44:
327:
654:
400:
120:, mismanagement, and a lack of adequate resources seriously eroded incomes from commercial agriculture. Production levels in general were lower in the 1980s than in the 1960s. Technological improvements had been delayed by economic stagnation, and agricultural production still used primarily unimproved methods of production on small, widely scattered farms, with low levels of capital outlay. Other problems facing farmers included the disrepair of the nation's roads, the nearly destroyed marketing system, increasing inflation, and low producer prices. These factors contributed to low volumes of export commodity production and a decline in per capita food production and consumption in the late 1980s.
446:
768:
849:
177:
420:
until long after it had been sold. The generally low producer prices set by the government and the problem of delayed payments for produce prompted many farmers to sell produce at higher prices on illegal markets in neighboring countries. During most of the 1980s, the government steadily raised producer prices for export crops in order to maintain some incentive for farmers to deal with government purchasing agents, but these incentives failed to prevent widespread smuggling.
68:
1682:
803:
473:
945:
424:
700:
exported about 90 percent of tea produced nationwide. In 1988 and 1989, the government used slightly more than 10 percent of the total to meet Uganda's commitments in barter exchanges with other countries. In 1990 the tea harvest rose to 6,900 tons, of which 4,700 were exported for earnings of US$ 3.6 million. The government hoped to produce 10,000 tons in 1991 to meet rising market demand.
564:
686:
779:, which had produced 152,000 tons in 1968, almost collapsed by the early 1980s. By 1989 Uganda imported large amounts of sugar, despite local industrial capacity that could easily satisfy domestic demand. Sugar is by far Uganda's most profitable crop. Achieving local self-sufficiency by the year 1995 was the major government aim in rehabilitating this industry.
718:(UTGC). Several thousand hectares of tea estates remained in a "disputed" category because their owners had been forced to abandon them. In 1990 many of these estates were being sold to private individuals by the departed Asians' Property Custodian Board as part of an effort to rehabilitate the industry and improve local management practices.
185:
682:(Tamteco) in a joint venture with the government. Tea production subsequently increased from 1,700 tons of tea produced in 1981 to 5,600 tons in 1985. These yields did not approach the high of 22,000 tons that had been produced in the peak year of 1974, however, and they declined slightly after 1985.
419:
Cooperatives also handled most marketing activity, although marketing boards and private companies sometimes dealt directly with producers. Co-operatives had been very successful during the
British Colonial period (see below) but later many farmers complained that cooperatives did not pay for produce
123:
The decline in agricultural production, if sustained, posed major problems in terms of maintaining export revenues and feeding Uganda's expanding population. Despite these serious problems, agriculture continued to dominate the economy. In the late 1980s, agriculture (in the monetary and non-monetary
975:
were expensive and required transportation and marketing, often in areas where local dairy development was possible. School farms, once considered potentially important elements of education and boarding requirements, were not popular with either pupils or teachers, who often considered agricultural
877:
In the 1980s, the government provided substantial aid to farmers, and by 1983 eighty ranches had been restocked with cattle. Nevertheless, by the late 1980s, the livestock sector continued to incur heavy animal losses as a result of disease, especially in the northern and northeastern regions. Civil
415:
and several other institutions supplied credit to local farmers, although small farmers also received credit directly from the government through agricultural cooperatives. For most small farmers, the main source of short-term credit was the policy of allowing farmers to delay payments for seeds and
89:
mills. The number of farmers involved rose exponentially as the co-operatives made the profits that the Asian traders had previously made. The roads, other infrastructure and security were better in this colonial period than in the late 1900s, so allowing relatively efficient transport and marketing
739:
For several years after independence, tobacco was one of Uganda's major foreign exchange earners, ranking fourth after coffee, cotton, and tea. Like all other traditional cash crops, tobacco production also suffered from Uganda's political insecurity and economic mismanagement. Most tobacco grew in
484:
was the second most important traditional cash crop in Uganda, contributing 25 percent of total agricultural exports. By the late 1970s, this figure had dropped to 3 percent, and government officials were pessimistic about reviving this industry in the near future. Farmers had turned to other crops
34:
These conditions have allowed continuous cultivation in the south but only annual cropping in the north, and the driest northeastern corner of the country has supported only pastoralism. Although population growth has created pressure for land in a few areas, land shortages have been rare, and only
453:
Majority of
Ugandan people rely on farming as their source of income in some cities woman own farms in order to provide for their families. A lot of farmers in Uganda face challenges like being able to access the market. The cost of transport is high which makes it difficult for farmers especially
726:
provided assistance to resuscitate the smallholder segment of the industry, and the UTGC rehabilitated seven tea factories with assistance from the
Netherlands. Both Tamteco and the Uganda Tea Corporation have been known among tea growers in Africa for their leading role in mechanization efforts.
511:. And in the late 1980s, it provided another means of diversifying the economy. The government accordingly initiated an emergency cotton production program, which provided extension services, tractors, and other inputs for cotton farmers. At the same time, the government raised cotton prices from
127:
Roughly 20% of regular wage earners worked in commercial agricultural enterprises, and an additional 60% of the work force earned some income from farming. Agricultural output was generated by about 2.2 million small-scale producers on farms with an average of 2.5 hectares of land. The 1987 RDP
699:
per kilogram, to expand tea production and reduce the nation's traditional dependence on coffee exports, but tea production remained well under capacity. In 1989, only about one-tenth of the 21,000 hectares under tea cultivation were fully productive, producing about 4,600 tons of tea. Uganda
31:. In some years, small areas of the southeast and southwest have averaged more than 150 millimeters per month. In the north, there is often a short dry season in December and January. Temperatures vary only a few degrees above or below 20 °C but are moderated by differences in altitude.
707:, managed most tea production. In 1989 Tamteco owned three large plantations, with a total of 2,300 hectares of land, but only about one-half of Tamteco's land was fully productive. IN 1989 the Uganda Tea Corporation had about 900 hectares in production and was expanding its landholdings.
1035:
industry baby also suffered throughout the years of civil unrest. In the 1980s, the CARE Apiary
Development Project assisted in rehabilitating the industry, and by 1987 more than fifty cooperatives and privately owned enterprises had become dealers in apiary products. More than 4,000
43:
833:
officials established that in the two calendar years 2014 and 2015, total production averaged 398,408 metric tonnes annually. Annual sugar consumption averaged 336,111 metric tonnes annually, leaving an average of 62,297 metric tonnes available for export.
870:, with indigenous breeds dominating most livestock in Uganda. Smallholder farmers owned about 95 percent of all cattle, although several hundred modern commercial ranches were established during the 1960s and early 1970s in areas that had been cleared of
1006:
operated feed mills and incubators. The major constraint to expanding poultry production was the lack of quality feeds, and the government hoped that competition among privately owned feedmills would eventually overcome this problem. In 1987 the
889:
to rehabilitate the cattle industry. The government also approved an EEC-funded program of artificial insemination, and the
Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry tried to save existing cattle stock by containing diseases such as
941:. The WFP goal of returning domestic milk production to the 1972 level of 400 million liters annually was criticized by local health experts, who cited the nation's population growth since 1972 and urgent health needs in many war-torn areas.
814:, with the factory resuming production in 1989. Rehabilitation of the Kakira estate, delayed by ownership problems, was completed in 1990 at a cost of about US$ 70 million, giving Uganda a refining capacity of at least 140,000 tons per year.
721:
In 1990, both
Tamteco and the Uganda Tea Corporation used most of their earnings to cover operational expenses and service corporate debts, so the expansion of Uganda's tea-producing capacity was still just beginning. The EEC and the
64:; settled disputes; established a co-operative bank; and developed marketing in a population that largely had no experience of accounts and marketing. Each co-operative had 100 to 150 farmer members who elected their own committees.
51:
In the 1950s until independence in 1962, British
Colonial Office policy encouraged the development of co-operatives for subsistence farmers to partially convert to selling their crops: principally coffee, cotton, tobacco, and maize.
59:
He, as an accountant, plus a team of 20 (British) District Co-operative
Officers and some 400 Ugandans established the constitution and accounting procedures of each co-operative. They ran courses at a co-operative college in
798:
families. The government commissioned the rehabilitation of these two estates in 1981, but the spreading civil war delayed the projects. By mid-1986, work on the two estates resumed, and Lugazi resumed production in 1988.
485:
in part because of the labor-intensive nature of cotton cultivation, inadequate crop-finance programs, and a generally poor marketing system. The industry began to recover in the 1980s. The government rehabilitated
56:(1915–2000) (as Commissioner of Co-operatives from 1959 to independence in 1962 and then as a civil servant until 1965) developed the movement by encouraging eventually some 500,000 farmers to join co-operatives.
878:
strife in those areas also led to a complete breakdown in disease control and the spread of tsetse flies. Cattle rustling, especially along the Kenyan border, also depleted herds in some areas of the northeast.
1513:
661:
Favorable climate and soil conditions enabled Uganda to develop some of the world's best quality tea. Production almost ceased in the 1970s, when the government expelled many owners of tea estates, mostly
1416:
1304:
874:
infestation. Ranching was successful in the late 1960s, but during the upheaval of the 1970s many ranches were looted, and most farmers sold off their animals at low prices to minimize their losses.
747:
Company, which repossessed its former properties in 1984. Although the
National Tobacco Corporation processed and marketed only 900 tons of tobacco in 1986, output had more than quadrupled by 1989.
1449:
976:
training inappropriate for academic institutions. Local economists decried Uganda's poor progress in controlling cattle diseases, and they urged the government to develop industries such as
1480:
396:, although in the 1980s many farmers sold food crops to meet short-term expenses. The production of cotton, tea, and tobacco virtually collapsed during the late 1970s and early 1980s.
1274:
2248:
326:
1023:, funded a poultry rehabilitation and development project worth US$ 17.2 million to establish hatchery units and feed mills and to import parent stock and baby chicks.
1503:
743:
In 1981, for example, farmers produced only sixty-three tons of tobacco. There was some increase in production after 1981, largely because of the efforts of the
1012:
1406:
1008:
1296:
2233:
1439:
574:
489:
and increased producer prices. In 1985, 199,000 hectares were planted in cotton, and production had risen from 4,000 tons to 16,300 tons in five years.
913:
have worked to achieve self-sufficiency in the industry but have been hampered by a number of problems. Low producer prices for milk, high costs for
2253:
1472:
710:
The state-owned
Agricultural Enterprises Limited managed about 3,000 hectares of tea, and an additional 9,000 hectares were farmed by about 11,000
547:
1605:
740:
the northwestern corner of the country, where violence became especially severe in the late 1970s, and rehabilitation of this industry was slow.
2170:
955:
Local economists complained that the dairy industry demonstrated Uganda's continuing dependence on more developed economies. Uganda had ample
653:
77:
In each political district, there was a co-operative "union" which built stores and, eventually, with government money, processing factories:
2024:
762:
445:
399:
2478:
881:
The government hoped to increase the cattle population to 10 million by the year 2000. To do this, it arranged a purchase of cattle from
47:
ASC Leiden – NSAG – Crebolder 2 – 27 – "Former French Africa-Café et Casse-croûte" – French Africa, perhaps Benin – January–February 1962
1834:
787:
458:
1245:
1758:
1702:
1266:
1176:
Interview of David Hines in 1999 by W D Ogilvie; obituary of David Hines in London Daily Telegraph 8 April 2000 written by W D Ogilvie
1666:
1722:
891:
632:
1379:
767:
604:
2268:
2123:
1824:
1618:
1651:
1839:
815:
728:
2577:
611:
589:
1639:
2393:
1785:
1352:
1190:
715:
543:
2308:
1918:
1717:
442:
Coffee has been Uganda's most important cash crop since the 1980s. In 2013, coffee exports totalled US$ 425.4 million.
408:
2504:
618:
2418:
2408:
2213:
1989:
1974:
1780:
1598:
811:
666:. Many tea farmers also reduced production as a result of warfare and economic upheaval. Successive governments after
437:
2551:
2547:
1139:
101:
delegation to find decrepit factories that had been kept going as long as possible by cannibalising other factories.
1537:
2423:
2313:
2243:
2163:
1947:
1913:
756:
679:
600:
2543:
2483:
2403:
2368:
2353:
2338:
2293:
2228:
2092:
1812:
1656:
1150:
2358:
1964:
1795:
1727:
843:
744:
1661:
1220:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2458:
2433:
2323:
2283:
2278:
2258:
2223:
2208:
1712:
1634:
1327:"Cotton Development Organisation – Monitoring the production, processing, and marketing of cotton in Uganda"
412:
2508:
2443:
2413:
2398:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2328:
2288:
2273:
2218:
2193:
2004:
1969:
1928:
1880:
1807:
1765:
1707:
1681:
1591:
1559:
895:
539:
for Grade B cotton in 1989. However, prospects for the cotton industry in the 1990s were still uncertain.
461:
822:
is expected to begin production in 2017, adding another 66,000 metric tonnes of powdered sugar annually.
2453:
2388:
2343:
2303:
2198:
2179:
2156:
1819:
369:
153:
117:
731:, but mechanized harvesting and processing of tea was still slowed by shortages of operating capital.
703:
Two companies, Tamteco and the Uganda Tea Corporation, a joint venture between the government and the
124:
economy) contributed about two-thirds of GDP, 95% of export revenues, and 40% of government revenues.
2428:
2378:
2333:
2318:
2298:
2263:
2203:
1770:
1020:
922:
1550:
848:
675:
2438:
2348:
2238:
2019:
2014:
1994:
1979:
1933:
1829:
1790:
1775:
1690:
1646:
1572:
1147:
819:
625:
2009:
1999:
1959:
1895:
1746:
1732:
1330:
1067:
783:
337:
53:
727:
Both companies purchased tea harvesters from Australian manufacturers, financed in part by the
2116:
2044:
1923:
1900:
1890:
1870:
1853:
1800:
1626:
1062:
1057:
948:
663:
906:. As of June 2017, it was estimated that Uganda had approximately 73 million head of cattle.
2052:
1984:
1905:
1885:
512:
496:
2132:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2057:
2034:
2029:
1576:
1554:
1508:
1143:
903:
546:
or CDO was created in 1994 by Act of Parliament; the CDO is a semi-autonomous body of the
385:
105:
67:
1875:
1383:
995:
791:
776:
349:
274:
204:
492:
Cotton exports earned US$ 31.7 million in 2013, compared to US$ 86.0 million in 2012.
411:
in commercial agriculture that would lead to a variety of nontraditional exports. The
2571:
2137:
1476:
1444:
1411:
1156:
934:
930:
508:
108:
has been re-establishing cooperatives for female farmers in several areas of Uganda.
581:
176:
128:
called for efforts both to increase production of traditional cash crops, including
35:
about one-third of the estimated area of arable land was under cultivation by 1989.
960:
944:
914:
711:
225:
161:
331:
A banana platation with clouds above a green mountainous scenery in Western Uganda
97:
1971-8 era of massacres and tortures, David Hines in 1982 returned to Uganda in a
795:
704:
563:
144:, and to promote the production of nontraditional agricultural exports, such as
24:
1356:
1186:
802:
472:
1032:
984:, which could be used to build cattle-dips and eliminate tick-borne diseases.
899:
871:
723:
685:
500:
486:
315:
207:(4th largest producer in the world, losing only to Congo, Ghana and Cameroon);
98:
78:
1003:
918:
671:
670:
encouraged owners of tea estates to intensify their cultivation of existing
239:
197:
971:
was sometimes unavailable in non-farming areas. Imported powdered milk and
423:
1136:
882:
810:
The government, together with outside development partners rehabilitated
667:
157:
94:
2148:
1267:"How the female coffee farmers of Uganda are building their livelihoods"
495:
Cotton provided the raw materials for several local industries, such as
302:
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like
1045:
991:
964:
956:
938:
393:
389:
357:
345:
311:
260:
218:
141:
82:
61:
925:(WFP) undertook an effort to rehabilitate the dairy industry, and the
2062:
1671:
1614:
1250:, Uganda Bureau of Statistics, November 2014, accessed 6 August 2015"
999:
977:
972:
926:
886:
859:
830:
481:
377:
373:
353:
341:
303:
295:
288:
281:
246:
133:
129:
16:
1297:"Making Farming More Productive and Profitable for Ugandan Farmers"
184:
2072:
1583:
1212:
1041:
1037:
994:
was growing rapidly, relying in part on imported baby chicks from
981:
943:
910:
867:
863:
847:
826:
801:
790:, which by the late 1980s were joint government ventures with the
766:
684:
652:
471:
444:
422:
398:
365:
361:
325:
253:
211:
175:
165:
149:
145:
86:
66:
42:
1155:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
180:
A man pulping coffee using a machine in Mbale district in Uganda
987:
968:
885:
in 1988 and implemented a US$ 10.5 million project supported by
504:
267:
232:
28:
20:
2152:
1587:
1473:"Uganda's Sugar Output Seen Climbing a Third Year on More Cane"
1016:
678:(British) returned to Uganda in the early 1980s and formed the
990:
also contributed to local consumption. By the late 1980s, the
557:
381:
307:
137:
1538:
Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
548:
Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
403:
An Irish potato garden in Butare Kyamuhunga in Western Uganda
858:
The country's natural environment provided good grazing for
657:
Tea plantations of Kyamuhunga in Bushenyi district in Uganda
921:
were especially severe obstacles to dairy development. The
714:
farmers, who marketed their produce through the parastatal
1542:
1548:
Uganda National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO)
1547:
407:
In the late 1980s, the government attempted to encourage
1569:
693:
In 1988, the government doubled producer prices, to 20/
585:
27:. Most areas of Uganda have usually received plenty of
1407:"Professor Latigo faults Amuru leaders on investments"
1326:
771:
Sugarcane Plantation in Sonde Swamp in Mukono District
1564:
1543:
Uganda National Agriculture Advisory Services (NAADS)
104:
More recently, the Hope Development Initiative under
1504:"Uganda to stop export of unprocessed cereals to EA"
1040:
were in the field. In 1987 an estimated 797 tons of
416:
other agricultural inputs provided by cooperatives.
2492:
2467:
2186:
2043:
1946:
1852:
1745:
1689:
1625:
959:and an unrealized capacity for dairy development.
1382:. MPGroupofIndustries.Com (MPGI). Archived from
23:and climate have contributed to the country's
2164:
1599:
1440:"Uganda defeats Kenya over sugar surplus row"
1013:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
853:A Herd of Ankole long horned cattle in Uganda
527:for a kilogram of grade A cotton and from 18/
8:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1009:Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
929:and other UN agencies also helped subsidize
590:introducing citations to additional sources
1189:. Institute for the Study of Human Rights.
2171:
2157:
2149:
1952:
1858:
1751:
1695:
1606:
1592:
1584:
1240:
1238:
580:Relevant discussion may be found on the
464:overseas the country's coffee industry.
183:
1078:
927:United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1307:from the original on 21 September 2023
1333:from the original on 22 February 2024
1223:from the original on 14 November 2021
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
782:The two largest sugar processors are
763:List of sugar manufacturers in Uganda
291:(10th largest producer in the world);
7:
1516:from the original on 13 October 2018
1193:from the original on 7 November 2017
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
228:(7th largest producer in the world);
1565:Uganda Cotton Development Authority
1560:Uganda Coffee Development Authority
788:Sugar Corporation of Uganda Limited
544:Uganda Cotton Development Authority
462:Uganda Coffee Development Authority
459:Uganda Coffee Development Authority
336:Uganda's main food crops have been
188:More farms adopting to no-till tech
1570:Uganda Dairy Development Authority
1438:Ladu, Ismail Musa (16 June 2016).
14:
1502:Abdallah, Halima (29 June 2017).
1483:from the original on 8 March 2016
1452:from the original on 15 June 2016
892:contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
806:A Ugandan man selling sugarcanes
2479:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2249:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1680:
1419:from the original on 6 July 2018
1405:Ocungi, Julius (23 March 2016).
1277:from the original on 2 June 2024
573:relies largely or entirely on a
562:
1471:Fred Ojambo (3 February 2014).
1380:"About Mayuge Sugar Industries"
816:Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited
729:Uganda Development Bank Limited
716:Uganda Tea Growers' Corporation
454:during wet weather conditions.
1652:Early independence (1962–1971)
1:
967:had not been eliminated, and
933:imports, most of it from the
825:A joint verification team by
372:. Major cash crops have been
818:started production in 2005.
680:Toro and Mityana Tea Company
427:Coffee harvesting in Uganda
2025:Water supply and sanitation
812:Kinyara Sugar Works Limited
449:a female farmer from Uganda
438:Coffee production in Uganda
2594:
841:
775:Uganda's once substantial
760:
757:Sugar production in Uganda
754:
689:Tea plantations near Igara
435:
90:of agricultural products.
2110:
1955:
1861:
1754:
1698:
1678:
1248:2014 Statistical Abstract
1151:Federal Research Division
192:Uganda produced in 2018:
2234:Central African Republic
1759:Administrative divisions
1647:British rule (1894–1962)
1553:11 February 2023 at the
1378:MPGI (11 January 2015).
844:Dairy industry in Uganda
745:British American Tobacco
166:fruit and fruit products
72:Bugisu cooperative union
1575:15 January 2022 at the
919:transportation problems
601:"Agriculture in Uganda"
413:Uganda Development Bank
314:(35 thousand tons) and
2180:Agriculture in Africa
952:
896:hoof-and-mouth disease
855:
807:
772:
690:
658:
477:
450:
428:
404:
333:
189:
181:
116:Throughout the 1970s,
74:
48:
2578:Agriculture in Uganda
2394:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2254:Republic of the Congo
1044:and 614 kilograms of
947:
851:
805:
770:
688:
656:
509:animal feed factories
475:
448:
426:
402:
329:
294:209 thousand tons of
287:211 thousand tons of
280:242 thousand tons of
273:245 thousand tons of
266:260 thousand tons of
259:298 thousand tons of
252:360 thousand tons of
245:532 thousand tons of
187:
179:
70:
46:
1657:Idi Amin (1971–1979)
1142:27 June 2015 at the
1137:Uganda country study
1021:Government of Uganda
923:World Food Programme
586:improve this article
318:(27 thousand tons).
310:(62 thousand tons),
306:(87 thousand tons),
238:1.0 million tons of
231:1.0 million tons of
224:1.5 million tons of
217:2.6 million tons of
210:2.9 million tons of
203:3.8 million tons of
196:3.9 million tons of
154:groundnuts (peanuts)
118:political insecurity
25:agricultural success
2469:States with limited
1662:Uganda–Tanzania War
1148:Library of Congress
951:shepherds in Uganda
820:Atiak Sugar Factory
164:, and a variety of
1919:Telecommunications
1273:. 14 August 2023.
1068:Forestry in Uganda
1002:. Several private
965:protein deficiency
953:
856:
808:
784:Kakira Sugar Works
773:
691:
659:
478:
451:
429:
405:
334:
190:
182:
75:
54:David Gordon Hines
49:
2565:
2564:
2496:other territories
2269:Equatorial Guinea
2146:
2145:
2106:
2105:
1990:Human trafficking
1975:Domestic violence
1942:
1941:
1848:
1847:
1835:Political parties
1781:Foreign relations
1741:
1740:
1672:Uganda since 1986
1386:on 6 October 2022
1187:"Agnes Atim Apea"
1063:Fishing in Uganda
1058:Economy of Uganda
698:
664:Indians in Uganda
651:
650:
636:
538:
532:
526:
520:
2585:
2557:
2556:(United Kingdom)
2552:Tristan da Cunha
2548:Ascension Island
2540:
2527:
2518:
2494:Dependencies and
2187:Sovereign states
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2126:
2119:
2078:
2068:
1953:
1909:
1859:
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1359:on 26 May 2008
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584:. Please help
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480:In the 1950s,
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1157:public domain
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935:United States
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931:powdered milk
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911:dairy farmers
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613:
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606:
603: –
602:
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597:Find sources:
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583:
577:
576:
575:single source
571:This section
569:
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560:
559:
553:
551:
549:
545:
540:
514:
510:
506:
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498:
497:textile mills
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39:Co-operatives
38:
36:
32:
30:
26:
22:
19:'s favorable
18:
2544:Saint Helena
2515:
2448:
2419:South Africa
2409:Sierra Leone
2214:Burkina Faso
2073:
2063:
2005:Prostitution
1970:Demographics
1929:Trade unions
1881:Conservation
1876:Central bank
1865:
1840:Rebel groups
1808:Human rights
1766:Constitution
1708:Conservation
1518:. Retrieved
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1410:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:the original
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1247:
1225:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1181:
1154:
1030:
988:Goat farming
986:
961:Malnutrition
957:grazing area
954:
908:
880:
876:
857:
852:
824:
809:
781:
774:
742:
738:
720:
709:
702:
692:
660:
642:October 2022
639:
629:
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572:
541:
494:
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441:
418:
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335:
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301:
226:sweet potato
191:
162:sesame seeds
126:
122:
115:
103:
92:
76:
71:
58:
50:
33:
15:
2471:recognition
2424:South Sudan
2314:Ivory Coast
1866:Agriculture
1820:LGBT rights
1512:. Nairobi.
1448:. Kampala.
1415:. Kampala.
1353:"Agreement"
1311:28 November
1281:28 November
1217:www.fao.org
712:smallholder
705:Mehta Group
2526:(Portugal)
2484:Somaliland
2404:Seychelles
2369:Mozambique
2354:Mauritania
2339:Madagascar
2294:The Gambia
2229:Cape Verde
1908:(currency)
1786:Government
1771:Corruption
1520:12 October
1390:11 January
1301:World Bank
1197:6 November
1074:References
1033:beekeeping
1027:Beekeeping
949:Karamojong
900:rinderpest
872:tsetse-fly
842:See also:
761:See also:
755:See also:
724:World Bank
612:newspapers
501:cotton oil
370:groundnuts
172:Production
99:World Bank
93:After the
2359:Mauritius
2020:Terrorism
2015:Squatting
1995:Languages
1980:Education
1934:Transport
1906:Shilling
1891:Fisheries
1791:President
1776:Elections
1718:Mountains
1691:Geography
1213:"FAOSTAT"
1031:Uganda's
1004:companies
909:Uganda's
838:Livestock
672:hectarage
582:talk page
513:USh
487:ginneries
338:plantains
240:vegetable
198:sugarcane
2572:Category
2550: /
2546: /
2539:(France)
2533: /
2511: /
2507: /
2459:Zimbabwe
2434:Tanzania
2284:Ethiopia
2279:Eswatini
2259:Djibouti
2224:Cameroon
2209:Botswana
2133:Category
2010:Religion
2000:Polygamy
1960:Abortion
1896:Forestry
1825:Military
1813:Intersex
1747:Politics
1733:Wildlife
1619:articles
1573:Archived
1551:Archived
1514:Archived
1481:Archived
1450:Archived
1417:Archived
1331:Archived
1305:Archived
1275:Archived
1221:Archived
1191:Archived
1140:Archived
1052:See also
1019:and the
883:Tanzania
792:Madhvani
668:Idi Amin
205:plantain
158:soybeans
95:Idi Amin
2535:RĂ©union
2531:Mayotte
2522:Madeira
2517:(Spain)
2513:Melilla
2444:Tunisia
2414:Somalia
2399:Senegal
2384:Nigeria
2374:Namibia
2364:Morocco
2329:Liberia
2324:Lesotho
2274:Eritrea
2244:Comoros
2219:Burundi
2194:Algeria
2117:Outline
2067:(dress)
2058:Cuisine
2045:Culture
1948:Society
1924:Tourism
1901:Poverty
1871:Banking
1854:Economy
1801:Cabinet
1627:History
1487:16 June
1456:16 June
1423:16 June
1363:13 June
1046:beeswax
996:Britain
939:Denmark
831:Ugandan
735:Tobacco
626:scholar
394:tobacco
390:vanilla
358:sorghum
346:cassava
342:bananas
312:tobacco
261:sorghum
219:cassava
142:tobacco
62:Kampala
2554:
2537:
2524:
2454:Zambia
2449:Uganda
2389:Rwanda
2344:Malawi
2304:Guinea
2199:Angola
2138:Portal
2077:(robe)
2064:Gomesi
2053:Cinema
1985:Health
1886:Energy
1728:Rivers
1617:
1615:Uganda
1337:2 June
1271:Travel
1227:2 June
1015:, the
1011:, the
1000:Zambia
978:cement
973:butter
917:, and
902:, and
887:Kuwait
866:, and
860:cattle
827:Kenyan
628:
621:
614:
607:
599:
533:to 42/
521:to 80/
507:, and
482:cotton
468:Cotton
432:Coffee
378:cotton
374:coffee
368:, and
354:millet
304:cotton
296:millet
289:coffee
282:peanut
247:banana
140:, and
134:cotton
130:coffee
85:, and
17:Uganda
2509:Ceuta
2429:Sudan
2379:Niger
2334:Libya
2319:Kenya
2299:Ghana
2289:Gabon
2264:Egypt
2204:Benin
2124:Index
2098:Sport
2088:Music
2083:Media
2074:Kanzu
2035:Youth
2030:Women
1713:Lakes
1253:(PDF)
1042:honey
1038:hives
982:steel
963:from
868:goats
864:sheep
796:Mehta
751:Sugar
633:JSTOR
619:books
386:cocoa
366:beans
322:Crops
316:cocoa
254:onion
212:maize
150:beans
146:maize
112:1970s
87:maize
2439:Togo
2349:Mali
2239:Chad
1522:2018
1489:2016
1458:2016
1425:2016
1392:2015
1365:2008
1339:2024
1313:2023
1283:2023
1229:2024
1199:2017
1017:IDRB
998:and
980:and
969:milk
937:and
829:and
794:and
786:and
605:news
542:The
503:and
457:The
392:and
362:corn
268:rice
233:bean
29:rain
588:by
554:Tea
515:32/
382:tea
308:tea
138:tea
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