212:
291:
where they inflicted a decisive defeat on the
Mongols, turning back their invasion in a way which was almost unprecedented in the Mongol experience. Al Mansur served with distinction during the battle, and was restored to his domains in Hama as a Mamluk vassal. His loyalty thereafter to the Mamluks
264:
outside Cairo. This exposed An-Nasir and all of the other emirs who had supported him to the dangers of a Mamluk invasion of Syria, and in the following years the
Mamluks steadily expanded their power over Palestine and the southern portions of Syria. At the same time, the Mongols were emerging as
278:
he began to mistrust him and lost faith in the alliance he had proposed. Cornered between the
Mongols heading south and the Mamluks heading north, he entrusted his family to Al-Mansur, handed over command of his troops to him, and directed him to join Qutuz in his camp. An-Nasir himself with his
269:
launched his long-awaited invasion of Syria. Crossing the
Euphrates, Hulagu first laid siege to Aleppo in January 1260 (Safar 658), which unwisely declined his offer to let it surrender. The Mongols stormed the city after a brief siege, and laid waste to it without mercy. Needing no further
273:
The other
Ayyubid emirates in Syria all quickly submitted to the Mongols around the same time, although they continued to scheme with each other and with the Mamluks to try and organise a military coalition to drive the Mongols back. Al-Mansur was closely allied with An-Nasir Yusuf, ruler of
274:
Damascus, who fled before the
Mongols arrived and headed for Egypt with Al-Mansur in attendance, where he now hoped to form an alliance with the Mamluks to drive the Mongols out and restore himself to paramountcy in Syria. However, as he approached the encampment of the Mamluk general
270:
warning, Al-Mansur sent an embassy to Hulagu to plead for the lives and livelihoods of the people of Hama. Hulagu agreed to spare the city, and sent a
Persian official named Khusraushah to rule the city as his viceregent.
259:
The effect of this coup in Egypt was to make An-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo the senior
Ayyubid ruler, and Al Mansur joined the other minor emirs in the army he assembled to invade Egypt. The Ayyubid army went down to a
287:
In obeying Am-Nasir Yusuf and joining the Mamluk army, Al-Mansur took a decisive step which was to restore him to Hama, albeit under Mamluk suzerainty. The Mamluk army headed north to
878:
292:
meant that while the other
Ayyubid states were gradually absorbed by them over the next few years, Hama remained under Ayyubid rule until 1341, longer than any other Syrian city.
239:
as well as Al Mansur. Both were young - Al-Ashraf Musa was eighteen and Al Mansur was just twelve - and new on their thrones. As-Salih Ayyub campaigned against his rival
414:
792:
377:
Irwin R., The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk
Sultanate 1250-1382, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale 1986, p.46
858:
817:
546:
873:
812:
717:
541:
493:
458:
350:
Grousset R (trans. Walford N), The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia State University of New Jersey 2002, p.362
243:
of Aleppo but returned to Egypt to confront a new Crusader threat in 1249. Shortly afterwards he died. His son and successor
863:
407:
637:
232:
220:
827:
521:
279:
brother and son remained behind and he was captured by Mongol skirmishers and sent back to Hulagu as a prisoner.
400:
868:
767:
682:
423:
296:
69:
341:
Mundhir Fattah, Hala and Caso, Frank, A Brief History of Iraq, Infobase Publishing, New York 2009, p.101
672:
667:
200:
188:
59:
359:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.350
853:
757:
662:
622:
556:
483:
368:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.91
323:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.91
244:
192:
762:
386:
Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968 pp.103-273"
752:
288:
164:
657:
300:
772:
531:
231:
was consolidating his power. In spring 1247 As-Salih Ayyub set out for Syria where he met emir
727:
722:
692:
632:
261:
586:
427:
133:
104:
265:
a serious threat in the East, and took Baghdad in 1258. In September 1259 (Ramadan 657)
247:
did not long outlive him and in 1250 the Ayyubid dynasty was overthrown in Egypt by the
832:
822:
712:
597:
581:
561:
551:
536:
488:
478:
453:
240:
228:
211:
847:
248:
17:
802:
591:
392:
266:
114:
807:
797:
747:
703:
627:
473:
332:
Riley-Smith, J. (ed.) The Atlas of the Crusades, Times Books, London 1990 p.96
526:
463:
687:
507:
468:
783:
617:
516:
448:
196:
180:
99:
572:
435:
738:
439:
304:
275:
648:
608:
503:
236:
227:
Al Mansur came to the throne at a time when the Egyptian Sultan
216:
184:
40:
396:
295:
Al Mansur ruled until 1284, when he was succeeded by his son
219:, commissioned by Al-Mansur Muhammad II. Presently in the
781:
736:
701:
646:
606:
570:
502:
434:
160:
149:
139:
129:
110:
98:
90:
75:
65:
55:
47:
32:
307:because he was too much of a threat to his rule.
299:. Al Mansur’s sister was betrothed to the Mamluk
879:13th-century people from the Mamluk Sultanate
408:
8:
415:
401:
393:
29:
210:
316:
195:. He was the great-great grandson of
303:who was murdered by the Mamluk Sultan
7:
27:Ayyubid Emir of Hama (r. 1244–1284)
25:
262:disastrous defeat at Al-Salihiyya
203:. His mother was Ghaziya Khatun.
255:Threats from Mamluks and Mongols
145:Ayyubid army (Mamluk regiments)
1:
153:
94:1284 (aged 69–70)
859:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
895:
221:Victoria and Albert Museum
170:
124:
120:
37:
874:Medieval child monarchs
688:al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida
828:Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi
683:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
459:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
297:Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
224:
70:Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
864:Ayyubid emirs of Hama
678:al-Mansur II Muhammad
673:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
668:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
214:
201:Nur ad-Din Shahanshah
189:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
177:Al-Mansur II Muhammad
150:Years of service
60:Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
33:Al-Mansur II Muhammad
18:Al-Mansur Muhammad II
768:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
663:al-Mansur I Muhammad
623:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
557:al-Muazzam Turanshah
484:al-Muazzam Turanshah
245:Al-Muazzam Turanshah
193:al-Mansur I Muhammad
753:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
618:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
165:Battle of Ain Jalut
658:al-Muzaffar I Umar
301:Faris ad-Din Aktai
283:Mamluk Restoration
225:
215:Marble basin from
187:1244–1284, son of
841:
840:
728:al-Kamil Muhammad
723:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
693:al-Afdal Muhammad
633:al-Mansur Ibrahim
174:
173:
16:(Redirected from
886:
587:al-Aziz Muhammad
417:
410:
403:
394:
387:
384:
378:
375:
369:
366:
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348:
342:
339:
333:
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321:
191:and grandson of
155:
141:
86:
84:
30:
21:
894:
893:
889:
888:
887:
885:
884:
883:
844:
843:
842:
837:
818:as-Salih Ismail
793:Ibn al-Muqaddam
777:
773:al-Mas'ud Yusuf
758:al-Muizz Ismail
739:Yemen and Hejaz
732:
697:
642:
602:
566:
547:as-Salih Ismail
532:al-Mu'azzam Isa
498:
430:
428:Ayyubid dynasty
421:
391:
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376:
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367:
363:
358:
354:
349:
345:
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336:
331:
327:
322:
318:
313:
285:
257:
209:
125:Military career
82:
80:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
892:
890:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
846:
845:
839:
838:
836:
835:
833:an-Nasir Yusuf
830:
825:
823:as-Salih Ayyub
820:
815:
813:al-Ashraf Musa
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
765:
763:an-Nasir Ayyub
760:
755:
750:
744:
742:
734:
733:
731:
730:
725:
720:
718:al-Ashraf Musa
715:
713:al-Awhad Ayyub
709:
707:
699:
698:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
652:
644:
643:
641:
640:
638:al-Ashraf Musa
635:
630:
625:
620:
614:
612:
604:
603:
601:
600:
598:an-Nasir Yusuf
595:
589:
584:
582:az-Zahir Ghazi
578:
576:
568:
567:
565:
564:
562:an-Nasir Yusuf
559:
554:
552:as-Salih Ayyub
549:
544:
542:al-Ashraf Musa
539:
537:an-Nasir Dawud
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
511:
500:
499:
497:
496:
494:al-Ashraf Musa
491:
489:Shajar al-Durr
486:
481:
479:as-Salih Ayyub
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
454:al-Aziz Uthman
451:
445:
443:
432:
431:
422:
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419:
412:
405:
397:
389:
388:
379:
370:
361:
352:
343:
334:
325:
315:
314:
312:
309:
284:
281:
256:
253:
241:An-Nasir Yusuf
233:Al-Ashraf Musa
229:As-Salih Ayyub
208:
205:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
158:
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63:
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57:
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45:
44:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
891:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Sunni Muslims
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
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790:
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771:
769:
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751:
749:
746:
745:
743:
740:
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724:
721:
719:
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714:
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710:
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664:
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631:
629:
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621:
619:
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583:
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563:
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545:
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472:
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429:
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365:
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306:
302:
298:
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290:
282:
280:
277:
271:
268:
263:
254:
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250:
249:Bahri mamluks
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
218:
213:
206:
204:
202:
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194:
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182:
178:
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138:
135:
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128:
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119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
31:
19:
677:
592:Dayfa Khatun
382:
373:
364:
355:
346:
337:
328:
319:
294:
286:
272:
258:
226:
176:
175:
161:Battles/wars
38:
854:1284 deaths
803:Farrukhshah
786:(1175–1260)
741:(1173–1228)
706:(1180–1260)
651:(1175–1341)
611:(1175–1262)
575:(1177–1260)
510:(1174–1260)
442:(1171–1250)
267:Hulagu Khan
207:Early years
156:1260 – 1280
115:Sunni Islam
56:Predecessor
848:Categories
808:Bahramshah
798:Turan-Shah
748:Turan-Shah
704:Diyar Bakr
628:al-Mujahid
474:al-Adil II
311:References
130:Allegiance
782:Emirs of
737:Emirs of
702:Emirs of
647:Emirs of
607:Emirs of
571:Emirs of
527:al-Adil I
464:al-Adil I
289:Ain Jalut
223:, London
197:Saladin’s
66:Successor
51:1244–1284
594:(regent)
522:al-Afdal
508:Damascus
469:al-Kamil
199:brother
183:emir of
179:was the
140:Service/
134:Ayyubids
111:Religion
39:Emir of
784:Baalbek
517:Saladin
449:Saladin
436:Sultans
426:of the
181:Ayyubid
105:Ayyubid
100:Dynasty
81: (
573:Aleppo
424:Rulers
142:branch
504:Emirs
440:Egypt
305:Aybak
276:Qutuz
48:Reign
649:Hama
609:Homs
237:Homs
217:Hama
185:Hama
91:Died
83:1214
79:1214
76:Born
41:Hama
506:of
438:of
235:of
850::
251:.
154:c.
416:e
409:t
402:v
85:)
20:)
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