245:" (derived from "tire" and "wheel," which are combined into one new, fused part), which operates entirely without air. Michelin claims its "Tweel" has load carrying, shock absorbing, and handling characteristics that compare favorably to conventional pneumatic tires. However, the tire has a lot of vibration when driving over 80 km/h (50 mph). Therefore the tire is only available for golf carts, ATV's and skid steer vehicles. In 2019 however Michelin and GM announced their goal of making a new airless tire for passenger vehicles available in 2024. The automotive engineering group of the mechanical engineering department at
78:
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However, airless tires are not popular with hardcore off-roaders, as those vehicles often need to travel long distances at highway speeds. At speeds above 80 km/h, they can be unstable, causing severe vibrations (and passenger discomfort), and therefore potential for drivers to lose vehicle control.
170:
Installation of airless tires depends on the use. Heavy equipment will need special equipment to mount, but an airless bicycle tire can be mounted with little effort. Solid airless lawnmower tires come pre-installed on the wheel, allowing quick installation.
233:
In 1938, J. V. Martin in the United States invented a safety tire with hoops of hickory encased in rubber and fitted with criss cross spokes of ribbed rubber. It could drive over 100 mm (4 inches) blocks when tested in a springless test car.
252:
Resilient
Technologies and the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Polymer Engineering Center are creating a "non-pneumatic tire", which is a round polymeric honeycomb wrapped with a thick, black tread. The initial version of the tire is for the
257:
and is expected to be available in 2012. It is also the first group to make a commercially available mass-produced airless tire after its acquisition by
Polaris, albeit only as coupled with their vehicle. The tire trademark is "Terrainarmor".
128:
The main advantages of airless tires is that they do not go flat and need to be replaced less frequently. Heavy equipment outfitted with airless tires will be able to carry more weight and engage in more rugged activities.
162:
The drawbacks to airless tires depend on the use. Heavy equipment operators who use machinery with solid tires may become fatigued. Any airless tire will be heavier than the rubber tire it is meant to replace.
408:
276:
However, many tire manufacturing companies are yet to start making airless tire due to different limitations. Major companies like
Goodyear say its airless tires won't be road-ready until 2030.
267:
The Energy return wheel (ERW) has the outer edge of the tire connected to the inner rim by a system of springs. The springs can have their tension changed to vary the handling characteristics.
112:. They also are used on heavy equipment required to operate on sites where risk of tire punctures is high. Tires composed of closed-cell polyurethane foam are also made for
344:
Karohika, I. Made Gatot; Binawangsa, Ananda; Frederick, Frederick; Yasa, Putu Dwi Dharma Eka; Raditya, Kadek Rian Satria (2023). "Development of airless tires: A review".
140:. Other problems for airless heavy equipment tires include dissipating the heat buildup that occurs when they are driven. Airless tires are often filled with compressed
1358:
1254:
406:
Sardinha, Manuel; Fátima Vaz, M; Ramos, Tânia RP; Reis, LuĂs (2023). "Design, properties, and applications of non-pneumatic tires: A review".
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Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications
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is developing the
Bridgestone Air-Free Concept Tire, which can hold 150 kg (330 lb) per tire.
39:
that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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is developing a low energy loss airless tire with
Michelin through the NIST ATP project.
198:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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375:"The Airless Tire: Will this Revolutionary Concept be the Tire of the Future?"
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658:"Airless, Springy 'Energy Return Wheel' Tire Promises To Improve Gas Mileage"
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Deng, Yaoji; Wang, Zhiyue; Shen, Hui; Gong, Junjie; Xiao, Zhen (2023).
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and provide somewhat less suspension than similarly shaped and sized
683:"Hankook's high-speed tests inch airless tires closer to production"
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started developing an integrated tire and wheel combination, the "
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144:(plastic) rather than air, or can be a solid molded product.
192:
Parts of this article (those related to
Section) need to be
512:"Reinventing the Wheel: a Guide to Michelin's Airless Tire"
36:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
727:
311:"A comprehensive review on non-pneumatic tyre research"
42:
104:. They can be used on small vehicles such as ride-on
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1187:
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765:
486:"Rubber Spokes Give Bounce to Airless Safety Tires"
709:"Why you can't buy airless tires for your car yet"
1352:
743:
8:
1255:European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
81:12-16.5 Mk1 Croc Tyre with rim center fitted
16:Tires that are not supported by air pressure
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750:
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728:
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65:Learn how and when to remove this message
301:
230:use these tires to reduce maintenance.
273:is developing the iFlex airless tire.
554:"New honeycomb tire is 'bulletproof'"
7:
533:"Michelin develops new airless tyre"
132:Airless tires generally have higher
1298:Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG)
633:"Bridgestone Air-Free Concept Tyre"
379:Modern Concepts in Material Science
611:"Polaris Airless Tires Go On Sale"
462:"The airless tyre remains elusive"
435:Bridges, Jake (November 9, 2022).
14:
609:Edelstein, Stephen (2013-11-18).
1564:
1321:
1320:
1310:
510:Mihalascu, Daniel (2010-04-30).
183:
147:Airless tires are attractive to
23:
1519:Vehicular communication systems
1154:Tire-pressure monitoring system
552:Rutherford, Mark (2008-11-17).
656:Michler, Andrew (2011-12-28).
124:Advantages & disadvantages
1:
1144:Central Tire Inflation System
531:Golson, Jordan (2019-06-06).
437:"Airless Tires Pros and Cons"
681:Collie, Scott (2015-07-16).
392:10.33552/MCMS.2020.03.000563
330:10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111742
219:An Airless tire fitted on a
155:are much more vulnerable to
1542:Automated vacuum collection
1265:Tire Science and Technology
785:Low rolling resistance tire
159:than motor vehicle tires.
1614:
631:Boyer, Mark (2011-12-31).
347:AIP Conference Proceedings
100:that are not supported by
1560:
1306:
422:10.1177/14644207231177302
1468:Alternative fuel vehicle
466:Outback Travel Australia
1598:Automotive technologies
1430:Pulse detonation engine
1400:Adaptive compliant wing
1106:Slip (vehicle dynamics)
1063:Lateral Force Variation
1013:Pacejka's Magic Formula
993:Cold inflation pressure
228:bicycle-sharing systems
1499:Personal rapid transit
1420:High-altitude platform
1202:List of tire companies
1073:Traction (engineering)
1068:Radial Force Variation
373:Sandberg, Ulf (2020).
316:Materials & Design
223:
82:
45:by rewriting it in an
1368:Emerging technologies
1053:Tire load sensitivity
218:
80:
1514:Transit Elevated Bus
1445:Supersonic transport
1033:Self aligning torque
110:motorized golf carts
1537:Pneumatic transport
1480:Ground-effect train
1405:Backpack helicopter
1159:Tire-pressure gauge
795:Michelin PAX System
90:non-pneumatic tires
1197:Tire manufacturing
1028:Rolling resistance
247:Clemson University
224:
134:rolling resistance
83:
47:encyclopedic style
34:is written like a
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1023:Relaxation length
900:Formula One tyres
707:Gessner, Daniel.
613:. Motor Authority
416:(11): 2277–2297.
360:10.1063/5.0115570
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1509:Self-driving car
1473:Hydrogen vehicle
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1316:Outline of tires
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1129:Tire maintenance
1078:Treadwear rating
988:Circle of forces
910:Continental tire
850:Orange oil tires
840:Mud-terrain tire
820:All-terrain tire
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713:Business Insider
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587:. Archived from
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560:. Archived from
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1058:Tire uniformity
1018:Pneumatic trail
1008:Ground pressure
1003:Cornering force
969:
943:Siping (rubber)
914:
885:Motorcycle tyre
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138:pneumatic tires
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94:flat-free tires
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43:help improve it
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1275:Identification
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1237:Ozone cracking
1234:
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1217:Tire recycling
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1043:Steering ratio
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963:Schrader valve
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855:Whitewall tire
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1247:Organizations
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1134:Tire rotation
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1101:Groove wander
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998:Contact patch
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983:Camber thrust
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860:Aircraft tire
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790:Run-flat tire
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775:Tubeless tire
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591:on 2011-12-18
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584:Youtube video
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564:on 2009-06-15
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441:BestCarFinder
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86:Airless tires
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55:February 2022
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1569:
1494:Maglev train
1463:Airless tire
1462:
1260:Tire Society
1174:Tire changer
1169:Bead breaker
1139:Bicycle pump
1048:Tire balance
958:Presta valve
953:Dunlop valve
895:Racing slick
890:Tractor tire
875:Tubular tire
870:Bicycle tire
800:Airless tire
799:
716:. Retrieved
712:
702:
691:. Retrieved
686:
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665:. Retrieved
661:
651:
640:. Retrieved
636:
626:
615:. Retrieved
604:
593:. Retrieved
589:the original
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577:
566:. Retrieved
562:the original
557:
547:
536:. Retrieved
526:
515:. Retrieved
505:
494:. Retrieved
489:
480:
469:. Retrieved
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102:air pressure
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1288:Plus sizing
1212:Waste tires
1164:Direct TPMS
1149:Tire mousse
1121:Maintenance
1096:Aquaplaning
865:Tundra tire
845:Paddle tire
830:Knobby tire
780:Radial tire
662:inhabit.com
637:inhabit.com
262:Bridgestone
118:wheelchairs
106:lawn mowers
1587:Categories
1440:Spaceplane
1415:Flying car
1293:Tire label
1189:Life cycle
1111:Tramlining
1038:Slip angle
975:Attributes
948:Valve stem
920:Components
905:Spare tire
835:Large tire
718:2023-03-09
693:2016-10-02
667:2012-04-19
642:2012-04-19
617:2015-02-15
595:2011-12-27
568:2008-11-23
538:2020-08-03
517:2015-12-31
496:2015-10-20
492:. May 1938
471:2021-11-28
323:: 111742.
297:References
92:(NPT), or
1485:Hyperloop
1383:Transport
1283:Tire code
1232:Flat tire
1222:Tire fire
1179:Tire iron
1088:Behaviors
880:Lego tire
815:Snow tire
810:Rain tyre
237:In 2005,
204:June 2019
157:punctures
1529:Pipeline
1489:Vactrain
1435:Scramjet
1425:Jet pack
1326:Category
933:Beadlock
825:Bar grip
280:See also
239:Michelin
175:Examples
149:cyclists
142:polymers
114:bicycles
1504:Platoon
1227:Blowout
1207:Retread
271:Hankook
194:updated
41:Please
1392:Aerial
1375:Fields
687:GizMag
255:Humvee
221:Mobike
1593:Tires
938:Tread
805:Tweel
767:Types
759:Tires
385:(3).
354:(1).
291:Tweel
243:Tweel
226:Many
151:, as
98:tires
1571:List
1455:Land
928:Bead
689:. US
558:CNET
448:2022
352:2568
116:and
108:and
96:are
418:doi
414:237
387:doi
356:doi
325:doi
321:227
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