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326:. Use of air travel began vastly increasing in the 1930s: the number of Americans flying went from about 6,000 in 1930 to 450,000 by 1934 and to 1.2 million by 1938. It has continued to greatly increase in recent decades, doubling worldwide between the mid-1980s and the year 2000. Modern air travel is much safer than road travel.
1540:
is usually maintained at the equivalent of 6,000–8,000 ft (1,800–2,400 m) above sea level. Most healthy travelers will not notice any effects. However, for travelers with cardiopulmonary diseases (especially those who normally require supplemental oxygen), cerebrovascular disease, anemia,
430:
to operate flights in between airports. The point-to-point model, often used by low-cost carriers such as
Southwest, relies on scheduling flights directly between destination airports. The spoke-and-hub model, used by carriers such as American and Delta, relies on scheduling flights to and from hub
1513:
Modern air travel is significantly safer than road travel. In 2008 in the United States, there were 1.27 fatalities per 100 million road vehicle miles, compared to no fatalities and almost zero accidents per million flying miles. There were more than five million driving accidents, compared to 20
1532:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third-most common vascular disease, next to stroke and heart attack. It is estimated that DVT affects one in 5,000 travelers on long flights. Risk increases with exposure to more flights within a short time frame and with increasing duration of flights.
342:. Flights from one point to another within the same country are domestic flights. Flights from a point in one country to a point within a different country are international flights. Travelers can use domestic or international flights in either private or public travel.
1498:
emissions by advancing clean renewable energy, reducing energy consumption and capturing already released carbon in trees or other plants. However, carbon offsetting is a very controversial topic as it only tries to mitigate what has already been emitted.
2804:
2799:
1462:
Modern aircraft consume less fuel per person and mile traveled than cars when fully booked. However, the distances traveled are often significantly larger and will not replace car travel but instead add to it, and not every flight is booked out.
1541:
or sickle cell disease, conditions in an aircraft can exacerbate underlying medical conditions. Aircraft cabin air is typically dry, usually 10%–20% humidity, which can cause dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyes and airways.
1856:
than all the cars on the world's roads – a stark reversal of the usual comparison. Per passenger mile, things are even more marked: flying turns out to be on average 50 times worse than driving in terms of a five-year warming
431:
airports. The hub-and-spoke model allows airlines to connect more destinations and provide more frequent routes, while the point-to-point system allows airlines to avoid layovers and have more cost effective operations.
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accidents in flying. Travelers may perceive planes to be more dangerous as they do not allow individual control and because plane crashes are more catastrophic events (the
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Almost eight times as many passenger miles are traveled by car as by plane, but passenger car travel only accounts for 3 to 4 times as much
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A large passenger jet may consume five gallons of fuel per mile traveled. Is it possible, then, that planes are more efficient than cars?
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on an airplane is usually split into a two, three or four class model service. U.S. domestic flights usually have two classes:
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2032:"The absolute risk of venous thrombosis after air travel: a cohort study of 8,755 employees of international organisations"
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in 2015 globally, as compared to an estimated total of 36 billion tonnes (35 billion long tons) anthropogenic CO
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404:; and pick-up of luggage and – limited to international flights – another border control at the host country's
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if we focus just on the impact over the next five years, then planes currently account for more
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Kuipers, S; Cannegieter, SC; Middeldorp, S; Robyn, L; Büller, HR; Rosendaal, FR (2007).
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408:. Most passengers must go through these steps when flying with a commercial airline.
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2003:"Air Canada passenger suffers 'horrible pain' after being stuck in cramped seat"
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2082:"Air Travel - Chapter 6 - 2018 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC"
1474:, flights produced 781 million tonnes (769 million long tons) of the
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1785:"Airline Networks: A Comparison of Hub-and Spoke and Point-to-Point Systems"
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Instead, the scheduled flights are predominant, resulting in a far worse
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1649:"A Whole Other World: What was it Like to Fly in the Interwar Period?"
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For longer journeys, air travel may consist of several flights with a
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1756:"American touts new routes, expansion plans for Dallas and Charlotte"
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emissions of flying. There are many NGOs that offer to compensate CO
16:
Form of travel using aircraft to fly above ground for long distances
1329:
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in between. The number of layovers often depends on the number of
307:
1946:
United
Nations Carbon Offset Platform (n.d.). What is offsetting?
1869:
Borken-Kleefeld, Jens; Berntsen, Terje; Fuglestvedt, Jan (2010).
1844:"The surprisingly complex truth about planes and climate change"
1304:
551:
546:
511:
2112:
161:
59:
18:
177:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1871:"Specific Climate Impact of Passenger and Freight Transport"
1635:
334:
Air travel are separated into two general classifications:
1741:"Is Southwest's Low-Cost Strategy Good For The Long Run?"
1958:
The
Telegraph (2007). Pros and cons of carbon offsetting
2709:
Air route authority between the United States and China
1670:
Mastny, Lisa (December 2001). Peterson, Jane A. (ed.).
186:
1716:"Flying for the first time: step by step instructions"
396:
baggage and passenger check before entering the gate;
361:. International flights may have up to four classes:
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90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1783:Gerald N. Cook and Jeremy Goodwin (Winter 2018).
1490:is often proposed as solution to mitigate the CO
380:Most air travel starts and ends at a commercial
2748:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
1818:"Air Travel Is Worse Than a Hummer With Wings"
2124:
1437:
175:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1800:"How Bad Is Air Travel for the Environment?"
357:and a domestic first class partitioned into
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2131:
2117:
2109:
1444:
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1334:
460:
438:
2057:
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231:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
279:A Eurocopter AS350B helicopter in flight
274:
259:
2025:
2023:
1787:. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
1714:Eksteine-Nizka, Kristine (2023-05-06).
1625:
1373:
1337:
450:
1978:"Is Air Travel Safer Than Car Travel?"
1739:Andrew Cournoyer (February 13, 2018).
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1798:Alastair Bland (September 26, 2012).
7:
322:, or anything else that can sustain
88:adding citations to reliable sources
672:Radium and radon in the environment
253:For the Chinese airline brand, see
330:Domestic and international flights
14:
2686:Environmental effects of aviation
2001:Marchitelli, Rosa (30 May 2016).
34:This article has multiple issues.
2097:
1583:Environmental impact of aviation
1568:Aviation accidents and incidents
1551:
1458:Environmental impact of aviation
1411:
1399:
166:
64:
23:
3245:Aviation taxation and subsidies
3204:Aircraft maintenance technician
3016:Pre-flight safety demonstration
492:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
419:the journey is routed through.
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1816:Megan McArdle (Aug 12, 2013).
1361:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
3124:Flight cancellation and delay
2753:European Common Aviation Area
1754:Bart Jansen (July 26, 2018).
832:Electrical resistance heating
2049:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040290
1536:During flight, the aircraft
1528:Health hazards of air travel
542:Persistent organic pollutant
466:Air pollution from a factory
422:Airlines rely either on the
3079:Airline reservations system
3031:Special visual flight rules
384:. The typical procedure is
189:, discuss the issue on the
3292:
3134:Government contract flight
2996:Flight information service
2775:Hague Hijacking Convention
2768:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
2360:Pilot in command (Captain)
1603:List of passenger airlines
1525:
1506:
1455:
252:
242:
2991:Flight information region
2593:Low-cost carrier terminal
2161:Airline holding companies
1087:War and environmental law
707:Health effects from noise
557:Volatile organic compound
3209:Aircraft ground handling
3051:Upper information region
2966:Civil aviation authority
2795:Paris Convention of 1919
1770:"Delta First in the Air"
1679:. Worldwatch Institute.
712:Marine mammals and sonar
3041:Terminal control center
3006:Instrument flight rules
2863:Baggage handling system
2704:Air transport agreement
2495:In-flight entertainment
1982:Travel Tips - USA Today
1720:wanderlustdesigners.com
1636:Encyclopædia Britannica
1187:Freshwater salinization
1107:Agricultural wastewater
3166:Round-the-world ticket
3129:Frequent-flyer program
1588:Frequent-flyer program
1406:Environment portal
280:
272:
3156:Passenger name record
3074:Airline booking ploys
3046:Uncontrolled airspace
3036:Terminal control area
2673:Environmental effects
2583:International airport
2490:Crew rest compartment
2443:Premium economy class
2186:Non-scheduled airline
2106:at Wikimedia Commons
1922:"Facts & figures"
1878:Environ. Sci. Technol
1842:Duncan Clark (2010).
1638:. Accessed June 2011.
1147:Industrial wastewater
915:Municipal solid waste
837:Soil guideline values
435:Environmental effects
346:Commercial air travel
340:international flights
278:
263:
3026:Special use airspace
2936:Airport crash tender
2926:Aircraft safety card
2726:Cross-strait charter
2720:Bermuda II Agreement
1356:Most polluted cities
1008:Overhead power lines
424:point-to-point model
290:in vehicles such as
255:Air Travel (airline)
195:create a new article
187:improve this article
84:improve this article
3104:Codeshare agreement
3056:Visual flight rules
2981:Controlled airspace
2956:Area control center
2921:Air traffic service
2916:Air traffic control
2805:Sabotage Convention
2790:Montreal Convention
2763:Freedoms of the air
2453:Basic economy class
2140:Commercial aviation
1890:2010EnST...44.5700B
1802:. smithsonian.com.
1593:History of aviation
1578:Commercial aviation
1470:. According to the
1172:Ocean acidification
1082:Unexploded ordnance
1003:Advertising clutter
935:Post-consumer waste
880:Foam food container
865:Biodegradable waste
522:Global distillation
428:spoke-and-hub model
373:or club class; and
3094:Bereavement flight
2743:Chicago Convention
2733:Beijing Convention
2722:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
2716:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
2191:Passenger airlines
1418:Ecology portal
1043:Herbicidal warfare
587:Introduced species
527:Indoor air quality
497:Chlorofluorocarbon
281:
273:
3258:
3257:
3219:Flight dispatcher
3114:Electronic ticket
3089:Airline timetable
2931:Airport authority
2838:Baggage allowance
2815:Warsaw Convention
2714:Bermuda Agreement
2548:Airport rail link
2470:Aircraft seat map
2465:Aircraft lavatory
2196:Regional airlines
2181:Low-cost airlines
2102:Media related to
1899:10.1021/es9039693
1884:(15): 5700–5706.
1516:availability bias
1454:
1453:
1389:
1388:
1055:Nuclear holocaust
978:Urban heat island
792:Radioactive waste
577:Biological hazard
487:Air quality index
336:national/domestic
241:
240:
233:
223:
222:
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197:, as appropriate.
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
3283:
2986:Evacuation slide
2946:Airport security
2843:Baggage carousel
2810:Tokyo Convention
2738:Cape Town Treaty
2573:Domestic airport
2553:Airport terminal
2538:Airport check-in
2500:Inflight smoking
2385:Flight attendant
2234:Vanilla Alliance
2171:Charter airlines
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1924:. Archived from
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1743:. Seeking Alpha.
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1689:. Archived from
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1335:
1038:Chemical warfare
940:Waste management
900:Industrial waste
875:Electronic waste
860:Advertising mail
842:Phytoremediation
817:Land degradation
757:Depleted uranium
642:Overillumination
592:Invasive species
464:
454:
439:
394:airport security
304:hot air balloons
269:Boeing 767-300ER
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3271:Types of travel
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3214:Baggage handler
3190:
3144:Open-jaw ticket
3119:Fare basis code
3066:Airline tickets
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3001:Flight recorder
2903:Aviation safety
2897:
2873:Checked baggage
2858:Baggage handler
2853:Baggage reclaim
2819:
2800:Rome Convention
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2655:Travel document
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2390:Flight engineer
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1772:. Delta Museum.
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1613:Travel document
1573:Aviation safety
1559:aviation portal
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1509:Aviation safety
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1468:fuel efficiency
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1182:Pharmaceuticals
1162:Nonpoint source
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1060:Nuclear fallout
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930:Packaging waste
895:Hazardous waste
855:
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767:Nuclear fallout
762:Nuclear fission
742:
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625:Electromagnetic
617:
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532:Ozone depletion
477:
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367:premium economy
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3186:Travel website
3183:
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3161:Red-eye flight
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3139:One-way travel
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3109:Continent pass
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3084:Airline ticket
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3011:Overwing exits
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2961:Brace position
2958:
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2951:Airspace class
2948:
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2941:Airport police
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2780:Hague Protocol
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2640:Departure card
2637:
2630:Border control
2627:
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2609:
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2600:
2595:
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2543:Airport lounge
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2460:Aircraft cabin
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2438:Business class
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2407:
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2400:Aircraft pilot
2397:
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2377:
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2370:Second officer
2367:
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2321:Other regions
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2286:United States
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2256:International
2253:
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2239:U-FLY Alliance
2236:
2231:
2229:Value Alliance
2226:
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2094:
2093:External links
2091:
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2019:
1993:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1913:
1861:
1854:global warming
1834:
1828:greenhouse gas
1808:
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1651:. SimpleFlying
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1538:cabin pressure
1526:Main article:
1523:
1522:Health effects
1520:
1507:Main article:
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1476:greenhouse gas
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822:Bioremediation
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517:Global dimming
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390:border control
371:business class
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249:Civil aviation
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181:of the subject
179:worldwide view
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3148:Overbooking (
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2758:Flight permit
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2681:Hypermobility
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2603:Transit hotel
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2224:Star Alliance
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2176:Flag carriers
2174:
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2166:Cargo airline
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2156:Airline codes
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1928:on 2018-07-07
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1822:Bloomberg.com
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1696:on 2018-07-08
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1686:1-878071-61-0
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1598:Hypermobility
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782:Radioactivity
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745:
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728:
727:Soundproofing
725:
723:
722:Noise control
720:
718:
717:Noise barrier
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363:economy class
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355:economy class
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95:Find sources:
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73:This article
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54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
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21:
20:
3239:
2976:Control zone
2971:Control area
2893:Luggage lock
2883:Lost luggage
2878:Hand luggage
2848:Baggage cart
2663:(Electronic)
2625:Arrival card
2558:Airside pass
2510:Sickness bag
2485:Buy on board
2480:Airline seat
2475:Airline meal
2428:Travel class
2410:Dead mileage
2249:Trade groups
2096:
2076:
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1325:Point source
1270:Heavy metals
1232:Urban runoff
1217:Sulfur water
1192:Septic tanks
1048:Agent Orange
997:
958:Space debris
812:Agricultural
677:Volcanic ash
537:Particulates
421:
417:hub airports
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351:Travel class
349:
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316:hang gliders
296:jet aircraft
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99:"Air travel"
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82:Please help
77:verification
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3196:Ground crew
3150:Overselling
3021:Sky marshal
2887:WorldTracer
2660:Travel visa
2617:Immigration
2533:Airline hub
2433:First class
2380:Relief crew
2042:(9): e290.
1633:"Aviation."
1608:Punctuality
1295:Area source
1137:Groundwater
890:Green waste
870:Brown waste
854:Solid waste
612:Information
507:Exhaust gas
375:first class
300:helicopters
266:S7 Airlines
3265:Categories
3240:Air travel
2588:Jet bridge
2395:Loadmaster
2104:Air travel
1987:2020-10-21
1932:2018-07-07
1725:2024-03-19
1700:2013-07-31
1655:October 9,
1620:References
1382:By country
1374:Categories
1265:Pollutants
1242:Wastewater
1212:Stagnation
1157:Monitoring
1132:Freshwater
998:Air travel
885:Food waste
827:Defecation
637:Ecological
570:Biological
502:Combustion
442:Part of a
320:parachutes
284:Air travel
243:See also:
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3235:Air cargo
2528:Aerodrome
2206:Alliances
1830:emission.
1310:Garbology
1227:Turbidity
1177:Oil spill
1127:Firewater
1112:Biosolids
1018:Vandalism
777:Poisoning
772:Plutonium
747:Actinides
740:Radiation
482:Acid rain
453:Pollution
292:airplanes
203:June 2024
191:talk page
140:June 2011
45:talk page
3176:Tracking
2911:Air rage
2645:Passport
2634:internal
2568:Boarding
2563:Airstair
2420:Airliner
2214:Oneworld
2148:Airlines
2068:17896862
2036:PLOS Med
1908:20666553
1848:Guardian
1545:See also
1366:Treaties
1346:Diseases
1202:Shipping
1167:Nutrient
1117:Diseases
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398:boarding
386:check-in
245:Aviation
185:You may
3171:Standby
2833:Bag tag
2825:Baggage
2650:Timatic
2613:Customs
2520:Airport
2352:Aircrew
2301:Europe
2219:SkyTeam
2059:1989755
1886:Bibcode
1857:impact.
1260:History
1142:Hypoxia
971:Thermal
925:Plastic
787:Uranium
661:Natural
606:Digital
582:Genetic
426:or the
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312:gliders
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124:scholar
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1503:Safety
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1315:Legacy
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2275:IATAN
1874:(PDF)
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1338:Lists
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1275:Paint
1100:Water
952:Space
695:Noise
667:Ozone
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2785:ICAO
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