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400:. While Jewish members were 'officially' expelled, the president of the Leopoldina made sure it did not go to the lengths that other academies went to at the time, the expelled did not even get a notification about the matter, still received the member magazines and did not get exposed in the public by a statement of the society. He resisted the Nazi pressures by reorganizing Sections of the Academy and introducing a new series 'Biographies of German Natural Scientists' in 1932.
407:. During this time, the German Democratic Republic shut down all societies, leading the members of the Leopoldina to meet unofficially and in private. Efforts were made to reestablish the Academy, however. An edition of Goethe's 'The Works of Science' began to be edited under the Academy's name in 1947, and lectures started again in 1948. However, the Academy was not officially reopened until 1952. This reopening came just in time for the Academy to celebrate its tercentenary.
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438:), and said that "due to its international prestige, the Leopoldina is predestined to represent Germany within the circle of international academies." Karsten Jedlitschka says that the Academy was named the first national science Academy in Germany in February 2008. As the German Academy of Sciences, it is a counterpart to the rights and responsibilities of institutions such as Britain's
292:, and Georg Balthasar Wohlfarth; and was the only academy like it at the time making it the oldest academy of science in Germany. The archives of Leopoldina are some of the oldest in the world based on the fact that the records date back to the 17th century. These records will provide a window into the German sciences of the last 350 years.
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in August 1961. The
Academy was able to stay independent of national politics, which allowed it to bridge East and West Germany through scientific ideas. The yearly meeting of the Academy was planned for October of that year in West Germany; invitations had been sent out in June announcing that they
379:
There were many efforts during years of national prosperity to elevate the
Academy to the status of a 'national institute,' but all such early efforts failed. In those times the Academy was not on the nation's agenda at a political or academic level. Later, however, its members began to enrich the
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was the first victim because of public pressure. 1938 followed a declaration to the Nazi government, that all jewish members had been excluded, while in reality the index cards of around 70 members just got hid behind a curtain, no official member lists got published anymore and the cards got
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After reopening, the
Leopoldina successfully resisted attempts from the German Democratic Republic to reconstitute the Academy as a specifically East German institute and continued to think of itself as an institution for the whole of Germany. This was greatly affected by the building of the
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of the
Academy currently consists of 39 members representing different sections and disciplines of science, as well as representatives from Switzerland and Austria. Senate members serve for four years and can only be re-elected once. The latest President of the Academy,
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Academy with an obligation to be present at its proceedings so as to improve their public standing. Thus they began to hold regular monthly meetings, even in the challenging conditions of 1924, which had to be attended by all local members.
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Consistently with its national preeminence, it also collaborates extensively with other learned societies in international exchanges of ideas and policy recommendations. Details of such initiatives are included on its multilingual website.
471:. It issues various medals and awards, offers grants and scholarships and elects new members to itself. The Academy also maintains a library and an archive and it also researches its own history and publishes another journal,
579:) and one quarter from about 30 other nations. The election to membership of the Leopoldina is the highest academic honour awarded by an institution in Germany. Some laureates are also fellows of the Leopoldina.
446:. As the national academy, the Leopoldina will act as a consulting service on matters of science and science related policy for the German government, including parliament and social and political organizations.
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who raised it to an academy in 1677, and then declared it an
Imperial Academy in 1687, naming it Sacri Romani Imperii Academia Caesareo-Leopoldina Naturae Curiosorum and allowing it to carry his name.
303:, one of the earliest scientific journals and one which had a particularly strong focus on medicine and related aspects of natural philosophy, such as botany and physiology. It was recognized by
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sometimes translated into
English as "Academy of the Curious as to Nature." It was founded by four local physicians- Johann Laurentius Bausch, the first president of the society,
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would be discussing energy; but less than two months later letters of cancellation were sent out, stating that members living in the GDR would not be given permission to travel.
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Jedlitschka, Karsten (20 June 2008). "The
Archive of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in Halle (Salle): more than 350 year of the history of science".
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The
Leopoldina is the first and foremost academic society in Germany to advise the German government on a variety of scientific matters, for instance on
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At first, the society conducted its business by correspondence and was located wherever the president was working. After
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reintegrated one day after the german capitulation. Eight of them were murdered by the Nazis over the course of
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Apart from being a fellow, excellence can also be rewarded by receiving one of the following honours:
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Sybille
Gerstengarbe (1994), "Die Leopoldina und ihre jüdischen Mitglieder im Dritten Reich",
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raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name
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became
Germany's Chancellor in 1933, the Leopoldina started to exclude its Jewish members.
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Members might also attribute discoveries and success to the academy. For example, the
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Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften
32:"Leopoldina (academy of sciences)" redirects here. For the University of Wrocław, see
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until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
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Three quarters of the members are from German-speaking countries (Germany,
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The Leopoldina gives conferences and lectures and continues to publish the
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announced the renaming of the Leopoldina to "German Academy of Sciences" (
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Darwin Badge (only awarded in 1959 – the centenary of the publication of
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Medal of Merit (awarded by the Presidium only on special occasions)
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Past presidents of the Leopoldina with time and place of office:
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Science Under Socialism: East Germany in Comparative Perspective
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Groschenheft magazine on the Leopoldina's anniversary (German)
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Speech of Leopoldinas president Volker ter Meulen 2009
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German National Academy of Natural Sciences Leopoldina
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Leopoldina Research Prize (since 2001, funded by the
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582:Among the most noted of fellows are for instance:
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183:German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
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1219:. Harvard University Press. pp. 158–179.
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1560:1652 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
807:Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck
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536:Georg Uschmann Prize for History of Science
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1154:(in German), vol. R. 3, Jg. 39, Halle
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1184:"German Academy of Scientists Leopoldina"
403:After World War II, Halle became part of
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263:The Leopoldina was founded in the
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769:1770–1788 Ferdinand Jakob Baier (
715:1652–1665 Johann Lorenz Bausch (
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1565:National academies of sciences
747:1730–1735 Johann Jakob Baier (
257:Naturae Curiosorum Ephemerides
197:of Germany, and is located in
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1585:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
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27:National academy of Germany
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519:(since 1965, in honour of
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740:1693–1730 Lukas Schröck (
475:devoted to this subject.
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1215:Fortsch, Eckart (1999).
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675:is named in its honour.
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75:Johann Laurentius Bausch
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497:(first awarded in 1792)
442:and the United States'
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249:An illustration of the
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34:Leopoldina (university)
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286:Johann Michael Fehr
80:Johann Michael Fehr
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464:Ephemeriden
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334:Schweinfurt
330:Schweinfurt
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269:Schweinfurt
161:(President)
159:Gerald Haug
1549:Categories
1374:Azerbaijan
1015:References
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967:2003–2010
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945:1974–1990
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783:1791–1810
754:1735–1769
722:1666–1686
679:Leadership
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557:Membership
450:Activities
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171:leopoldina
154:Key people
1459:Macedonia
1454:Lithuania
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338:Nuremberg
226:Leopold I
193:, is the
189:), short
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144:Members
119:, Germany
1504:Slovenia
1489:Portugal
1389:Bulgaria
1273:19 March
1195:10 April
1168:Archived
1131:Archived
1002:See also
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778:Erlangen
771:Nürnberg
742:Augsburg
735:Nürnberg
670:asteroid
364:, Bonn,
362:Erlangen
342:Augsburg
127:Services
110:Location
68:Founders
1524:Ukraine
1484:Romania
1464:Moldova
1439:Ireland
1434:Hungary
1424:Germany
1419:Georgia
1409:Estonia
1404:Denmark
1394:Croatia
1379:Belarus
1369:Austria
1364:Armenia
1359:Albania
1308:on the
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573:Austria
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228:of the
217:History
166:Website
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1494:Russia
1479:Poland
1474:Norway
1449:Latvia
1444:Kosovo
1429:Greece
1414:France
1091:online
918:Zürich
760:Erfurt
701:Senate
697:Senate
350:Erfurt
135:Fields
1509:Spain
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