Airborne forces - Knowledge (XXG)

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their targets without navigational error, and the airborne troops seized the Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield and secured the landing area for the rest of the division before daylight. With its initial objectives taken, the 11th Airborne Division then launched a coordinated ground attack against a reinforced infantry regiment and conducted several aerial resupply and casualty evacuation missions in coordination with United States Army Air Forces transport aircraft. The exercise was judged by observers to be a great success. McNair, pleased by its results, attributed this success to the great improvements in airborne training that had been implemented in the months following Operation Husky. As a result of the Knollwood Maneuver, division-sized airborne forces were deemed to be feasible and Eisenhower permitted their retention.

2579: 2415:, was annihilated by anti-aircraft fire and fierce resistance by some remaining Dutch defenders. As a result, numerous crashed and burning aircraft blocked the runway, preventing further reinforcements from landing. This was one of the few occasions where an airfield captured by paratroops has been recaptured. The other two airfields were recaptured as well. Simultaneously, the Germans dropped small packets of paratroopers to seize the crucial bridges that led directly across the Netherlands and into the heart of the country. They opened the way for the 9th Panzer Division. Within a day, the Dutch position became hopeless. Nevertheless, Dutch forces inflicted high losses on German transportation aircraft. Moreover, 1200 German elite troops from the 84: 3258: 31: 4178: 3458:. Having learnt from the heavy casualties inflicted upon the airborne formations in Operation Market Garden, the two airborne divisions were dropped several thousand yards forward of friendly positions, and only some thirteen hours after Operation Plunder had begun and Allied ground forces had already crossed the Rhine. There was heavy resistance in some of the areas that the airborne troops landed in, with casualties actually statistically heavier than those incurred during Operation Market Garden. The British 3614:, most of the units were flown into landing grounds which had been seized by glider infantry transported by the American First Air Commando Group, commencing on March 5. Aircraft continued to land reinforcements at captured or hastily constructed landing strips until monsoon rains made them unusable. Small detachments were subsequently landed by parachute. The operation eventually wound down in July, with the exhausted Chindits making their way overland to link up with advancing American and Chinese forces. 3392: 4414: 4356: 3292:, at 1130 on the night of 5 June and Saint-Marcel (8–18 June). At this time, there was approximately 100,000 German troops and artillery preparing to move to the Normandy landing areas. Immediately upon landing, 18 Free French went into action near Plumelec against German troops (Vlassov's army). The Free French established a base at Saint-Marcel and began to arm and equip local resistance fighters, operating with up to 3,000 4043: 3846:) commandos, were parachuted into Indian territory. Of the 180 para-commandos dropped, 138, including all officers but one, were captured and safely taken to prisoner of war (POW) camps. Twenty-two were killed, or rather lynched by joint combing teams of villagers armed with sticks, police and even bands of muleteers released by the Army, from the animal transport battalion of the nearby Corps headquarters. 3482: 3212: 2919:

Afrika Korps in Tunisia. A unit of French Algerian infantry, the 3rd Regiment of Zouaves, was present at Youk-les-Bains and awarded the American paratroopers their own regimental crest as a gesture of respect. This badge was awarded to the battalion commander on 15 November 1942 by the 3rd Zouaves' regimental commander, and is worn today by all members of the 509th Infantry.

3296:. However, their base was heavily attacked by a German paratroop division on 18 June, and the men were forced to disperse. Captain Pierre Marienne with 17 of his companions (six paratroopers, eight resistance fighters and three farmers) died a few weeks later in Kerihuel, Plumelec, at dawn of 12 July. The Dingson team was joined by the men who had just completed 3148:(future commander of the 101st Airborne Division), being sent on a personal reconnaissance mission to Rome to assess the prospects of success. His report via radio on September 8 caused the operation to be postponed (and canceled the next day) as troop carriers loaded with two battalions of the 504th PIR were warming up for takeoff. 2957:, with other supporting units), making their first combat jump. Strong winds encountered en route blew the dropping aircraft off course and scattered them widely. The result was that around half the paratroopers failed to make it to their rallying points. The British airborne troops from the 1st Airborne Division were 3089:

been earmarked for combat, the Swing Board selected it as the test formation. The maneuver would additionally provide the 11th Airborne and its individual units with further training, as had occurred several months previously in an earlier large-scale exercise conducted by the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.

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was subordinated directly to the Ministry of Defense of USSR, and was a 'prestige service' in the armed forces of the USSR and Russia to reflect its strategic purpose. Recruits received much more rigorous training and better equipment than ordinary Soviet units. Unlike most airborne forces, which are

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Operation Repulse, which took place in Bastogne on December 23, 24, 26, and 27, 1944, as part of the Battle of the Bulge, glider pilots, although flying directly through enemy fire, were able to land, delivering the badly needed ammunition, gasoline and medical supplies that enabled defenders against

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could rapidly advance in Operation Garden, the land phase. It was a daylight assault, with little initial opposition, and most units achieved high accuracy on drop and landing zones. In the end, after strong German counterattacks, the overall plan failed: the British 1st Airborne Division was all but

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Rivers, in an attempt to outflank German fortifications and penetrate into Germany. The operation was hastily planned and many key planning tasks were inadequately completed. Three complete airborne divisions executed Operation Market, the airborne phase. These were the British 1st Airborne Division,

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gliders. The transport aircraft were divided into four groups, two of which carried paratroopers while the other two towed gliders. Each group took off from a different airfield in the Carolinas. The four groups deployed a total of 4,800 troops in the first wave. Eighty-five percent were delivered to

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This was the last large-scale airborne assault by Hitler and the Germans. The German paratroopers had such a high casualty rate that Hitler forbade any further large-scale airborne attacks. The Allies, on the other hand, were very impressed by the potential of paratroopers, and started to build their

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which was crucial for the Luftwaffe for operations over Norway. In Norway, a company of paratroopers dropped at Oslo's undefended airstrip. Over the course of the morning and early afternoon of April 9, 1940, the Germans flew in sufficient reinforcements to move into the capital in the afternoon, but

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made more parachute jumps than any other military unit in history. While an Allied paratrooper of the Second World War would be considered a "veteran" after one operational jump, an RLI paratrooper could make three operational jumps in a single day, each in a different location, and each preceding a

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The U.S. 11th and 13th Airborne Divisions were held in reserve in the United States until 1944 when the 11th Airborne Division was deployed to the Pacific, but mostly used as ground troops or for smaller airborne operations. The 13th Airborne Division was deployed to France in January 1945 but never

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The Battle of Kolwezi was an airborne operation by French and Belgian airborne forces that took place in May 1978 in Zaire during the Shaba II invasion of Zaire by the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FLNC). It aimed at rescuing European and Zairean hostages held by FLNC rebels after

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The unit was assigned to the reactivated 101st Airborne Division and subsequently inactivated as a combat team in 1956 as part of the division's reorganization into the Pentomic structure, which featured battle groups in place of regiments and battalions. The 1st and 3rd Battalions, 187th Infantry,

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provided the medical cover for the operations, dropping an ADS and a surgical team totalling 7 officers and 5 other ranks, treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission. The unit was to become

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on February 27, 1942. The key electronic components of the system were dismantled by an English radar mechanic and brought back to Britain for examination so that countermeasures could be devised. The result was a British victory. Of the 120 paratroopers who dropped in the dead of night, there were

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fire from ground defenders, but combat jumps are at low altitude (400–500 ft) and normally carried out a short distance away (or directly on if lightly defended) from the target area at night. Airborne operations are also particularly sensitive to weather conditions, which can be dangerous to

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to form a committee—the Swing Board—composed of air force, parachute, glider infantry and artillery officers, whose arrangements for the maneuver would effectively decide the fate of divisional-sized airborne forces. As the 11th Airborne Division was in reserve in the United States and had not yet

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One week later, after repacking their own chutes, 304 men of the battalion conducted a second combat jump on 15 November 1942 to secure the airfield at Youk-les-Bains near the Tunisian border. From this base, the battalion conducted combined operations with various French forces against the German

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Fireforce counter-insurgency missions were designed to trap and eliminate insurgents before they could flee. The Rhodesian Security Force could react quickly to insurgent ambushes, farm attacks, Observation Post sightings, and could also be called in as reinforcements by trackers or patrols which

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The War also saw the establishment of the first Indian Airborne Special Forces Unit - The Meghdoot Force - which was tasked with operations behind Pakistani Lines. This force is the predecessor to the modern India Para commando (SF) units, and had a major influence on modern Indian Special forces

3191:, was mounted by men drawn from the Folgore and Nembo divisions, operating with British equipment and under British command as No. 1 Italian Special Air Service Regiment. The men dropped in small groups from American C-47s and carried out a successful railway sabotage operation in northern Italy. 2773:

Axis air superiority early in the conflict limited the ability of the Soviets to mount such operations, whilst later in the conflict ongoing shortages of materiel, including silk for parachutes, was also a problem. Nonetheless, the Soviets maintained their doctrinal belief in the effectiveness of

2403:, an airborne assault army corps that consisted of one parachute division and one division of airlanding troops plus the necessary transport capacity. The existence of this formation had been carefully kept secret until then. Two simultaneous airborne operations were launched. German paratroopers 2976:

landed on target, with more than half landing in the sea. Nevertheless, the scattered airborne troops maximised their opportunities, attacking patrols and creating confusion wherever possible. On the night of 11 July, a reinforcement drop of the 82nd, consisting of the 504th Parachute Regimental

2214:. The operation was planned for February 1919 but the war ended before the attack could be seriously planned. Mitchell conceived that US troops could be rapidly trained to utilize parachutes and drop from converted bombers to land behind Metz in synchronisation with a planned infantry offensive. 2597:

Ironically, the battle that ended Germany's paratrooper operations had the opposite effect on the Allies. Convinced of the effectiveness of airborne assaults after Crete, the Allies hurried to train and organize their own airborne units. The British established No.1 Parachute Training School at

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transport aircraft, with another Alouette III helicopter as a command/gunship aircraft and a light attack aircraft in support. One of the advantages of the Fireforce was its flexibility as all that was needed was a reasonable airstrip. It was such a successful tactic that some Rhodesian Light

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have brought increased flexibility, and air assaults have largely been the preferred method of insertion for recent conflicts, but airborne insertion is still maintained as a rapid response capability to get troops on the ground anywhere in the world within hours for a variety of missions.

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The 187th served in six campaigns in Korea. Shortly after the war the 187th ARCT was considered for use in an Airborne drop to relieve the surrounded French garrison at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam but the United States, at that time, decided not to send its troops into the combat zone.

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The first United States airborne combat mission occurred during Operation Torch in North Africa on 8 November 1942. 531 men of the 2nd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment flew over 1,600 miles (2,600 km) at night from Britain, over Spain, intending to drop near

3250:. The American glider and parachute infantry of the 82nd (Operation Detroit) and 101st Airborne Divisions (Operation Chicago), though widely scattered by poor weather and poorly marked landing zones in the American airborne landings in Normandy, secured the western flank of 2221:

experimented with the concept of carrying troops on the wings of aircraft, with them pulled off by the opening of their parachutes. The first true paratroop drop was by Italy in November 1927. Within a few years, several battalions were raised and eventually formed into two

2253:. To help train enough experienced jumpers, parachute clubs were organized with the aim of transferring into the armed forces if needed. Planning progressed to the point that Corps-size drops were demonstrated to foreign observers, including the British Military Attaché 3838:. The war in 1965 had the largest use of paratrooper forces, and unlike in previous conflicts, they were used in their intended capacity fully (They were not used in the airborne capacity in 1961, and it is unconfirmed in 1947). A covert operation was launched by the 2578: 2933:

As part of Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of the island of Sicily, four airborne operations (two British and two American) were carried out, landing during the nights of July 9 and 10 1943. The American paratroopers were from the 82nd Airborne Division, mainly

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Only 20 para-commandos were unaccounted for and most escaped back to Pakistan under the fog. Most of these were from the Pathankot group, dropped less than 10 km from the border in an area that had plenty of ravines, riverine tracks to navigate back along.

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Britain's first airborne assault took place on February 10, 1941, when 'X' Troop, No 11 Special Air Service Battalion (which was formed from No 2 Commando and subsequently became 1st Battalion, The Parachute Regiment) dropped into southern Italy from converted

2180:: And where is the Prince who can afford so to cover his Country with Troops for its Defense, as that Ten Thousand Men descending from the Clouds, might not in many Places do an infinite deal of Mischief, before a Force could be brought together to repel them? 3984:

made contact with the enemy. It was first deployed in January 1974 and saw its first action a month later on 24 February 1974. By the end of Rhodesian operations with internal peace agreements, Fireforce was a well-developed counterinsurgency tactic.

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and the oilfields surrounding is, on Sumatra from 29 December 1948 to 23 January 1949. From the Indonesian side, the first airborne operation was an airborne-infiltration operation by 14 paratroopers on 17 October 1947, in Kotawaringin, Kalimantan.

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from German occupation. Operation Giant II was a planned drop of one regiment of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division northwest of Rome, to assist four Italian divisions in seizing the Italian capital. An airborne assault plan to seize crossings of the

3137:, called Operation Giant, was abandoned in favor of the Rome mission. However, doubts about the willingness and capability of Italian forces to cooperate, and the distance of the mission far beyond support by the Allied military, resulted in the 2652:

type operations, or to organize entire airborne divisions for larger operations. Many of the early successful airborne operations were small, carried out by a few units, such as seizing a bridge. After seeing success of other units and observing

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from ships offshore. Both the British and the French accomplished total military victory against the disorganized Egyptian military and local armed civilians but political events forced total retreat of these forces after 48 hours of fighting.

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forbade their use in such operations in the future. He felt that the main strength of the paratroopers was novelty, and now that the British had clearly figured out how to defend against them, there was no real point to using them any more.

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The Soviets mounted only one large-scale airborne operation in World War II, despite their early leadership in the field in the 1930s. Russia also pioneered the development of combat gliders, but used them only for cargo during the war.

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was launched, it would be the largest operation the Allied forces would assemble. During this operation, 845 members of the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Airmen (Airborne), the 319th Artillery (Airborne), and elements of H&H company of the

4862: 2434:, enabled the British to wait on each German drop zone, yet despite compromised secrecy, surviving German paratroops and airlanded mountain troops pushed the Commonwealth forces off the island in part by unexpected fire support from 4108:, or striped shirt, and the famous blue beret. Airborne assault (десантно-штурмовые войска or DShV) units wore similar striped shirts (as did the naval infantry) but used helicopters, rather than the Military Transport Aviation's 2272:

aircraft to train on. The military had already purchased large numbers of Junkers Ju 52s which were slightly modified for use as paratroop transports in addition to their other duties. The first training class was known as

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Executed in the highest battlefield in the world, Meghdoot was the first ever military offensive of its kind. The operation was a success, resulting in Indian forces gaining control of the Siachen Glacier in its entirety.

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needed the element of total surprise to succeed, and all 660 men had to be on the ground at El Gamil airfield and ready for action within four and a half minutes. At 04.15 hours on November 5, 1956, British 3rd Battalion,

3074:, had similar misgivings: once an airborne supporter, he had been greatly disappointed by the performance of airborne units in North Africa and more recently Sicily. However, other high-ranking officers, including the 2915:, and only ten actually delivered their troops by parachute drop. The remainder off-loaded after 28 C-47 troop carriers, short on fuel, landed on the Sebkra d'Oran dry lake, and marched overland to their objectives. 3445:

was a daylight assault conducted by two airborne divisions, the British 6th Airborne Division and the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, both of which were part of the U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps. Conducted as a part of

5062: 3590:, 23 February 1945. The final operation of the division was conducted on 23 June 1945, in conjunction with an advance by U.S. ground forces in northern Luzon. A task force from the 11th was formed and jumped on 3379:, dropped 736 men of the 551st PIB with nearly 100% effectiveness late on the afternoon of August 15. The airborne objective was to capture the area, destroy all enemy positions and hold the ground until the 3163:

as a guide. The next night the 505th PIR was also dropped into the beachhead as reinforcement. In all, 3,500 paratroopers made the most concentrated mass night drop in history, providing the model for the

2234:, they were never used in a parachute drop. Men drawn from the Italian parachute forces were dropped in a special-forces operation in North Africa in 1943 in an attempt to destroy parked aircraft of the 3280:(5–18 June 1944) was conducted by about 178 Free French paratroops of the 4th Special Air Service (SAS), commanded by Colonel Pierre-Louis Bourgoin, who jumped into German-occupied France near Vannes, 3111:

The Knollwood Maneuver took place on the night of 7 December 1943, with the 11th Airborne Division being airlifted to thirteen separate objectives by 200 C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft and 234

3081:, believed otherwise. Marshall persuaded Eisenhower to set up a review board and to withhold judgement until the outcome of a large-scale maneuver, planned for December 1943, could be assessed. 3311:

In Operation Dingson 35A, on 5 August 1944, 10 Waco CG-4A gliders towed by aircraft of 298 Squadron and 644 Squadron transported Free French SAS men and armed jeeps to Brittany near Vannes (

3315:), each glider carrying three Free French troopers and a jeep. One glider was lost with the death of the British pilot. The SAS teams remained behind enemy lines until the Allies arrived. 3403:

Operation Market Garden of September 1944, involved 35,000 airborne troops dropped up to 100 miles (160 km) behind German lines in an attempt to capture a series of bridges over the

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landed in the city while paratroops simultaneously descended on the city. 641 Indonesian paratroopers jumped into Dili, where they engaged in six-hours combat with East Timorese gunmen.

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The world record for operational jumps by an individual soldier is held by Corporal Des Archer of 1 Commando, RLI, who made 73 operational jumps between 1977 and the end of the war.

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also organized airborne units around this time. France became the first nation to organize women in an airborne unit, recruiting 200 nurses who during peacetime would parachute into

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on September 13. However, significant German counterattacks, beginning on September 12, resulted in a shrinking of the American perimeter and threatened destruction of the Salerno

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of the Indian Army fought in numerous contacts in both the Eastern and Western Theatres. On 11 December, India airdropped the 2nd battalion (2 Para) in what is now famous as the

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the longest-serving military unit in any UN operation till date, serving from October 1950 till May 1953, a total of three and a half years, returning home to a heroes' welcome.

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has labelled the operation both costly and unnecessary, writing that "Operation Varsity was a folly for which more than a thousand men paid for with their lives ..."

4262:. As they were already in the air to be deployed over the target, Cédras finally stepped down from his rule in part due to the diplomatic efforts led by former President 5054: 3579: 3105: 4366: 3243: 2831:) mounted a night parachute insertion onto two drop zones in Bir Temrad, North Africa on the night of November 16/17 1941 in preparation for a stealthy attack on the 2388:

on the morning of May 10, 1940, and disabled the majority of its artillery. The fort held on for another day before surrendering. This opened up Belgium to attack by

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Major & Mrs Holt's pocket battlefield guide to Ypres & Passchendaele : 1st Ypres; 2nd Ypres (Gas Attack); 3rd Ypres (Passchendaele) 4th Ypres (The Lys)

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reviewed the airborne role in Operation Husky and concluded that large-scale formations were too difficult to control in combat to be practical. Lieutenant General

3367:. Once they had captured their initial targets, they were reinforced by 2,600 soldiers and critical equipment carried in 408 gliders daylight missions code-named 4970: 2541:

in February 1942. Japanese airborne units suffered heavy casualties during the Dutch East Indies campaign, and were rarely used as parachute troops afterward.

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Italy agreed to an armistice with the Allies on September 3, 1943, with the stipulation that the Allies would provide military support to Italy in defending

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and capture two airfields. Navigation errors, communications problems, and bad weather scattered the forces. Seven of the 39 C-47s landed far from Oran from

2496: 5645: 2897: 2786:). It was unsuccessful. Airborne formations were used as elite infantry units however, and played a critical role in several battles. For example, at the 4247: 3874:. The paratroop unit was instrumental in denying the retreat and regrouping of the Pakistani Army and contributed substantially to the early collapse of 2753:

was the principal force in Operation Dragoon in Southern France. The 17th Airborne Division deployed to England in 1944 but did not see combat until the

3257: 83: 2978: 3108:. The entire operation was observed by McNair, who would ultimately have a significant say in deciding the fate of the parachute infantry divisions. 3417: 3075: 1007: 5574: 5583: 4875: 3688: 3518: 3494: 3219: 3104:. The force defending the airfield and its environs was a combat team composed of elements of the 17th Airborne Division and a battalion from the 3043:

before they reached their target. Only 295 officers and men were dropped close enough to carry out the assault. They captured the bridge, but the

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The Allies had learned better tactics and logistics from their earlier airborne drops, and these lessons were applied for the assaults along the

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on 3 February 1945, meeting no resistance at the drop zone. Elements of the division also jumped to liberate 2,000 Allied civilians interned at

2411:, hoping to seize the Dutch government. From one of these airfields, they were driven out after the first wave of reinforcements, brought in by 5592: 3803: 3560: 3340: 3165: 3024: 3001: 2954: 2750: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2642: 2793:

The Soviets sent at least one team of observers to the British and American airborne planning for D-Day, but did not reciprocate the liaison.

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On 28 March 2003, 3rd Battalion employed the first airborne assault in Iraq to seize Objective Serpent in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

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Despite a catastrophic loss of gliders and troops loads at sea, the British 1st Airlanding Brigade captured the Ponte Grande bridge south of

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is a variant of the tactic of vertical envelopment of a target by helicopter-borne and small groups of parachute infantry developed by the

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forces delivered airborne troops by helicopter and air drop. The use of helicopter-borne airmobile troops by the United States Army in the

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site on the coast of France was attacked by a company of 120 British paratroopers from 2 Battalion, Parachute Regiment, commanded by Major

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on June 6, 1944. The task of the airborne forces was to secure the flanks and approaches of the landing beaches in Normandy. The British

2790:, the Guards Airborne defended the eastern shoulder of the southern penetration and was critical to holding back the German penetration. 4213: 3799: 3591: 3172:, to disrupt German motorized movements, was badly dispersed and failed to destroy the bridge before the Germans withdrew to the north. 3054:

The Allied commanders were forced to reassess the use of airborne forces after the many misdrops and the deadly friendly fire incident.

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successful contact with the enemy. Between 1976 and 1980, over 14,000 jumps were recorded by the Rhodesian Security Forces as a whole.

3703:, North Korea. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from 3572: 2950: 4965: 4602: 4472: 4454: 3420:. All units were landed or dropped at various points along Highway 69 ("Hell's Highway") in order to create a "carpet" over which the 3344: 2719: 2340:, the Luftwaffe dropped paratroopers on several locations. In Denmark, a small unit dropped on the Masnedøfort on the small island of 2317:

Several groups within the German armed forces attempted to raise their own paratroop formations, resulting in confusion. As a result,

1990: 1768: 378: 5776: 4693: 4550: 4396: 3905: 3895: 3348: 3187:, took place. However the Italian troops were not dropped as a unit, but as a series of small (8–10 man) groups. Another operation, 3142: 2860: 2693: 2254: 1444: 4450: 2328: 4943: 4648: 4239:, the 2nd and 3rd(-) Ranger Battalions, along with the 75th Ranger Regiment regimental headquarters, conducted a combat jump onto 4477: 4220: 3266: 3138: 2734: 2582: 2504: 1522: 5106: 4671: 3230:

One of the most famous of airborne operations was Operation Neptune, the assault of Normandy, part of Operation Overlord of the

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Fireforce was an operational assault or response usually composed of a first wave of 32 soldiers carried to the scene by three

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The main advantage of airborne forces is their ability to be deployed into combat zones without a land passage, as long as the

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they conquered the city of Kolwezi. The operation succeeded with the liberation of the hostages and light military casualties.

3000:. Before the German counterattack, the beach landings took place unopposed and the 1st Airlanding Brigade was relieved by the 4625: 3726: 3626: 3324: 3159:. As a result, Giant I was cancelled and the 504th PIR instead dropped into the beachhead on the night of September 13 using 2638: 2634: 2218: 1631: 5193: 3641:, the Peruvian army established its own paratrooper unit and used it to great effect by seizing the Ecuadorian port city of 2526: 5005: 4326:

in northwest Pakistan, to seize control of strategic mountain areas in order to support special forces and infantry troops.

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Elements of 1st Bn, 508th Infantry parachuting onto a drop zone, outside of Panama City in support of Operation Just Cause.

2637:. The Indian airborne forces expanded during the war to the point that an airborne corps was planned bringing together the 5766: 4236: 4224: 2708: 2235: 2223: 2048: 1495: 30: 4577: 4315: 3200: 3032: 1985: 444: 5084: 3638: 3351:, and supporting units. Nearly 400 aircraft delivered 5,600 paratroopers and 150 guns to three drops zones surrounding 3015:

On the evening of July 13, 1943, more than 112 aircraft carrying 1,856 men and 16 gliders with 77 artillerymen and ten

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were also dropped by air, the only time this capability was used in combat. At the same time as the combat jump onto

3621:, an ad hoc parachute battalion group made up of personnel from the 153 and 154 (Gurkha) Parachute Battalions of the 2435: 2095:; a sizeable force can appear "out of the sky" behind enemy lines in merely hours if not minutes, an action known as 5631: 4482: 4270: 4251: 4177: 3867: 3835: 3794: 3421: 3380: 2966: 2715: 1459: 4098:

The VDV have participated in virtually all Soviet and Russian conflicts since the Second World War, including the

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and a small command and control element from the regimental headquarters of the 75th Ranger Regiment jumped into

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the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division made its first combat jump in over 40 years. The 1st Brigade of the 82nd secured

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taken prisoner around The Hague, were shipped to England just before the capitulation of the Dutch armed forces.

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and local Vietnamese units took part in numerous operations which were to culminate in the disastrous siege of

3134: 2969: 2935: 2020: 1887: 1434: 1127: 940: 788: 4231:. The jump followed the 1st Ranger Battalion(+) of the 75th Ranger Regiment's combat jump onto the airfield. 3552:

The honors for recapturing the Rock went to the 503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team of Lieutenant Colonel

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in June 1944. An additional drop on the night of September 14–15 of the 509th PIB to destroy a key bridge at

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in January 1945 where they, along with the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions were deployed as ground troops.

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Airborne forces typically lack enough supplies for prolonged combat and so they are used for establishing an

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which had been authorised to raise an airborne-capable formation earlier, resulting in the formation of the

2337: 2121: 1973: 1955: 1711: 1270: 1192: 1137: 1017: 730: 393: 34: 5077:"Sky Soldiers of the 173d Airborne Brigade in Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom March 2003-February 2004" 3578:

The U.S. Army's 11th Airborne Division saw a great deal of action in the Philippines as a ground unit. The

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from house arrest with very few shots being fired. On May 25, 1944, paratroopers were dropped as part of a

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Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment, 1938–50

4330: 4259: 4149:"Operation Cloud Messenger"), launched in the early hours of 13 April 1984, was the codename given to the 3945: 3659: 2685: 2611: 2492: 2482: 2438:, though seaborne reinforcements were destroyed by the Royal Navy. However, the losses were so great that 1840: 1815: 1537: 1449: 1322: 1197: 793: 770: 216: 115: 4919: 4099: 3364: 2661:

of the U.S. Army established the Army's first airborne division. The 101st would be reorganized into the

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jumped in and although opposition was heavy, casualties were few. Meanwhile, French paratroopers of the

3787: 3755: 3526: 3506: 3391: 3293: 3183:-style airborne drop aimed at disrupting German rear area communications and movement over key areas in 1429: 1362: 1315: 964: 927: 890: 808: 760: 644: 454: 262: 171: 5400:

It Never Snows In September – The German View Of MARKET-GARDEN And The Battle Of Arnhem, September 1944

4886: 2264:, was particularly interested. In 1936, Major F. W. Immans was ordered to set up a parachute school at 5055:"A NATION AT WAR: NORTHERN IRAQ; With Smaller Operation Than First Planned, U.S. Opens Northern Front" 3806:

under the command of Colonel Chateau-Jobert jumped on the water treatment factory South of Port Said.

3738:

bearing the lineages of the former Co A and Co C, 187AIR, are now with the 101st Airborne Division as

3376: 3188: 3151:

With Giant II cancelled, Operation Giant I was reactivated to drop two battalions of the 504th PIR at

4378: 4274: 4209: 3696: 3674:

on 19 and 20 December 1948. The second combat jump happened during Operation Ekster: the capture of

3645:, on July 27, 1941, marking the first time in the Americas that airborne troops were used in combat. 3587: 3247: 3215: 3063: 2704: 2431: 2404: 2188:

who proposed the creation of an airborne force to assault behind the German lines in 1917 during the

2165: 1820: 1722: 1579: 1574: 1392: 1357: 1092: 907: 765: 701: 555: 525: 122: 3809:

The landings from the sea the next day saw the first large-scale heliborne assault, as 45 Commando,

3254:

with heavy casualties. All together, airborne casualties in Normandy on D-Day totaled around 2,300.

5414:

Hell's Highway – A Chronicle Of The 101st Airborne In The Holland Campaign, September–November 1944

4205: 4154: 3328: 2844: 2754: 2534: 2446:

One notable exception was the use of airborne forces in special operations. On September 12, 1943,

2389: 2384:. In Belgium, a small group of German glider-borne troops landed on top of the Belgian fortress of 2345: 1671: 1656: 1532: 1419: 1397: 1372: 1332: 1242: 1052: 952: 902: 669: 659: 624: 416: 406: 176: 100: 5456:

Four Stars of Valour: The Combat History of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment in World War II

5160: 4975: 4506: 4232: 4185:

With the advantages of helicopter use, airborne forces have dwindled in numbers in recent years.

4137: 4027: 4011: 4005: 3977: 3936:

was widespread, and became an iconic image featuring in newsreels and movies about the conflict.

3719: 3611: 3557: 3541: 3459: 3368: 3071: 3036: 3031:, was to capture the Primosole bridge and the high ground around it, providing a pathway for the 2990: 2973: 2840: 2816: 2783: 2742: 2700: 2626: 2471: 2455: 2117: 2092: 2005: 1860: 1780: 1701: 1646: 1621: 1542: 1488: 1454: 1385: 1302: 1212: 1117: 1062: 947: 912: 865: 740: 711: 664: 602: 577: 411: 225: 144: 5137: 3662:

made two combat jumps during the Indonesian War of Independence. The first jump was as part of

3521:

and elements of the Australian Army's 2/4th Field Regiment made a highly successful, unopposed

2827:

54 effectives of 'L' Detachment, Special Air Service Brigade (largely drawn from the disbanded

5654: 5011: 4721: 4689: 4546: 4323: 4300: 4150: 3831: 3751: 3642: 3564: 3522: 3447: 3442: 3332: 3301: 3277: 3235: 3231: 3176: 3145: 3020: 2856: 2590: 2200: 2196: 2185: 2177: 2161: 2091:

is accessible. Formations of airborne forces are limited only by the number and size of their

2041: 1950: 1897: 1800: 1790: 1785: 1755: 1738: 1733: 1706: 1651: 1352: 1342: 1337: 1327: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1207: 1177: 1067: 1037: 1032: 1022: 1012: 1002: 917: 870: 840: 679: 472: 449: 383: 49: 5152: 4240: 4194: 4162: 3925: 3708: 3537: 3297: 3085: 3067: 2997: 2864: 2832: 2514: 2459: 2365: 2357: 2297: 2246: 2015: 1980: 1912: 1805: 1743: 1636: 1564: 1557: 1414: 1347: 1297: 1287: 1162: 1082: 1042: 1027: 989: 974: 845: 830: 783: 691: 649: 592: 587: 545: 368: 345: 252: 181: 110: 93: 5449:

All American, All the Way: The Combat History Of The 82nd Airborne Division In World War II

4979: 5730: 5710: 5705: 5608: 4594: 4304: 4158: 3901: 3871: 3663: 3595: 3553: 3533: 3451: 3239: 3078: 3028: 2958: 2882: 2787: 2775: 2730: 2711: 2567:. The force destroyed some planes and inflicted casualties, but was eventually wiped out. 2522: 2467: 2451: 2427: 2377: 2373: 2169: 1825: 1810: 1728: 1684: 1626: 1282: 1277: 1167: 1157: 1072: 1047: 984: 825: 755: 745: 684: 597: 582: 477: 277: 257: 105: 45: 4255: 3750:

The French used paratroopers extensively during their 1946-54 war against the Viet Minh.

2648:

A fundamental decision was whether to create small airborne units to be used in specific

4246:

On September 16, 1994, elements of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division planned to jump into

2989:

casualties when, despite forewarnings, Allied anti-aircraft fire both ashore and aboard

5740: 4858: 4092: 3839: 3671: 3618: 3583: 3489:

transport planes, silhouetted against clouds of smoke created to provide cover, drop a

3450:, the operation took place on 24 March 1945 in aid of an attempt by the Anglo-Canadian 3372: 3305: 3270: 3184: 3101: 2938: 2733:

in North Africa. The U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions saw the most action in the

2658: 2552: 2487: 2395:

The Dutch were exposed to the first large scale airborne attack in history. During the

2376:

Storch light reconnaissance planes on the bridges immediately to the south of the 10th

2369: 2285: 2203: 2065: 2010: 2000: 1748: 1172: 1132: 1110: 1097: 1087: 1057: 969: 922: 725: 716: 607: 560: 540: 530: 500: 467: 355: 312: 267: 139: 72: 5038:

Jones, Robert W. Jr. (2005). "The jump at Objective Serpent: 3/75th Rangers in Iraq".

4640: 4413: 3238:

and paratroopers of the 6th Airborne Division, which secured the eastern flank during

2176:

Five Thousand Balloons capable of raising two Men each, would not cost more than Five

5755: 5164: 4311: 4088: 3996:

Infantry soldiers reputedly made as many as three parachute combat jumps in one day.

3826:

Paratroopers were used in combat in South Asia after the Second World War during the

3810: 3771: 3759: 3486: 3312: 3040: 2986: 2463: 2447: 2412: 2269: 2110:

have also been modified for paradropping with infantry to provide heavier firepower.

1847: 1835: 1691: 1611: 1527: 1510: 1367: 1222: 1202: 880: 875: 855: 835: 750: 721: 696: 572: 550: 535: 510: 350: 272: 235: 230: 127: 4663: 4042: 5725: 5685: 4467: 4263: 3988: 3775: 3722:. The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north. The 3462: 3408: 3092:

The 11th Airborne, as the attacking force, was assigned the objective of capturing

2649: 2586: 2570:

Japan built a combat strike force of 825 gliders but never committed it to battle.

2439: 2322: 2261: 2242: 2231: 2193: 2149: 2034: 1960: 1940: 1935: 1830: 1775: 1409: 1404: 1227: 1142: 885: 619: 520: 317: 221: 2668:

The Allies eventually formed two British and five American divisions: the British

2245:

was also experimenting with the idea, planning to drop entire units complete with

17: 5316:

Raising Churchill's Army – The British Army And The War Against Germany 1919–1945

5230:

Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944

4617: 4540: 3878:

via covert operations. The regiment earned the battle honours of Poongli Bridge,

3842:

with the intention of infiltrating Indian airbases and sabotaging them. The SSG (

2133:, and so extensive planning is critical to the success of an airborne operation. 5735: 5695: 5690: 5421:

Birth of a Regiment: The 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment in Sicily and Salerno

5279:

Paratrooper – The Saga Of Parachute And Glider Combat Troops During World War II

5272:

Pamphlet No. 20-232, Historical Study – Airborne Operations – A German Appraisal

5189: 5156: 4051: 3933: 3739: 3723: 3622: 3481: 3455: 3404: 3160: 2815:

and demolished a span of the aqueduct near Tragino in a daring night raid named

2654: 2607: 2599: 2564: 2478: 2325:

was put in overall command of developing a paratrooper force to be known as the

2189: 2081: 1945: 1696: 1661: 1500: 1187: 1152: 860: 803: 706: 490: 211: 206: 37: 5287:

When Failure Thrives: Institutions and the Evolution of Postwar Airborne Forces

4740:

USAF Historical Study No. 74: Airborne Missions in the Mediterranean, 1942–1945

3211: 4284:

On March 23, 2003, 3/75 Ranger Regiment conducted a combat jump into northern

4104: 4102:. As an elite force, the VDV developed two distinctive items of clothing: the 3779: 3692: 3502: 3112: 2603: 2385: 2341: 2250: 2164:

envisioned the danger of airborne attack in 1784, only a few months after the

2141: 2113: 1902: 1872: 1594: 958: 3625:

secured Japanese coastal defences, which enabled the seaborne assault by the

2839:

in order to destroy the Axis fighter force on the ground before the start of

2625:, in October/November 1941, at the then-Welllingdon Airport (now the defunct 5670: 5076: 3973: 3957: 3814: 3715: 3704: 3490: 3262: 3156: 3016: 2908: 2618: 2408: 2318: 2301: 2281: 2145: 2130: 2106:

to bring in larger forces before carrying out other combat objectives. Some

1892: 1716: 1666: 1616: 1606: 1601: 1466: 1257: 1252: 1217: 654: 340: 307: 196: 4725: 3567:. The U.S. 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment's most famous operation was a 3356: 5588:— "Operation Varsity: Allied Airborne Assault Over the Rhine River" (1998) 4058:

The Soviet Union maintained the world's largest airborne force during the

3425:

destroyed at Arnhem, and the final Rhine bridge remained in German hands.

2778:, throughout the war. The largest drop during the war was corp-sized (the 5533:

American Eagles – The 101st Airborne's Assault On Fortress Europe 1944/45

5442:

By Air To Battle – The Official Account Of The British Airborne Divisions

4338: 4278: 4084: 4059: 4019: 3607: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3180: 3169: 3130: 2981:

and Company 'A' of the 307th Airborne Engineer Battalion), under Colonel

2828: 2518: 2381: 2125: 2124:. Their necessarily-slow descent causes paratroopers to be vulnerable to 2088: 2077: 1907: 1882: 1515: 1147: 1122: 735: 290: 164: 4507:"Founders Online: From Benjamin Franklin to Ingenhousz, 16 January 1784" 4449: 5715: 5700: 4228: 4190: 3879: 3700: 3667: 3009: 3005: 2912: 2556: 2538: 2353: 2349: 2265: 2103: 2073: 2069: 1917: 1877: 1641: 1475: 1471: 813: 798: 674: 335: 330: 300: 239: 201: 27:

Military units set up to be moved by aircraft and "dropped" into battle

4062:, consisting of seven airborne divisions and a training division. The 2993:

ships shot down 23 of the transports as they flew over the beachhead.

4023: 3529:. This was the first Allied airborne assault in the Pacific Theater. 3498: 3360: 3352: 2836: 2293: 2289: 1424: 820: 637: 373: 5623: 5613: 5597:— "101st Airborne Division Participate in Operation Overlord" (2004) 5569: 4848:

Hastings, Max, 'Armageddon: The Battle For Germany 1944–1945', p.431

3335:, the invasion of Southern France, with a dawn assault. Called the " 2076:

into battle zones, typically by parachute drop. Parachute-qualified

4128:

The Soviets maintained three glider infantry regiments until 1965.

3509:. A battalion dropped minutes earlier is landing in the foreground. 3473:

The following airborne operations against the Japanese are famous.

3434:

the German offensive to persevere and secure the ultimate victory.

2657:

training methods on how training can be done in June 1940, General

4448: 4176: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4080: 4072: 4047: 4041: 4015: 3875: 3675: 3480: 3412: 3390: 3256: 3210: 3152: 2812: 2622: 2577: 2560: 2080:

and support personnel serving in airborne units are also known as

895: 431: 426: 29: 5564: 4641:"The Japanese Invasion of Dutch West Timor Island, February 1942" 4529:. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v–ix. 3714:

The second combat jump was made on Wednesday, March 21, 1951, at

3051:

of the Eighth Army, which re-took the bridge at dawn on 16 July.

5720: 5675: 4334: 4285: 4034:, it was the South African Army's first major airborne assault. 3992: 3929: 3909: 3629:

to attain its objectives with a minimum of casualties and time.

3125: 2904: 2211: 2137: 191: 186: 5627: 5540:"Bounce The Rhine" – The Greatest Airborne Operation In History 5042:(Winter). United States Army Special Operations Command: 52–54. 4595:"The Japanese paratroopers in the Dutch East Indies, 1941–1942" 3327:

provisional airborne division, commanded by U.S. Major General

3047:

recaptured it. They held the high ground until relieved by the

5379:

Out Of The Blue – U.S Army Airborne Operations In World War II

5244:

Ridgway's Paratroopers – The American Airborne In World War II

5190:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942" 4408: 4349: 4026:

on 4 May 1978. Conducted as one of the three major actions of

3497:

and elements of the Australian Army's 2/4th Field Regiment at

3339:", the force was composed of the 1st Special Services Forces, 3084:

McNair ordered 11th Airborne Division commander Major general

2985:, behind American lines at Farello airfield resulted in heavy 2972:, and they fared little better. Only 12 out of 137 gliders in 64: 5498:

Operation Plunder – The British & Canadian Rhine Crossing

5491:

The Red Beret – The Story Of The Parachute Regiment 1940–1945

4291:

On March 26, 2003, the U.S. 173rd Airborne Brigade conducted

5601: 5512:

Airborne To Battle – A History Of Airborne Warfare 1918–1971

4668:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

4645:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

4622:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

4599:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

3343:, the 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team, the 509th and 5570:

AirborneSappers.org: Airborne Engineers Association website

5138:"The development of airborne warfare tactics (1935 – 2020)" 4742:(1953) Air Force Historical research Agency (AFHRA), p. 40. 4705:

The Soviet Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (1983), p. 174.

3416:

the U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, as well as the

4686:

Soviet military operational art: in pursuit of deep battle

4189:

On July 20, 1974, several landings took place at north of

2230:

divisions. Although they later fought with distinction in

5614:

Pathfindergroupuk.com: Pathfinder Parachute Group website

5560:

Nga-airborne-assoc.org: NGA Airborne Association website

5463:

The Red Devils – The Story Of The British Airborne Forces

4120:, which carried the airborne troops and their equipment. 3695:. The first combat jump was made on October 20, 1950, at 2977:

Combat Team (composed of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, the

2426:

greatest victory and greatest losses occurred during the

2356:. A paratroop detachment also dropped at the airfield of 4314:'s paratroopers conducted combat jump operations during 3691:("Rakkasans") made two combat jumps in Korea during the 5477:

The Rhine Crossing – 9th US Army & 17th US Airborne

5302:

Airborne – A Combat History Of American Airborne Forces

4425: 4374: 4258:, and to restore the democratically elected president, 2692:. By 1944, the British divisions were grouped into the 5526:

Assault From The Sky – The History Of Airborne Warfare

4457:. Wings are a symbol commonly worn by airborne forces. 4254:, an effort to overthrow the military dictatorship of 2304:

who would be a uniformed medical unit during wartime.

3371:, phase 2, simultaneous with the beach landings, and 4087:

self-propelled 120 mm gun-howitzer-mortars and

2399:, the Germans threw into battle almost their entire 5040:

Veritas: Journal of Army Special Operations History

4299:, to seize an airfield and support special forces ( 3774:, on October 29, 1956, Israeli paratroopers led by 3395:Waves of paratroops land in the Netherlands during 2823:

Operation Squatter: Raid on Axis airfields in Libya

2257:, in the Kiev military district maneuvers of 1935. 5579:— "Airborne Operations During World War II" (2004) 4545:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. p. 35. 4329:In January 2013, 250 French paratroopers from the 2277:. They commenced the first course on May 3, 1936. 2184:An early modern operation was first envisioned by 5386:"Over The Rhine" – The Last Days Of War In Europe 5107:"French-led operation looks north after Timbuktu" 5007:Fighting Elites: A History of U.S. Special Forces 3610:, operated behind Japanese lines during 1944. In 2645:, but the war ended before it could materialize. 2544:On 6 December 1944, a 750-strong detachment from 2503:. They used paratroops in several battles in the 5237:101st Airborne: The Screaming Eagles at Normandy 3766:Suez crisis: Operations Machbesh & Musketeer 3666:: the capture of Yogyakarta, and the capture of 3244:capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges 2802:Operation Colossus: Raid on the Tragino Aqueduct 2361:by that time the Norwegian government had fled. 4337:to support an offensive to capture the city of 4067:a light infantry force, VDV has evolved into a 2174: 5053:Schmitt, Eric; Rohde, David (March 27, 2003). 4071:parachute-deployed force thanks to its use of 4010:During the War in Angola, paratroopers of the 2336:During the invasions of Norway and Denmark in 48:aircraft during water rescue training off the 5639: 5344:Para! – Fifty Years Of The Parachute Regiment 4971:United States Army Special Operations Command 4363:The examples and perspective in this section 3375:, phase 3. A second daylight parachute drop, 2774:airborne forces, as part of their concept of 2725:The first U.S. airborne operation was by the 2042: 8: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4018:(SWAPO) military base at the former town of 3790:'s first and largest combat parachute drop. 2452:glider-based assault on the Gran Sasso Hotel 2326: 5505:The airborne troops during the World War II 5332:, Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 1974 5265:The Penguin History of the Second World War 5182:Armageddon – The Battle For Germany 1944–45 4857:The paratroopers were dropped from Italian 4146: 3532:In July 1944, the 503rd jumped again, onto 3387:Operation Market Garden: "A Bridge Too Far" 2898:British airborne operations in North Africa 2868:two killed, six wounded, and six captured. 5646: 5632: 5624: 5428:The History of the 101st Airborne Division 4718:With the 6th Airborne Division in Normandy 4381:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 3571:("The Rock") in February 1945, during the 3323:On August 15, 1944, airborne units of the 2589:talking to paratroopers in preparation of 2513:airborne troops were first dropped at the 2049: 2035: 54: 5528:, David & Charles Publisher plc, 1988 5507:, Military Publishing House Romania, 2006 5351:Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945 5304:, The Random House Publishing Group, 2002 4664:"The battle for Palembang, February 1942" 4397:Learn how and when to remove this message 3341:British 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade 3218:speaks with American paratroopers of the 2955:456th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion 2672:and 6th Airborne Divisions, and the U.S. 2268:(Borstel), and was allocated a number of 5223:Forgotten Voices Of The Second World War 5065:from the original on September 14, 2017. 3429:Operation Repulse: re-supply of Bastogne 3418:Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade 2945:(consisting of the 3rd Battalion of the 2617:An Airlanding School was also set up in 2474:and later postwar leader of Yugoslavia. 1008:List of military strategies and concepts 5444:, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1945 4498: 4016:South West Africa People's Organization 3782:to cut off and engage Egyptian forces. 2430:. Signals intelligence, in the form of 2380:'s route of march through the southern 62: 3948:made the only combat jump in Vietnam. 3804:2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment 3166:American airborne landings in Normandy 3058:Swing Board and the Knollwood Maneuver 2943:505th Parachute Regimental Combat Team 2751:517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team 4559:from the original on 12 December 2017 3689:187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team 3563:, the same units which undertook the 3438:Operation Varsity: The Rhine Crossing 3049:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division 7: 5117:from the original on 29 January 2013 3606:A large British force, known as the 3582:made the division's first jump near 3019:guns, took off from North Africa in 2606:, which trained all 60,000 European 2555:unit, attacked U.S. airbases in the 5514:, William Kimber & Co Ltd, 1971 5087:from the original on 22 August 2017 4865:by General Alberto Thorndike Elmore 4445:NATO Tactical Air Doctrine ATP-33 B 4237:Omar Torrijos International Airport 4225:Omar Torrijos International Airport 4214:Point Salines International Airport 3908:. Following a naval bombardment of 3345:551st Parachute Infantry Battalions 3265:inspects men of the 7th Battalion, 2851:Operation Biting: The Bruneval raid 2206:suggested dropping elements of the 2120:protects parachutists in distress, 4618:"The Fall of Menado, January 1942" 4539:Holt, Tonie; Holt, Valmai (2006). 4473:High-altitude military parachuting 4303:). The paratroopers departed from 3319:Operation Dragoon: Southern France 3300:. Dingson was conducted alongside 2727:509th Parachute Infantry Battalion 25: 5602:Theparas.co.uk: The Paras website 5435:Arnhem 1944 – The Airborne Battle 5430:, Turner Publishing Company, 2005 5353:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005 5260:. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004 5253:. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004 3896:Indonesian Invasion of East Timor 3890:Indonesian Invasion of East Timor 3858:Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 3580:511th Parachute Infantry Regiment 3519:503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment 3349:550th Airborne Infantry Battalion 3220:502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment 3106:541st Parachute Infantry Regiment 3094:Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield 2951:307th Airborne Engineer Battalion 5618:WWII parachute jump reenactments 5500:, Pen & Sword Military, 2006 5479:, Pen & Sword Military, 2006 5451:, Motorbooks International, 2005 5402:, Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 2004 5239:. Motorbooks International, 2001 5196:from the original on 2011-07-26. 4674:from the original on 2015-07-09. 4651:from the original on 2013-09-25. 4628:from the original on 2012-12-02. 4605:from the original on 2015-07-08. 4478:List of airborne artillery units 4412: 4354: 4269:On October 19, 2001, as part of 3832:Indian Annexation of Goa in 1961 3269:, 1st Airborne Division, in the 2629:) to train paratroopers for the 82: 5407:D-Day With The Screaming Eagles 5381:, Purdue University Press, 1998 5318:, Oxford University Press, 2000 5136:Hegedûs, Ernõ (February 2021). 4593:Donaldson, Graham (1999–2000). 4295:into northern Iraq, during the 3573:Philippines campaign of 1944–45 3226:on the evening of June 5, 1944. 2979:376th Parachute Field Artillery 2741:and Italy in 1943, and both in 2521:in January 1942, and then near 5274:, 1951, Department Of The Army 5113:. FRANCE 24. 29 January 2013. 4966:"75th Ranger Regiment History" 4266:, averting the entire mission. 4161:in Kashmir, precipitating the 3904:used airborne troops in their 3813:were landed by helicopters in 3727:60th Parachute Field Ambulance 3654:Indonesian War of Independence 3556:and elements of Major General 3242:. This operation included the 2260:One of the observing parties, 2219:United States Army Air Service 1: 5586:World War II History Magazine 5577:World War II History Magazine 5489:Saunders, Hilary St. George, 5004:Fredricksen, John C. (2011). 4525:Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, 3627:26th Indian Infantry Division 3267:King's Own Scottish Borderers 3045:German 4th Parachute Regiment 3025:British 1st Parachute Brigade 3002:British 5th Infantry Division 2892:Operation Torch: North Africa 2729:in November 1942, as part of 2643:British 6th Airborne Division 2635:50th Indian Parachute Brigade 2548:("Raiding Division") and the 2491:("Raiding Brigades") and the 2236:United States Army Air Forces 5337:Arnhem – A Tragedy Of Errors 5311:, Helion & Company, 2004 4720:. London (UK): Sampson Low. 4316:Operation Black Thunderstorm 3495:U.S. 503d Parachute Regiment 3023:. The initial target of the 2714:. Both corps fell under the 2639:2nd Indian Airborne Division 2241:At about the same time, the 5565:ArmyParatrooper.org website 5157:10.17047/HADTUD.2021.31.2.3 4944:"'A Different Kind of War'" 4688:, Frank Cass, London, 1991 4578:"Parachute Jumping Nurses." 4377:, discuss the issue on the 4288:to seize a desert airfield. 4252:Operation Restore Democracy 3906:1975 invasion of East Timor 3778:dropped onto the important 3070:, the overall commander of 3004:as it swept inland towards 2843:, a major offensive by the 2397:invasion of the Netherlands 1506:Military–industrial complex 980:Operational manoeuvre group 42:720th Special Tactics Group 5793: 5595:Military History Quarterly 5535:, Eskdale Publishing, 2001 5493:, Michael Joseph Ltd, 1954 5423:, Permuted Press LLC, 2022 5258:D-Day – The First 72 Hours 5232:. Stackpole Books US, 2006 4483:List of paratrooper forces 4271:Operation Enduring Freedom 4135: 4003: 4000:Angolan Bush War: Cassinga 3955: 3914:Indonesian seaborne troops 3893: 3886:—during these operations. 3836:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 3822:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 3161:transponding radar beacons 2926: 2895: 2880: 2716:First Allied Airborne Army 2505:Dutch East Indies campaign 2275:Ausbildungskommando Immans 2129:both the paratroopers and 2108:infantry fighting vehicles 5661: 5440:Ministry Of Information, 5367:, B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1998 5267:, Penguin Books Ltd, 1999 5010:. ABC-CLIO. p. 247. 4307:, Italy on fifteen C-17s. 3864:Bangladesh Liberation War 3828:Indo-Pakistan War of 1947 3707:; and to rescue American 3565:capture of Mindoro island 3236:glider transported troops 2929:Allied invasion of Sicily 2780:Vyazma airborne Operation 2405:landed at three airfields 2280:Other nations, including 2210:behind German lines near 1570:Loss-of-strength gradient 422:Combat information center 5777:Types of military forces 5270:Department Of The Army, 5256:Buckingham, William F., 5249:Buckingham, William F., 4032:South African Border War 3978:Rhodesian Security Force 3964:Rhodesian Light Infantry 3718:, South Korea codenamed 3246:, and the attack on the 3135:Allied invasion of Italy 2888:own airborne divisions. 2877:Operation Mercury: Crete 2690:101st Airborne Divisions 1888:Military science fiction 1373:Technology and equipment 789:List of military tactics 5346:, Orion Books Ltd, 1996 5339:, Caxton Editions, 2000 5330:British Airborne Troops 5188:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 4662:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 4639:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 4616:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 4157:to gain control of the 3941:Operation Junction City 3912:, on December 7, 1975, 3639:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 3633:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 3397:Operation Market Garden 3337:1st Airborne Task Force 3224:101st Airborne Division 3139:82nd Airborne artillery 2923:Operation Husky: Sicily 2663:101st Airborne Division 2458:mountains, and rescued 2348:linking the islands of 2217:Following the war, the 2122:but not airborne troops 1956:Wartime sexual violence 1712:Full-spectrum dominance 1523:Supply-chain management 35:United States Air Force 5416:, Presidio Press, 2002 5412:Koskimaki, George E., 5409:, Presidio Press, 2002 5405:Koskimaki, George E., 5388:, Spellmount Ltd, 1985 5363:Hibbert, Christopher, 5325:, Leo Cooper Ltd, 1994 5290:. The Army Press, 2015 5246:. The Dial Press, 1985 4924:Guinness World Records 4909:Schwarz (2003), p. 204 4716:Gale, Richard (1948). 4458: 4331:11th Parachute Brigade 4281:to secure an airfield. 4260:Jean-Bertrand Aristide 4248:Port-au-Prince Airport 4221:U.S invasion of Panama 4212:made a combat jump on 4182: 4124:Soviet Glider Infantry 4055: 4038:Soviet and Russian VDV 3946:173rd Airborne Brigade 3660:Korps Speciale Troepen 3561:24th Infantry Division 3513:In September 1943, in 3510: 3400: 3274: 3227: 3039:shot down many of the 2963:1st Airlanding Brigade 2761:saw combat as a unit. 2701:Sir Frederick Browning 2594: 2493:Imperial Japanese Navy 2483:Imperial Japanese Army 2436:their light 75 mm guns 2327: 2192:. Later in late 1918. 2182: 1868:Awards and decorations 1841:Peace through strength 1816:Low-intensity conflict 1450:Conscientious objector 1323:Area of responsibility 52: 5547:Slaughter Over Sicily 5542:, Grafton Books, 1987 5486:, Coronet Books, 1984 5465:, Pan Books Ltd, 1973 5437:, Penguin Books, 1995 5433:Middlebrook, Martin, 5419:Lunteren, Frank van, 5263:Calvocoressi, Peter, 5214:Ambrose, Stephen E., 5207:Ambrose, Stephen E., 5081:www.173rdairborne.com 4954:on September 7, 2010. 4920:"Highest battlefield" 4527:The User of Air Power 4488:Pathfinder (military) 4452: 4333:jumped into northern 4320:Operation Rah-e-Nijat 4297:2003 invasion of Iraq 4180: 4045: 3844:Special Service Group 3592:Camalaniugan Airfield 3569:landing on Corregidor 3527:Salamaua-Lae campaign 3484: 3394: 3308:as part of Overlord. 3260: 3214: 2949:, Company 'B' of the 2737:, with the former in 2614:during World War II. 2581: 455:Torpedo data computer 445:Ship gun fire-control 33: 5767:Military parachuting 5398:Kershaw, Robert J., 5393:The Second World War 5300:Flanagan, E.M. Jr., 5281:, Robson Books, 1979 5225:. Edbury Press, 2005 5218:. Pocket Books, 2001 5211:. Pocket Books, 2003 4375:improve this section 4365:may not represent a 4275:3rd Ranger Battalion 4250:in Haiti as part of 4210:75th Ranger Regiment 4155:Indian Armed Forces' 3991:helicopters and one 3558:Roscoe B. Woodruff's 3248:Merville gun battery 3216:Dwight D. Eisenhower 3064:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2811:bombers flying from 2797:Early commando raids 2705:XVIII Airborne Corps 2529:, in February 1942. 2370:Brandenburg Regiment 2338:Operation Weserübung 2097:vertical envelopment 1986:Military occupations 1821:Military engineering 1723:Unrestricted Warfare 1580:Force multiplication 473:Military manoeuvrers 5472:, Adlib Books, 1990 5349:Harclerode, Peter, 5342:Harclerode, Peter, 5335:Harclerode, Peter, 5297:, Cassell Ltd, 1981 5277:Devlin, Gerard M., 4861:bomber-transports. 4233:M551 Sheridan tanks 4219:In 1989 during the 4206:Invasion of Grenada 4083:armoured carriers, 3795:Operation Musketeer 3746:First Indochina War 3485:September 5, 1943. 3365:Operation Albatross 3347:, the glider-borne 3329:Robert T. Frederick 3076:Army Chief of Staff 2845:British Eighth Army 2755:Battle of the Bulge 2722:Lewis H. Brereton. 2631:British Indian Army 2535:Battle of Palembang 2533:made a jump at the 2390:German Army Group B 2166:first manned flight 2070:carried by aircraft 1672:Penal military unit 1657:Rules of engagement 1333:Command and control 953:Operations research 417:Director (military) 407:Fire-control system 177:Command and control 58:Part of a series on 5607:2015-03-02 at the 5549:, Leo Cooper, 1992 5538:Whiting, Charles, 5531:Whiting, Charles, 5510:Tugwell, Maurice, 5458:, Motorbooks, 2006 5377:Huston, James A., 5228:Balkoski, Joseph, 5059:The New York Times 4976:United States Army 4459: 4424:. You can help by 4183: 4143:Operation Meghdoot 4138:Operation Meghdoot 4132:Operation Meghdoot 4056: 4028:Operation Reindeer 4012:South African Army 4006:Battle of Cassinga 3952:Rhodesian Bush War 3868:Parachute Regiment 3800:Parachute Regiment 3793:A few days later, 3784:Operation Machbesh 3720:Operation Tomahawk 3649:After World War II 3612:Operation Thursday 3542:Battle of Noemfoor 3517:, the U.S. Army's 3511: 3460:military historian 3401: 3399:in September 1944. 3369:Operation Bluebird 3275: 3228: 3072:Army Ground Forces 3037:anti-aircraft fire 3027:, under Brigadier 2974:Operation Ladbroke 2841:Operation Crusader 2817:Operation Colossus 2784:4th Airborne Corps 2720:Lieutenant General 2698:Lieutenant-General 2694:1st Airborne Corps 2627:Safdarjang Airport 2595: 2587:Princess Elizabeth 2472:Yugoslav Partisans 2470:, the head of the 2300:zones but also as 2118:Geneva Conventions 2093:transport aircraft 1781:Counter-insurgency 1702:Command of the sea 1647:Jewish laws on war 1622:Geneva Conventions 1158:Divide and conquer 948:Military operation 913:Tactical objective 412:Fire-control radar 389:Electronic-warfare 53: 18:Airborne operation 5749: 5748: 5655:Military branches 5545:Whiting, Charles 5521:, Pan Books, 1960 5482:Ryan, Cornelius, 5370:Horrocks, Brian, 5360:, Pan Books, 1999 5184:, Macmillan, 2004 5017:978-1-59884-810-6 4863:Skydiving in Peru 4805:Flanagan, p. 100. 4738:Warren, John C., 4684:Glantz, David M. 4442: 4441: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4324:Pakistani Taliban 4301:Task Force Viking 4151:preemptive strike 4100:Soviet–Afghan War 3939:In February 1967 3752:Troupes de marine 3619:Operation Dracula 3523:landing at Nadzab 3448:Operation Plunder 3443:Operation Varsity 3422:British XXX Corps 3381:U.S. Seventh Army 3333:Operation Dragoon 3302:Operation Samwest 3278:Operation Dingson 3232:Normandy landings 3207:Operation Neptune 3177:Operation Herring 3143:Brigadier General 3021:Operation Fustian 2833:forward airfields 2765:Soviet operations 2610:recruited by the 2574:Allied operations 2424:Fallschirmjägers' 2368:, members of the 2208:U.S. 1st Division 2201:Brigadier General 2199:and his superior 2197:Lewis H. Brereton 2186:Winston Churchill 2178:Ships of the Line 2162:Benjamin Franklin 2059: 2058: 1951:Horses in warfare 1898:Anti-war movement 1801:Gunboat diplomacy 1791:Disaster response 1739:Philosophy of war 1734:Principles of war 1707:Deterrence theory 1652:Right of conquest 1575:Lanchester's laws 1343:Principles of war 1033:Counter-offensive 1013:Military campaign 918:Target saturation 841:Counterinsurgency 450:Gun data computer 384:Close air support 346:Aircraft carriers 50:Florida panhandle 16:(Redirected from 5784: 5762:Airborne warfare 5648: 5641: 5634: 5625: 5593:Historynet.com: 5584:Historynet.com: 5575:Historynet.com: 5517:Urquhart, R.E., 5503:Tanase, Mircea, 5484:A Bridge Too Far 5475:Rawson, Andrew, 5328:Gregory, Barry, 5295:The Sky Generals 5235:Bando, Mark A., 5216:Band of Brothers 5197: 5169: 5168: 5142: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4978:. Archived from 4962: 4956: 4955: 4950:. Archived from 4940: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4916: 4910: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4891: 4885:. Archived from 4884: 4872: 4866: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4779: 4778:Flanagan, p. 99. 4776: 4770: 4769:Flanagan, p. 98. 4767: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4590: 4584: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4536: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4503: 4437: 4434: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4382: 4358: 4357: 4350: 4241:Rio Hato Airport 4204:During the 1983 4195:Operation Atilla 4163:Siachen conflict 4153:launched by the 4148: 4069:fully mechanized 3926:Battle of Ap Bac 3924:In 1963, in the 3786:(Press) was the 3709:prisoners of war 3538:Dutch New Guinea 3377:Operation Canary 3298:Operation Cooney 3189:Operation Potato 3086:Joseph May Swing 3068:Lesley J. McNair 2865:Operation Biting 2735:European Theater 2515:Battle of Manado 2460:Benito Mussolini 2366:Battle of France 2346:Storstrøm Bridge 2332: 2298:natural disaster 2255:Archibald Wavell 2051: 2044: 2037: 1806:Humanitarian aid 1744:Security dilemma 1565:Power projection 1348:Economy of force 1328:Chain of command 1043:Defence in depth 1028:Commerce raiding 846:Defeat in detail 182:Defense ministry 86: 77: 76: 67: 55: 21: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5731:Security forces 5711:Military police 5706:Missile defence 5666:Airborne forces 5657: 5652: 5609:Wayback Machine 5556: 5496:Saunders, Tim, 5470:Airborne Forces 5454:Nordyke, Phil, 5447:Nordyke, Phil, 5426:Jones, Robert, 5395:, Pimlico, 1997 5384:Jewell, Brian, 5374:, Collins, 1960 5356:Hastings, Max, 5323:A Drop Too Many 5314:French, David, 5293:Dover, Victor, 5204: 5202:Further reading 5187: 5180:Hastings, Max, 5177: 5172: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5111:france24.com/en 5105: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4985: 4983: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4948:www.nytimes.com 4942: 4941: 4937: 4928: 4926: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4839:Huston, p. 137. 4838: 4834: 4830:Huston, p. 136. 4829: 4818: 4814:Devlin, p. 247. 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4787:Devlin, p. 246. 4786: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4683: 4679: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4581:Popular Science 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4553: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4520: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4464: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4422:needs expansion 4403: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4372: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4305:Aviano Air Base 4229:Tocumen, Panama 4175: 4159:Siachen Glacier 4140: 4134: 4126: 4093:tank destroyers 4040: 4008: 4002: 3962:The men of the 3960: 3954: 3922: 3902:Indonesian Army 3898: 3892: 3882:and Defence of 3872:Tangail airdrop 3860: 3824: 3768: 3748: 3685: 3664:Operation Kraai 3656: 3651: 3635: 3604: 3554:George M. Jones 3550: 3534:Noemfoor Island 3479: 3471: 3469:Pacific Theater 3452:21st Army Group 3440: 3431: 3389: 3321: 3240:Operation Tonga 3209: 3197: 3175:In April 1945, 3122: 3079:George Marshall 3060: 3029:Gerald Lathbury 2965:, commanded by 2959:glider infantry 2931: 2925: 2900: 2894: 2885: 2883:Battle of Crete 2879: 2874: 2853: 2825: 2804: 2799: 2788:Battle of Kursk 2767: 2747:the Netherlands 2731:Operation Torch 2712:Matthew Ridgway 2583:Queen Elizabeth 2576: 2468:Josip Broz Tito 2428:Battle of Crete 2378:Panzer Division 2374:Fieseler Fi 156 2329:Fallschirmjäger 2315: 2313:Axis operations 2310: 2190:First World War 2170:hot air balloon 2159: 2062:Airborne forces 2055: 2026: 2025: 1976: 1966: 1965: 1931: 1923: 1922: 1863: 1853: 1852: 1826:Multilateralism 1811:Law enforcement 1771: 1761: 1760: 1729:Just war theory 1687: 1677: 1676: 1627:Geneva Protocol 1597: 1587: 1586: 1560: 1550: 1549: 1491: 1481: 1480: 1388: 1378: 1377: 1318: 1308: 1307: 1273: 1263: 1262: 1193:Network-centric 1113: 1103: 1102: 1005: 995: 994: 943: 933: 932: 881:Rapid dominance 786: 776: 775: 731:Electromagnetic 640: 630: 629: 616: 569: 517: 493: 483: 482: 478:Combat training 459: 436: 402:Combat systems: 398: 360: 356:Auxiliary ships 322: 282: 278:Military police 244: 167: 157: 156: 96: 70: 69: 68: 63: 46:C-130J Hercules 44:jumping from a 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5790: 5788: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5741:Special forces 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5611: 5599: 5590: 5581: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5555: 5554:External links 5552: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5468:Otway, T.B.H, 5466: 5461:Norton, G.G., 5459: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5396: 5391:Keegan, John, 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5307:Flint, Keith, 5305: 5298: 5291: 5284:DeVore, Marc, 5282: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5212: 5209:Pegasus Bridge 5203: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5185: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5128: 5098: 5068: 5045: 5030: 5016: 4996: 4982:on 14 May 2012 4957: 4935: 4911: 4902: 4867: 4859:Caproni Ca.111 4850: 4841: 4832: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4796:Huston, p. 98. 4789: 4780: 4771: 4762: 4760:Warren, p. 53. 4753: 4751:Warren, p. 47. 4744: 4731: 4707: 4698: 4677: 4654: 4631: 4608: 4585: 4570: 4551: 4531: 4518: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4447: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4419: 4417: 4405: 4404: 4369:of the subject 4367:worldwide view 4362: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4327: 4308: 4289: 4282: 4267: 4244: 4217: 4202: 4198: 4174: 4173:Recent history 4171: 4136:Main article: 4133: 4130: 4125: 4122: 4075:-series light 4039: 4036: 4004:Main article: 4001: 3998: 3956:Main article: 3953: 3950: 3921: 3918: 3894:Main article: 3891: 3888: 3859: 3856: 3840:Pakistani Army 3823: 3820: 3770:Launching the 3767: 3764: 3756:Foreign Legion 3747: 3744: 3684: 3681: 3672:Mohammad Hatta 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3643:Puerto Bolívar 3634: 3631: 3603: 3600: 3584:Tagaytay Ridge 3549: 3546: 3478: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3388: 3385: 3373:Operation Dove 3363:, in phase 1, 3325:6th Army Group 3320: 3317: 3306:Operation Lost 3271:North Midlands 3252:U.S. VII Corps 3208: 3205: 3196: 3195:Western Europe 3193: 3185:Northern Italy 3146:Maxwell Taylor 3131:Volturno river 3121: 3118: 3102:North Carolina 3059: 3056: 2927:Main article: 2924: 2921: 2893: 2890: 2881:Main article: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2857:Würzburg radar 2852: 2849: 2835:of Gambut and 2824: 2821: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2766: 2763: 2659:William C. Lee 2575: 2572: 2553:special forces 2546:Teishin Shudan 2527:Timor campaign 2507:of 1941–1942. 2501:) paratroopers 2464:failed attempt 2454:, high in the 2417:Luftlandekorps 2401:Luftlandekorps 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2204:Billy Mitchell 2158: 2155: 2140:technologies ( 2057: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1991:Military terms 1988: 1983: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1749:Tripwire force 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1589: 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967: 962: 955: 950: 944: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 899: 898: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 817: 816: 811: 806: 796: 787: 782: 781: 778: 777: 774: 773: 771:Unconventional 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 719: 717:Disinformation 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 688: 687: 682: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 641: 636: 635: 632: 631: 628: 627: 622: 615: 614: 613: 612: 611: 610: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 568: 567: 566: 565: 564: 563: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 516: 515: 514: 513: 508: 503: 494: 489: 488: 485: 484: 481: 480: 475: 470: 468:Basic training 465: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 397: 396: 394:Reconnaissance 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 359: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 321: 320: 315: 313:Special forces 310: 305: 304: 303: 293: 288: 281: 280: 275: 270: 268:Reconnaissance 265: 260: 255: 250: 243: 242: 233: 228: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 168: 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 147: 137: 136: 135: 130: 120: 119: 118: 111:Post-classical 108: 103: 97: 92: 91: 88: 87: 79: 78: 60: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5789: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5644: 5642: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5524:Weeks, John, 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5321:Frost, John, 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5242:Blair, Clay, 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5221:Arthur, Max, 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5129: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5099: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5031: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4906: 4903: 4892:on 2016-04-14 4888: 4881: 4879: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4714:Described in 4711: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4694:0-7146-4077-8 4691: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4558: 4554: 4552:9781844153770 4548: 4544: 4543: 4535: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4444: 4443: 4436: 4427: 4423: 4420:This section 4418: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4401: 4398: 4390: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4312:Pakistan Army 4309: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4293:a combat jump 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4139: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4089:2S25 Sprut-SD 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866:of 1971, the 3865: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811:Royal Marines 3807: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772:1956 Suez War 3765: 3763: 3761: 3760:Dien Bien Phu 3757: 3753: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3525:, during the 3524: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3507:Battle of Lae 3505:, during the 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3454:to cross the 3453: 3449: 3444: 3437: 3435: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3384: 3383:came ashore. 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3313:Locoal-Mendon 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3201:Western Front 3194: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179:, an Italian 3178: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2987:friendly fire 2984: 2983:Reuben Tucker 2980: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2930: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2876: 2872:Mediterranean 2871: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776:"deep battle" 2771: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2749:in 1944. The 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2709:Major General 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2593:, 19 May 1944 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2525:, during the 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2450:led a daring 2449: 2448:Otto Skorzeny 2444: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2344:to seize the 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2270:Junkers Ju 52 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2179: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157:Early history 2156: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:ground combat 2063: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878:Warrior caste 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1848:Show of force 1846: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1836:Peacebuilding 1834: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1692:Air supremacy 1690: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1632:Islamic rules 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1612:Court-martial 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1511:Arms industry 1509: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1128:Broken-backed 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1004: 999: 998: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 965:Expeditionary 963: 961: 960: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 945: 942: 937: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 897: 894: 893: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 836:Counterattack 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 790: 785: 780: 779: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 761:Psychological 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 697:Combined arms 695: 693: 690: 686: 683: 681: 678: 677: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 642: 639: 634: 633: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 571: 570: 562: 559: 558: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 536:Fortification 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 522: 519: 518: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 496: 495: 492: 487: 486: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 361: 357: 354: 352: 351:Landing craft 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 302: 299: 298: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 241: 237: 236:Standing army 234: 232: 229: 227: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 169: 166: 161: 160: 151: 148: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 134: 131: 129: 128:pike and shot 126: 125: 124: 121: 117: 114: 113: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 95: 90: 89: 85: 81: 80: 74: 66: 61: 57: 56: 51: 47: 43: 39: 36: 32: 19: 5772:Paratroopers 5726:Public Force 5686:Border guard 5665: 5617: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5181: 5148: 5144: 5131: 5119:. Retrieved 5110: 5101: 5089:. Retrieved 5080: 5071: 5058: 5048: 5039: 5033: 5021:. Retrieved 5006: 4999: 4991: 4984:. Retrieved 4980:the original 4969: 4960: 4952:the original 4947: 4938: 4927:. Retrieved 4923: 4914: 4905: 4894:. Retrieved 4887:the original 4877: 4870: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4783: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4747: 4739: 4734: 4717: 4710: 4701: 4685: 4680: 4667: 4657: 4644: 4634: 4621: 4611: 4598: 4588: 4580: 4573: 4561:. Retrieved 4541: 4534: 4526: 4521: 4510:. Retrieved 4501: 4468:Airborne gun 4430: 4426:adding to it 4421: 4393: 4384: 4364: 4322:against the 4264:Jimmy Carter 4256:Raoul Cédras 4184: 4167: 4142: 4141: 4127: 4103: 4097: 4091:125 mm 4068: 4057: 4009: 3989:Alouette III 3986: 3982: 3972: 3969: 3961: 3938: 3923: 3899: 3861: 3852: 3848: 3825: 3808: 3792: 3783: 3776:Ariel Sharon 3769: 3749: 3736: 3732: 3713: 3686: 3657: 3636: 3616: 3605: 3577: 3551: 3531: 3512: 3472: 3463:Max Hastings 3441: 3432: 3402: 3322: 3310: 3276: 3229: 3198: 3174: 3150: 3123: 3110: 3091: 3083: 3061: 3053: 3035:, but heavy 3014: 2995: 2970:Philip Hicks 2932: 2917: 2901: 2886: 2854: 2826: 2805: 2792: 2772: 2768: 2759: 2724: 2667: 2650:coup-de-main 2647: 2616: 2608:paratroopers 2596: 2569: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2530: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2486: 2476: 2445: 2440:Adolf Hitler 2423: 2421: 2416: 2400: 2394: 2363: 2335: 2323:Kurt Student 2316: 2308:World War II 2279: 2274: 2262:Nazi Germany 2259: 2243:Soviet Union 2240: 2232:World War II 2216: 2183: 2175: 2160: 2150:World War II 2136:Advances in 2135: 2112: 2101: 2096: 2086: 2082:paratroopers 2061: 2060: 1961:Fifth column 1941:War resister 1936:Women in war 1831:Peacekeeping 1776:Arms control 1721: 1410:Mobilization 1405:Conscription 1363:Intelligence 1316:Organization 957: 886:Encirclement 766:Radiological 702:Conventional 556:Subterranean 505: 463:Development: 462: 439: 401: 363: 326:Naval units: 325: 318:Signal corps 285: 263:Intelligence 248:Specialties: 247: 172:Organization 123:Early modern 38:paratroopers 5736:Space force 5696:Gendarmerie 5691:Coast guard 5681:Air defence 5372:A Full Life 5251:Arnhem 1944 5151:(2): 3–11. 5145:Hadtudomány 4563:12 December 4052:Afghanistan 4046:A BMD-1 in 4030:during the 4014:attacked a 3934:Vietnam War 3920:Vietnam War 3862:During the 3740:air assault 3724:Indian Army 3637:During the 3623:Indian Army 3594:, south of 3548:Philippines 3456:Rhine River 3284:, southern 3141:commander, 3133:during the 3033:Eighth Army 2939:James Gavin 2718:under U.S. 2655:smokejumper 2600:RAF Ringway 2565:Philippines 2488:Teishin Dan 2481:began, the 2479:Pacific War 2477:Before the 2466:to capture 2251:light tanks 1946:War studies 1769:Non-warfare 1697:Appeasement 1662:Martial law 1501:War economy 1440:Transgender 1393:Recruitment 1153:Containment 1038:Culminating 1018:Anti-access 941:Operational 861:Envelopment 804:Air assault 685:Air cavalry 645:Air defence 625:Information 526:Cold-region 491:Battlespace 440:Historical: 286:Land units: 212:Space force 207:Coast guard 140:Late modern 101:Prehistoric 5756:Categories 5175:References 5121:30 January 4929:2022-05-16 4896:2016-05-25 4512:2018-06-28 4433:April 2023 4387:April 2023 4105:telnyashka 3780:Mitla Pass 3693:Korean War 3683:Korean War 3658:The Dutch 3515:New Guinea 3503:New Guinea 3477:New Guinea 3355:, between 3113:Waco CG-4A 3098:Fort Bragg 2896:See also: 2861:John Frost 2604:Manchester 2511:Rikusentai 2499:Rikusentai 2386:Eben Emael 2372:landed by 2302:reservists 2142:helicopter 2131:airlifters 2114:Protocol I 2074:airdropped 2006:War crimes 1996:Operations 1903:Foot drill 1873:Battle cry 1786:deterrence 1445:Harassment 1420:Specialism 1243:Technology 1238:Succession 1183:Liberation 1118:Asymmetric 1053:Empty fort 959:Blitzkrieg 928:Withdrawal 891:Investment 670:Camouflage 665:Biological 603:Underwater 578:Amphibious 497:Aerospace 364:Air units: 341:Submarines 150:fourth-gen 145:industrial 133:napoleonic 5671:Air force 5165:244418002 4880:Historia" 4455:Parawings 4379:talk page 4310:In 2009, 4193:, during 3974:Fireforce 3958:Fireforce 3815:Port Said 3716:Munsan-ni 3705:Pyongyang 3588:Los Baños 3540:, in the 3491:battalion 3331:, opened 3263:George VI 3157:beachhead 3017:6 pounder 2967:Brigadier 2947:504th PIR 2909:Gibraltar 2619:New Delhi 2563:, in the 2550:Takachiho 2456:Apennines 2409:The Hague 2319:Luftwaffe 2282:Argentina 2146:tiltrotor 1893:War novel 1796:Grey-zone 1756:War games 1717:Overmatch 1667:War crime 1617:Desertion 1607:Ceasefire 1602:Armistice 1489:Logistics 1467:Mercenary 1455:Volunteer 1386:Personnel 1358:Engineers 1303:Sociology 1258:World war 1253:Total war 1233:Strategic 1223:Religious 1208:Political 1203:Perpetual 1178:Irregular 1093:Offensive 1068:Defensive 1063:Deception 1023:Attrition 871:Guerrilla 866:Formation 809:Airbridge 741:Loitering 655:Artillery 308:Artillery 258:Engineers 226:Irregular 197:Air force 40:from the 5605:Archived 5358:Overlord 5194:Archived 5115:Archived 5091:28 April 5085:Archived 5063:Archived 4672:Archived 4649:Archived 4626:Archived 4603:Archived 4557:Archived 4462:See also 4453:British 4373:You may 4346:Doctrine 4339:Timbuktu 4279:Kandahar 4085:2S9 Nona 4060:Cold War 4020:Cassinga 3854:units. 3608:Chindits 3290:Plumelec 3286:Brittany 3282:Morbihan 3181:commando 3170:Avellino 3062:General 2998:Syracuse 2991:U.S Navy 2953:and the 2829:Layforce 2743:Normandy 2641:and the 2559:area on 2497:marine ( 2495:trained 2382:Ardennes 2321:General 2284:, Peru, 2247:vehicles 2148:) since 2126:anti-air 2089:airspace 2078:infantry 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