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586:(Marduk's house) would recite sad prayers with the other priests and the people would answer with equally sad prayers which expressed humanity's fear of the unknown. This fear of the unknown explains why the high priest would head to the Ésagila every day asking for Marduk's forgiveness, begging him to protect Babylon, his holy city, and asking him to have favor on the city. This prayer was called "The Secret Of Ésagila". It reads:
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between heaven and earth as long as a human serves the gods till his death, therefore, gods' happiness isn't complete except if humans are happy as well, thus a human's destiny will be to be given happiness on the condition that he serves the gods. So Marduk and the gods renew their covenant with
Babylon, by promising the city another cycle of seasons. After the fate of mankind is decided, Marduk returns to the heavens.
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Before the gods arrived, the day would be filled with commotion. The puppets that were made on the third day would be burned and mock battle would be taking place as well. This commotion signified that without Marduk, the city would be in constant chaos. The priests would also collect all statues of
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On this day the public would gather at the river to eat together and celebrate. Meanwhile, the king was brought to the temple, where he would show humility before the gods. The high priest would slap the king as a way to further induce humility; the king's tears were seen as a good omen for the
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The gods return accompanied by their Lord Marduk to meet again in the
Destinies Hall "Upshu Ukkina", where they met for the first time on the eighth day, this time they will decide the fate of the people of Marduk. In ancient Assyrian philosophy Creation in general was considered as a covenant
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On the third day special craftsmen would create two puppets made of wood, gold, and precious stones and dress them in red. These puppets were set aside and would be used on the sixth day. Meanwhile, the priests and the people would pray before sunset. The king took a statue of
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It is said that on this day Marduk began celebrating his victory alongside the other gods. He returned to the capital to perform a ritual marriage ceremony to ensure the fertility of the land.
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William
Ricketts Cooper. "An Archaic Dictionary: biographical, historical and mythological: from the Egyptian, Assyrian, and Etruscan monuments". Published by S. Bagster and Sons, 1876.
1246:, Iraq, Vol. 61, (1999), pp. 187-189; Simo Parpola, Neo-Assyrian Treaties from the Royal Archives of Nineveh, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 161-189
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The
Babylonian Akitu Festival by Svend Aage Pallis Review by: S. S.The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland , No. 4 (Oct., 1927), pp. 895-897.
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as being one of the first regularly occurring forums where proposals for social maintenance or change could consistently be made and crucial issues readily addressed.
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Assyrians continue to observe and celebrate Akitu with parades, picnics, and parties both in Iraq and in the diaspora. Those celebrating will wear traditional
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It is interchangeably referred to as Akitu and
Assyrian New Year, and unlike the historical festival it is only celebrated for one day, the first of April.
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On the second day the high priest would bathe in the
Euphrates River before performing special prayers at the temple with the other priests.
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or "The Beard of April", involves
Assyrian women gathering plants and flowers and fashioning them into a garland for a home's front door.
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The fourth day involved memorials and celebration. The priests would tell creation stories while the people would sing and dance.
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1233:"Middle Eastern religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web.
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1100:"The Akitu-Festival - Www.GatewaysToBabylon.com." The Akitu-Festival - Www.GatewaysToBabylon.com. N.p., n.d. Web.
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Gard, Carolyn. "Akitu The
Babylonian New Year's Festival." Calliope 11.3 (2000): 36. MAS Ultra - School Edition.
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1520:- The Babylonian Akītu Festival and the Ritual Humiliation of the King - Sam Mirelman - ANE Today - Sep 2022
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On this day a large procession was held with the king and the gods, adorned with gold and precious stones.
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It was said that on this day the other gods would give their power to Marduk, making him the supreme god.
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The
Babylonian Akitu Festival: Rectifying the King or Renewing the Cosmos? (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
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The modern observance of Akitu began in the 1960s during the
Assyrian intellectual renaissance.
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Due to political oppression, however, the celebrations were largely private until the 1990s.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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On the last day of the festival it was believed that the gods returned to the temple.
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Newer traditions have also arisen in diaspora communities. The Assyrian community in
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has a tradition of raising the Assyrian flag in front of City Hall on April 1.
771:(r. 218-222), who was of Syrian origin, even introduced the festival in Italy (
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The Akitu Festival: Religious Continuity and Royal Legitimation in Mesopotamia
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Phoenix. Bulletin van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux
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818:. The festival is celebrated on April 1, corresponding to the start of the
968:"Rise Nineveh': Christians in Iraq celebrate Assyrian New Year and Easter"
901:, the festival is often more lighthearted than its historical counterpart.
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Lord of the lands, who livest in Eudul, who takest the fallen by the hand;
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period. At the beginning of the 3rd century, it was still celebrated in
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coming year. The priests would then reintroduce the king to the public.
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1434:"Assyrians Celebrate Traditional Flag Raising At Yonkers City Hall"
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Karel van der Toorn (1990). 'Het Babylonische Nieuwjaarsfeest' in
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Marduk was said to disappear on this day to go fight the goddess
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Lord of the lands, light of the Igigi, who pronouncest blessings;
546:. Akitu originates from the Sumerian spring New Year festival of
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Abraham Sachs (1969). "Akkadian Rituals", in: J. B. Pritchard,
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Akitu festival has played a pivotal role in the development of
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BVSGW, vol. 58, pp. 126–56; vol. 70 (1918), pt. 3, 52 pp.
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The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 103, (1983), pp. 156-159
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Lord of kings, light of men, who dost apportion destinies,
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Give freedom to them that dwell in Babylon, thy wards!"
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The Babylonian festival traditionally started on 4
1371:"Top Kurdish officials send celebratory Akitu messages"
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the gods on this day and bring them inside the temple.
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1337:"Assyrians in Duhok have a cheerful Akitu celebration"
1135:"What did our ancestors do during the Akitu festival?"
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Some people will dress up as ancient Assyrian royalty.
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in 683 BC built an "Akitu house" outside the walls of
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Makest them see light so that they proclaim thy power.
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Would not speak of thy majesty, praise thy dominion?
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751:. The Akitu festival was continued throughout the
1174:"The Akitu Festival and the Humbling of the King"
1033:Oracc: The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1002:Oracc: The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
597:Lord, who throwest down the strong by his glance,
601:O Lord, Babylon is thy seat, Borsippa thy crown
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523:'s celebration, held on the first day of the
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814:is the name of the spring festival among the
542:around the world, to celebrate the sowing of
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1203:"Akitu: Assyrians celebrate 6769th New Year"
888:Reesh Shato Brikhto, Reesha D’Sheeta Brikhta
605:Within thine arms thou takest the strong....
613:Who would not proclaim thy, yea, thy power?
607:Within thy glance thou grantest them grace,
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1404:"Assyrian New Year Celebrations in Sydney"
1302:"The Joys of Akitu, the Assyrian New Year"
574:(lower class), High Priest, and the King.
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1898:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
621:Turn thy face towards Esagila, thy temple
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
1722:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
747:. Another Akitu house was built outside
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593:Lord, gracious king, lord of the lands,
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1491:, 3rd. ed., Princeton, pp. 331–4.
1257:Ritual for a Seleucid King at Babylon?
1242:Ali Yaseen Ahmad and A. Kirk Grayson,
595:Who made salvation for the great gods,
175:Assyrians celebrating Akitu year 6769
16:Spring festival in ancient Mesopotamia
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2693:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
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797:, this month has mainly been called
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1347:from the original on 1 January 2023
1438:Assyrian International News Agency
1178:Assyrian International News Agency
1073:from the original on 13 March 2022
1039:from the original on June 12, 2023
1008:from the original on June 12, 2023
948:Katabasis#Trip into the underworld
14:
1469:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
1402:Emmanuel, Ninos (23 March 2022).
1369:Bechocha, Julian (1 April 2022).
1172:Holloway, April (21 March 2015).
1133:Emmanuel, Ninos (30 March 2021).
897:Due to its modern alignment with
603:The wide heavens are thy body....
214:1 April; varies between April 1–4
113:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:This article has multiple issues.
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2026:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
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1432:Ishaya, Maryam (19 April 2022).
619:Have pity upon thy city, Babylon
591:"Lord without peer in thy wrath,
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249:
100:
64:
23:
2505:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
1928:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1918:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
1657:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
1507:Zum babylonischen Neujahrhfest,
1444:from the original on 2023-01-01
1414:from the original on 2023-01-01
1381:from the original on 2023-01-01
1335:Nhili, Kurmanj (2 April 2022).
1312:from the original on 2023-01-01
1213:from the original on 2023-01-01
1184:from the original on 2023-01-01
1145:from the original on 2023-01-01
978:from the original on 2022-02-18
42:or discuss these issues on the
1788:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
1244:Sennacherib in the Akitu House
179:(April) 1st 2019) in Nohadra (
1:
1482:The Babylonian Akitu Festival
927:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
735:following the destruction of
2284:in ISIL-controlled territory
508:
481:
2195:Council of Representatives
1933:Weapons of mass destruction
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1923:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
1300:Shams, Alex (2017-04-06).
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1505:Heinrich Zimmern (1906),
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73:This article needs to be
2274:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
2185:Administrative divisions
1480:Svend A. Pallis (1926).
126:may contain suggestions.
111:may need to be rewritten
1833:Mandate for Mesopotamia
1707:First Babylonian Empire
1992:Insurgency (2011–2013)
1913:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1717:Middle Assyrian Empire
1465:Julye Bidmead (2004).
1027:Tinney, Steve (2017).
996:Tinney, Steve (2017).
886:and use the greetings
626:
2792:New Year celebrations
2787:Mesopotamian religion
2279:in post-invasion Iraq
1985:U.S. troop withdrawal
1747:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1306:Ajam Media Collective
1255:S. M. Sherwin-White,
2228:Council of Ministers
2110:Mesopotamian Marshes
1029:"akiti (FESTIVAL) N"
998:"akiti (FESTIVAL) N"
851:Western Civilization
835:theories of religion
795:Babylonian captivity
540:Assyrian communities
363:World Heritage Sites
2490:Mesopotamian Arabic
2296:Freedom of religion
1742:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1712:Old Assyrian Period
1697:Neo-Sumerian Empire
932:Babylonian religion
733:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2421:Telecommunications
2396:Foreign Investment
2333:Wars and conflicts
2269:in pre-Saddam Iraq
2233:Presidency Council
2019:2019–2021 protests
1948:Invasion of Kuwait
1772:Sassanid Asorestan
1767:Parthian Babylonia
1762:Seleucid Babylonia
1757:Achaemenid Assyria
1672:Jemdet Nasr period
857:Modern observances
644:to be worshipped.
578:First to Third Day
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2698:Mandaean New Year
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2065:Upper Mesopotamia
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1798:Abbasid Caliphate
1793:Umayyad Caliphate
1702:Isin-Larsa period
1061:Lendering, Jona.
972:Los Angeles Times
915:Yonkers, New York
880:Assyrian clothing
820:Assyrian calendar
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1980:Iraqi insurgency
1902:National Command
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782:The new moon of
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2080:Euphrates river
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1997:War (2014–2017)
1943:Operation Opera
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1843:Kingdom of Iraq
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777:Roman History
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755:and into the
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41:
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35:
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21:
20:
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2590:Christianity
2472:Demographics
2406:Oil reserves
2401:Oil Industry
2368:Central Bank
2264:Human rights
2190:Constitution
2135:Tigris river
2115:Persian Gulf
1823:Ottoman Iraq
1808:Qara Qoyunlu
1642:Ubaid period
1506:
1498:36/1, 10-29
1495:
1481:
1466:
1460:Bibliography
1446:. Retrieved
1437:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1408:SBS Language
1407:
1383:. Retrieved
1374:
1349:. Retrieved
1341:Kurdistan 24
1340:
1314:. Retrieved
1305:
1273:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1215:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1177:
1167:
1158:
1147:. Retrieved
1139:SBS Language
1138:
1096:
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1066:
1041:. Retrieved
1032:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1001:
991:
980:. Retrieved
971:
962:
939:in Mandaeism
911:
908:Deqna Nissan
907:
905:
902:
895:
891:
887:
877:
874:
871:
868:
866:
824:
810:
793:) Since the
788:Exodus 13:4;
781:
776:
757:Roman Empire
730:
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713:
710:Eleventh Day
705:
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451:
450:
388:Coat of arms
200:Significance
145:
129:
120:You can help
110:
82:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2746:WikiProject
2547:Marsh Arabs
2532:Circassians
2213:Foreign aid
2105:Mesopotamia
1667:Uruk period
1500:online link
1351:31 December
1077:31 December
937:Dehwa Rabba
863:Kha b-Nisan
812:Kha b-Nisan
741:Sennacherib
719:Twelfth Day
674:Seventh Day
536:Mesopotamia
534:in ancient
2782:Enūma Eliš
2771:Categories
2663:Television
2643:Literature
2605:Irreligion
2580:Secularism
2517:Minorities
2385:(currency)
2378:Corruption
2223:Government
2014:Insurgency
1813:Aq Qoyunlu
1634:Chronology
1529:livius.org
1448:2023-01-01
1418:2023-01-01
1385:2023-01-01
1316:2023-01-01
1217:2023-01-01
1188:2023-01-01
1149:2023-01-01
982:2022-02-13
954:References
831:Babylonian
806:Esther 3:7
769:Elagabalus
686:Eighth Day
648:Fourth Day
529:Babylonian
331:Television
301:Literature
132:March 2018
85:March 2018
39:improve it
2777:Babylonia
2683:Squatting
2648:Education
2595:Mandaeism
2564:/Turkoman
2542:Mandaeans
2527:Assyrians
2522:Armenians
2485:Languages
2373:Companies
2328:Judiciary
2238:President
2208:Elections
2203:Democracy
2049:Geography
1965:Sanctions
1883:2003–2011
1878:1968–2003
1873:1958–1968
1732:Babylonia
816:Assyrians
702:Tenth Day
694:Ninth Day
665:Sixth Day
656:Fifth Day
640:into the
356:Monuments
273:Languages
219:Frequency
124:talk page
45:talk page
2726:Category
2575:Religion
2552:Persians
2436:Railways
2431:Airlines
2313:Military
2174:Politics
2150:Wildlife
2140:Umm Qasr
1970:Iraq War
1953:Gulf War
1865:Republic
1818:Safavids
1781:638–1958
1442:Archived
1412:Archived
1379:Archived
1345:Archived
1310:Archived
1211:Archived
1182:Archived
1143:Archived
1071:Archived
1037:Archived
1006:Archived
976:Archived
921:See also
827:Assyrian
779:, 5.6).
773:Herodian
525:Assyrian
521:New Year
517:festival
509:akītu(m)
487:Akkadian
460:Sumerian
287:Religion
233:a series
231:Part of
204:New Year
2756:Commons
2673:Smoking
2638:Culture
2633:Cuisine
2616:General
2600:Yazidis
2557:Solluba
2510:Persian
2500:Kurdish
2495:Aramaic
2460:Society
2441:Tourism
2352:Economy
2100:Islands
2075:Borders
1900: (
1890:present
1825:(incl.
1737:Assyria
1682:Subartu
1622:History
1562:Society
1536:Portals
1043:June 5,
1012:June 5,
943:Dumuzid
884:poppies
749:Nineveh
739:. King
737:Babylon
636:son of
584:Ésagila
568:muskena
538:and in
512:) is a
482:a-ki-ti
376:Symbols
280:Cuisine
259:History
75:updated
2736:Portal
2678:Sports
2653:Health
2628:Cinema
2480:Iraqis
2383:Dinar
2318:Police
2120:Places
1610:topics
1473:
1067:Livius
843:ritual
761:Emessa
727:Legacy
680:Tiamat
642:temple
638:Marduk
560:Nissan
548:Zagmuk
544:barley
514:spring
456:Akitum
336:Cinema
266:People
235:on the
222:Annual
177:Nisanu
122:. The
2668:Music
2658:Media
2585:Islam
2537:Kurds
2363:Banks
2301:Women
2095:Lakes
1888:2011–
1848:Kings
1677:Sumer
1375:Rudaw
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799:Nisan
791:23:15
765:Syria
745:Assur
572:wardu
564:awilu
532:Nisan
452:Akitu
347:Sport
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318:Media
308:Music
181:Duhok
164:Akitu
2568:Jews
2291:LGBT
2255:List
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1608:Iraq
1550:Iraq
1489:ANET
1471:ISBN
1353:2022
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882:and
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839:myth
829:and
825:The
784:Aviv
634:Nabu
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519:and
383:Flag
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