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62:(a non-Muslim subject of a Muslim ruler) nor an enemy of Islam, but the native of a friendly country, that is Great Britain. He went as far as to deny Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad Lobbo the right to proclaim a jihad and called him "the ruler over a few huts at the outskirts of the Islamic world".
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region. His voluminous correspondence provides a rare, detailed glimpse into political and religious thought in 19th century West Africa regarding the primary concerns of; the nature of the
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203:
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he denied the former's right to have Barth arrested or killed and his belongings confiscated, as the
Christian was neither a
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38:
for an accommodationist stance towards the threatening
Christian European presence, and even provided protection to
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183:
97:
communities, issues surrounding the encroaching
Christian powers, and the growing politicalization of
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173:
47:
123:
34:
and political leader. He was one of the last principal spokesmen in precolonial
Western
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43:
39:
167:
151:
74:
28:
90:
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82:
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shaykhs, whose prestige and religious influence were interwoven with the
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31:
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Moorish marabut of the Kunta tribe, Timbuktu region, late 19th century
78:
58:
20:
94:
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52:
35:
98:
128:
Britain, the Sahara and the
Western Sudan 1788 to 1861.
130:
Oxford 1964 (containing an
English translation of the
50:. In a letter to the ruler, which was rather a
81:brotherhood and the economic fortunes of the
42:from an attempted kidnapping by the ruler of
8:
118:Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa.
144:
7:
73:Al-Bakkai was also one of the last
14:
120:London 1857-58, vols. 4 & 5.
156:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
1:
134:in favour of Heinrich Barth).
199:People of French West Africa
204:19th-century African people
220:
27:– 1865 in Timbuktu) was a
17:Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti
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68:
189:19th century in Mali
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124:Albert Adu Boahen
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158:
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93:in Sahelian and
23:region north of
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161:
150:
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12:
11:
5:
217:
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194:Massina Empire
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186:
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143:
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114:Heinrich Barth
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40:Heinrich Barth
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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157:
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152:John Esposito
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104:affiliation.
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26:
22:
19:(1803 in the
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184:Malian Sufis
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131:
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75:Kunta family
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57:
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29:West African
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15:
179:1865 deaths
174:1803 births
168:Categories
108:References
91:caliphate
48:Amadu III
95:Sudanese
83:Timbuktu
25:Timbuktu
102:tariqah
87:Imamate
44:Massina
32:Islamic
79:Qadiri
59:dhimmi
21:Azawad
139:Notes
132:fatwa
53:fatwa
36:Sudan
99:Sufi
170::
154:,
126:,
116:,
89:/
46:,
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