552:
suspension for a lighter or 30-inch (760 mm) suspension for heavier stores. Depending on specific stores from 1,000 pounds (450 kg) upward, three or four lugs can be used within the defined suspension range. For
Russian stores there is the standard 110-millimetre (4.3 in) suspension for helicopters or the 250-millimetre (9.8 in) suspension. To keep stores from rocking sideways as the aircraft maneuvers, sway braces are provided to steady the stores. Sway braces are bolted to the rack frame. These may be automatically or manually adjusted.
375:) must include a mechanism for swiveling the pylon as the wing sweeps fore or aft, in order to keep the pylon and store facing directly forwards at all times. The F-111's outermost pair of hardpoints do not swivel, and can only be used while the wing is fully extended. This restricts the aircraft to subsonic flight only while these pylons are fitted, usually fitted with fuel tanks during ferry flights. The pylons are automatically jettisoned if the wing sweep moves past 26 degrees, which would mean that the aircraft is accelerating towards
462:
704:, a feature found on all naval aircraft in case an engine or catapult fails during launch; in such cases, a pilot can press the "panic button", and jettison all stores, reducing weight and hopefully allowing the aircraft to avoid hitting the sea, and to climb away to decide on further action. Land-based aircraft often have a similar feature, for similar reasons, although the situation is generally not quite as critical as a failure during a catapult launch.
713:
156:
144:
296:
520:
47:
740:, located under the left and right wings, have mounting points for SUU-63A or SUU-63A/A pylons. The pylons in turn support a BRU-32/A ejector rack, to which various stores or launchers are attached. These stations may have a bomb loaded directly upon them, or have a multiple-ejector rack with several stores, or various rail-type launchers for air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles:
528:
330:. Unlike civilian aircraft, NATO aircraft frame strength is required to remain without detrimental deformations at 115 percent of the limit or specified loads, and without structural failure at ultimate loads. Most stations on a military aircraft serve to carry pods or weapons. A minor number of stations can also serve to carry external fuel tanks. These stations are called
505:
695:
applies to the single- or ripple and single- continuous release mode from one or from mirror stations. Salvo release mode applies to a combination of several stations together e.g. adjacent stations. For multiple store release an interval timer can be set to release stores in fixed time steps. For an
622:
have semi-recessed fuselage stations to reduce drag. These stations have internally mounted launchers (LAU-116/A) that use ejection for launching. The rapidly expanding gases, created by impulse cartridges, actuate ejector pistons and release the missile from the launcher. The missile is propelled to
580:
Guided missile launchers provide the mechanical and electrical means of suspending and air-launching a guided missile from an aircraft. The housing assembly is the main structural member of the launcher. It is an extruded, machined aluminum member that provides structural rigidity to the launcher and
543:
Racks carry, arm, and release stores. Racks are either part of, or can be inserted into, the modular bay of a support structure such as a pylon. A rack can mount a store or another piece of suspension equipment, for example, numerous bombs being mounted onto a single pylon, such as was done on F-105
587:
have a nitrogen receiver assembly which stores the high-pressure nitrogen used to cool a missile's infrared detector in the guidance system. All receivers contain a charging valve (for refilling), relief valve, and a pressure indicator mounted in the aft end of the cylinder. Power is applied to the
571:
The term "rack" is also being used to refer to some support structures. In popular culture, "racks" usually refer to bomb racks or racks mounting bombs which covers everything from a support structure to its associated racks. A Multiple
Ejector Rack (MER) usually refers to a support structure which
318:
of the frame into account. Therefore, point loads on the structure from externally or internally mounted stores, engines, equipment, passengers, and payload are simply the weight of the item and any pylons, seats, mounting brackets, etc. multiplied by the maximum load factor which the aircraft will
555:
A rack can release a store via gravity or by ejection. Ejection uses an impulse cartridge, a pyrotechnic device which provides jettison capability by igniting and supplying an ejection force to safely propel a store away from the rack and aircraft. Some racks contain an auxiliary cartridge in the
551:
The store is mounted by locking the store's lugs with L-shaped suspension hooks in the rack. Depending on the mass of the store there can be a single lug or a number of lugs on the store separated by a certain distance. The distances are standardized. For NATO there is the 14-inch (360 mm)
406:
A pylon serves to connect the frame of an aircraft to an item or object that is being carried; hence, it is an adaptor. The use of a pylon is necessary to clear the carriage item of control surfaces as well as prevent undesired disturbance of the flow of air toward the wing. Pylons are usually
322:
In civilian aviation a station is usually used to carry an external engine or a fuel tank. As engines are usually a fixed installation, operators usually refer to them with the designation of the engine. Therefore, the term is mostly being used for load points meant for non-fixed installation.
662:
would have mounted stores in vertical columns making individual store selection and release impossible without releasing all stores ahead in the column line. The advantage of a conventional bomb rack is a prompt release of all stores in short order. Bombers like the
544:
Thunderchief missions over
Vietnam, or the large external pylons on the B-52 Stratofortress, which can carry 12 unguided bombs in four triple ejector racks mounted to a single pylon. Alternatively, using the same pylon, but different racks and adapters, 9
800:, which is on the centerline underneath the fuselage, mounts a smaller SUU-62/A pylon and a BRU-32 rack, and many of the same stores as the wing pylons. The exception is anything rocket-powered, to avoid endangering the nose landing gear.
645:
of a bomber. Rotary launchers have stations of their own and offer the ability to select certain stores within the bomb bay for release. The disadvantage of a rotary launcher is a slow release of stores. The rotary launcher of the
794:, which are located on the sides of the fuselage, are LAU-116 ejector-type launchers for AIM-7 and AIM-120 missiles. Station 4 can also support a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) pod for detecting and marking targets.
429:
While most pylons are part of a modular system which is compatible with numerous stores, certain weapons and aircraft can require special pylons or adapters to carry a specific load. For example, in the
623:
a safe distance before it ignites its rocket motor. Stealth aircraft such as the F-22 use extensible launchers that are pneumatically actuated and are either rail (LAU-141/A)
675:
use custom designed bomb rack support structures with their own designation e.g. Common Bomb Rack (CBR), Common Bomb Module (CBM), or Smart Bomb Rack
Assembly (SBRA).
683:
Aside from the release options of a rack a pilot can select release mode for releasing one or multiple stores. Stores can be jettisoned selectively in single mode or
959:
361:
has had some versions fitted with overwing hardpoints for air-to-air missiles directly above the innermost wing pylons, instead of putting them on the wingtips.
993:
407:
designed to be aerodynamic to reduce air resistance (drag). There are many different forms, sizes and designs of pylons distinctly termed accordingly like a
1570:
588:
missile guidance control system through the umbilical plug. An actuator-operated safety device prevents inadvertent firing of launcher cartridges.
568:
aircraft/store electrical interconnection system defines a standardized electrical interface between a military aircraft and its carriage stores.
345:
Wing stations require pylons to carry objects. Stations on the fuselage may not necessarily require a pylon, such as the fuselage stations on the
1610:
572:
enables the carriage of six stores. A Triple
Ejector Rack (TER) refers to a support structure which enables the carriage of three stores.
1565:
1510:
1375:
523:
A sectioned Mk. 84 bomb body, showing the suspension lugs, which would normally be perpendicular to the body rather than inline as shown
349:, while other aircraft need pylons for certain stations in order to provide clearance for the landing gear retraction sequence (like in
1630:
986:
851:
423:
130:
383:
512:
precision guided bombs on an
Integrated Conventional Stores Management System (ICSMS) MER with nine stores, under the wing of a
391:
581:
includes provisions for mounting all other assemblies. It also includes provisions for mounting the launcher to the aircraft.
1600:
1216:
1198:
310:
is used to refer to a point of carriage on the frame of an aircraft. A station is usually rated to carry a certain amount of
68:
882:
956:
603:. Ambiguously, hangers are also often referred to as lugs or hooks. The majority of launchers can also be referred to as
1883:
1724:
979:
395:
346:
111:
821:
672:
633:
use retractable launchers which moves out on rails allowing the weapons bay to be closed while still hanging outside.
557:
545:
439:
419:
357:). While wing stations are usually of underwing design, some aircraft use hardpoints mounted on the top. For example,
269:
83:
35:
390:. There is not necessarily an order in which numbers are assigned. The order can be for example from left to right (
1605:
1560:
1251:
664:
659:
513:
387:
64:
57:
1946:
1791:
1635:
1585:
245:
90:
1575:
1128:
1058:
548:
can be carried. Using modular racks and universal adapters makes it much easier to configure the desired load.
488:. Pylons have a modular bay to mount other adaptors and carry a wider variety of stores. These adaptors can be
217:
1620:
1903:
1878:
1640:
1545:
1435:
1405:
1380:
1246:
1211:
31:
97:
1918:
1719:
1615:
1440:
1400:
1256:
461:
446:
368:
241:
1898:
1816:
1806:
1311:
1023:
386:). The numbering is not necessarily consistent and may originate from elsewhere like station 559 on the
607:
because of the use of external rail flanges, a guide for the missile suspension hangers during firing.
496:
or other types of support structures each with their own provisions for mounting all other assemblies.
398:), or mirrored and from outboard to inboard. The often unique centerline (CL) station is no exception.
79:
1863:
1666:
1460:
1271:
1226:
532:
1842:
1749:
1465:
1173:
1002:
668:
647:
619:
466:
450:
273:
159:
148:
473:
1550:
1530:
1525:
1499:
1410:
1351:
1123:
453:
required a specially designed and unique "LAU-78/a" launcher which was unique to that missile.
1858:
1595:
1540:
1520:
1450:
1445:
1430:
1118:
847:
556:
event that the primary cartridges fail to fire. The rack will also have accessories such as a
485:
472:
NATO suspension equipment (pylons and other means of carriage) and stores are standardized in
229:
213:
1913:
1796:
1470:
1365:
1088:
1063:
1006:
910:
189:
1923:
1893:
1888:
1739:
1660:
1625:
1590:
1385:
1033:
963:
886:
785:
776:
650:
for example requires seven seconds until the next store is rotated into release position.
627:
624:
372:
197:
712:
585:
1908:
1768:
1485:
1043:
1038:
921:
701:
611:
595:
to mount to a rack which, in cross section, resemble either a T-bar called an internal
539:, fuel tanks, and an AIM-9. The Mk 82 bombs are mounted on a triple ejector rack (TER).
476:. A military pylon provides carriage, deployment, and the ability to jettison external
358:
354:
237:
155:
104:
933:
143:
1940:
1837:
1776:
1580:
1515:
1153:
1133:
1048:
443:
249:
200:. The term is usually used to refer to the mounting points (more formally known as a
1873:
1801:
1764:
1744:
1734:
1709:
1674:
1455:
1425:
1395:
1361:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1296:
1231:
1098:
1068:
1028:
880:
Airborne Stores, Suspension
Equipment and Aircraft-store interface (carriage phase)
630:
565:
536:
971:
295:
841:
564:
to pull arming wires from fuzes, ports for data, video or electrical fuzing. The
1821:
1704:
1420:
1276:
519:
435:
431:
350:
277:
233:
46:
30:
This article is about aircraft hardpoints. For wooden workbench hardpoints, see
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1321:
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17:
1868:
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1714:
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1301:
1281:
1236:
1221:
1178:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1053:
504:
481:
376:
253:
367:
aircraft that mount pylons on the moving portion of the wing (such as the
1781:
1754:
1729:
1495:
1475:
1336:
1266:
1183:
1108:
1078:
1014:
816:
642:
561:
281:
265:
209:
641:
A rotary launcher is a rotating suspension equipment mounted inside the
1555:
1206:
1188:
1113:
755:
734:, at the wingtips, have a single rail launcher for an AIM-9 type store.
315:
311:
221:
898:
27:
Location on an airframe designed to carry an external or internal load
1291:
1261:
1168:
1143:
1073:
781:
772:
767:
763:
750:
721:
658:
In contrast to the rotary launcher, a conventional bomb rack of the
1684:
1286:
1138:
759:
746:
711:
526:
518:
503:
460:
299:
294:
193:
154:
142:
724:
615:
509:
261:
975:
426:
can use jettisonable pylons to retain stealth and reduce drag.
40:
936:
Aviation
Ordinanceman – Aviation theories and other practices
334:, a general aeronautic term referring to usage of fuel like
696:
external store emergency release, there is for example an
449:
on a standard pylon and launcher, but the newly developed
314:. It is a design number which already has taken the rated
716:
An F/A-18, showing external tanks, an AIM-7, and an AIM-9
342:
is also carried over to the adapters, such as a pylon.
806:, are 'wet' feed fuel to and from external fuel tanks.
382:
Stations may be numbered for reference or not at all (
173: Hard point with the ability to hold a droptank
1851:
1830:
1763:
1659:
1494:
1360:
1197:
1013:
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
843:Introduction to Aeronautics: A Design Perspective
957:"The B-1B Bomber and Options for enhancements"
924:Airman – Aviation theories and other practices
875:
873:
871:
758:launchers, one bolted to either side, for two
353:) or to provide necessary item space (like in
326:In the military, a station can also be called
256:), and also include hardpoints (also known as
987:
8:
599:or resemble a horseshoe called an external
994:
980:
972:
966:Congressional Budget Office, August, 1988
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
832:
319:sustain when these items are carried.
34:. For the anti-ballistic missile, see
438:" defense suppression version of the
7:
745:A LAU-115 rail-type launcher for an
629:types. Stealth aircraft such as the
442:, the F-105G, could carry the usual
151:showing numerous hardpoint mountings
69:adding citations to reliable sources
911:Jane's Russian Air Launched Weapons
727:family has nine weapons stations:
196:and carry an external or internal
25:
558:zero retention force arming unit
45:
465:Empty underwing hardpoint on a
240:) and support equipments (e.g.
188:is an attachment location on a
56:needs additional citations for
1904:In-flight entertainment system
1601:Horizontal situation indicator
889:MIL-STD-8591, 12 December 2005
1:
1884:Environmental control system
922:Impulse and Delay Cartridges
754:A LAU-115 with two LAU-7 or
546:air-launched cruise missiles
347:McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle
822:Aircraft Armament Equipment
708:Example station designation
270:military transport aircraft
36:Hardpoint (missile defense)
1963:
1561:Course deviation indicator
1252:Electro-hydraulic actuator
418:Stealth aircraft like the
29:
1792:Conventional landing gear
698:emergency jettison button
306:In aeronautics, the term
1576:Flight management system
934:Guided Missile Launchers
885:15 December 2017 at the
584:Some launchers (LAU-7/A)
576:Guided missile launchers
1879:Emergency oxygen system
1641:Turn and slip indicator
1436:Leading-edge droop flap
1406:Drag-reducing aerospike
1381:Adaptive compliant wing
1376:Active Aeroelastic Wing
32:Workbench (woodworking)
1919:Passenger service unit
1720:Self-sealing fuel tank
1616:Multi-function display
717:
626:or ejector (LAU-142/A)
540:
524:
516:
469:
447:anti-radiation missile
369:General Dynamics F-111
303:
181:
152:
1899:Ice protection system
1817:Tricycle landing gear
1807:Landing gear extender
1024:Aft pressure bulkhead
962:14 April 2013 at the
840:Robert Hooke (2004).
715:
679:Store release control
610:Aircraft such as the
530:
522:
507:
464:
298:
192:designed to transfer
179: Internal cannon
158:
146:
1864:Auxiliary power unit
1272:Flight control modes
65:improve this article
1843:Escape crew capsule
1750:War emergency power
1621:Pitot–static system
1466:Variable-sweep wing
1174:Vertical stabilizer
901:Air Armament Center
899:"The Weapons File "
620:Panavia Tornado ADV
467:Boeing P-8 Poseidon
451:AGM-78 Standard ARM
287:are often mounted.
274:commercial airliner
149:A-10 Thunderbolt II
1551:Attitude indicator
1531:Airspeed indicator
1526:Aircraft periscope
718:
541:
525:
517:
470:
440:F-105 Thunderchief
304:
182:
153:
1932:
1931:
1859:Aircraft lavatory
1596:Heading indicator
1541:Annunciator panel
1521:Air data computer
1431:Leading-edge cuff
946:Patent US 8353237
780:A LAU-118 for an
771:A LAU-117 for an
480:– weapons, pods,
394:) or vice versa (
214:military aircraft
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
1954:
1947:Aircraft weapons
1914:Navigation light
1894:Hydraulic system
1869:Bleed air system
1797:Drogue parachute
1471:Vortex generator
1089:Interplane strut
996:
989:
982:
973:
967:
954:
948:
943:
937:
931:
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919:
913:
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837:
738:2, 3, 7, & 8
535:on display with
190:structural frame
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136:
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125:
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116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
1962:
1961:
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1937:
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1928:
1924:Ram air turbine
1889:Flight recorder
1847:
1826:
1759:
1740:Thrust reversal
1664:
1655:
1626:Radar altimeter
1591:Head-up display
1501:
1490:
1386:Anti-shock body
1368:
1356:
1217:Artificial feel
1199:Flight controls
1193:
1059:Fabric covering
1009:
1005:components and
1000:
970:
964:Wayback Machine
955:
951:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
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887:Wayback Machine
878:
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854:
839:
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710:
681:
656:
639:
637:Rotary launcher
597:T-shaped hanger
578:
502:
459:
444:AGM-45 "Shrike"
413:stub wing pylon
404:
373:Panavia Tornado
328:weapons station
293:
280:where external
246:countermeasures
180:
176:
174:
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168:
167: Hardpoint
164:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1939:
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1930:
1929:
1927:
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1921:
1916:
1911:
1909:Landing lights
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
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1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
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1834:
1832:
1831:Escape systems
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1769:arresting gear
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Splitter plate
1722:
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1677:
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1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Cruciform tail
1041:
1039:Crack arrestor
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1001:
999:
998:
991:
984:
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969:
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914:
903:
891:
867:
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831:
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801:
795:
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778:
769:
752:
742:
741:
735:
709:
706:
702:F-4 Phantom II
680:
677:
655:
652:
638:
635:
612:F-4 Phantom II
605:rail launchers
577:
574:
501:
498:
458:
455:
403:
400:
384:F-4 Phantom II
359:SEPECAT Jaguar
355:Mikoyan MiG-27
292:
289:
250:targeting pods
202:weapon station
175:
169:
163:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
18:Aircraft pylon
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1959:
1948:
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1935:
1925:
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1857:
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1852:Other systems
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Ejection seat
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
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1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Arrestor hook
1780:
1778:
1777:Aircraft tire
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
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1762:
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1582:
1581:Glass cockpit
1579:
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1516:Air data boom
1514:
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1497:
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1323:
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1310:
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1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Rudder pedals
1295:
1293:
1290:
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1157:
1155:
1154:Trailing edge
1152:
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1137:
1135:
1134:Stressed skin
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
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1021:
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985:
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904:
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895:
892:
888:
884:
881:
876:
874:
872:
868:
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853:9781600860720
849:
845:
844:
836:
833:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
805:
804:3, 5, & 7
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
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786:
783:
779:
777:
774:
770:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
748:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
728:
726:
725:F/A-18A/B/C/D
723:
714:
707:
705:
703:
699:
694:
690:
686:
678:
676:
674:
670:
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653:
651:
649:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
601:U-shaped shoe
598:
594:
591:Missiles use
589:
586:
582:
575:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
553:
549:
547:
538:
534:
529:
521:
515:
511:
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499:
497:
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491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
468:
463:
456:
454:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
409:wedge adaptor
401:
399:
397:
393:
392:F/A-18 Hornet
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
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297:
290:
288:
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279:
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255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
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187:
161:
157:
150:
145:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1934:
1874:Deicing boot
1802:Landing gear
1745:Townend ring
1735:Thrust lever
1710:NACA cowling
1675:Autothrottle
1667:fuel systems
1665:devices and
1456:Stall strips
1426:Krueger flap
1396:Channel wing
1342:Wing warping
1332:Stick shaker
1327:Stick pusher
1247:Dual control
1232:Centre stick
1099:Leading edge
1083:
1069:Flying wires
1029:Cabane strut
952:
941:
929:
917:
906:
894:
857:. Retrieved
842:
835:
803:
797:
791:
737:
731:
719:
697:
692:
688:
684:
682:
657:
640:
631:Chengdu J-20
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
583:
579:
570:
566:MIL-STD-1760
554:
550:
542:
493:
489:
477:
474:MIL-STD-8591
471:
428:
417:
412:
408:
405:
381:
363:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
325:
321:
307:
305:
302:engine pylon
257:
205:
201:
185:
183:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
1822:Tundra tire
1705:Intake ramp
1636:Transponder
1421:Gurney flap
1362:Aerodynamic
1277:Fly-by-wire
1159:Triple tail
691:. The term
685:ripple mode
537:Mk 82 bombs
508:Six GBU-31
436:Wild Weasel
432:Vietnam War
351:F-14 Tomcat
338:. The term
285:jet engines
278:private jet
226:rocket pods
216:that carry
162:hardpoints
160:Eurofighter
80:"Hardpoint"
1812:Oleo strut
1700:Inlet cone
1695:Gascolator
1661:Propulsion
1651:Yaw string
1646:Variometer
1502:instrument
1481:Wing fence
1416:Gouge flap
1391:Blown flap
1347:Yaw damper
1322:Stabilator
1307:Side-stick
1242:Dive brake
1129:Stabilizer
1104:Lift strut
1094:Jury strut
828:References
689:salvo mode
618:, and the
490:bomb racks
482:fuel tanks
396:F-15 Eagle
365:Swing-wing
336:wet thrust
254:drop tanks
121:March 2014
91:newspapers
1787:Autobrake
1715:NACA duct
1690:Fuel tank
1680:Drop tank
1663:controls,
1546:Astrodome
1536:Altimeter
1401:Dog-tooth
1366:high-lift
1317:Spoileron
1302:Servo tab
1282:Gust lock
1237:Deceleron
1222:Autopilot
1179:Wing root
1164:Twin tail
1149:Tailplane
1084:Hardpoint
1054:Empennage
1017:structure
865:Chapter 7
792:4 & 6
775:Maverick;
732:1 & 9
654:Bomb rack
494:launchers
484:or other
377:transonic
260:) on the
230:ordnances
208:) on the
186:hardpoint
1941:Category
1755:Wet wing
1730:Throttle
1476:Vortilon
1337:Trim tab
1267:Flaperon
1257:Elevator
1212:Airbrake
1184:Wing tip
1109:Longeron
1079:Fuselage
1015:Airframe
1003:Aircraft
960:Archived
883:Archived
859:16 March
846:. AIAA.
817:Bomb bay
811:See also
764:AIM-120s
643:bomb bay
562:solenoid
486:ordnance
457:Military
379:speeds.
371:and the
316:g-forces
291:Aircraft
282:turbofan
266:fuselage
238:missiles
222:gun pods
210:airframe
1765:Landing
1556:Compass
1504:systems
1496:Avionic
1486:Winglet
1369:devices
1312:Spoiler
1207:Aileron
1189:Wingbox
1114:Nacelle
1064:Fairing
1007:systems
756:LAU-127
700:in the
671:or the
593:hangers
434:, the "
312:payload
308:station
218:weapons
206:station
105:scholar
1500:flight
1461:Strake
1292:Rudder
1262:Elevon
1227:Canard
1169:V-tail
1144:T-tail
1074:Former
1034:Canopy
850:
782:AGM-88
773:AGM-65
722:Boeing
693:ripple
667:, the
614:, the
478:stores
258:pylons
242:flares
220:(e.g.
177:
171:
165:
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
1685:FADEC
1571:EICAS
1446:Slats
1287:HOTAS
1139:Strut
784:HARM
760:AIM-9
747:AIM-7
500:Racks
402:Pylon
300:DC-10
268:of a
262:wings
234:bombs
194:force
112:JSTOR
98:books
1767:and
1631:TCAS
1611:ISIS
1566:EFIS
1511:ACAS
1498:and
1451:Slot
1411:Flap
1364:and
1352:Yoke
1124:Spar
1049:Dope
861:2014
848:ISBN
720:The
665:B-52
660:B-52
616:F-18
560:, a
533:F-16
514:B-52
510:JDAM
424:F-35
420:F-22
388:B-52
244:and
236:and
224:and
198:load
84:news
1606:INS
1586:GPS
1441:LEX
1119:Rib
762:or
687:or
673:B-2
669:B-1
648:B-1
531:An
422:or
411:or
340:wet
332:wet
276:or
264:or
252:or
228:),
212:of
204:or
147:An
67:by
1943::
870:^
492:,
415:.
272:,
248:,
184:A
995:e
988:t
981:v
863:.
798:5
766:;
749:;
232:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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