20:
145:
185:
need to be completely removed for complete inspection of the fuselage metal skin. Such a check can generally take up to 50,000 man-hours, and 2 months to complete depending on the number of technicians involved. It also requires the most space of all maintenance checks, and as such must be performed at a suitable maintenance base. The requirements and the tremendous effort involved in this maintenance check make it by far the most expensive, with total costs for a single D check in the million-dollar range.
19:
274:
As of 2015, there are 731 foreign repair shops certified by the FAA performing critical maintenance inspections and repairs for airplanes operating in the United States. This includes repair facilities performing the "heavy maintenance", D Checks, such as the
Aeroman facility located in El Salvador,
188:
Because of the nature and the cost of a D check, most airlines — especially those with a large fleet — have to plan D checks for their aircraft years in advance. Often, older aircraft being phased out of a particular airline's fleet are either stored or scrapped upon reaching their next D check, due
175:
Some authorities use a type of check, known as a 3C check or
Intermediate Layover (IL), which typically includes light structural maintenance, including checks for corrosion, or on specific high-load parts of the airframe. The 3C check may also be used as the opportunity for cabin upgrades, e.g. new
166:
The C check is performed approximately every 20–24 months, or a specific number of actual flight hours (FH), or as defined by the manufacturer. This maintenance check is much more extensive than the B check, requiring a large majority of the aircraft's components to be inspected. This check puts the
184:
The D check, sometimes known as a "heavy maintenance visit" (HMV), is by far the most comprehensive and demanding check for an airplane. This check occurs approximately every 6-10 years. It is a check that more or less takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul. Even the paint may
102:
Airlines and airworthiness authorities casually refer to the detailed inspections as "checks", commonly one of the following: A check, B check, C check, or D check. A and B checks are lighter checks, while C and D are considered heavier checks. Aircraft operators may perform some work at their own
167:
aircraft out of service for 1–4 weeks. The aircraft must not leave the maintenance site until it is completed. It also requires more space than A and B checks, therefore, it is usually carried out in a hangar at a maintenance base. The effort needed to complete a C check is up to 6,000 man-hours.
135:
The B check is performed approximately every 6-8 months. It takes about 160-180 man-hours, depending on the aircraft, and is usually completed within 1–3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurrence schedule applies to the B check as to the A check. B checks are increasingly incorporated into
176:
seats, entertainment systems, carpeting. This shortens the time the aircraft is out of service, by performing two distinct tasks simultaneously. As component reliability has improved, some MROs now spread the workload across several C checks, or incorporate this 3C check into D checks instead.
94:. Modern aircraft with MSG-3-derived maintenance programs employ usage parameters —such as flight hours, calendar time, or flight cycles—for each required maintenance task included in the MRBR. This allows for more flexibility in the scheduling of maintenance to minimize aircraft downtime.
90:"MSG-3 Operator/Manufacturer Scheduled Maintenance Development" document (MSG-3 is for Maintenance Steering Group – 3rd Task Force). The MRBR is an approved set of aircraft initial maintenance requirements as prescribed by the Appendix H to para. 25.1529 of
38:
that have to be done on all commercial and civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or usage. Military aircraft normally follow specific maintenance programmes which may, or may not, be similar to those of commercial and civil operators.
127:. The actual occurrence of this check varies by aircraft type, the flight cycle count, or the number of hours flown since the last check. The occurrence can be delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met.
66:(EASA). Each operator prepares a Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP) under its Operations Specifications or "OpSpecs". The CAMP includes both routine and detailed inspections.
1043:
1017:
275:
where one in eight mechanics are FAA certified. At a major overhaul base used by United
Airlines in China, the ratio is one FAA-certified mechanic for every 31 non-certified mechanics.
192:
Manufacturers often underestimate the cost of the D check. Boeing underestimates the cost for four of its aircraft, and the expectation is that it has underestimated it for the
1094:
859:
554:
513:
189:
to the high costs involved in comparison to the aircraft's value. On average, a commercial aircraft undergoes two or three D checks before being retired.
629:
599:
1021:
667:
530:
962:
1076:
104:
981:
759:
1057:
924:
729:
144:
1123:
55:
1102:
608:
575:
526:
63:
51:
898:
836:
50:
and other commercial operators of large, or turbine-powered, aircraft follow a continuous inspection program approved by the
701:
1195:
91:
1174:
789:
683:
999:
517:
87:
943:
1200:
354:
429:
414:
384:
193:
399:
79:
35:
601:
Maintenance Review Boards, Maintenance Type Boards, and OEM/TCH Recommended
Maintenance Procedures
1167:
548:
318:
894:
832:
828:
663:
369:
767:
459:
83:
59:
86:
in a
Maintenance Review Board Report (MRBR) based on the analysis performed as outlined in
1098:
569:
196:
which in 2018 had not been in service for long enough to have been put through a D check.
155:
737:
1147:
474:
24:
1189:
821:
444:
1061:
123:, and is usually performed in an airport hangar. The A check takes a minimum of 10
116:
136:
successive A checks, i.e. checks A-1 through A-10 complete all the B check items.
888:
303:
103:
facilities, but often checks, and especially the heavier checks, take place at
630:"UK Aerospace Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul & Logistics Industry Analysis"
229:
216:
151:
797:
119:, or every 200–300 flights, depending on aircraft type. It needs about 50-70
148:
1168:
Description of Checks in relation to the
Airworthiness System on SKYbrary
860:"The Relationship between an Aircraft's Value and its Maintenance Status"
255:
242:
159:
120:
16:
Periodic scheduled inspection performed on aircraft to keep it airworthy
47:
338:
334:
1124:"747‑8 Offers Operational Improvements and Cross-Model Commonality"
1077:"Bombardier Global 7500: A Personal Flying Flagship Without Equal"
925:"Maintenance Reserves Need to Account for Realistic D Check Costs"
478:
143:
1162:
963:"Profitability Is Aim Of Crossover Jets' Better Maintainability"
124:
944:"The Disturbing Truth About How Airplanes Are Maintained Today"
637:
UK Government
Department for Business, Innovation & Skills
199:
All amounts in millions of United States dollars, as of 2018.
75:
1152:
1163:
FAA Flight
Standards Information Management System (FSIMS)
760:"Glossary of aircraft maintenance terms and abbreviations"
1044:"CRJ Series Certified for Higher Maintenance Intervals"
1157:
1020:(Press release). ATR. 25 February 2019. Archived from
724:
722:
1175:"How The A320 Overtook The 737, And MRO Implications"
827:. New Hope, PA: Frank J. Fabozzi Associates. p.
115:
The A check is performed approximately every 400-600
1058:"Singapore: Bombardier to take Q400 up to 90 seats"
1018:"ATR extends Type 'A' Maintenance Visit Intervals"
820:
27:helicopter undergoing routine maintenance in 2005
1046:(Press release). Bombardier. September 24, 2018.
571:Flight Standards Information Management System
529:. pp. 8–15. FAA-H-8083-30. Archived from
8:
982:"How has the CSeries performed in service?"
730:"Aircraft maintenance at Lufthansa Technik"
568:AFS (2009). "Vol. 3 Chapters 18 & 43".
553:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
467:6,000 (or 3,000 Flight Cycles or 18 Months)
60:Transport Canada Civil Aviation Directorate
282:
1095:"Company presentation & improvements"
658:Kinnison, Harry; Siddiqui, Tariq (2011).
919:
917:
890:The Commercial Aircraft Finance Handbook
684:"The A, C and D of aircraft maintenance"
662:(2 ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 122.
519:Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook
491:8/8/6 years (most structures and zonal)
201:
54:(FAA) in the United States, or by other
18:
594:
592:
504:
1148:Description of a D-check at Aerosphere
546:
326:12,000 (or 8,000 cycles or 36 months)
7:
967:Aviation Week & Space Technology
942:Steele, James B. (9 November 2015).
823:Investing in asset-backed securities
514:"Chapter 8. Inspection Fundamentals"
284:flight hours maintenance intervals
82:requirements be generated for each
1081:Business & Commercial Aviation
14:
702:"Major maintenance due for A380s"
611:. 2012. Advisory Circular 121-22C
980:Michael Gubisch (14 July 2017).
105:maintenance, repair and overhaul
1158:Federal Aviation Administration
1101:. November 2013. Archived from
660:Aviation Maintenance Management
609:Federal Aviation Administration
576:Federal Aviation Administration
527:Federal Aviation Administration
323:750 (or 750 cycles or 4 months)
270:Offshore Maintenance Facilities
64:European Aviation Safety Agency
52:Federal Aviation Administration
961:Bernie Baldwin (Sep 7, 2018).
158:Engineering maintenance base,
1:
1173:Alex Derber (Aug 29, 2018).
1075:Fred George (Mar 25, 2019).
819:Fabozzi, Frank, ed. (2000).
70:FAA Maintenance Review Board
887:Scheinberg, Ronald (2017).
32:Aircraft maintenance checks
1217:
464:750 (or 300 Flight Cycles)
154:undergoing C-check at the
1153:Air Transport Association
74:In the United States the
56:airworthiness authorities
355:Bombardier CRJ700 series
430:Mitsubishi Regional Jet
415:Embraer E-Jet E2 family
392:8,500 cycles / 12 years
385:Bombardier Global 7500
163:
28:
1179:Aviation Week Network
147:
107:(MRO) company sites.
78:directs that initial
23:A United States Navy
22:
1196:Aircraft maintenance
800:on 26 September 2014
400:Embraer E-Jet family
80:aircraft maintenance
1133:. Boeing. Oct 2010.
1064:. 17 February 2016.
931:. October 29, 2018.
929:Aircraft Value News
770:on 14 December 2017
764:Monarch Engineering
452:7,500 (or 730 days)
285:
43:Commercial aviation
740:on 11 October 2014
489:6 years (systems)
319:Airbus A320 family
283:
164:
29:
794:Lufthansa Technik
734:Lufthansa Technik
669:978-0-07-180502-5
496:
495:
370:Bombardier Dash 8
267:
266:
1208:
1182:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1000:"Extension lead"
996:
990:
989:
977:
971:
970:
958:
952:
951:
939:
933:
932:
921:
912:
911:
909:
907:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
867:Aircraft Monitor
864:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
826:
816:
810:
809:
807:
805:
796:. Archived from
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
766:. Archived from
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
736:. Archived from
726:
717:
716:
714:
712:
698:
692:
691:
680:
674:
673:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
634:
626:
620:
619:
617:
616:
606:
596:
587:
586:
584:
583:
565:
559:
558:
552:
544:
542:
541:
535:
524:
512:AFS-600 (2008).
509:
460:Boeing 767-300ER
286:
202:
98:ABC check system
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1201:Aviation safety
1186:
1185:
1172:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1099:Turkish Technic
1093:
1092:
1088:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1024:on 1 April 2020
1016:
1015:
1011:
998:
997:
993:
979:
978:
974:
960:
959:
955:
941:
940:
936:
923:
922:
915:
905:
903:
901:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
862:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
839:
818:
817:
813:
803:
801:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
728:
727:
720:
710:
708:
700:
699:
695:
682:
681:
677:
670:
657:
656:
652:
642:
640:
632:
628:
627:
623:
614:
612:
604:
598:
597:
590:
581:
579:
567:
566:
562:
545:
539:
537:
533:
522:
511:
510:
506:
501:
281:
272:
182:
173:
156:British Airways
142:
133:
113:
100:
72:
62:(TCCA), or the
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1142:External links
1140:
1137:
1136:
1131:AERO Quarterly
1115:
1086:
1067:
1049:
1035:
1009:
1004:MRO management
991:
972:
953:
934:
913:
899:
879:
851:
837:
811:
781:
751:
718:
693:
675:
668:
650:
621:
588:
578:. Order 8900.1
560:
503:
502:
500:
497:
494:
493:
487:
484:
481:
475:Boeing 747-400
471:
470:
468:
465:
462:
456:
455:
453:
450:
447:
441:
440:
438:
435:
432:
426:
425:
423:
420:
417:
411:
410:
408:
405:
402:
396:
395:
393:
390:
387:
381:
380:
378:
375:
372:
366:
365:
363:
360:
357:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
315:
314:
312:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
252:
251:
248:
245:
239:
238:
235:
232:
226:
225:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
206:
181:
178:
172:
169:
141:
138:
132:
129:
112:
109:
99:
96:
92:14 CFR part 25
71:
68:
44:
41:
25:SH-60F Seahawk
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1105:on 2018-10-29
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1006:. March 2017.
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
987:
983:
976:
973:
968:
964:
957:
954:
950:. Condé Nast.
949:
945:
938:
935:
930:
926:
920:
918:
914:
902:
896:
893:. Routledge.
892:
891:
883:
880:
868:
861:
855:
852:
840:
834:
830:
825:
824:
815:
812:
799:
795:
791:
785:
782:
769:
765:
761:
755:
752:
739:
735:
731:
725:
723:
719:
707:
703:
697:
694:
689:
685:
679:
676:
671:
665:
661:
654:
651:
638:
631:
625:
622:
610:
603:
602:
595:
593:
589:
577:
573:
572:
564:
561:
556:
550:
536:on 2014-11-22
532:
528:
521:
520:
515:
508:
505:
498:
492:
488:
485:
482:
480:
476:
473:
472:
469:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
451:
448:
446:
445:Boeing 737 NG
443:
442:
439:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
394:
391:
389:850/36 months
388:
386:
383:
382:
379:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
364:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
345:
342:
340:
336:
333:
332:
328:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
278:
276:
269:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
195:
190:
186:
179:
177:
170:
168:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
139:
137:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
84:aircraft type
81:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
40:
37:
34:are periodic
33:
26:
21:
1178:
1130:
1118:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1089:
1080:
1070:
1062:flightglobal
1052:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:the original
1012:
1003:
994:
986:Flightglobal
985:
975:
966:
956:
947:
937:
928:
904:. Retrieved
889:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:
854:
842:. Retrieved
822:
814:
802:. Retrieved
798:the original
793:
784:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
763:
754:
742:. Retrieved
738:the original
733:
709:. Retrieved
705:
696:
687:
678:
659:
653:
641:. Retrieved
639:. p. 16
636:
624:
613:. Retrieved
600:
580:. Retrieved
570:
563:
538:. Retrieved
531:the original
518:
507:
490:
486:7,500/10,000
349:2/4/8 years
273:
198:
191:
187:
183:
174:
165:
134:
117:flight hours
114:
101:
73:
58:such as the
46:
31:
30:
1028:25 February
948:Vanity Fair
872:14 December
844:14 December
804:14 December
774:14 December
744:14 December
711:14 December
706:MRO Network
643:14 December
329:6/12 years
304:Airbus A220
36:inspections
1190:Categories
1109:2018-10-29
900:1351364219
838:1883249805
790:"Overhaul"
615:2019-05-16
582:2010-01-12
574:. CHG 80.
540:2014-12-01
499:References
279:Comparison
230:B777-300ER
217:B777-200ER
152:Boeing 757
549:cite book
483:600/1,000
208:Estimated
149:Transaero
121:man-hours
906:5 August
298:D Check
256:B737-800
243:B747-400
205:Aircraft
171:3C check
160:Heathrow
48:Airlines
449:150/600
295:C Check
292:A Check
211:Actual
180:D check
140:C check
131:B check
111:A check
897:
835:
688:Qantas
666:
422:10,000
339:ATR 72
335:ATR 42
263:$ 1.0
260:$ 0.65
250:$ 6.0
237:$ 4.5
224:$ 4.0
194:B787-9
162:(1996)
1127:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
633:(PDF)
605:(pdf)
534:(PDF)
523:(pdf)
479:747-8
437:7,500
419:1,000
407:8,500
377:8,000
362:8,000
346:5,000
311:8,500
289:Model
247:$ 4.0
234:$ 2.7
221:$ 2.5
125:hours
1030:2019
908:2018
895:ISBN
874:2017
846:2017
833:ISBN
806:2017
776:2017
746:2017
713:2017
664:ISBN
645:2017
555:link
829:156
434:750
404:850
374:800
359:800
343:750
308:850
88:ATA
76:FAA
1192::
1177:.
1129:.
1097:.
1079:.
1060:.
1002:.
984:.
965:.
946:.
927:.
916:^
865:.
831:.
792:.
762:.
732:.
721:^
704:.
686:.
635:.
607:.
591:^
551:}}
547:{{
525:.
516:.
1181:.
1112:.
1083:.
1032:.
988:.
969:.
910:.
876:.
848:.
808:.
778:.
748:.
715:.
690:.
672:.
647:.
618:.
585:.
557:)
543:.
477:/
337:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
