359:, but his campaign was cut short after being informed that Ali planned to seize Mosul in his absence. Through the mediation of Hasan, again the brothers reconciled, and Ali was named as deputy of al-Muqallad for Mosul during the latter's absences from the city. The compromise between al-Muqallad and Ali had far-reaching consequences for the Uqaylid emirate. It ensured that the Uqayl tribesmen, rather than a standing force of professional troops, would be the backbone of the dynasty throughout its existence.
368:
395:. Evidently the appointment was part of a Buyid strategy to counter the threat of the Khafaja with the Uqaylids, but al-Muqallad managed to maintain good relations with the Khafaja, and even enlisted him in his own campaigns. At the same time, by virtue of his expansion into Iraq came into conflict with another Arab tribe, the
350:
The conflict between the two brothers erupted in early 997. Despite lavish gifts, al-Muqallad was unable to secure the backing of more than 2,000 Uqayl tribesmen, while 10,000 flocked to Ali's cause instead. However, the clash was avoided through the intercession of their sister, Rahila, who "in a
351:
very traditional gesture, had threatened to shame herself in front of the whole tribe" unless they came to terms, as
Kennedy writes. The brothers reconciled, and Ali was released and restored to his domains. Al-Muqallad then turned on his brothers' erstwhile ally, the ruler of
338:
remarks, the two men represented two different worlds and concepts of government. While Ali "stood for traditional bedouin leadership and relied on the military power of the tribe", al-Muqallad, with his contacts with the Buyid court and its military system based on
Turkish
406:
In 997–998, al-Muqallad launched a campaign into the
Kurdish areas to the northwest, culminating in the capture of the towns of Daquqa and Khanijar in September/October 1000. At about the same time, in 999/1000, Ali died, and was succeeded by a younger brother,
274:
for support, promising an annual tribute in exchange. At the same time, he persuaded Ali to assist him in capturing Mosul, claiming that Baha al-Dawla had appointed him governor there. The two brothers successfully took Mosul from its Buyid governor,
414:
Boosted by his successes, al-Muqallad set his sights on capturing
Baghdad itself. It was during negotiations with the Buyids' army commanders that he fell victim to assassination by one of his own Turkish slave-soldiers at Anbar on 22 January 1001.
269:
fought over the succession. According to tribal custom, Ali, as the eldest, should have succeeded their father, and consequently he was also supported by the majority of the Uqayl tribe. Al-Muqallad turned to the Buyid emir
422:, but not before yet another succession struggle between Qirwash and his uncle, Hasan, was resolved via compromise. Qirwash would spend the next few years in trying to keep his father's acquisitions across Iraq.
242:
that forced them to turn to the Uqayl for military assistance. In the process, he seized several towns in Upper
Mesopotamia, culminating in the capture of Mosul itself in
198:, and respect the tribal customs of the Uqayl tribe. His ambitions led him to turn south, towards Buyid-held Iraq, where he came to control a number of towns around
418:
Due to the loose tribal structure of the
Uqaylid regime, his power base quickly crumbled, allowing the Buyids to recover. Al-Muqallad was succeeded by his son,
334:, Ali lived as a traditional bedouin chieftain among the Uqayl tribesmen. Soon, however, the rift between Ali and al-Muqallad re-emerged. As the historian
919:
812:
755:
708:
387:, as well as the settlement of al-Sindiya, located almost at the gates of Baghdad. In Kufa, al-Muqallad replaced the hitherto ruling
899:
894:
731:
194:
governor from the city. His attempts to create a centralized state failed, however, as he had to share power with his older brother
379:
Al-Muqallad himself devoted most of his attention to his interests in Iraq, where he quickly managed to take over control of
411:. With assistance from the Khafaja, al-Muqallad expelled Hasan from Mosul, securing sole control of the city for himself.
884:
765:
790:
686:
206:. In late 1000, he entered into negotiations for the capture of Baghdad, but was assassinated on 22 January 1001.
777:
677:
914:
904:
223:
183:
858:
408:
283:
was unable to prevent an open conflict with the Buyids, but it was soon settled against the payment of 10,000
909:
866:
827:
419:
276:
55:
45:
330:
While al-Muqallad remained in charge of Mosul and began recruiting a military force composed of Turks and
161:
134:
392:
889:
400:
356:
854:
266:
195:
173:
781:
747:
The
Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
681:
808:
751:
727:
704:
231:
75:
800:
696:
669:
320:
27:
741:
665:
347:
and
Daylamite troops, pursued a centralized government "very much in the Hamdanid mould".
335:
152:
125:
105:
785:
773:
673:
657:
878:
845:
804:
700:
372:
271:
769:
661:
380:
71:
367:
745:
284:
215:
396:
331:
235:
388:
342:
280:
199:
179:
100:
384:
835:
366:
352:
324:
250:
239:
227:
191:
187:
145:
316:
254:
219:
203:
265:
When
Muhammad died in 996, al-Muqallad and his older brother
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
226:
began the rise of the
Uqaylids to power by exploiting the
625:
623:
436:
434:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
279:, and agreed to rule it jointly. Al-Muqallad's agent in
720:
Chalif und Grosskönig - Die Buyiden im Irak (945-1055)
586:
584:
582:
580:
724:
Caliph and Great King - The Buyids in Iraq (945-1055)
531:
529:
527:
91:
Husam al-Dawla Abu Hassan al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab
340:
310:
288:
166:
139:
249:, which he then ruled as the nominal vassal of the
111:
99:
85:
65:
61:
51:
41:
33:
26:
21:
315:) of the Arab tribes, and the tax farms of Mosul,
214:Al-Muqallad and the Uqaylids belonged to the
8:
726:] (in German). Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
493:
294:
287:. Al-Muqallad received the honorific title
182:chieftain. He succeeded his older brother,
821:
791:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
687:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
18:
695:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 786–787.
614:
440:
629:
602:
547:
518:
464:
452:
430:
403:, who raided the Uqaylid territories.
178:'Sword of the State'), was an
141:Abū Ḥassān al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab
122:Abu Hassan al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab
82:
641:
590:
571:
559:
535:
7:
799:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 497.
750:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
156:
129:
14:
805:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5455
701:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1274
234:, and the weakness of the last
920:11th-century murdered monarchs
190:, succeeding in expelling the
1:
243:
467:, pp. 272–273, 295–296.
363:Intrigues in Iraq and death
341:
311:
289:
167:
140:
936:
863:
843:
824:
718:Busse, Heribert (2004) .
90:
81:
900:11th-century Arab people
895:10th-century Arab people
309:), the title of leader (
130:أبو حسن المقلد بن المسيب
867:Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad
56:Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad
376:
375:in the Abbasid period
370:
828:Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj
550:, pp. 283, 296.
304:Sword of the Dynasty
277:Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj
46:Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj
885:10th-century births
617:, pp. 786–787.
605:, pp. 296–297.
261:Succession disputes
220:northern Arab tribe
766:Zetterstéen, K. V.
644:, pp. 75, 85.
377:
144:), known with the
873:
872:
864:Succeeded by
841:
814:978-90-04-09419-2
757:978-0-582-40525-7
710:978-90-04-11211-7
574:, pp. 76–77.
562:, pp. 74–75.
319:, Qasr (possibly
232:Upper Mesopotamia
177:
165:
138:
119:
118:
95:
94:
76:Abbasid Caliphate
927:
850:996–1001
831:
825:Preceded by
822:
818:
782:Heinrichs, W. P.
761:
737:
714:
682:Heinrichs, W. P.
645:
639:
633:
627:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
522:
516:
497:
494:Zetterstéen 1993
491:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
393:Ulyan ibn Thimal
346:
321:Qasr Ibn Hubayra
314:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
292:
248:
245:
172:
170:
160:
158:
143:
133:
131:
83:
19:
935:
934:
930:
929:
928:
926:
925:
924:
915:History of Kufa
905:Uqaylid dynasty
875:
874:
869:
857:
851:
849:
830:
815:
774:Bosworth, C. E.
764:
758:
740:
734:
717:
711:
674:Bosworth, C. E.
658:Bosworth, C. E.
656:
653:
648:
640:
636:
628:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
589:
578:
570:
566:
558:
554:
546:
542:
534:
525:
517:
500:
492:
471:
463:
459:
451:
447:
439:
432:
428:
365:
336:Hugh N. Kennedy
306:
303:
300:
297:
263:
246:
212:
70:
69:22 January 1001
17:
12:
11:
5:
933:
931:
923:
922:
917:
912:
910:Emirs of Mosul
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
877:
876:
871:
870:
865:
862:
842:
826:
820:
819:
813:
778:van Donzel, E.
762:
756:
738:
732:
715:
709:
678:van Donzel, E.
666:Bearman, P. J.
652:
649:
647:
646:
634:
632:, p. 297.
619:
607:
595:
576:
564:
552:
540:
523:
521:, p. 296.
498:
496:, p. 497.
469:
457:
455:, p. 295.
445:
443:, p. 786.
429:
427:
424:
401:Ali ibn Mazyad
373:region of Iraq
364:
361:
357:Ali ibn Mazyad
290:Ḥusām al-Dawla
262:
259:
222:. His brother
211:
208:
186:, as ruler of
168:Ḥusām al-Dawla
149:Husam al-Dawla
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:
79:
78:
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
24:
23:
22:Husam al-Dawla
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
932:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
868:
861:
860:
856:
848:
847:
846:Emir of Mosul
840:
839:
837:
829:
823:
816:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:"al-Muḳallad"
767:
763:
759:
753:
749:
748:
743:
742:Kennedy, Hugh
739:
735:
733:3-89913-005-7
729:
725:
721:
716:
712:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
688:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:Bianquis, Th.
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:
650:
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
615:Bosworth 2000
611:
608:
604:
599:
596:
593:, p. 75.
592:
587:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
544:
541:
538:, p. 74.
537:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
449:
446:
442:
441:Bosworth 2000
437:
435:
431:
425:
423:
421:
416:
412:
410:
404:
402:
398:
394:
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386:
382:
374:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
348:
345:
344:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
291:
286:
282:
278:
273:
272:Baha al-Dawla
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
201:
197:
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185:
181:
175:
169:
163:
154:
150:
147:
142:
136:
127:
123:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
89:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
28:Emir of Mosul
25:
20:
16:Emir of Mosul
853:
844:
833:
832:
796:
789:
746:
723:
719:
692:
685:
637:
630:Kennedy 2004
610:
603:Kennedy 2004
598:
567:
555:
548:Kennedy 2004
543:
519:Kennedy 2004
465:Kennedy 2004
460:
453:Kennedy 2004
448:
417:
413:
405:
378:
349:
329:
264:
213:
202:, including
148:
121:
120:
890:1001 deaths
795:Volume VII:
786:Pellat, Ch.
662:"ʿUḳaylids"
371:Map of the
325:al-Jami'ayn
285:gold dinars
230:raids into
157:حسام الدولة
115:Al-Musayyab
42:Predecessor
879:Categories
642:Busse 2004
591:Busse 2004
572:Busse 2004
560:Busse 2004
536:Busse 2004
426:References
332:Daylamites
247: 990
238:rulers of
216:Banu Uqayl
691:Volume X:
397:Banu Asad
253:emirs of
162:romanized
146:honorific
135:romanized
52:Successor
859:Al-Hasan
838:governor
788:(eds.).
768:(1993).
744:(2004).
684:(eds.).
660:(2000).
409:al-Hasan
399:, under
236:Hamdanid
224:Muhammad
184:Muhammad
37:996–1001
797:Mif–Naz
651:Sources
420:Qirwash
389:Khafaja
343:ghilmān
323:), and
298:
281:Baghdad
228:Kurdish
200:Baghdad
180:Uqaylid
176:
164::
137::
106:Uqaylid
101:Dynasty
852:With:
811:
784:&
754:
730:
707:
680:&
385:Tikrit
210:Origin
153:Arabic
126:Arabic
112:Father
836:Buyid
772:. In
722:[
664:. In
391:emir
381:Anbar
353:Wasit
312:zaʿīm
251:Buyid
240:Mosul
192:Buyid
188:Mosul
86:Names
72:Anbar
34:Reign
809:ISBN
752:ISBN
728:ISBN
705:ISBN
383:and
317:Kufa
295:lit.
255:Iraq
218:, a
204:Kufa
174:lit.
66:Died
855:Ali
834:as
801:doi
697:doi
693:T–U
267:Ali
196:Ali
881::
807:.
793:.
780:;
776:;
703:.
689:.
676:;
672:;
668:;
622:^
579:^
526:^
501:^
472:^
433:^
355:,
327:.
257:.
244:c.
171:,
159:,
155::
132:,
128::
74:,
817:.
803::
760:.
736:.
713:.
699::
307:'
301:'
293:(
151:(
124:(
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