632:
He lived a quiet life for the rest of his days, running a pharmacy in Hydra, Algiers. After a long illness, Benyoucef
Benkhedda died in his home in Algiers on February 4, 2003. A large crowd turned out for his funeral and he was buried at Sidi Yahia cemetery next to long-time companion
535:
was proclaimed the day before France officially recognised the national integrity of
Algeria. He was welcomed as the country's leader by a jubilant Algerian population on July 3, 1962, the day that independence was recognised officially by France.
609:, who had succeeded Chadli promulgated a law prohibiting the use of the word "Islam" by the parties under penalty of dissolution. 'El Oumma' dissolved, unsuccessful, in 1997. At the same time he founded the 'Tadhamoune' with
1129:
390:
571:
He wrote probably the most authoritative and accurate book about the twentieth century genesis of the
Algerian movement for independence. "Les Origines du 1er Novembre 1954", Editions Dahlab, 1989.
1134:
461:. He, Abane and Ben M'hidi comprised the political and military triumvirate which directed the revolutionary Autonomous Zone. Algiers had become the capital of the resistance.
548:, supported by the 'Frontier Army' and Ben Khedda was forced to stand down to avoid a "fratricidal bloodbath". In 1976 he, with three leaders of the war of liberation (
418:
1124:
450:
288:
55:
818:
501:
302:(1954–62). At the end of the war, he was briefly the de jure leader of the country, however he was quickly sidelined by more conservative figures.
834:
505:
1149:
996:
910:
857:
708:
694:
680:
659:
527:
On August 9, 1961 he was appointed the president of the provisional government and completed negotiations with France, which were started by
40:
725:
438:
295:
232:
565:
521:
492:. He went abroad in the name of the Liberation front and accomplished much for the organisation such as visiting the capitals of the
469:
1119:
933:
985:
434:
1139:
587:
449:
appointed him a member of the
Algerian National Revolutionary Council and the Committee of Action and Co-ordination of the
513:
425:
between 1951 and 1954. In
November 1954 he was arrested again and released in May 1955, due to the intervention of French
720:
484:
by use of the sewer system of
Algiers, fleeing the city after the capture of Ben M'hidi by paratroopers under Colonel
1043:
414:
374:
1035:
117:
1144:
568:). The four signatories were placed under house arrest and had their property seized. He was released in 1979.
339:
358:. "You are the knives which we sharpen against France!" was the oft repeated cry of the college headmaster.
815:
583:
446:
638:
524:, Benkhedda is described as an "important terrorist commander" and "intellectual of Marxist formation".
244:
1084:
929:"Beyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment"
140:
1114:
1109:
1074:
315:
201:
613:
553:
386:
740:
454:
557:
1016:
950:
787:
579:
561:
560:) signed a proclamation which set about to create a constitutional national assembly, elected by
761:
704:
690:
676:
655:
422:
942:
575:
489:
476:, which would become the national anthem of Algeria. He miraculously escaped capture by the
355:
291:
974:
1012:
839:
822:
606:
545:
398:
382:
280:
164:
110:
86:
82:
362:
874:
287:; February 23, 1920 – February 4, 2003) was an Algerian politician. He headed the third
621:
586:
and other friends from the liberation war. Its objective was the implementation of the
485:
351:
205:
464:
He and Abane were responsible for the creation of many projects such as the newspaper
1103:
954:
730:
517:
509:
481:
458:
442:
347:
78:
1067:
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402:
394:
378:
299:
152:
98:
39:
946:
928:
760:
Ottaway, Professor Marina; Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (December 15, 1970).
634:
602:
343:
311:
197:
532:
493:
426:
264:
254:
239:
405:
as part of the "unsubmissives of Blida". He was released eight months later.
430:
590:, that is: "The sovereign and democratic independent Algerian State within
369:
in 1943, and after an interruption of his studies, obtained his degree in
598:
544:
A crisis emerged later that month between the provisional government and
473:
370:
331:
323:
366:
221:
610:
497:
327:
389:
and many others. A year later he was arrested and detained by local
597:
The aim of 'El Oumma' was to work towards a coming together of the
591:
335:
319:
488:, Ben M'hidi was later killed while imprisoned by soldiers of
1044:"The Declaration of Benkhedda" at the time of the 1962 crisis
1130:
Movement for the
Triumph of Democratic Liberties politicians
1051:
1013:
New Laws
Affecting the Stakes and Fairness of the Elections
764:. University of California Press – via Google Books.
1036:
Algerian literature website, an interview with
Benkhedda
687:
Abane-Ben M'hidi, leur apport à la révolution algérienne
616:
with the aim of denouncing the state because of serious
365:, he entered the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of
986:
The
Permanent Mission of Algeria to the UN - History
377:(PPA) where he met pioneering nationalists such as
260:
250:
238:
228:
211:
184:
179:
158:
146:
134:
116:
104:
92:
72:
53:
21:
641:was later named in his honour. He had three sons.
1091:as President of the Provisional Executive Council
762:"Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution"
330:colonial school. He later attended the Ibn Rochd
413:He was a member of the central committee of the
1135:National Liberation Front (Algeria) politicians
605:parties for an Islamic society. The president,
451:Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
56:Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
508:as a delegate representing a sovereign state,
8:
808:
806:
804:
802:
673:L'Algérie à l'indépendance: la crise de 1962
1075:Head of the Algerian Provisional Government
338:where he met Algerian nationalists such as
1056:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
701:Alger, capitale de la résistance 1956-1957
582:, also in 1989 he created 'El Oumma' with
130:9 August 1961 – 27 September 1962
68:9 August 1961 – 27 September 1962
38:
18:
875:"The World at War - Algeria 1945 - 1957"
310:Benyoucef Benkhedda was born in 1920 in
752:
853:
851:
849:
506:1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
298:(FLN), acting as a leader during the
7:
1125:Algerian People's Party politicians
1052:Website of the Benkhedda Foundation
726:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
284:
628:Later life and popular recognition
522:Institute of Current World Affairs
14:
666:Les origines du 1er novembre 1954
470:General Union of Algerian Workers
934:The International History Review
453:(GPRA) along with Abane, Dahlab
445:in Algiers. In August 1956 the
393:agents for campaigning against
373:in 1953. In 1942 he joined the
620:violations after the military
588:Declaration of 1 November 1954
564:to create a national charter (
516:. In a confidential letter to
504:in 1961 where he attended the
1:
947:10.1080/07075332.2015.1051569
927:Byrne, Jeffrey James (2015).
816:Fondation Benyoucef Benkhedda
322:, he attended both the local
118:Head of Government of Algeria
1150:21st-century Algerian people
721:Algerian War of Independence
975:Letter of February 22, 1962
437:), when he joined the new
1166:
512:in 1960 and two visits to
472:(UGTA) and the writing of
441:. He became an adviser to
421:in 1947 and served as the
1081:
1072:
1064:
1059:
439:National Liberation Front
296:National Liberation Front
270:
175:
123:
61:
49:
37:
28:
899:The Battle of the Casbah
821:October 9, 2007, at the
574:Under the government of
340:Mohamed Lamine Debaghine
29:
1120:People from Berrouaghia
689:- ed. Dahlab, Algiers.
375:Algerian People's Party
703:- ed. Houma, Algiers.
668:- ed. Dahlab, Algiers.
578:which claimed to be a
540:Later political career
468:, the creation of the
1140:Presidents of Algeria
639:University of Algiers
245:University of Algiers
997:"Survivor of a Coup"
917:. September 8, 1961.
864:. September 8, 1961.
361:Having received his
911:"Cautious Clambake"
796:, February 18, 2003
675:- Dahlab, Algiers.
652:Les Accords d'Evian
584:Abderahmane Kiouane
496:states in 1957–58,
447:Congress of Soummam
401:in the war against
277:Benyoucef Benkhedda
169:(as Prime Minister)
23:Benyoucef Benkhedda
16:Algerian politician
1085:Abderrahmane Farès
1060:Political offices
1017:Human Rights Watch
897:Paul Aussaresses,
580:multi-party system
562:universal suffrage
520:, director of the
435:Jacques Chevallier
433:mayor of Algiers,
429:(who included the
141:Abderrahmane Farès
1098:
1097:
1094:
1082:Succeeded by
843:. March 16, 1962.
709:978-9961-66-599-2
695:978-9961-61-098-5
681:978-9961-61-137-1
660:978-2-86600-244-2
624:of January 1992.
566:granted next year
423:general secretary
274:
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195:February 23, 1920
44:Benkhedda in 1962
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1088:
1065:Preceded by
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1004:
1003:. July 16, 1979.
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741:Larbi Ben M'hidi
654:- OPU, Algiers.
576:Chadli Bendjedid
490:Paul Aussaresses
455:Larbi Ben M'hidi
292:exile government
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218:
215:February 4, 2003
194:
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180:Personal details
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1145:Algerian exiles
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823:Wayback Machine
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607:Liamine Zeroual
546:Ahmed Ben Bella
542:
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383:Belkacem Radjef
318:. The son of a
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229:Political party
220:
216:
196:
190:
188:
167:
165:Ahmed Ben Bella
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111:Ahmed ben Bella
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87:Mohamed Boudiaf
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83:Ahmed Ben Bella
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1027:External links
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1005:
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978:
967:
941:(5): 912–932.
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903:
890:
879:www.schudak.de
866:
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835:"The Brothers"
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614:Ahmed Sahnoune
554:Hocine Lahouel
541:
538:
486:Marcel Bigeard
410:
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387:Hocine Lahouel
352:Ali Boumendjel
316:Médéa Province
307:
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285:بن يوسف بن خدة
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219:(aged 82)
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202:Médéa Province
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31:بن يوسف بن خدة
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1019:April 3, 1997
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731:Abane Ramdane
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518:Richard Nolte
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510:Latin America
507:
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491:
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483:
482:Jacques Massu
479:
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467:
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459:Krim Belkacem
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443:Abane Ramdane
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356:M'hamed Yazid
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348:Abane Ramdane
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1068:Ferhat Abbas
1008:
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960:25 September
958:. Retrieved
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882:. Retrieved
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793:The Guardian
791:
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736:Ferhat Abbas
700:
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651:
645:Bibliography
631:
618:human rights
596:
573:
570:
558:Kheir-Eddine
550:Ferhat Abbas
543:
529:Ferhat Abbas
526:
478:paratroopers
466:El Moudjahid
463:
412:
409:Algerian War
395:conscription
379:Messali Hadj
363:baccalauréat
360:
309:
300:Algerian War
276:
275:
217:(2003-02-04)
168:
160:Succeeded by
153:Ferhat Abbas
125:
106:Succeeded by
99:Ferhat Abbas
63:
54:Head of the
1115:2003 deaths
1110:1920 births
1049:(in French)
1041:(in French)
1033:(in French)
813:(in French)
635:Saad Dahlab
603:Nationalist
480:of General
344:Saad Dahlab
312:Berrouaghia
198:Berrouaghia
148:Preceded by
94:Preceded by
1104:Categories
1079:1961-1962
884:2018-02-09
858:"New Team"
747:References
533:cease-fire
502:Yugoslavia
306:Early life
265:Pharmacist
261:Profession
255:Politician
251:Occupation
240:Alma mater
191:1920-02-23
955:154033045
825:Biography
500:in 1959,
431:Pied-Noir
399:Algerians
224:, Algeria
135:President
126:In office
64:In office
901:. p. 179
819:Archived
788:Obituary
715:See also
599:Islamist
474:Kassaman
427:liberals
371:pharmacy
324:Madrasah
699:2002 -
685:2000 -
671:1997 -
664:1989 -
650:1986 -
592:Islamic
403:Germany
367:Algiers
294:of the
222:Algiers
138:Himself
953:
707:
693:
679:
658:
637:. The
611:Sheikh
498:London
457:, and
328:French
281:Arabic
951:S2CID
790:from
514:China
391:SDECE
336:Blida
332:lycée
1001:Time
962:2020
915:Time
862:Time
840:Time
705:ISBN
691:ISBN
677:ISBN
656:ISBN
622:coup
601:and
531:. A
494:Arab
419:MTLD
354:and
326:and
320:Qadi
289:GPRA
212:Died
185:Born
943:doi
415:PPA
397:of
334:at
233:FLN
1106::
1015:-
999:.
949:.
939:37
937:.
931:.
913:.
877:.
860:.
848:^
837:.
801:^
770:^
556:,
552:,
385:,
381:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
314:,
283::
204:,
200:,
964:.
945::
887:.
417:-
279:(
193:)
189:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
