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Upon encounter, the female performers get close to one another and, standing up straight, place one or both arms on the forearm(s) or shoulder(s) of the other. The women's heads are next to each other, facing either the same or opposite directions, but never facing one another or meeting eyes. Once
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this posture is assumed, it is maintained without movement (except for, in some cases, "highly controlled" lip movement and caresses of the forearms and, less commonly, shoulders and face) throughout the chant, which may last for several minutes. The chant follows a
718:
Proceedings of the Sub-regional
Conference Causes and means of prevention of ritual crimes and conflicts in Central Africa, followed by the Proceedings of the Sub-regional training workshop: Traditional mechanisms for conflict prevention in Central
713:
Actes du
Colloque sous régional Causes et moyens de prévention des crimes rituels et des conflits en Afrique Centrale, suivis des Actes de l'Atelier sous-régional de formation: Mécanismes traditionnels de prévention des conflits en Afrique
94:) typically referred to in terms of speaking rather than of singing. Though it was noted in 1996 as being in decline, the practice has been identified as recently as 2014 as a source of well-being for conflict-affected women in Burundi.
684:
Bragin, Martha; Onta, Karuna; Janepher, Taaka; Nzeyimana, Generose; Eibs, Tonka (2014). "To be well at heart: women's perceptions of psychosocial wellbeing in three conflict affected countries".
29:
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is complex, with complete melodies forming from segments sung in rapid, overlapping enunciation, across a narrow range of notes. It has been compared in its tiluar rhythmic quality to a
204:), exchanged news, advice, and personal stories about female domestic life, according to a ten-tiered hierarchy of thematic and sequential priority, as identified by Isaac Ndimurwakno:
165:. When the women part at the end of the chant, they may now meet each other's eyes and smile, laugh, greet each other in other conventional ways (such as by shaking hands), and chat.
147:). The women obligatorily switch roles throughout the chant, timing the reversal(s) with brief pauses or with some conventional phrases. The verb for the exchange of roles is
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begins with embrace, continues into extended dialogic chant, and ends with the squeezing or shaking of hands. The utterance is initiated by the older of the women.
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The lyrical contents of the chant can include expressions of complicity and affection, affirmations of the two performers' relative roles (e.g.
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A short sample audio recording of two young women performing akazehe in rapid interlocking rhythm. The full performance lasts several minutes.
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form is practiced among rural women as a quotidian greeting between pairs of friends or relatives, irrespective of time or occasion.
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is generally understood as conversational rather than musical, with the practice (whose name derives from the
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structure and accords to an interlocking rhythm, with one woman singing a melodic, variable part (called the
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Une étude thématique du genre akazehe comme lieu d'expression de la condition de la femme au
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An index including three recordings of akazehe by
Italian ethnomusicologist Serena Facci
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609:"The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial"
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for its promotion of peace and traditional cultural values in
Burundi.
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A video of two
Burundian dancers performing a choerographed akazehe
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A video of two women performing akazehe, with explanatory captions
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is characterized in its lyrics by such stylistic devices as
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740:(Print ed.). New York: Oxford Academic. p. 212.
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Rural
Burundian women may greet each other with akazehe
478:, that is, to perfect, to do something with elegance."
16:
Burundian women's polyphonic, dialogic greeting ritual
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451:Variant name used in the Buyogoma region. The root
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69:, sung exclusively by and between women. The
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607:Facci, Serena; Ciucci, Alessandra (2020).
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214:Good feminine habits and ways of behaving
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229:The new characters never encountered
226:The new environment which is foreign
562:(MA thesis). University of Burundi.
352:C: The other girls know how to look
320:Call: It is needed to look for wood
360:C: Did you know how to draw water?
275:G: Horaho, banzuze, sagamba, gwiza
239:The following is an example of an
155:to take turns in carrying the load
14:
340:C: Long life to you, come rather,
332:C: Long life to you, come rather,
131:), to the other woman's rhythmic
65:form of chanted extended musical
738:The African Imagination in Music
459:which means "scream out of joy".
721:] (in French). Libreville:
666:from the original on 2023-07-06
637:from the original on 2023-11-15
531:from the original on 2021-10-20
220:The situation in the new family
818:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
656:"Explore Burundi: The Akazehe"
1:
368:C: Did you know how to share?
324:C: It is needed to draw water
1070:Current provincial governors
889:Burundian unrest (2015–2018)
698:10.1097/WTF.0000000000000030
613:Ethnomusicology Translations
364:C: Did you know how to cook?
348:C: He, who hates you, I hate
106:Ritual and musical structure
977:Constitution of the Kingdom
558:Ndimurwanko, Isaac (1986).
322:Response: What an elegance!
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344:C: long life to you, arise
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243:, transcribed by Italian
235:Blessings and well wishes
211:Women's domestic activity
967:Administrative divisions
622:10.14434/emt.v0i10.30278
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261:
198:Hello, hello my daughter
576:Facci & Ciucci 2020
328:C: It is needed to cook
263:Gutera: N’ako gusenya
217:One's family of origin
208:Friendship among women
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139:
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525:music.africamuseum.be
377:—Serena Facci (1996)
370:R: What an elegance!
291:G: ukwanda, ndamwanka
202:Yes, yes, yes my dear
137:response (called the
33:
22:
1096:Bank of the Republic
1021:Council of Ministers
856:Burundian genocides
736:Agawu, Kofi (2016).
399:vocal-whistle rhythm
366:R: What an elegance!
362:R: What an elegance!
358:R: What an elegance!
354:R: What an elegance!
350:R: What an elegance!
346:R: What an elegance!
342:R: What an elegance!
338:R: What an elegance!
334:R: What an elegance!
330:R: What an elegance!
326:R: What an elegance!
157:. The rhythm of the
877:Burundian Civil War
725:. pp. 350–351.
356:C: for wood to burn
223:The way of dressing
61:) is a traditional
1121:Telecommunications
845:Colonial residents
835:German East Africa
823:Kingdom of Burundi
660:Gazelle Foundation
311:G: Waruzi kugabura
283:G: Horaho, banzuze
265:Kwakira: Eh, shasa
98:has been noted by
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25:
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1212:Human trafficking
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1043:Political parties
1036:National Assembly
989:Foreign relations
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882:1993 coup attempt
850:Ruzagayura famine
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299:G: barasi gusenya
295:G: Abandi bakobwa
245:ethnomusicologist
119:call-and-response
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1303:Music of Burundi
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431:also spelled
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1237:Prostitution
1182:Demographics
1136:Trade unions
994:Human rights
972:Constitution
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731:
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712:
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689:
686:Intervention
685:
679:
668:. Retrieved
659:
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639:. Retrieved
615:(10): 1–37.
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559:
533:. Retrieved
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471:agahibongozo
470:
469:
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456:
452:
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319:
309:K: Eh, shasa
305:K: Eh, shasa
301:K: Eh, shasa
297:K: Eh, shasa
293:K: Eh, shasa
289:K: Eh, shasa
285:K: Eh, shasa
281:K: Eh, shasa
277:K: Eh, shasa
273:K: Eh, shasa
269:K: Eh, shasa
262:
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187:alliteration
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58:akahibongozo
57:
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39:
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1323:Vocal music
1222:LGBT rights
1111:Agriculture
999:LGBT rights
476:guhibongoza
405:– rhythmic
1297:Categories
1103:(currency)
1026:Parliament
670:2023-11-15
641:2023-11-15
535:2023-11-15
508:References
173:Formally,
153:, meaning
150:kwakiranwa
145:to receive
143:, meaning
127:, meaning
90:, meaning
71:polyphonic
1313:Greetings
1217:Languages
1187:Education
1131:Transport
1048:President
1006:Judiciary
984:Elections
931:Provinces
899:Geography
631:219002993
521:"Burundi"
279:G: ramuka
63:Burundian
1282:Category
1247:Religion
1202:Football
1162:Abortion
1016:Military
955:Politics
941:Wildlife
921:Communes
808:Timeline
792:articles
714:Centrale
664:Archived
635:Archived
529:Archived
403:Katajjaq
395:– ludic
393:Hindewhu
387:See also
256:English
253:Kirundi
191:metonymy
183:metaphor
179:allusion
134:ostinato
129:to throw
67:greeting
1266:Outline
1177:Cuisine
1150:Culture
1126:Tourism
1084:Economy
916:Climate
800:History
788:Burundi
457:uruyego
440:akazêhé
434:akazihi
241:akazehe
175:akazehe
159:akazehe
140:kwakira
111:Akazehe
96:Akazehe
92:to chat
82:Kirundi
78:akazehe
52:akayégo
46:agocoya
40:Akazehe
1207:Health
1116:Mining
1101:Franc
1031:Senate
936:Rivers
911:Cities
790:
744:
723:UNESCO
719:Africa
629:
189:, and
124:gutera
100:UNESCO
1273:Index
1232:Music
1227:Media
926:Lakes
828:kings
716:[
627:S2CID
453:-yego
419:Notes
413:Round
407:Inuit
163:canon
87:-zehe
84:root
1197:Flag
1053:list
865:1993
860:1972
742:ISBN
437:and
694:doi
617:doi
397:Aka
336:C:
55:or
1299::
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625:.
611:.
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523:.
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193:.
185:,
181:,
780:e
773:t
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619::
538:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
