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208:, in the 19th century, the Ningbo authorities contracted Cantonese pirates to eliminate by extermination Portuguese pirates who raided Cantonese shipping around Ningbo. The campaign was "successful", with 40 Portuguese dead and only two Chinese dead, being dubbed "The Ningpo Massacre" by an English correspondent, who noted that the Portuguese pirates had behaved savagely towards the Chinese, and that the Portuguese authorities at
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There was indeed a group of
Portuguese who became pirates, called "Macau ruffians," or policemen who turned bad, along with "Manila-men" from the Philippines and escaped African slaves. Their fleet attacked "the Cantonese ships when they could get them at an advantage, and murdered their crews with
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The people from Ningbo supported the
Cantonese massacre of the Portuguese pirates and the attack on the Portuguese consul. The Ningbo authorities had made an agreement with a Cantonese pirate named A'Pak to exterminate the Portuguese pirates. The Portuguese did not even try to fight when the
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Cantonese pirates sacked their consulate, fleeing and hiding among the tombs. The
Cantonese butchered around 40 Portuguese while sacking the consulate. Only two Chinese and one Englishman who sided with the Cantonese died.
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circumstances of great atrocity."55 They were destroyed in Ningbo by a fleet of
Chinese pirates with the support of the local Chinese government and other Europeans.
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Portuguese pirates who raided
Cantonese shipping in the early 19th century were eliminated by Cantonese forces around Ningbo.
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Original from the
University of Wisconsin - Madison (eastern china mission - Letter from Mr. Kwolton)
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was a massacre of
Portuguese pirates by Cantonese pirates led by Ah Pak around the city of
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China and lower Bengal: being "The Times" correspondence from China in the years 1857–58
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260:(5 ed.). Routledge, Warne, & Routledge. pp. 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
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China: being "The Times" special correspondence from China in the years 1857–58
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336:(illustrated ed.). Hong Kong University Press. p. 67.
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283:. Vol. XLIX. Boston: American Baptist Missionary Union
277:American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (1869).
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270:(the New York Public Library) Also available
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61:. Please do not remove this message until
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
57:Relevant discussion may be found on the
27:Massacre of Portuguese pirates in Ningbo
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311:the London Times (26 November 1858).
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212:should have reined in the pirates.
280:The Missionary magazine, Volume 49
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313:"The Pirates of the Chinese Seas"
417:Naval battles involving Portugal
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452:Naval battles involving pirates
254:George Wingrove Cooke (1861).
250:(the University of California)
234:George Wingrove Cooke (1858).
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432:Military history of Guangdong
412:Naval battles involving China
457:Massacres committed by China
63:conditions to do so are met
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407:Military history of Ningbo
437:Military history of Macau
333:Macau History and Society
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392:China–Portugal relations
163:Commanders and leaders
382:1857 murders in China
180:Casualties and losses
427:History of Hong Kong
330:Zhidong Hao (2011).
216:Battle and Massacre
96:The Ningpo Massacre
50:of this article is
397:Massacres in China
317:The New York Times
190:40 Portuguese dead
158:Portuguese Pirates
387:Massacres in 1857
343:978-988-8028-54-2
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206:Qing dynasty
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108:26 June 1857
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287:14 December
371:Categories
349:4 November
298:References
264:4 November
244:4 November
71:March 2013
48:neutrality
185:2 Chinese
59:talk page
113:Location
52:disputed
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202:Ningbo
175:Ah Pak
129:Result
118:Ningbo
18:Ah Pak
210:Macau
351:2011
338:ISBN
289:2011
272:here
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