1237:
1328:
1355:
1301:
753:
1175:
1133:
53:
3127:
1418:
1404:
1263:
608:. The war had intensified colonial repression of the Algerians, prompting a backlash that led to the deaths of more than 100 Europeans and around 1,500 Algerians, according to official reports. Anti-colonial insurgents, however, put the number of Algerian deaths at around 10,000. The fallout from the Sétif uprising shocked Ben Bella and his Algerian companions, as they realized that France would not recognize their claim to equal treatment despite their wartime service.
1431:
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723:(ALN) in Algeria with weapons, ammunition and other supplies. The ALN logistical system was focused in Egypt and Libya in the early years of the war. Once the French occupation of Tunisia and Morocco ended in 1956, Ben Bella and his associates established a system of camps in both countries for training men and sending them into Algeria.
1026:
their meeting was arranged by Ben Bella's mother. They became religiously observant
Muslims, and adopted two girls, Mehdia and Nouria. After Boumedienne's death in 1978, restrictions on him were eased in July 1979, and he was freed on 30 October 1980. Ben Bella briefly resided in France but was then expelled in 1983. He moved to
2844:
629:
The attempt against his life failed, but the farm was confiscated and he went into hiding. After the nationalist parties had achieved great success in local elections in 1947, by this was followed by the fixing of the
Algerian Assembly elections in 1948 by French officials, agreed to and justified by
1025:
After being deposed in 1965, Ben Bella was detained for eight months in prison. He was then transferred to an isolated villa in
Birouta, where he was placed under house arrest for 14 years. He was, however, permitted a private life there, and in 1971 he married Zohra Sellami, an Algerian journalist;
870:
spontaneously undertaken by
Algerian workers. In March 1963, he drew up (with his circle of advisers) a set of decrees to nationalize all previously European-owned land. In his words, the "Tripoli program remained a dead letter, and independence and revolution made no sense, as long as Algerian soil
899:
way of governing and a lifestyle lacking in extravagance (he did not live in the governor's palace, and maintained an open-door policy with
Algerian citizens), Ben Bella's actions in government did not always match his intentions. After stabilizing the country, he embarked on a series of initially
854:
After
Algeria's independence, Ben Bella quickly became a popular leader. In June 1962, he challenged the leadership of the premier, Benyoucef Benkhedda. This led to several disputes among his rivals in the FLN, which were quickly suppressed by Ben Bella's rapidly growing number of supporters, most
711:
Ben Bella played an important role during the war, leading the FLN, organizing the shipment of foreign weapons and coordinating political strategy. Although he was not present in
Algeria, assassination attempts against him by French authorities persisted. After national independence, he was named
797:" and developed close ties to Egypt even before national independence was achieved. Nasser's material, moral and political support of the Algerian movement became a source of geopolitical trouble for Egypt, as it played a major role in France's decision to wage war against him during the 1956
1054:
after
Algeria gained its independence, he became a vocal advocate for democracy in Algeria. He described the militant tendency arising in the Islamic world as having developed from an incorrect and faulty interpretation of Islam. Despite controversies, he was respected for his role in the
894:
During his presidency, Ben Bella was confronted with the challenge of building a postcolonial state infrastructure from the ground up; the country had no independent state traditions and its senior civil servants had always been staffed by the French. Despite a predisposition toward an
863:. By September 1962, Bella was in control of Algeria in all but name. He was elected premier in a one-sided election on 20 September, which was recognized by the United States on 29 September. Algeria was admitted as the 109th member of the United Nations on 8 October 1962.
882:
resigned their political offices in 1963, dismayed by the dictatorial tendencies on display in Ben Bella's proposed constitution, which enshrined a one-party state and rejected political pluralism. Nevertheless, this action presented no problem to the
Algerian people:
655:
On 4 April 1949, Ben Bella led a robbery of the central post office in Oran to gain funds for the organization, obtaining 3 million francs which he used to buy weapons. He was eventually caught in 1950 and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment in
808:
to make his foreign travels possible in the face of an international manhunt co-ordinated by the French and their allies. Ben Bella also traveled on a
Pakistani diplomatic passport during the years of his exile from Algeria in the 1980s.
1034:(MDA), a moderate Islamic opposition party, in 1984. In September 1990, he returned to Algeria, and, in 1991, led the MDA in the first round of the country's abortive parliamentary elections. The MDA was banned in 1997.
2675:
991:) (FFS) to confront Ben Bella, and the others joined after being alienated by Ben Bella's dictatorial leadership. In 1963, the FFS called for an armed revolt against the regime. However, it had force only in the
625:
in 1945, Ben Bella returned to Algeria, becoming politically active in the opposition movement against the French regime. French authorities sent assailants with the intention of assassinating him on his farm.
5463:
664:, which greatly influenced him in the future. He escaped soon afterwards in 1952 by cutting through his prison window bars with a knife that had been smuggled into jail in a loaf of bread, making his way to
695:(FLN), founded in November that year during a secret meeting of Algerian leaders in Switzerland. The FLN soon began armed insurrection against the French colonists, which became a guerilla war in Algeria.
2775:
930:
On many occasions, however, he improvised government policy as he went, as with his National Solidarity Fund, for which he asked the Algerian people to "voluntarily" hand over jewellery and banknotes.
2334:
Kang, Mani Singh, "The Legacy of the Revolutionary Algerian Statesman Ahmed Ben Bella (1916 – 2012)", on The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, American Educational Trust, Washington, 2012,42.
1494:
1528:
749:
gunman with links to French intelligence called Jean David entered his room and fired, wounding but not killing him. The shooter was later killed by guards while fleeing, at the Libyan border.
786:
At the FLN conference in Tripoli in May–June 1962, Ben Bella repealed the Soummam conference and gave priority to the implementation of a national Arab-Islamic culture and identity of Algeria.
5428:
2490:
741:
In 1956, he refused to receive a package delivered by taxi to his hotel in Cairo. A bomb exploded inside the taxi as it drove away, killing the driver. That same year, while in his hotel in
5503:
2705:
2615:
730:
on 20 August 1956, and thus rejected it for its "secularism", the decision to integrate the European minority in independent Algeria, and the misrepresentation of delegates. According to
2217:
5438:
1096:
Ben Bella died on 11 April 2012 at his family home in Algiers. Though the reasons of his death were unknown, he had been treated for respiratory illnesses twice at Ain Naadja. His body
644:(OS), a paramilitary organization whose strategic aim was to take up arms against the French colonial regime as quickly as possible. This group became the immediate predecessor of the
1703:
2749:
1677:
5408:
1572:
3175:
1069:, which is mandated to advise the AU Commission on issues relevant to conflict prevention, management and resolution. The other members of the panel at the time were President
4043:
2503:'He left hospital today and is at home and in good health, considering he is 95,' Mehdia Ben Bella told AFP, dismissing the reports about her father's demise as 'scandalous'.
1478:
2671:
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1647:
564:
Ben Bella enlisted again in 1940, believing that the French Army offered the best opportunity for non-discriminatory treatment of Algerians. Fighting for France during the
5063:
2142:
1741:
1043:
1093:
In February 2012, Ben Bella was admitted to a hospital for medical checks. At the same time, a report circulated that he had died, but this was denied by his family.
1923:
557:
on 29 April 1940 in Cannes, during which he scored a goal. Club officials offered him a professional spot on the team, but he rejected the offer. He also played for
5498:
3027:
432:
5403:
1498:
5093:
4540:
1002:
claimed that the "state Islam" that Ben Bella wanted to achieve was not an application of true Muslim values, but rather an attempt to please the population.
5378:
2771:
2805:
968:
and Cuba. After his 1962 visit, Cuba sent a health mission to Algeria, with doctors and medical help, and later sent weapons and soldiers as aid during the
517:, where he first became aware of racial discrimination. Disturbed by the animus against Muslims expressed by his European teacher, he began chafing against
5398:
3384:
933:
In international relations, he had to maintain connections with the former colonial master France, and also accepted economic aid from both the US and the
688:
423:. Despite not being present in Algeria, French authorities tried to assassinate him multiple times. Once Algeria gained independence in 1962, Ben Bella's
5493:
5473:
5373:
5353:
4476:
2174:
5048:
1520:
5453:
5383:
5043:
4138:
937:, as each sought to move his regime into its orbit and into opposition to the other. At the same time, Ben Bella wished Algeria to become a leader of
783:'s policies; as a prisoner during the height of the FLN terror campaign, he remained relatively untarnished by his association with the organization.
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as acting president. Ben Bella succeeded Ferhat Abbas on 15 September 1963 after rapidly sidelining him, and was elected president after winning
5363:
2697:
2604:
2571:
589:, during which he dragged a wounded commissioned officer to safety, assuming control of his battalion. For this, he was promoted to the rank of
4068:
3188:
2213:
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1358:
1186:
5348:
2250:
2078:
2039:
2000:
1956:
1877:
1829:
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in 1936. The Army was one of the few avenues of advancement for Algerians under colonial rule and voluntary enlistment was common. Posted to
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2193:
1699:
1685:
3565:
2741:
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502:. His father was a farmer and small-time trader. He had four brothers and two sisters. His oldest brother died from wounds received in the
2115:
2256:
2045:
1962:
1883:
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5083:
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2006:
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liberation movements and of the Third World itself. To strengthen relations with other colonies and former colonies, Algeria joined the
888:
652:(regional military sections of the FLN) and supplying weapons to insurgents and getting financial support from friendly Arab countries.
645:
444:
416:
2897:
1236:
707:
A meeting planning for the transfer of weapons from east base to the Algerians Freedom Fighters. Ben Bella is the second from the left.
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During his tenure, Ben Bella encountered political struggles with former leaders of the FLN, including Mohammed Khider, Ferhat Abbas,
768:
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5388:
5165:
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4368:
3040:
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His policy of autogestion, or self-management, was adopted after Algerian peasants seized former French lands and was inspired by
4953:
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4158:
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585:(infantry) with whom he saw service throughout the Italian campaign. In Italy, he was decorated for bravery demonstrated at the
4113:
3601:
3377:
2902:
1725:
125:
4691:
2149:
1006:
483:
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4875:
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3013:
2523:
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506:, during which he fought for France. Another brother died from illness and a third disappeared in France in 1940, during the
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2390:
1835:
1354:
1266:
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4661:
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3210:
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1300:
1144:
622:
579:
180:
4574:
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2726:
752:
634:, Ben Bella became convinced that achieving democratic independence through peaceful means was illusory. Together with
5483:
5183:
5013:
5003:
2429:
Gregory, Joseph R. (11 April 2012). "Ahmed Ben Bella, Revolutionary Who Led Algeria After Independence, Dies at 93".
867:
604:
On 8 May 1945, while France was celebrating Germany's surrender, widespread protests erupted in the Algerian town of
5488:
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4757:
4519:
4353:
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2277:
Jeffrey James Byrne, "Our Own Special Brand of Socialism: Algeria and the Contest of Modernities in the 1960s", in
2132:
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5368:
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1305:
401:
134:
87:
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4273:
2672:"Le Polisario aux funérailles de Ben Bella, Alger frôle l'incident diplomatique avec le Maroc - April 16, 2012"
2485:
1385:
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1017:. He was held for eight months in an underground prison, then for the next 14 years lived under house arrest.
856:
513:
Ben Bella began his studies in Maghnia, where he went to the French school, and continued them in the city of
3988:
3832:
3495:
900:
popular but chaotically handled land reforms for the benefit of landless farmers, and increasingly turned to
874:
He used his position to push for the approval of the constitution drawn up by the FLN, and alienated allies.
5269:
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4973:
4398:
4343:
4298:
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3933:
3724:
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915:. He also worked on the development of his country, instituting reforms, undertaking campaigns for national
884:
719:
Ben Bella and his associates were responsible for developing a system of bases and routes for providing the
586:
487:
120:
4163:
3812:
3555:
998:
In addition to political resistance, Ben Bella faced religious opposition. The Association of the Algerian
525:
and criticized the domination of French cultural influence over Algeria. During this period, he joined the
52:
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4168:
3797:
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479:
471:
351:
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4013:
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2352:
Kang, Mani Singh, "The Legacy of the Revolutionary Algerian Statesman Ahmed Ben Bella (1916 – 2012)", on
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invasion in 1940. He was demobilised after the fall of France, but joined a Free French regiment of
474:. He encountered political conflict during his presidency, and was faced with border clashes in the
5433:
5279:
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428:
158:
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3734:
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3636:
3445:
2406:
Evans, Martin; Phillips, John, The anger of the dispossessed, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 76.
2343:
Evans, Martin; Phillips, John, The anger of the dispossessed, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 75.
5284:
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859:. Boumédiènne marched his supporter troops to Algiers and Ben Bella seized power on 4 August in
838:
3480:
2107:
1475:
Villa avec piscine au Club des Pins II pour Ahmed Ben Bella|DNA - Dernières nouvelles d'Algérie
945:
under Ben Bella's regime, and he forged links with such African leaders as Gamal Abdel Nasser,
822:
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4935:
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4765:
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104:
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2201:
1381:
1331:
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1082:
1056:
980:
669:
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507:
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anti-colonial struggle and was seen by many Arab intellectuals as one of the last original
995:
region, and by the summer of 1964 the revolt was controlled and FFS leaders were arrested.
703:
482:
against his regime in 1963–1964. He was ousted from power and put under house arrest after
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in 1954, Ben Bella was based in Cairo, where he had become one of the nine members of the
590:
554:
503:
390:
382:
5038:
4218:
4198:
1856:
Sultan Galiev: Le père de la révolution tiers-mondiste, Benningsen Alexandre, pg.277-278
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2639:"North Africa: Regional Leaders Gather to Attend Funeral of Algeria's First President"
738:. Ben Bella was also accused of not providing enough money and weapons for the cause.
419:, organizing the shipment of foreign weapons and coordinating political strategy from
396:; 25 December 1916 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian politician, soldier and socialist
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in June 1965 while he was planning to host an Afro-Asian international meeting, in a
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in 1962, and released on 5 July. His arrest earlier had led to the resignation of
734:, Ben Bella's rejection of the charter was due to the fact that it was drafted by
2638:
1819:
1046:
at its Cairo Conference. He described himself numerous times in interviews as an
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304:
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2830:
The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955–1957
1918:
Ottaway, Professor Marina; Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (15 December 1970).
1866:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Jr, Professor Henry Louis Gates (2 February 2012).
1456:
Ottaway, Professor Marina; Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (15 December 1970).
462:. He nationalized several industries and established good relations with other
17:
4825:
4742:
4737:
4666:
4008:
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Ahmed Ben Bella, Revolutionary Who Led Algeria After Independence, Dies at 93
1737:
1568:
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1992:
Multiculturalism and Democracy in North Africa: Aftermath of the Arab Spring
1320:
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of a "mild and peace-loving flavour". Despite his former establishment of a
901:
794:
746:
542:
459:
5249:
4958:
4423:
3095:
2907:
2365:
Gleijeses, Piero, "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961-65", in
1620:"Ben Bella profile on om-passion, unofficial Olympique de Marseille site"
1047:
1027:
969:
916:
605:
475:
2572:"Tunisian president, Mauritanian PM in Algeria for funeral of Ben Bella"
2130:
1557:"Ahmed Ben Bella, First President of an Independent Algeria, Dies at 93"
4373:
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1229:
992:
908:
764:
649:
514:
499:
232:
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1948:
The First Helicopter War: Logistics and Mobility in Algeria, 1954-1962
1779:
Modern Conflict in the Greater Middle East: A Country-by-Country Guide
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in 1939–1940. His only appearance for the club was in a game against
923:
several industries and calling for socialization of the economy and
4454:
5053:
999:
891:
president of the country, unopposed and with an immense majority.
866:
As prime minister, Ben Bella arranged to legalize the seizures of
837:
821:
804:
Due to Pakistan's support for the FLN, Ben Bella had been given a
673:
657:
597:, the highest decoration of the Free French forces, directly from
490:
in 1965. He was freed from house arrest in 1980 and died in 2012.
420:
3581:
1678:"Saïd Amara: "C'était un joueur élégant, technique et efficace""
790:
617:
First organization for uprising against French regime in Algeria
575:
4458:
3366:
3157:
3009:
2698:"Report From London: Review Of Events Leading To The Signing …"
2239:
Chin, John J.; Wright, Joseph George; Carter, David B. (2022).
2070:
To the Mountains: My Life in Jihad, from Algeria to Afghanistan
793:
revolutionaries of the time, he came to describe himself as a "
498:
Ahmed Ben Bella was born on 25 December 1916 in the commune of
404:
from 27 September 1962 to 15 September 1963 and then the first
3912:
2975:
as Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
1495:"AFP: Algeria's first president 'in good health': daughter"
2599:
2597:
1085:(former President of the Constitutional Court of Benin).
676:
by 1952 where he was granted sanctuary by the president
2356:, American Educational Trust, Washington, 2012, pg. 43.
1521:"Mort de Ben Bella, héros de l'indépendance algérienne"
771:
on which he was flying. He was kept prisoner until the
2481:"Algeria's first president 'in good health': daughter"
2186:
2184:
1112:
Heads of state and government present at state funeral
887:
was approved and, on 15 September 1963, Ben Bella was
660:
jail. In captivity, he was exposed to the writings of
439:, and Ben Bella became prime minister of Algeria with
5464:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
5207:
5164:
5132:
4944:
4756:
4725:
4528:
4492:
4367:
4027:
3911:
3564:
3398:
2832:. New York: Enigma Books, 2010. 978-1-929631-30-8.
2314:, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999)
1081:(Chair of South Africa's Electoral Commission) and
478:with Morocco in 1963 and a failed rebellion by the
345:
319:
314:
300:
273:
265:
239:
222:
199:
194:
166:
151:
133:
113:
85:
66:
34:
5429:Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria)
5064:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2898:BritanicaAcademic Ahmed Ben Bella, by Robert Merle
2216:. United Press International, Inc. 12 April 2012.
1700:"Jubilé Cherfaoui Ali à Maghnia Un hommage mérité"
987:. Ahmed founded the Front des Forces Socialistes (
2934:as President of the National Constituent Assembly
1920:"Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution"
1622:. Om-passion.com. 24 October 2011. Archived from
1458:"Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution"
1073:(former president of São Tomé and Príncipe), Dr.
1044:International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq
855:notably within the armed forces, whose chief was
2516:"Algeria's first president Ahmed Ben Bella dies"
1042:In 2003, Ben Bella was elected president of the
5439:National Liberation Front (Algeria) politicians
2546:"Algerian founding father Ben Bella dead at 95"
574:after manning an anti-aircraft post during the
537:Ben Bella first volunteered for service in the
2888:Che Guevara, Cuba, And The Algerian Revolution
411:Ben Bella played an important role during the
147:27 September 1962 – 15 September 1963
5504:Recipients of the Médaille militaire (France)
5409:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
5094:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
4541:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
4470:
3378:
3169:
3021:
2727:The Presidency - National Orders Booklet 2004
2200: (archived 31 December 2008), article by
1821:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism
1550:
1548:
1546:
756:Ben Bella (far left) after his arrest by the
8:
2354:The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
2242:Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D'etat
1645:Ben Bella, un président buteur s'est éteint…
1104:on 13 April. Algeria declared eight days of
292:
2444:
2442:
2214:"Algeria mourns former president Ben Bella"
1951:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 164.
1077:(former Secretary-General of the OAU), Dr.
689:Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action
458:policies and came to describe himself as a
364:*Club domestic league appearances and goals
4477:
4463:
4455:
3385:
3371:
3363:
3176:
3162:
3154:
3028:
3014:
3006:
2916:
2605:"Algeria mourns first president Ben Bella"
2397:, warheroes.ru. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
1824:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 51.
1115:
972:against Morocco. He was awarded the title
957:to aid rebel movements throughout Africa.
329:
291:
51:
31:
466:Arab states and left-wing states such as
81:15 September 1963 – 19 June 1965
5174:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
5104:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
5069:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
2958:as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council
2031:A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962
1813:
1811:
1664:Olympique de Marseille, saison 1939-1940
960:He also established good relations with
751:
702:
568:, he was decorated twice, receiving the
408:from 15 September 1963 to 19 June 1965.
5049:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
5034:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
2073:. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
1448:
1032:Mouvement pour la Démocratie en Algérie
258: 1971; died 2008)
5499:Recipients of the Darjah Utama Temasek
5469:Men's association football midfielders
5044:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
4139:Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
2736:
2734:
2618:from the original on 24 September 2018
2419:, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 77.
2173:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2166:
1702:(in French). Vitaminedz. 26 May 2007.
1359:Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
638:and his party, he helped to found the
27:President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965
5404:French Army personnel of World War II
2872:Ben Bella's biography from rulers.org
2652:from the original on 20 December 2013
2493:from the original on 24 February 2012
2067:Anas, Abdullah; Hussein, Tam (2019).
1984:
1982:
1980:
1575:from the original on 20 December 2016
871:was in hands of the big landowners".
648:. He was in charge of organizing the
7:
2752:from the original on 1 February 2024
2678:from the original on 1 February 2024
2316:Elections in Africa: A data handbook
1776:Tucker, Spencer C. (17 April 2017).
1555:Gregory, Joseph R. (11 April 2012).
1531:from the original on 11 January 2023
767:by French military authorities, who
763:In October 1956, he was arrested in
337:
5379:Algerian people of Moroccan descent
5084:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
4069:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
2106:Siddiqi, Shibil (22 January 2011).
1062:He was also the chairperson of the
386:
5399:Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union
5024:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
4546:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2798:"Potpisana zajednička deklaracija"
2742:"The New York Times – May 7, 1964"
2552:from the original on 12 April 2012
2526:from the original on 11 April 2012
2259:from the original on 26 April 2023
2118:from the original on 8 August 2020
2087:from the original on 29 March 2023
2009:from the original on 26 April 2023
1922:. University of California Press.
1886:from the original on 26 April 2023
1706:from the original on 24 March 2012
1497:. 23 February 2012. Archived from
1100:on 12 April before the funeral at
25:
5494:20th-century Algerian politicians
5474:Algerian sportsperson-politicians
5374:Algerian people imprisoned abroad
5354:Algerian emigrants to Switzerland
5089:Palestine Liberation Organization
3456:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
2894:, Vol. 62 / no 4, 2 February 1998
2808:from the original on 27 July 2023
2449:Joffe, Lawrence (11 April 2012).
2368:Journal of Latin American Studies
2220:from the original on 2 April 2019
2048:from the original on 9 April 2023
2028:Horne, Alistair (9 August 2012).
1965:from the original on 9 April 2023
1796:from the original on 9 April 2023
726:Ben Bella felt excluded from the
447:with 99.6 per cent of the votes.
5454:Naturalised citizens of Pakistan
5384:Algerian prisoners and detainees
5303:
5302:
5029:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
4712:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
4079:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
3341:
3125:
2884:– on the coup against Ben Bella.
2856:
2842:
2778:from the original on 2 June 2020
2708:from the original on 21 May 2024
2461:from the original on 8 June 2019
1926:from the original on 21 May 2024
1838:from the original on 21 May 2024
1744:from the original on 3 July 2012
1429:
1416:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1367:
1353:
1340:
1326:
1313:
1299:
1286:
1272:
1261:
1248:
1235:
1222:
1194:
1173:
1152:
1131:
1089:Illness, death and state funeral
1030:, Switzerland, and launched the
545:, he played center midfield for
5479:20th-century Algerian sportsmen
5414:Algerian independence activists
4672:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
2637:Hend Hassassi (13 April 2012).
2578:. 13 April 2012. Archived from
2415:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John,
2375:, Vol 28, No. 1, February 1996.
2294:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John,
1869:Dictionary of African Biography
630:the Socialist Governor-General
255:
5444:Olympique de Marseille players
5114:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
4876:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
3141:
2548:. Al Jazeera. 4 October 2011.
2194:Promoting Principled Positions
2191:Promoting Principled Positions
1989:Ennaji, Moha (16 April 2014).
1462:University of California Press
1021:House arrest and later freedom
1:
4159:François Louis Alfred Durrieu
4094:Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
2772:"Toledo Blade – Apr 30, 1964"
2417:The anger of the dispossessed
2296:The anger of the dispossessed
806:Pakistani diplomatic passport
712:vice president of Algeria in
693:Front de Liberation Nationale
402:head of government of Algeria
5349:Algerian emigrants to France
5059:Federation of Arab Republics
5019:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
5009:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
4610:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
4558:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
4349:Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
4149:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
4144:Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
4114:Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
3393:Historical rulers of Algeria
2998:Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
2285:, issue 3 June 2009, pg. 433
2245:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2112:The Express Tribune, Karachi
1945:Shrader, Charles R. (1999).
1908:, Edició de Materials, 1965.
1818:Olson, James Stuart (1991).
1527:(in French). 11 April 2012.
1145:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
1013:led by his defense minister
415:against France, leading the
413:Algerian war of independence
181:Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
5184:Flag of the Arab Federation
5014:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
5004:Arab Socialist Action Party
4059:Anne Jean Marie René Savary
3491:Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
2828:Aussaresses, General Paul,
1766:, Edició de Materials, 1965
1684:(in French). Archived from
486:by his Minister of Defense
391:
295:Association football career
5520:
5459:Vice presidents of Algeria
5364:Algerian men's footballers
5344:Algerian Arab nationalists
5155:On the Way of Resurrection
5148:The Battle for One Destiny
5079:Lebanese National Movement
4520:Third International Theory
3185:Prime ministers of Algeria
2804:(5928): 1. 13 March 1964.
2451:"Ahmed Ben Bella obituary"
2373:Cambridge University Press
2108:"Middle East on the march"
1435:Order of the Yugoslav Star
817:
508:mayhem of the Nazi victory
468:Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt
5298:
5109:Unified Political Command
4999:Arab Nationalist Movement
4896:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
4692:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
4563:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
4284:Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
4124:Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
3868:Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
3350:
3339:
3196:
3134:
3123:
3048:
2989:
2983:Prime Minister of Algeria
2980:
2965:
2948:
2939:
2924:
2919:
1995:. Routledge. p. 63.
1934:– via Google Books.
1464:– via Google Books.
1306:Order of Ouissam Alaouite
646:National Liberation Front
623:Sétif and Guelma massacre
372:
363:
303:
290:
190:
140:
135:Prime Minister of Algeria
74:
62:
50:
41:
5424:Leaders ousted by a coup
5389:Algerian revolutionaries
4617:1952 Egyptian revolution
4274:Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
3878:Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
2202:Senator Mushahid Hussain
1872:. OUP USA. p. 430.
1782:. ABC-CLIO. p. 26.
1386:Hero of the Soviet Union
974:Hero of the Soviet Union
721:National Liberation Army
533:Service with French Army
42:
5270:Palestinian nationalism
5189:Flag of the Arab Revolt
4682:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4662:1963 Syrian coup d'état
4642:1961 Syrian coup d'état
4299:Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
3496:Said I bin Abu Tashufin
1241:National Order of Merit
683:At the outbreak of the
587:Battle of Monte Cassino
245:Zohra Michelle Sellami
57:Official portrait, 1963
4697:1969 Libyan revolution
4575:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
4314:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
4189:Louis Henri de Gueydon
4109:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
3725:Muhammad II the eunuch
1669:28 August 2017 at the
989:Socialist Forces Front
851:
835:
818:Ben Bella's government
760:
708:
632:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
547:Olympique de Marseille
480:Socialist Forces Front
433:provisional government
5329:Presidents of Algeria
5255:Jordanian nationalism
4989:Arab Islamic Republic
4984:Arab Higher Committee
4861:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
4841:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
4652:North Yemen civil war
4585:Arab–Israeli conflict
4414:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
4164:Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
4099:Marie Alphonse Bedeau
4089:Thomas Robert Bugeaud
4084:Sylvain Charles Valée
3556:Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
3085:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
3037:Presidents of Algeria
2300:Yale University Press
1595:"Britannica Academic"
841:
825:
813:Algerian independence
779:, who was opposed to
755:
706:
641:Organisation Spéciale
161:as Head of Government
126:Revolutionary Council
5290:Tunisian nationalism
5260:Lebanese nationalism
5220:Egyptian nationalism
5215:Algerian nationalism
5119:United Arab Republic
4994:Arab Liberation Army
4974:Arab Ba'ath Movement
4831:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
4444:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
4434:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
4169:Henri-Gabriel Didier
4134:Jacques Louis Randon
4044:Louis-Auguste-Victor
3798:Mahmud Bursali Pacha
3587:Hayreddin Barbarossa
3416:Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
3117:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
3106:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
2942:President of Algeria
2890:by Ahmed ben Bella,
2877:Profile of the ruler
2489:. 23 February 2012.
2393:20 July 2017 at the
1650:28 June 2012 at the
1481:29 June 2012 at the
1304:Grand Cordon of the
943:Non-Aligned Movement
527:nationalist movement
406:president of Algeria
69:President of Algeria
5449:People from Maghnia
5419:IRB Maghnia players
5394:Algerian socialists
5280:Sahrawi nationalism
4637:1959 Mosul uprising
4570:Great Syrian Revolt
4439:Abdelkader Bensalah
4374:Republic of Algeria
4294:Yves-Charles Chatel
4154:Patrice de MacMahon
4014:Muhammad VI ben Ali
3690:Mami Muhammad Pasha
3111:Abdelkader Bensalah
2969:Benyoucef Benkhedda
2882:BBC on 20 June 1965
2582:on 30 December 2013
2522:. 10 January 2012.
2155:on 27 February 2015
2135:9 June 2013 at the
1730:The Daily Telegraph
1477:. Dna-algerie.com.
1166:Abdelilah Benkirane
1005:His government was
911:Yugoslavian leader
850:and Ben Bella, 1963
714:Benyoucef Benkhedda
612:Before independence
472:Fidel Castro's Cuba
429:Benyoucef Benkhedda
297:
159:Benyoucef Benkhedda
123:as Chairman of the
5484:Algerian Islamists
5285:Syrian nationalism
5265:Libyan nationalism
5225:Greater Mauritania
5141:The Arab Awakening
5124:United Arab States
5099:Rejectionist Front
4906:Gamal Abdel Nasser
4717:Yemeni unification
4707:Lebanese Civil War
4687:17 July Revolution
4657:Ramadan Revolution
4632:14 July Revolution
4384:Abderrahmane Farès
4249:Jean-Baptiste Abel
4224:Édouard Laferrière
4179:Romuald Vuillermoz
3999:Mohammed Khaznadji
3740:Köse Mustafa Pacha
3705:Hadji Shaban Pasha
3572:Regency of Algiers
3441:Abu Said Uthman II
3406:Kingdom of Tlemcen
3053:Abderrahmane Farès
2994:Title next held by
2920:Political offices
2802:Slobodna Dalmacija
2746:The New York Times
2646:(Tunisia-live.net)
2576:Xinhua News Agency
2432:The New York Times
2279:Diplomatic History
1688:on 1 January 2014.
1626:on 9 February 2009
1561:The New York Times
1501:on 25 January 2013
1278:Médaille militaire
976:on 30 April 1964.
857:Houari Boumédiènne
852:
842:Egypt's President
836:
769:hijacked the plane
761:
728:Soummam conference
709:
678:Gamal Abdel Nasser
595:Médaille militaire
450:Ben Bella pursued
427:seized power from
400:who served as the
5489:Muslim socialists
5359:Algerian escapees
5316:
5315:
5245:Iraqi nationalism
4936:Constantin Zureiq
4786:Abdul Rahman Arif
4766:Butrus al-Bustani
4452:
4451:
4399:Houari Boumédiène
4359:Christian Fouchet
4324:Jacques Soustelle
4264:Maurice Viollette
4174:Charles de Bouzet
4129:Aimable Pélissier
4054:Pierre Berthezène
3919:Deylik of Algiers
3770:Mustafa III Pasha
3750:Mustapha IV Pasha
3730:Mustapha II Pasha
3715:Daly Hassan Pasha
3652:Ahmad Pasha Qabia
3627:Mehmed Tekkelerli
3622:Muhammad Kurdogli
3566:Ottoman governors
3511:Abu Abbas Ahmad I
3451:Abu Hammu II Musa
3421:Abu Said Uthman I
3360:
3359:
3151:
3150:
3068:Houari Boumédiène
3004:
3003:
2978:
2961:
2952:Houari Boumédiène
2949:Succeeded by
2937:
2614:. 12 April 2012.
2252:978-1-5381-2068-2
2080:978-1-78738-011-0
2041:978-1-4472-3343-5
2034:. Pan Macmillan.
2002:978-1-317-81362-0
1958:978-0-275-96388-0
1879:978-0-19-538207-5
1831:978-0-313-26257-9
1789:978-1-4408-4361-7
1732:. 12 April 2012.
1726:"Ahmed Ben Bella"
1408:Lenin Peace Prize
1216:Awards and honors
1213:
1212:
1187:Mohamed Abdelaziz
1106:national mourning
1067:Panel of the Wise
1057:Arab nationalists
1015:Houari Boumédiène
846:, with Tunisia's
599:Charles de Gaulle
593:and received the
488:Houari Boumédiéne
376:
375:
368:
367:
121:Houari Boumédiène
101:Houari Boumédiène
16:(Redirected from
5511:
5369:Algerian Muslims
5306:
5305:
5179:Eagle of Saladin
4886:Amin al-Husseini
4851:Faisal I of Iraq
4821:Sultan al-Atrash
4816:Mansur al-Atrash
4791:Abdul Salam Arif
4600:War of Attrition
4486:Arab nationalism
4479:
4472:
4465:
4456:
4409:Chadli Bendjedid
4309:Yves Chataigneau
4074:Bertrand Clauzel
4064:Théophile Voirol
4049:Bertrand Clauzel
3858:Hadj Mohamed Dey
3818:Buzenak-Muhammad
3760:Kassan Kaid Koça
3695:Dali Ahmed Pasha
3680:Hassan Veneziano
3670:Arab Ahmed Pasha
3642:Hasan Khüsro Aga
3521:Abu Tashufin III
3516:Abu Abdallah III
3471:Abul Hadjdjadj I
3387:
3380:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3345:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3129:
3080:Chadli Bendjedid
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
2972:
2966:Preceded by
2955:
2931:
2925:Preceded by
2917:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2850:Biography portal
2847:
2846:
2845:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2738:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2148:. Archived from
2147:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1915:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1661:
1655:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1433:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1332:Order of Temasek
1330:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1303:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1276:
1265:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1180:Sahrawi Republic
1179:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1116:
1102:El Alia Cemetery
1083:Elisabeth Pognon
985:Hocine Aït Ahmed
981:Mohammed Boudiaf
885:the constitution
691:that headed the
566:Second World War
394:
392:Aḥmad bin Billah
388:
348:
339:
331:
298:
259:
257:
229:
210:25 December 1916
209:
207:
195:Personal details
176:Office abolished
169:
154:
145:
128:
116:
90:
79:
55:
45:
32:
21:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5508:
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5294:
5230:Greater Morocco
5203:
5199:Pan-Arab colors
5194:Hawk of Quraish
5160:
5128:
4979:Arab Federation
4940:
4926:Abdullah Rimawi
4901:Mostéfa Merarda
4856:Muammar Gaddafi
4836:Ahmed Ben Bella
4811:Jamal al-Atassi
4801:Bashar al-Assad
4752:
4721:
4702:Black September
4580:Anglo-Iraqi War
4524:
4488:
4483:
4453:
4448:
4429:Liamine Zéroual
4419:Mohamed Boudiaf
4394:Ahmed Ben Bella
4376:
4372:
4363:
4329:Georges Catroux
4304:Georges Catroux
4279:Georges le Beau
4239:Maurice Varnier
4229:Charles Jonnart
4104:Henri d'Orleans
4036:
4031:
4023:
3944:Mohammed Arslan
3921:
3916:
3907:
3898:Mohamed Bektach
3808:Yusuf III Pasha
3755:Soliman Katanya
3647:Ahmed Bostandji
3582:Aruj Barbarossa
3574:
3569:
3560:
3546:Abu Abdallah VI
3526:Abu Abdallah IV
3506:Abu Abdallah II
3461:Abu Tashufin II
3408:
3403:
3400:Zayyanid rulers
3394:
3391:
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3337:
3328:Benabderrahmane
3206:vacant, 1963–79
3192:
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3101:Liamine Zéroual
3091:Mohamed Boudiaf
3063:Ahmed Ben Bella
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2864:Politics portal
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1208:Moncef Marzouki
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1071:Miguel Trovoada
1052:one-party state
1040:
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913:Josip Broz Tito
876:Mohammed Khider
826:Ben Bella with
820:
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591:warrant officer
571:Croix de Guerre
555:Coupe de France
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504:First World War
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379:Ahmed Ben Bella
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5208:Related topics
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5074:Islamic Legion
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4964:Al-Mourabitoun
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4931:Hamdeen Sabahi
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4911:Adnan Pachachi
4908:
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4881:Saddam Hussein
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4871:Sati' al-Husri
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4605:Yom Kippur War
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4500:Arab socialism
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4377:(1962–present)
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4334:Robert Lacoste
4331:
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4289:Maxime Weygand
4286:
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4254:Théodore Steeg
4251:
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4244:Charles Lutaud
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4034:French Algeria
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3823:Ahmed II Pasha
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3788:Yusuf II Pasha
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3607:Khalifa Saffah
3604:
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3559:
3558:
3553:
3551:Abu Zayyan III
3548:
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3531:Abu Abdallah V
3528:
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3486:Abu Abdallah I
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3436:Abu Tashufin I
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2836:External links
2834:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2789:
2763:
2748:. 7 May 1964.
2730:
2719:
2702:www.nas.gov.sg
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2486:The Daily Star
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2020:
2001:
1976:
1957:
1937:
1910:
1904:Robert Merle,
1897:
1878:
1858:
1849:
1830:
1807:
1788:
1768:
1762:Robert Merle,
1755:
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1691:
1673:. Om4ever.com.
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1397:Order of Lenin
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1141:Prime Minister
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1123:
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1075:Salim A. Salim
1039:
1036:
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1019:
1011:bloodless coup
819:
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534:
531:
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492:
452:Arab socialist
435:after a short
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315:Senior career*
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5240:Greater Yemen
5238:
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5235:Greater Syria
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4946:Organizations
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4909:
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4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
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4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:George Habash
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
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4849:
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4846:Izzat Darwaza
4844:
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4782:
4781:Yasser Arafat
4779:
4777:
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4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4758:Personalities
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Arab identity
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Arab Cold War
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:Roger Léonard
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Pierre Bordes
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Hussein Kodja
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:Ahmed Sharban
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:Ibrahim Pasha
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Ahmed I Pasha
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Hassan Khodja
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Khüsrev Pacha
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Soliman Pasha
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Uluç Ali Reis
3660:
3658:
3657:Muhamad Pasha
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:Yusuf I Pasha
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Abu Hammu III
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Abu Zayyan II
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:Abu Thabid II
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2909:
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2901:
2899:
2896:
2893:
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2859:
2854:
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2799:
2793:
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2767:
2764:
2751:
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2720:
2707:
2703:
2699:
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2647:
2645:
2640:
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2606:
2600:
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2577:
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2567:
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2511:
2508:
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2400:
2396:
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2370:
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2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:0-19-829645-2
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:Dieter Nohlen
2308:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2248:
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2232:
2219:
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2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
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2187:
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2176:
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2144:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2117:
2113:
2109:
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2099:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1938:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1823:
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1814:
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1795:
1791:
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1721:
1718:
1705:
1701:
1695:
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1687:
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1679:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1641:
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1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
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1543:
1530:
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1522:
1516:
1513:
1500:
1496:
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1476:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1452:
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1443:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:African Union
1060:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:Kwame Nkrumah
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
926:
922:
921:nationalizing
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
898:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
872:
869:
864:
862:
861:a coup d'état
858:
849:
845:
840:
833:
829:
824:
812:
810:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
787:
784:
782:
778:
774:
773:Evian accords
770:
766:
759:
754:
750:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
732:Abane Ramdane
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
705:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Sultan-Galiev
659:
653:
651:
647:
643:
642:
637:
633:
627:
624:
616:
611:
609:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
577:
573:
572:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
493:
491:
489:
485:
484:a coup d'état
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
398:revolutionary
395:
393:
384:
380:
371:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
344:
341:
334:
332:
327:
325:
322:
318:
313:
310:
306:
299:
289:
282:
279:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
242:
238:
234:
226:11 April 2012
225:
221:
218:
214:
202:
198:
193:
189:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
171:
165:
162:
160:
156:
150:
144:
139:
136:
132:
129:
127:
122:
118:
112:
106:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
92:
89:
84:
78:
73:
70:
65:
61:
54:
49:
40:
33:
30:
19:
5275:Pan-Islamism
5153:
5146:
5139:
5039:Ba'ath Party
4916:Ameen Rihani
4835:
4776:Jassem Alwan
4771:Michel Aflaq
4627:Algerian War
4553:Iraqi Revolt
4393:
4389:Ferhat Abbas
4339:André Mutter
4259:Henri Dubief
4219:Louis Lépine
4214:Auguste Loze
4209:Jules Cambon
4204:Louis Tirman
4199:Albert Grévy
4119:Viala Charon
3934:Muhammad III
3903:Deli Ibrahim
3833:Ismail Pasha
3735:Rizvan Pasha
3685:Djafar Pasha
3675:Ramdan Pasha
3666:Mehmet Pasha
3637:Yahyia Pasha
3446:Abu Thabid I
3426:Abu Zayyan I
3205:
3200:
3062:
3058:Ferhat Abbas
2996:
2990:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2957:
2956:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2928:Ferhat Abbas
2892:The Militant
2891:
2829:
2827:
2810:. Retrieved
2801:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2745:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2642:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2608:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:the original
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2502:
2495:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2455:The Guardian
2454:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2385:(in Russian)
2380:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2315:
2307:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2241:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2208:
2157:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2069:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2030:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
1991:
1967:. Retrieved
1947:
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1913:
1905:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1868:
1861:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1820:
1798:. Retrieved
1778:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1729:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1694:
1686:the original
1681:
1659:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1579:15 September
1577:. Retrieved
1560:
1533:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:the original
1489:
1470:
1451:
1375:Soviet Union
1348:South Africa
1098:lay in state
1095:
1092:
1079:Brigalia Bam
1061:
1041:
1024:
1004:
997:
978:
962:Fidel Castro
959:
951:Modibo Keita
935:Soviet Union
932:
929:
906:
893:
880:Ferhat Abbas
873:
865:
853:
834:, Cuba, 1962
828:Fidel Castro
803:
788:
785:
777:Alain Savary
762:
740:
725:
718:
716:'s cabinet.
710:
699:Algerian War
692:
685:Algerian War
682:
668:and then to
654:
639:
636:Messali Hadj
628:
620:
603:
581:
569:
563:
536:
512:
497:
464:anti-Zionist
449:
441:Ferhat Abbas
410:
389:
387:أحمد بن بلّة
378:
377:
335:
328:
323:
228:(2012-04-11)
175:
168:Succeeded by
157:
142:
119:
115:Succeeded by
76:
44:أحمد بن بلّة
29:
5339:2012 deaths
5334:1916 births
4969:Arab Ba'ath
4891:Salah Jadid
4748:Arabization
4595:Six-Day War
4590:Suez Crisis
4536:Arab Revolt
4515:Pan-Arabism
4404:Rabah Bitat
4344:Raoul Salan
4234:Paul Révoil
4037:(1830–1962)
4019:Hussein Dey
3979:Mustapha II
3974:Sidi Hassan
3959:Muhammad IV
3949:Ibrahim III
3922:(1710–1830)
3863:Baba Hassan
3843:Ramadan Aga
3813:Murad Pasha
3793:Ali Bitchin
3779:Murat Pasha
3765:Hizir Pasha
3700:Hızır Pasha
3617:Hasan Corso
3602:Hasan Pasha
3597:Hadji Pasha
3575:(1517–1710)
3501:Abu Malek I
3431:Abu Hammu I
3409:(1235–1556)
3074:Rabah Bitat
2908:Appearances
2712:22 December
2656:20 December
2622:20 December
2586:20 December
2497:23 February
2302:, 2008, 74.
2263:23 November
2224:14 December
1930:15 December
1525:Le Monde.fr
966:Che Guevara
955:Sekou Toure
939:Third World
925:Arabization
897:egalitarian
868:autogestion
832:Che Guevara
799:Suez Crisis
758:French army
672:, reaching
582:tirailleurs
559:IRB Maghnia
539:French Army
523:colonialism
519:imperialism
456:Pan-Arabist
445:an election
425:Oujda Group
305:center back
301:Position(s)
153:Preceded by
97:Rabah Bitat
5434:Nasserists
5323:Categories
5133:Literature
4826:Tariq Aziz
4743:Arab world
4738:Arab Union
4667:Dhofar War
4369:Presidents
4354:Jean Morin
3969:Muhammad V
3954:Ibrahim IV
3939:Abdy Pasha
3848:Shaban Aga
3838:Khalil Aga
3612:Salah Rais
3592:Hasan Agha
3541:Abu Muh II
3236:Abdessalam
3211:Abdelghani
2987:1962–1963
2946:1963–1965
2812:1 February
2782:1 February
2756:1 February
2682:1 February
2610:Daily Star
2465:9 February
1748:9 February
1682:Algerie360
1604:9 February
1444:References
1424:Yugoslavia
1138:Mauritania
1125:Dignitary
1038:Later life
1007:overthrown
904:rhetoric.
789:Like many
781:Guy Mollet
621:After the
551:FC Antibes
494:Early life
309:midfielder
283:footballer
280:Politician
274:Occupation
206:1916-12-25
5166:Symbolism
4510:Nasserism
4505:Ba'athism
4029:Governors
4004:Omar Agha
3481:Abu Muh I
3317:Boukadoum
3276:Belkhadem
3261:Benbitour
3226:Hamrouche
3201:Ben Bella
2644:AllAfrica
2388:Biography
2281:, volume
1738:0307-1235
1654:. OM.net.
1569:0362-4331
1321:Singapore
1204:President
1183:President
902:socialist
848:Bourguiba
795:Nasserist
747:pied noir
580:Moroccan
543:Marseille
460:Nasserist
352:Marseille
347:1939-1940
235:, Algeria
143:In office
77:In office
5308:Category
5250:Islamism
4959:Al-Fatat
4726:Concepts
4493:Ideology
4424:Ali Kafi
3984:Ahmed II
3745:Hasan IV
3333:Larbaoui
3302:Tebboune
3145:military
3096:Ali Kafi
2806:Archived
2776:Archived
2750:Archived
2706:Archived
2676:Archived
2650:Archived
2616:Archived
2556:12 April
2550:Archived
2530:12 April
2524:Archived
2520:BBC News
2491:Archived
2459:Archived
2391:Archived
2257:Archived
2218:Archived
2169:cite web
2159:12 April
2133:Archived
2122:12 April
2116:Archived
2091:29 March
2085:Archived
2046:Archived
2007:Archived
1963:Archived
1924:Archived
1884:Archived
1836:Archived
1794:Archived
1742:Archived
1710:12 April
1704:Archived
1667:Archived
1648:Archived
1630:12 April
1573:Archived
1529:Archived
1505:12 April
1479:Archived
1119:Country
1048:Islamist
1028:Lausanne
970:Sand War
917:literacy
476:Sand War
266:Children
67:1st
4954:Al-Awda
4529:History
4371:of the
3989:Ali III
3853:Ali Aga
3307:Ouyahia
3281:Ouyahia
3271:Ouyahia
3266:Benflis
3256:Hamdani
3251:Ouyahia
3231:Ghozali
3216:Brahimi
3138:interim
2196:at the
2052:4 April
2013:4 April
1969:4 April
1890:4 April
1842:4 April
1800:4 April
1294:Morocco
1230:Algeria
1201:Tunisia
1159:Morocco
993:Kabylia
909:Marxist
889:elected
765:Algiers
743:Tripoli
736:Kabyles
666:Tunisia
650:wilayas
553:in the
515:Tlemcen
500:Maghnia
260:
252:
248:
233:Algiers
213:Maghnia
3994:Ali IV
3964:Ali II
3354:acting
3323:Djerad
3312:Bedoui
3297:Sellal
3291:Yousfi
3286:Sellal
3221:Merbah
2991:Vacant
2912:C-SPAN
2322:
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1361:(2004)
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1318:
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1280:(1944)
1269:(1940)
1256:France
1253:
1227:
1199:
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1157:
1136:
1122:Title
919:, and
844:Nasser
437:crisis
383:Arabic
240:Spouse
183:(1979)
5054:Fatah
4009:Ali V
3929:Ali I
3241:Malek
2612:(AFP)
2153:(PDF)
2146:(PDF)
1535:1 May
1000:Ulema
674:Cairo
670:Egypt
658:Blida
606:Sétif
421:Cairo
320:Years
254:(
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3917:the
3913:Deys
3570:the
3404:the
3246:Sifi
3189:list
3041:list
2814:2024
2784:2024
2758:2024
2714:2021
2684:2024
2658:2013
2624:2013
2588:2013
2558:2012
2532:2012
2499:2012
2467:2018
2320:ISBN
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2247:ISBN
2226:2022
2175:link
2161:2012
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2075:ISBN
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2015:2023
1997:ISBN
1971:2023
1953:ISBN
1932:2019
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1784:ISBN
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1734:ISSN
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