96:
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1758:, quelled the revolt in Hama with very harsh means. Tanks and artillery shelled the neighbourhoods held by the insurgents indiscriminately, and government forces are alleged to have executed thousands of prisoners and civilian residents after subduing the revolt, which became known as the Hama massacre. The story is suppressed and regarded as highly sensitive in Syria. The Hama massacre led to the military term "Hama Rules" meaning the complete large-scale destruction of a military objective or target. The city was the site of conflict between the Syrian military and opposition forces as one of the main arenas of the
208:
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175:
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78:
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2528:), although some districts of the city are exclusively Christian. Hama is reputed to be the most conservative Sunni Muslim city in Syria since French Mandate times. During that period there was an old saying reflecting this characteristic: "In Damascus, it takes only three men to make a political demonstration, while in Hama it takes only three men to get the town to pray." The Christian population mostly adheres to the
1589:
85:
893:. The attested win for the Assyrians seems to have actually been more of a draw, although Shalmaneser III continued on to the shore and even took a ship to open sea. In the following years, Shalmaneser III failed to conquer Hamath or Aram-Damascus. After the death of Shalmaneser III, the former allies Hamath and Aram-Damascus fell out, and Aram-Damascus seems to have taken over some of Hamath's territory.
1677:
2505:
1901– 60,000 (Parliamentary Papers) 1902–1907 80,000 (Trade
Reports) 1906– 40,000 (al-Sabuni) 1909– 60,000 (Trade Reports) In 1932, while Hama was under the French Mandate, there were approximately 50,000 residents. In the 1960 census, there were 110,000 inhabitants. The population continued to rise, reaching 180,000 in 1978 and 273,000 in 1994. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in the
4317:
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5498:
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314:
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2700:
1656:, who governed Hama for a number of years until 1742. By then, there were 14 caravansaries in the city, mostly used for the storage and distribution of seeds, cotton, wool, and other commodities. After the passing of the Vilayet Law in 1864, Hama became the capital of the Sanjak of Hama (gaining the city more administrative powers), part of the larger
248:
215:
182:
67:
1700:. By then, Hama had developed into what it has remained: a medium-sized provincial town, important as the market for an agricultural area abundant in cereals, but also cotton and sugar beets. It gained notoriety as the center of large estates worked by peasants and dominated by a few magnate families. The
1711:
During the French
Mandate, the district of Hama contained within its bounds the municipality of Hama and 114 villages. By an estimate in 1930, only four of these villages were owned outright by local cultivators, while sharing ownership of two villages with a notable family. Thus, the hinterland was
1546:
Hama grew prosperous during the
Ayyubid period, as well as the Mamluk period. It gradually expanded to both banks of the Orontes River, with the suburb on the right bank being connected to the town proper by a newly built bridge. The town on the left bank was divided into upper and lower parts, each
2504:
According to Josiah C. Russel, during the 12th century, Hama had a population of 6,750. James Reilly accounts the historical population as: 1812– 30,000 (Burckhardt) 1830– 20,000 (Robinson) 1839– 30–44,000 (Bowring) 1850– 30,000 (Porter) 1862– 10–12,000 (Guys) 1880– 27,656 (Parliamentary Papers)
3198:
In the fifth century BCE, the
Persian army in southern Egypt employed Arameans from Syria, Arameans from Babylonia, and Jews. The latter identified themselves as Arameans too. Their language was Aramaic, and their literary and religious culture bore an Aramean slant. One of the two groups that
8994:
1567:
visited Hama in 1335 and remarked that the
Orontes River made the city "pleasant to live in, with its many gardens full of trees and fruits." He also speaks of a large suburb called al-Mansuriyyah (named after an Ayyubid emir) that contained "a fine market, a mosque, and bathes." In 1400,
1431:
in the 10th century and was consequently drawn into the orbit of that city where it remained until the 12th century. These were considered the "dark years" of Hama as the local rulers of northern and southern Syria struggled for dominance in the region. The
Byzantines under emperor
1647:
Then in the 18th century, it became a part of the holdings of the governor of
Damascus. The governors of Damascus at this time were the Azems, who also ruled other parts of Syria, for the Ottomans. They erected sumptuous residences in Hama, including the
2810:. Destroyed in the 1982 bombardment, it has been rebuilt in its original forms. It has elements dating from the ancient and Christian structures existing in the same location. It has two minarets, and is preceded by a portico with an elevated treasury.
1530:
who succeeded the
Ayyubids as rulers of the region. Hama briefly passed to Mamluk control in 1299 after the death of governor al-Mansur Mahmoud II. However, unlike other former Ayyubid cities, the Mamluks reinstated Ayyubid rule in Hama by making
1174:
rule. Since the country lay on the trade routes from Asia to Greece, Hama and many other Syrian cities again grew rich through trade. After the death of
Alexander the Great his Near East conquests were divided between his generals, and
717:
have been uncovered by Danish archaeologists on the mount on which the former citadel once stood. The excavation took place between 1931 and 1938 under the direction of Harald
Ingholt. The overlying level L dates to the Chalcolithic
1218:, ruled from Rome by a proconsul. Hama was an important city during the Greek and Roman periods, but very little archaeological evidence remains. As Syria became part of the Roman Empire, five hundred Hamian archers, known as "
3157:
The ivories were found there by Layard. One of the ivory panels found at "Fort Shalmaneser" is inscribed "Hamath." (R. D. Barnett, "Hamath and Nimrud: Shell Fragments from Hamath and the Provenance of the Nimrud Ivories."
700:
The stratigraphy is very generalized, which makes detailed comparison to other sites difficult. Level M (6 m or 20 ft thick) contained both white ware (lime-plaster) and true pottery. It may be contemporary with
3989:
The new Schaff-Herzog encyclopedia of religious knowledge: embracing Biblical, historical, doctrinal, and practical theology and Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical biography from the earliest times to the present
1738:
by conservative forces, encouraged by speeches from mosque preachers, denouncing the policies of the Ba'ath. The Syrian government sent tanks and troops into the quarters of Hama's old city to put down the insurrection.
1769:
In 2018, archaeologists revealed a Byzantine mosaic painting of a church that dates back to the fifth century AD. The painting, which was decorated with geometric shapes and inscriptions in Latin, was unearthed in the
889:
cities against the encroaching Assyrian armies. According to Assyrian sources, they were confronted by 4,000 chariots, 2,000 horsemen, 62,000-foot-soldiers and 1,000 Arab camel-riders in the
3959:
The Roman Wall: a historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway, etc. With plates and maps
1166:
In the second half of the 4th century BC the modern region of Syria came under the influence of Greco-Roman culture, following long lasting semitic and Persian cultures.
1400:
rule. Although the city's history is obscure at this time period, it is known that Hama was a walled market town with a ring of outlying cities. On 29 November 903, the
3722:
1791:
8811:
1199:. Seleucid rule began to decline, however, in the next two centuries, and Arab dynasties began to gain control of cities in this part of Syria, including Hama.
1072:, Hamath is specified as part of the northern border of the land that will fall to the children of Israel as an inheritance when they enter the land of Canaan (
1754:. The most serious insurrection of the Syrian Islamist uprising happened in Hama during February 1982, when Government forces, led by the president's brother,
1535:, the historian and geographer, governor of the city and he reigned from 1310 to 1332. He described his city as "very ancient... mentioned in the book of the
1557:(water-wheels). In addition, there stood a massive citadel in Hama. Moreover, a special aqueduct brought drinking water to Hama from the neighboring town of
3718:
9196:
5486:
207:
2853:
1734:, occurred in the city, which was reputed as a stronghold of conservative Sunni Islam. As early as the spring of 1964, Hama became the epicentre of an
95:
4208:
109:
1719:, a member of an impoverished notable family in Hama, began to agitate for land reform and better social conditions. He made Hama the base of his
1612:. Under the Ottomans, Hama gradually became more important in the administrative structure of the region. It was first made capital of one of the
766:
In the south, the Hittites were in conflict with the Egyptians. Hamath became an important urban center. The conflict culminated in the famous
102:
5148:
3605:
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1374:
in 638 or 639 and the town regained its ancient name, and has since retained it. Following its capture, it came under the administration of
2852:
3568:
2746:(14th century). Originally they were used to route water into aqueducts, which led into the town and the neighbouring agricultural areas.
1712:
owned by landowning elites. Starting in the late 1940s, significant class conflict erupted as agricultural workers sought reform in Hama.
4186:
3420:
997:
razed the city c. 720 BC, recolonized it with 6300 Assyrians and removed its king to be flayed alive in Assyria. He also carried off to
1514:
family. This ushered in an era of stability and prosperity in Hama as the Ayyubids ruled it almost continuously until 1342. Geographer
1183:. Under the Seleucids there was a revival in the fortunes of Hama. The Aramaeans were allowed to return to the city, which was renamed
2575:
mentions nine Greek bishops of Epiphania. The first of them, whom he calls Mauritius, is the Manikeios whose signature appears in the
1266:, as a tombstone of an archer was located there. However, the cohort's presence in Britain was proven by military diplomas, found in
8804:
4090:
4050:
4029:
4008:
3976:
3944:
3647:
9226:
3903:
2603:
522:
5464:
1640:"s) were built in the city, like Khan Rustum Pasha which dates from 1556. The governor of Hama was tasked in 1692 with settling
739:
sources before the first millennium BC, the site appears to have been prosperous around 1500 BC, when it was presumably an
240:
5867:
4040:
3987:
2898:
1523:
174:
7514:
5479:
3074:
2903:
1021:
8993:
4963:
4201:
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662:
used for watering the gardens, which are locally claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for purpose of
276:
1518:, who was born in Hama, described it in 1225 as a large town surrounded by a strongly built wall. Hama was sacked by the
9216:
8797:
7124:
6964:
3280:
2842:
492:
1267:
967:
946:
In 738 BC, Hamath is listed among the cities again conquered by Assyrian troops. Over 30,000 natives were deported to
3481:Çakar, Enver (2019). "Les Turkmènes d'Alep à l'époque ottomane (1516–1700)". In Winter, Stefan; Ade, Mafalda (eds.).
1742:
In the early 1980s, Hama had emerged as a major source of opposition to the Ba'ath government during the Sunni armed
1309:
was strengthened throughout the Near East, and churches were built in Hama and other cities. The Byzantine historian
1045:
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1467:
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1324:
Two main personalities from Hama were documented during Greek-Roman times. The first is Eustathius of Epiphaneia (
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6302:
6162:
5472:
3934:
2908:
1743:
1371:
1004:
Displaced persons from Hamath subsequently comprised an important part of the multi-ethnic Aramaean community at
9191:
6430:
6382:
6347:
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3536:
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1747:
1519:
1367:
1171:
830:
786:
603:
500:
4076:
3210:
1065:
6416:
2998:
9211:
9206:
9201:
6529:
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5827:
5822:
5353:
4224:
2976:
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1697:
1243:
640:
8420:
8275:
6410:
5013:
4504:
3954:
2533:
2477:
1345:
1333:
1332:), who was a Greek historian but all his works were lost. His most famous work was the "Brief Chronicle" (
1325:
1263:
1215:
1196:
1188:
1085:
585:
448:
423:
4018:
Ring, Trudy; Berney, K.A.; Salkin, Robert M.; La Boda, Sharon; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (1996),
3123:.1 (July 1908:7–18), in discussing the topography evoked by the Biblical phrase "the entrance of Hamath".
1081:
1061:
8735:
7841:
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3116:
Hamath's history from the inscriptions was encapsulated by George L. Robinson, "The Entrance of Hamath"
2529:
1693:
790:
471:
427:
325:
17:
3081:
James Norman (Schmidt), Ancestral Voices: Decoding Ancient Languages, Four Winds Press, New York, 1975.
1794:. Hama's inland location ensures that it receives no softening coastal influences and breezes from the
1653:
935:
took a number of towns in the territory of Hamath, distributed the territories among his generals, and
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1433:
1041:
481:
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2492:
1459:
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7319:
7059:
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1705:
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1475:
1341:
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1167:
1128:
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1053:
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806:
597:
77:
4180:
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1644:
nomads in the Hama-Homs region under the aegis of the Ottoman Empire's tribal settlement program.
1112:, is said to have "restored the territory of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the Sea of the
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1701:
1306:
337:
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1543:
who eventually lost Mamluk favor and was deposed. Thus, Hama came under direct Mamluk control.
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Palace). Remains in the exhibition include a precious Roman mosaic from the nearby village of
2425:
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1795:
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1540:
1539:. It is one of the pleasantest places in Syria." After his death, he was succeeded by his son
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1310:
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2952:[President Assad issues two decrees appointing four new governors]. SANA. 12 May 2024
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1727:. This party's ascent to power in 1963 signalled the end of power for the landowning elite.
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1507:
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4063:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
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5882:
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constituted the Aramean colony of Syene had its roots in Hamath. This is the Bethel group.
3078:
3014:
2972:"President al-Assad issues decrees on appointing new governors for eight Syrian provinces"
2719:
1755:
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noted in 1047 that Hama was "well populated" and stood on the banks of the Orontes River.
1379:
1259:
1148:
858:
576:
571:
555:
439:
6102:
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Aleppo and its Hinterland in the Ottoman Period / Alep et sa province à l'époque ottomane
3091:
1724:
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shattered the city. For the next sixty years, Hama was battled for by competing rulers.
873:) in 853 BC; this marks the beginning of Assyrian inscriptions relating to the kingdom.
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7019:
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6569:
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6372:
6362:
6287:
6262:
6207:
6137:
6002:
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1735:
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of which was surrounded by a wall. The city was filled with palaces, markets, mosques,
1449:
1413:
1393:
1302:
1132:
659:
124:
1588:
84:
9186:
9180:
8857:
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8495:
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8185:
7938:
7851:
7709:
7594:
7554:
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7489:
7394:
7224:
7194:
7014:
6864:
6834:
6724:
6659:
6504:
6147:
6142:
5992:
5917:
5842:
5687:
5612:
5602:
5572:
5515:
5443:
5433:
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5268:
5193:
5123:
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2209:
1637:
1629:
1614:
1453:
1417:
1251:
1247:
1231:
1080:, it would seem, took possession of Hamath and its territory and built store cities (
909:
882:
771:
719:
620:
342:
3697:
1628:. Hama once again became an important center for trade routes running east from the
9110:
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8180:
8175:
8110:
8105:
8008:
7998:
7674:
7663:
7524:
7519:
7449:
7339:
7304:
7249:
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7039:
6889:
6869:
6719:
6684:
6599:
6579:
6539:
6519:
6494:
6332:
6297:
6157:
6112:
6072:
5972:
5932:
5852:
5707:
5562:
5552:
5438:
5338:
5278:
5273:
5233:
5163:
5158:
5113:
5048:
4913:
4893:
4873:
4818:
4708:
4693:
4688:
4663:
4623:
4459:
4434:
4404:
4384:
4339:
3532:
2513:
1676:
1389:
1203:
975:
810:
714:
3071:
1210:
and made them their own. They met little resistance when they invaded Syria under
1163:
died at a location called Agbatana, which is most likely the modern city of Hama.
8789:
4019:
3595:
2851:
2626:
Johann Nepomuk Augustin von Hornstein zu Hohenstoffen (16 May 1768 - 16 Dec 1805)
9084:
8872:
8675:
8610:
8585:
8370:
8345:
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8070:
7898:
7883:
7734:
7719:
7684:
7564:
7559:
7543:
7484:
7443:
7329:
7324:
7269:
7239:
7214:
7114:
7004:
6979:
6969:
6849:
6774:
6739:
6703:
6604:
6574:
6554:
6484:
6479:
6464:
6222:
6192:
6067:
6062:
5857:
5802:
5722:
5717:
5692:
5682:
5652:
5587:
5582:
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5403:
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5133:
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4903:
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4678:
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4534:
4499:
4354:
4296:
4256:
4100:
J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.),
3622:"Mosaic painting dating back to fifth century AD discovered in Hama countryside"
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1689:
1681:
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419:
365:
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2509:
was 99.4. A 2005 estimate had Hama's population at around 325,000 inhabitants.
1746:, which had begun in 1976. The city was a focal point for bloody events in the
9143:
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8979:
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8375:
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7459:
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7389:
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7129:
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6803:
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6669:
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6644:
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6559:
6549:
6392:
6387:
6247:
6227:
6212:
5967:
5952:
5922:
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5782:
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4648:
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4394:
4379:
4301:
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4001:
A small town in Syria: Ottoman Hama in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
3193:
2875:
2868:
2654:
1409:
1405:
1271:
1049:
971:
921:
663:
3914:
974:(Jau-Bi'di) led a failed revolt of the newly organized Assyrian provinces of
291:
278:
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9102:
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8665:
8590:
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8525:
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8430:
8165:
8130:
8090:
8060:
8053:
7953:
7943:
7932:
7866:
7856:
7729:
7634:
7629:
7609:
7509:
7474:
7344:
7259:
7254:
7244:
7219:
7104:
7099:
7054:
7034:
6984:
6819:
6749:
6589:
6377:
6237:
6181:
5962:
5772:
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5742:
5672:
5448:
5428:
5198:
5143:
5093:
5018:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4868:
4823:
4778:
4773:
4763:
4698:
4628:
4554:
4524:
4514:
4509:
4419:
4399:
4389:
4334:
2727:
2564:
2544:
1569:
1558:
1536:
1479:
1471:
1375:
1286:
1282:
1274:(AD 124), in addition to altars dedicated to Syrian Goddesses discovered at
1258:
in AD 142–157, then back to Magnis in AD 163–166, during the early reign of
1156:
1101:
994:
917:
878:
748:
736:
685:
462:
9056:
9048:
3281:"Hamian Archers: Roman auxiliaries from Syria in Britain. 2nd Century A.D."
1316:
925:
905:
3557:
2571:. It is as "Epiphania" that it is best known in ecclesiastical documents.
563:
9012:
8926:
8765:
8695:
8670:
8595:
8580:
8455:
8450:
8399:
8340:
8330:
8285:
8215:
8210:
8170:
8155:
8140:
8135:
8125:
8115:
8100:
8075:
8065:
7983:
7958:
7908:
7846:
7809:
7764:
7749:
7624:
7604:
7579:
7549:
7454:
7399:
7379:
7309:
7289:
7209:
7089:
6974:
6829:
6759:
6664:
6564:
6489:
6367:
6337:
6322:
6307:
6272:
6252:
6187:
6107:
6097:
6057:
5997:
5937:
5812:
5807:
5747:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5348:
5328:
5243:
5218:
5173:
5118:
5098:
5083:
5068:
5038:
5028:
5003:
4928:
4898:
4888:
4863:
4808:
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4723:
4673:
4608:
4579:
4474:
4286:
4246:
4105:
3246:
1445:
1424:
1255:
1234:
starting from AD 120. The same unit or another one was later renamed to "
1117:
983:
874:
802:
760:
689:
644:
628:
153:
1798:. As a result, the city has a much hotter and drier climate than nearby
1668:
1096:, as the northern border of Israel at the time of the dedication of the
9038:
9020:
8941:
8918:
8882:
8770:
8730:
8710:
8659:
8625:
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8540:
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8240:
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7878:
7861:
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7689:
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7314:
7199:
7079:
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6899:
6809:
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6639:
6628:
6509:
6469:
6357:
6282:
6132:
6092:
6077:
5987:
5787:
5762:
5662:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5592:
5333:
5298:
5293:
5253:
5238:
5208:
5103:
5073:
4988:
4858:
4828:
4798:
4768:
4743:
4703:
4683:
4638:
4589:
4574:
4529:
4489:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4449:
4374:
4369:
4281:
2803:
mosque, also rebuilt by Nur ad-Din after the aforementioned earthquake.
2794:
2699:
2572:
1608:
near Aleppo. Hama, and the rest of Syria, came under Ottoman rule from
1577:
1549:
1527:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1441:
1397:
1077:
987:
979:
886:
744:
740:
512:
434:
409:
349:
1600:
The prosperous period of Mamluk rule came to an end in 1516, when the
9130:
9120:
9092:
9030:
8961:
8953:
8908:
8900:
8852:
8829:
8740:
8690:
8640:
8415:
8410:
7977:
7948:
7639:
7614:
7599:
7574:
7569:
7419:
7409:
7374:
7369:
7284:
7184:
7178:
6924:
6894:
6884:
6874:
6839:
6779:
6764:
6754:
6609:
6584:
6197:
6087:
6052:
6022:
6007:
5957:
5942:
5872:
5847:
5837:
5832:
5792:
5777:
5737:
5727:
5702:
5667:
5647:
5423:
5378:
5288:
5263:
5258:
5248:
5213:
5183:
5033:
4993:
4973:
4883:
4853:
4618:
4539:
4519:
4484:
4444:
4439:
4414:
4364:
4349:
4344:
4306:
4241:
3936:
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
3569:"Survivors of Syria's Hama massacres by Assad forces watch, and hope"
3482:
1775:
1620:
1491:
1428:
1211:
1124:
1113:
1037:
998:
951:
940:
913:
901:
897:
862:
702:
648:
488:
467:
1012:) in Egypt starting in 700 BCE, where alongside similarly displaced
4078:
Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria
4021:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa
3896: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3751:
Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
3621:
1730:
The political insurgency by Sunni Islamic groups, particularly the
8931:
8890:
8755:
8725:
8245:
8205:
8195:
7836:
7744:
7589:
7404:
7049:
6854:
6784:
6654:
6474:
6352:
6317:
6232:
6217:
6012:
5927:
5912:
5567:
5497:
5418:
5388:
4908:
4878:
4813:
4713:
4643:
4613:
4291:
4276:
4251:
4219:
3782:
A Small Town in Syria, Ottoman Hama in the 18th and 19th Centuries
2755:
the museum, housed in an 18th-century Ottoman governor residence (
2517:
2491:
1675:
1667:
1587:
1554:
1458:
1444:
gained suzerainty over northern Syria and during this period, the
1355:
1315:
1069:
1057:
1033:
1009:
667:
624:
318:
313:
24:
3933:
Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007),
2734:, they are up to 20 metres (66 ft) in diameter. The largest
1502:
in the city in 1172. In 1175, Hama was taken from the Zengids by
849:), which traded extensively, particularly with Israel and Judah.
8575:
8555:
7619:
7294:
6202:
5577:
5138:
4409:
4359:
4271:
3214:
2616:
Giovanni Battista Albrici Pellegrini (5 Oct 1751 - 21 Jul 1760,
2588:
1799:
1573:
1522:
in 1260, as were most other Syrian cities, but the Mongols were
1385:
1013:
779:
652:
632:
8793:
8029:
7785:
7155:
6428:
5513:
5468:
4190:
3674:"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"
2971:
916:, king of Aram-Damascus. Zakir was besieged in his fortress of
66:
7363:
4658:
3218:
3060:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
670:
exist today as an almost entirely aesthetic traditional show.
2949:
1604:
conquered Syria from the Mamluks after defeating them at the
844:
684:
The ancient settlement of Hamath was occupied from the early
614:
16:
This article is about the city in Syria. For other uses, see
3672:
M. Kottek; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006).
2831:
1214:
and annexed it in 64 BC, whereupon Hama became part of the
2555:
The Greek Orthodox Church has a prelacy in Hama under the
943:; he exacted tribute from Hamath's king, Eni-Ilu (Eniel).
639:. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is the
3648:"Early Byzantine mosaic floor discovered in Syria's Hama"
3241:
3239:
1123:
Assyria's defeat of Hamath made a profound impression on
1281:
In AD 330, the capital of the Roman Empire was moved to
3175:
Becoming Diaspora Jews: Behind the Story of Elephantine
3144:"Hamath Wrecked to Terrify Small Opponents of Assyria"
1723:, which later merged with another socialist party, the
538:
3878:
Epiphania in Syria (Titular See). Catholicheirachy.org
3537:"In Syria, the government is the real rebel – Opinion"
2613:
Giovanni Domenico Xiberras, (1 Oct 1727 - 5 Oct 1751)
1809:
Climate data for Hama (1961–1990, extremes 1956–2004)
939:
1,223 selected inhabitants to the valley of the Upper
805:
Hama attested as the capital of one of the prosperous
4157:
1510:, four years later, putting it under the rule of his
1463:
The gate in the old city of Hama, Mamluk architecture
1104:. The area was subsequently lost to the Syrians, but
3876:
http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2e34.html
3571:. English.alarabiya.net. 9 July 2011. Archived from
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
2950:"الرئيس الأسد يصدر مرسومين بتعيين أربعة محافظين جدد"
1715:
Syria gained full independence from France in 1946.
590:
453:
9152:
9129:
9101:
9083:
9065:
9047:
9029:
9011:
9001:
8970:
8952:
8940:
8917:
8899:
8881:
8838:
8828:
8649:
8504:
8389:
8299:
8042:
7967:
7922:
7798:
7653:
7533:
7433:
7353:
7168:
6938:
6793:
6693:
6618:
6441:
6171:
6036:
5896:
5526:
4588:
4324:
4231:
1170:'s campaign from 334 to 323 BC brought Syria under
1155:, took Syria as part of his empire, to be known as
801:
The Fall of the Hittite Empire saw the Neo-Hittite/
627:. It is located 213 km (132 mi) north of
533:
521:
511:
499:
478:
461:
433:
415:
405:
397:
392:
384:
376:
371:
360:
348:
336:
324:
307:
37:
1688:Ottoman rule ended in 1918, after their defeat in
1553:, and a hospital, and over thirty different sized
759:By around 1350 BC, Mitanni was overthrown by the
2999:Updated: Your Cheat Sheet to the Syrian Conflict
2579:. Currently, it has two Catholic archbishops, a
3723:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1036:reports state that Hamath was the capital of a
735:Although the town appears to be unmentioned in
3986:Herzog, Johann Jakob; Schaff, Phillip (1911),
3522:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p. 164.
2587:, the latter at Homs, reuniting the titles of
904:, tells of an attack by a coalition including
8805:
5480:
4202:
3814:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p.162.
3600:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 85–88.
3444:
3442:
3369:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p.163.
2480:(extremes 1956–2004, and humidity 1973–1993)
1526:that same year and then again in 1303 by the
1179:became ruler of Syria and the founder of the
1016:they produced a large corpus of materials in
8:
3009:
3007:
2797:historian who was also governor of the city.
2600:Vartan Hunanian (28 Jan 1675 - 24 Oct 1681)
1001:the ivory-adorned furnishings of its kings.
157:
145:
42:
3822:
3820:
993:Styling himself the "Destroyer of Hamath,"
9008:
8835:
8812:
8798:
8790:
8039:
8026:
7795:
7782:
7165:
7152:
6438:
6425:
5523:
5510:
5487:
5473:
5465:
4209:
4195:
4187:
4102:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa
3365:
3230:
2714:Hama's most famous attractions are the 17
2635:Pierre Feghali (23 Feb 1919 - 20 Jul 1944)
1805:
1370:in the 7th century, Hama was conquered by
885:(biblical "Bar-Hadad") led a coalition of
34:
3810:
3808:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3221:translation, which refers to the Dead Sea
3178:. Yale University Press. pp. 54–59.
3172:Karel van der Toorn (24 September 2019).
2820:Adnan al-Bakkour, former Attorney General
2638:Pietro Sfair (11 Mar 1953 - 11 Mar 1960)
1652:and Khan As'ad Pasha which were built by
1416:, which eliminated them from the western
3467:
3465:
3463:
3396:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3132:
1285:, and the city continued to prosper. In
1246:). The garrison unit was transferred to
1135:also named the town "Hamath the Great" (
763:, who controlled all of northern Syria.
631:and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of
3926:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7
3034:
3032:
2919:
1378:and remained so throughout the rule of
1344:, who was from Epiphaneia according to
1305:). Roman rule from Byzantium meant the
1206:took over original settlements such as
920:, but saved by intervention of the God
532:
520:
498:
460:
432:
391:
383:
370:
359:
306:
271:
166:
140:
57:
2866:
2623:Tommaso Vespoli (22 Nov 1762 - 1768 )
1436:raided the town in 968 and burned the
1143:Persian, Hellenistic and Roman history
954:) and replaced with captives from the
635:. It is the provincial capital of the
4140:The Official City's Group on facebook
3318:
2595:Titular bishopric of the Roman Church
2583:and a Syrian, the former residing at
2563:(referred to as "Hamath" or Amath"),
1506:. He granted the city to his nephew,
1313:was born in Hama in the 6th century.
789:was the first to discover Hittite or
570:
510:
477:
414:
404:
396:
375:
347:
335:
323:
7:
4042:Labour in the medieval Islamic world
3912:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3594:Friedman, Thomas L. (1 April 2010).
1262:. They might have also stationed at
928:came to rule both Hamath and Aram.
861:(858–824 BC) conquered the north of
834:
607:
580:
4120:Bibliography of the history of Hama
3784:, p73. Peter Lang Publishing (2002)
3753:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
2723:
1470:, took it in 1108, but in 1114 the
1092:names the "entrance of Hamath", or
559:
443:
158:
146:
43:
3902:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3062:, Vol. 4. Walter de Gruyter, 1975.
14:
9197:Populated places in Hama District
4158:Official site of Hama governorate
2559:. Hama is still a Roman Catholic
1423:It came under the control of the
230:Show map of Eastern Mediterranean
8992:
6415:
6409:
5496:
4315:
4218:
4127:fouilles et recherches 1931–1938
3920:Dandamayev, Muhammad A. (1990).
3891:
3719:"Hama Climate Normals 1961–1990"
3148:. 39:13 (29 March 1941:205–206.)
2878:
2867:Problems playing this file? See
2849:
2698:
2686:
2669:
2604:Franz Anton von Harrach zu Rorau
1704:occurred in the city during the
1220:Cohors Prima Hamiorum Sagittaria
619:) is a city on the banks of the
312:
246:
239:
213:
206:
180:
173:
108:
101:
94:
83:
76:
65:
3826:Schaff and Herzog, 1911, p.232.
2899:Cities of the ancient Near East
865:, he reached Hamath (Assyrian:
32:City in Hama Governorate, Syria
4173:Hama city community on the net
3915:CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hamatha
3744:"Klimatafel von Hama / Syrien"
2644:, (22 Jul 1960 - 29 Sep 1990)
1195:), after the Seleucid Emperor
1022:Elephantine papyri and ostraca
1:
4125:P. J. Riis/V. Poulsen, Hama:
1786:Its climate is classified as
1632:coast into Asia. A number of
1572:took Hama, along with nearby
1392:writes Hama became a part of
1340:). The second personality is
1236:Numerus Syrorum Saggitariorum
4154:Governmental online services
3652:The Archaeology News Network
2789:The mosque and Mausoleum of
2771:mosque, finished in 1163 by
1696:. Hama was made part of the
1474:lost it definitively to the
1068:). In God's instructions to
1048:), whose king congratulated
845:
615:
591:
247:
227:Hama (Eastern Mediterranean)
214:
181:
3993:, Funk and Wagnalls Company
3698:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
3072:The Decipherment of Hittite
2606:(21 Nov 1701 - 7 Jan 1702,
2282:Average precipitation days
2068:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1928:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1440:. By the 11th century, the
962:Destruction under Sargon II
564:
454:
9248:
6018:al-Tulaysiyah al-Janubiyah
4117:
4068:Palestine Exploration Fund
4039:Shatzmiller, Maya (1994),
3967:Grainger, John D. (2016),
3457:le Strange, 1890, p.xxiii.
3427:. Archnet Digital Library.
2632:(23 Mar 1896 - 1 May 1897)
2512:Most of the residents are
2475:
2470:
1808:
1468:Tancred, Prince of Galilee
1337:
1329:
1192:
968:northern kingdom of Israel
900:, dual king of Hamath and
896:An Aramaic inscription of
677:
388:305 m (1,001 ft)
22:
15:
8990:
8038:
8025:
7794:
7781:
7164:
7151:
6437:
6424:
6407:
6163:Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah
5522:
5509:
4313:
4225:Cities and towns of Syria
3969:Syria: An Outline History
3017:. Encyclopædia Britannica
2909:Short chronology timeline
2779:. Notable is the minaret.
2539:The city also contains a
2423:
2376:
2328:
2281:
2207:
2137:
2067:
1997:
1927:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1596:in Hama was built in 1742
1482:, atabeg of Damascus. In
1372:Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
924:. Later on, the state of
835:
658:The city is renowned for
272:
167:
141:
58:
51:
6431:Al-Suqaylabiyah District
6383:Umm Turaykat al-Qibliyah
6348:al-Samaqiyah al-Qibliyah
4060:le Strange, Guy (1890),
3961:, Longmans & Company
3852:Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina
3771:Shatzmiller, 1994, p.59.
3597:From Beirut to Jerusalem
3448:le Strange, 1890, p.360.
3436:le Strange, 1890, p.359.
3387:le Strange, 1890, p.357.
3098:. Jewishencyclopedia.com
3058:Hawkins, J.D. "Hamath."
2630:Francis Alphonsus Bourne
2541:Palestinian refugee camp
1368:Muslim conquest of Syria
1289:days, Hama was known as
787:Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
406: • Ethnicities
41:
23:Not to be confused with
9227:Historic sites in Syria
6530:al-Khandaq al-Sharqiyah
5828:al-Suwayda al-Sharqiyah
5823:al-Suwayda al-Gharbiyah
3955:Bruce, John Collingwood
3626:Syrian Arab News Agency
3378:le Strange, 1890, p.39.
3146:The Science News-Letter
3077:31 October 2018 at the
2977:Syrian Arab News Agency
2577:First Council of Nicaea
1698:French Mandate of Syria
1382:until the 9th century.
1216:Roman province of Syria
857:When the Assyrian king
785:In early 19th century,
751:in northeastern Syria.
131:, Al-Hassanein Mosque,
5014:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
4460:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
4181:Ancient Hama king list
4104:, Santa Barbara, USA:
4075:Winckler, Onn (1998),
3999:Reilly, James (2002),
3288:portalstothepast.co.uk
2928:"2023 official census"
2836:
2726:), dating back to the
2693:Close-up view of Noria
2676:The Orontes River and
2534:Syriac Orthodox Church
2501:
2478:Deutscher Wetterdienst
1685:
1673:
1597:
1478:, during the reign of
1464:
1363:
1346:Stephanus of Byzantium
1321:
1197:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
966:After the fall of the
747:, an empire along the
424:Syriac Orthodox Church
416: • Religions
4083:Sussex Academic Press
3909:Catholic Encyclopedia
2835:
2786:mosque (15th century)
2750:Other sights include:
2551:Ecclesiastical status
2530:Greek Orthodox Church
2495:
1750:and the most notable
1679:
1671:
1618:("districts") of the
1591:
1462:
1359:
1319:
1222:", were stationed at
853:Assyrian inscriptions
480: • Summer (
428:Greek Orthodox Church
377: • Governor
18:Hama (disambiguation)
6990:al-Huwayz al-Shamali
6545:Mashta' al-Shalahmah
6525:al-Khandaq al-Gharbi
6128:Qubaybat Abu al-Huda
5344:al-Surah al-Saghirah
4163:12 June 2019 at the
3864:Missiones Catholicae
3802:Wincler, 1998, p.44.
3793:Wincler, 1998, p.72.
3539:. Al Jazeera English
2557:Patriarch of Antioch
1858:Record high °C (°F)
1792:Köppen-Geiger system
1721:Arab Socialist Party
1708:against the French.
1606:Battle of Marj Dabiq
1498:with a tall, square
1404:during the reign of
1320:An alley in old Hama
1066:1 Chronicles 18:9–11
1046:2 Kings 23:33; 25:21
660:its seventeen norias
602:'fortress';
121:Clockwise from top:
9217:Syro-Hittite states
7715:Duwayr al-Mashayekh
7060:Mastarihat Afamiyah
6293:Muwaylah al-Sirwana
5189:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
4066:, Committee of the
3928:. pp. 726–729.
3690:2006MetZe..15..259K
3508:Reilly, 2002, p.72.
3423:3 July 2013 at the
3321:, pp. 243–244.
3233:, pp. 726–729.
3096:Jewish Encyclopedia
2642:Volodymyr Malanczuk
2138:Record low °C (°F)
1998:Daily mean °C (°F)
1706:Great Syrian Revolt
1654:As'ad Pasha al-Azem
1342:Euphrates the Stoic
1330:Εὐστάθιος Ἐπιφανεύς
1240:Derventio Brigantum
1168:Alexander the Great
1028:Hamath in the Bible
933:Tiglath-Pileser III
807:Syro-Hittite states
791:Luwian hieroglyphic
641:fourth-largest city
288: /
135:, Khan Rustem Pasha
8701:Harat al-Sharqiyah
8441:Khunayfis al-Dawsa
8032:Salamiyah District
7385:Huwayr al-Turukman
6278:Jadduah Shamaliyah
4183:historyfiles.co.uk
4129:(Copenhagen 1957).
3836:Oriens Christianus
3471:Ring, 1996, p.318.
3270:Ring, 1996, p.317.
3118:The Biblical World
3038:Ring, 1996, p.315.
2837:
2777:earthquake of 1157
2730:times. Fed by the
2516:(including mostly
2502:
1764:2011 siege of Hama
1752:1982 Hama massacre
1732:Muslim Brotherhood
1702:1925 Hama uprising
1686:
1674:
1598:
1494:sultan, erected a
1484:1157 an earthquake
1465:
1364:
1322:
1307:Christian religion
1159:. In July 522 BC,
505:Country code: 963
398: • Total
144:Mother of Norias (
9174:
9173:
9170:
9169:
8988:
8987:
8823:states and cities
8787:
8786:
8783:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8621:Rasm al-Bardakana
8021:
8020:
8017:
8016:
7788:Mahardah District
7777:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7147:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7025:Hawijat al-Sallah
6595:Tahunat al-Halawa
6405:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6328:Rasm al-Daheriyah
6258:Janat al-Sawarnah
6083:Khirbet al-Hajama
5462:
5461:
4804:al-Hajar al-Aswad
3971:, Pen and Sword,
3838:, II, pp.915–918.
3628:. 31 October 2018
3607:978-0-374-70699-9
3494:978-90-04-37902-2
3418:Nur al-Din Mosque
3217:translation; cf.
3185:978-0-300-24949-1
2854:
2782:The small Mamluk
2484:
2483:
2331:relative humidity
1796:Mediterranean Sea
1744:Islamist uprising
1541:al-Afdal Muhammad
1434:Nicephorus Phocas
1402:Abbasid Caliphate
1361:Nur al-Din Mosque
1338:Χρονικὴν ἐπιτομὴν
1311:John of Epiphania
1238:" and located at
1153:Achaemenid Empire
1052:on his defeat of
843:
782:in 1285 BC.
713:Remains from the
613:
601:
589:
549:
548:
452:
380:Maan Subhi Abboud
292:35.133°N 36.750°E
197:Show map of Syria
194:Location in Syria
133:Nur al-Din Mosque
9239:
9222:Canaanite cities
9009:
8996:
8836:
8814:
8807:
8800:
8791:
8601:Makaymin Shamali
8536:Bustan al-Subeih
8531:Abu al-Fashafish
8481:Tell Abd al-Aziz
8356:Mafkar al-Gharbi
8226:Tell Hasan Basha
8040:
8027:
7869:
7796:
7783:
7265:Mashta Deir Mama
7166:
7153:
6890:Qastal al-Burayj
6860:Khirbet al-Naqus
6815:al-Amqiyah Tahta
6439:
6426:
6419:
6413:
6343:Shihat al-Hamraa
6243:Huways Ibn Hadib
5818:Suwak al-Shamali
5768:Qubaybat al-Assi
5623:Hawayiz Umm Jurn
5524:
5511:
5503:Hama Governorate
5501:
5500:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5466:
5309:al-Shaykh Maskin
5009:Khirbet Ghazaleh
4839:Harran al-Awamid
4430:Maarat al-Numaan
4425:Jisr ash-Shughur
4319:
4223:
4222:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4177:
4169:
4148:
4144:
4108:
4095:
4070:
4055:
4034:
4013:
3994:
3981:
3962:
3949:
3929:
3913:
3895:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3848:Gelzer, Heinrich
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3815:
3812:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3458:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3415:
3409:
3408:Robinson 1908:9.
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3340:
3339:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3169:
3163:
3155:
3149:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3082:
3069:
3063:
3056:
3039:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3011:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2924:
2894:Outline of Syria
2888:
2883:
2882:
2859:Sound of a noria
2856:
2855:
2844:Sound of a noria
2834:
2763:(4th century AD)
2725:
2702:
2690:
2673:
2608:bishop of Vienna
2507:Hama Governorate
2285:
1806:
1760:Syrian civil war
1717:Akram al-Hawrani
1624:("province") of
1508:al-Muzaffar Umar
1339:
1331:
1194:
1181:Seleucid dynasty
1177:Seleucus Nicator
1086:2 Chronicles 8:4
1018:Imperial Aramaic
970:, Hamath's king
956:Zagros Mountains
937:forcibly removed
891:Battle of Qarqar
848:
842:romanized:
841:
839:
837:
793:script at Hama.
768:Battle of Kadesh
705:(6000–5000 BC).
680:Timeline of Hama
637:Hama Governorate
623:in west-central
618:
612:romanized:
611:
609:
596:
594:
584:
582:
574:
572:[ħaˈmaː]
567:
561:
545:
542:
540:
485:
457:
447:
445:
355:Hama Subdistrict
331:Hama Governorate
317:
316:
303:
302:
300:
299:
298:
293:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
264:
263:Show map of Asia
250:
249:
243:
231:
217:
216:
210:
198:
184:
183:
177:
161:
160:
159:مدينة أبي الفداء
149:
148:
142:Nicknames:
112:
105:
98:
87:
80:
69:
46:
45:
35:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9237:
9236:
9192:Cities in Syria
9177:
9176:
9175:
9166:
9148:
9125:
9097:
9079:
9061:
9043:
9025:
8997:
8984:
8966:
8948:
8936:
8913:
8895:
8877:
8824:
8818:
8788:
8775:
8736:Qabasin al-Arab
8706:Hasu al-Qiblawi
8651:
8645:
8636:Tabara al-Hamra
8506:
8500:
8391:
8385:
8336:Barri al-Gharbi
8301:
8295:
8161:Qubbat al-Kurdi
8044:
8034:
8013:
7969:
7963:
7924:
7918:
7865:
7800:
7790:
7769:
7655:
7649:
7595:Khan Jalaymadun
7535:
7529:
7435:
7429:
7355:
7349:
7170:
7160:
7158:Masyaf District
7139:
6949:Qalaat al-Madiq
6940:
6939:Qalaat al-Madiq
6934:
6845:Duwayr al-Akrad
6795:
6789:
6695:
6689:
6680:Qatrat al-Rihan
6620:
6614:
6515:Jurniyat al-Tar
6453:Al-Suqaylabiyah
6443:
6442:Al-Suqaylabiyah
6433:
6420:
6414:
6397:
6313:Qasr Ibn Wardan
6173:
6167:
6123:Qasr al-Makhram
6118:Qasr Abu Samrah
6038:
6032:
5983:Khirbet al-Qasr
5978:Khirbet al-Jami
5898:
5892:
5883:Zor al-Sarmiyah
5733:Maqtaa al-Hajar
5713:Maarin al-Jabal
5528:
5518:
5505:
5495:
5493:
5463:
5458:
5314:Shayukh Tahtani
5304:Shaykh al-Hadid
5154:Qalaat al-Madiq
5024:Ma'arrat Misrin
4999:Kuwayris Sharqi
4584:
4550:al-Suqaylabiyah
4545:ash-Shaykh Badr
4320:
4311:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4175:
4167:
4165:Wayback Machine
4146:
4142:
4136:
4122:
4116:
4114:Further reading
4111:
4099:
4093:
4074:
4059:
4053:
4038:
4032:
4017:
4011:
3998:
3985:
3979:
3966:
3953:
3947:
3932:
3919:
3901:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3780:James Reilly,
3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3575:on 14 July 2011
3567:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3425:Wayback Machine
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3343:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3231:Dandamayev 1990
3229:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3186:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3079:Wayback Machine
3070:
3066:
3057:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3015:"Hamah (Syria)"
3013:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2793:, a celebrated
2742:(1453) and the
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2663:
2651:
2553:
2490:
2485:
2471:Source 1: NOAA
2283:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1784:
1756:Rifaat al-Assad
1666:
1658:vilayet of Sham
1586:
1516:Yaqut al-Hamawi
1354:
1260:Marcus Aurelius
1149:Cyrus the Great
1145:
1131:). The prophet
1082:1 Kings 4:21–24
1062:2 Samuel 8:9–11
1030:
1008:and Syene (now
964:
859:Shalmaneser III
855:
831:Biblical Hebrew
809:known from the
799:
757:
733:
728:
711:
698:
682:
676:
643:in Syria after
604:Biblical Hebrew
537:
506:
479:
426:
422:
311:
296:
294:
290:
287:
282:
279:
277:
275:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
256:
255:
251:
234:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
218:
201:
200:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
190:
189:
185:
163:
151:
137:
136:
122:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
106:
99:
90:
89:
88:
81:
72:
71:
70:
54:
47:
40:
33:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
9245:
9243:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9212:Aramean states
9209:
9207:Aramean cities
9204:
9202:Hittite cities
9199:
9194:
9189:
9179:
9178:
9172:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9165:
9164:
9158:
9156:
9150:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9135:
9133:
9127:
9126:
9124:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9107:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9095:
9089:
9087:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9077:
9071:
9069:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9059:
9053:
9051:
9045:
9044:
9042:
9041:
9035:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9023:
9017:
9015:
9006:
8999:
8998:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8982:
8976:
8974:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8958:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8923:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8905:
8903:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8844:
8842:
8833:
8826:
8825:
8819:
8817:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8794:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8655:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8561:Jani al-Albawi
8558:
8553:
8548:
8546:Hamada al-Omar
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8510:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8395:
8393:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8305:
8303:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8271:Tulul al-Humur
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8048:
8046:
8036:
8035:
8030:
8023:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7973:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7928:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7916:
7914:Zawr al-Qaadah
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7804:
7802:
7792:
7791:
7786:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7659:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7539:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7500:Kahf al-Habash
7497:
7495:Hikr Bayt Atiq
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7359:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7280:Qabu Shamsiyah
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7174:
7172:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7120:Tamana al-Ghab
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7030:Jamasat Udayat
7027:
7022:
7020:Hawijah Sayyad
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6944:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6799:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6740:Hawr al-Mawsil
6737:
6732:
6727:
6725:Birat al-Jabal
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6699:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6675:Nubl al-Khatib
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6624:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6605:Tell al-Titeen
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6505:Hawrat Ammurin
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6447:
6445:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6422:
6421:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6373:Tuwal Dabaghin
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Jubb al-Uthman
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6177:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:Taybat al-Imam
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6042:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5948:Deir al-Fardis
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5902:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5878:Zor Abu Dardah
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5628:Hawir al-Salib
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5532:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5507:
5506:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5469:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5224:al-Sabe' Biyar
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Mashta al-Helu
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4919:Jubb al-Jarrah
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4789:al-Ghizlaniyah
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4229:
4228:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4170:
4155:
4149:
4135:
4134:External links
4132:
4131:
4130:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4091:
4072:
4057:
4051:
4036:
4030:
4015:
4009:
3996:
3983:
3977:
3964:
3951:
3945:
3930:
3917:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3795:
3786:
3773:
3764:
3735:
3710:
3684:(3): 259–263.
3664:
3639:
3613:
3606:
3586:
3560:
3550:
3524:
3510:
3501:
3493:
3473:
3459:
3450:
3438:
3429:
3410:
3401:
3399:, p. 163.
3389:
3380:
3371:
3341:
3336:www.cs.uky.edu
3323:
3311:
3293:
3272:
3256:
3235:
3223:
3203:
3184:
3164:
3150:
3137:
3125:
3109:
3083:
3064:
3040:
3028:
3003:
2991:
2980:. 20 July 2022
2963:
2941:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2864:
2858:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:Notable people
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2787:
2780:
2764:
2744:al-Muhammediye
2716:Norias of Hama
2706:Norias of Hama
2704:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:Norias of Hama
2675:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:Bishop of Como
2614:
2611:
2601:
2552:
2549:
2498:Greek Orthodox
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2426:sunshine hours
2421:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2379:sunshine hours
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1783:
1780:
1665:
1664:Modern history
1662:
1610:Constantinople
1585:
1582:
1414:Battle of Hama
1394:Jund Qinnasrin
1353:
1350:
1228:Hadrian's Wall
1144:
1141:
1074:Numbers 34.1–9
1029:
1026:
963:
960:
877:of Hamath and
854:
851:
798:
795:
756:
755:Hittite period
753:
743:dependency of
732:
731:Mitanni period
729:
727:
724:
710:
707:
697:
694:
675:
672:
547:
546:
535:
531:
530:
525:
519:
518:
515:
509:
508:
503:
497:
496:
486:
476:
475:
465:
459:
458:
437:
431:
430:
417:
413:
412:
407:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
362:
358:
357:
352:
346:
345:
340:
334:
333:
328:
322:
321:
309:
305:
304:
297:35.133; 36.750
270:
269:
259:
253:
252:
245:
244:
238:
237:
236:
235:
226:
220:
219:
212:
211:
205:
204:
203:
202:
193:
187:
186:
179:
178:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
143:
139:
138:
125:Norias of Hama
123:Hama skyline,
120:
119:
107:
100:
93:
92:
91:
82:
75:
74:
73:
64:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
38:
31:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9244:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9184:
9182:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9070:
9068:
9064:
9058:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9050:
9046:
9040:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8981:
8978:
8977:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8898:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8827:
8822:
8815:
8810:
8808:
8803:
8801:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8746:Rasm al-Ahmar
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8661:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8648:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8571:Jubb Dakhilah
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8503:
8497:
8496:Umm Khurayzah
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8361:Mafkar Sharqi
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8298:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8261:Tiba al-Turki
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7868:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7852:Khirbet Subin
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7710:Birat al-Jurd
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7505:Khirbet Hazur
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7432:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7395:Khirbet Nisaf
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7352:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7225:Deir al-Salib
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7195:al-Bayyadiyah
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7154:
7150:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Hawijah Fauqa
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6850:Ayn al-Hamaam
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6792:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6770:Nahr al-Bared
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6660:Mashta Mahfuz
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6600:Tell Kumbatri
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6560:Rawdat al-Tar
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Abr Bayt Sayf
6458:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6412:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6148:al-Tulaysiyah
6146:
6144:
6143:Taybat al-Ism
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Musa al-Houla
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5918:Akrad Ibrahim
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Umm al-Tuyour
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:al-Khalidiyah
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:Kasun Eljabal
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:al-Hashimiyah
5616:
5614:
5613:Ghawr al-Assi
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5573:Awja al-Janah
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5516:Hama District
5512:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:al-Yaarubiyah
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:Urum al-Kubra
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:Tell al-Daman
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:al-Qahtaniyah
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:al-Nashabiyah
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:al-Musayfirah
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Khan Shaykhun
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:Kafr Takharim
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:al-Darbasiyah
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Assal al-Ward
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Abu al-Thuhur
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4092:1-902210-16-6
4088:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4054:
4052:9789004098961
4048:
4044:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4031:1-884964-03-6
4027:
4024:, Routledge,
4023:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4010:9783906766904
4006:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3980:
3978:9781473860834
3974:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3946:9781576079195
3942:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3922:"Cambyses II"
3918:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3898:public domain
3890:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3866:. pp.781–804.
3865:
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3414:
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3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:Whitaker 2008
3393:
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3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
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3315:
3312:
3307:
3306:romanarmy.net
3303:
3302:"The Hamians"
3297:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3251:topostext.org
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:2 Kings 14:25
3207:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:Grainger 2016
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3055:
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3049:
3047:
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3035:
3033:
3029:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Hama massacre
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2846:
2845:
2824:
2819:
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2814:
2809:
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2799:
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2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:Orontes river
2729:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2701:
2689:
2679:
2672:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2649:Neighborhoods
2648:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:Homs (Emesus)
2586:
2582:
2581:Greek Melkite
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:Sunni Muslims
2510:
2508:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
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2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:Mean monthly
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2320:
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2308:
2305:
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2299:
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2287:
2280:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2210:precipitation
2206:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:1981 massacre
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:Allied Forces
1691:
1683:
1678:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:caravansaries
1635:
1631:
1630:Mediterranean
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:Ottoman Turks
1595:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:Nasir Khusraw
1451:
1448:sacked Hama.
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1418:Syrian Desert
1415:
1411:
1408:defeated the
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1334:Ancient Greek
1327:
1326:Ancient Greek
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:(AD 122) and
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:Antonine Wall
1249:
1248:Bar Hill Fort
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1190:
1189:Ancient Greek
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:Genesis 10:18
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1020:known as the
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:Ben-Hadad III
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
883:Aram-Damascus
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
850:
847:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
794:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
772:Ancient Egypt
769:
764:
762:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
730:
725:
723:
721:
720:Halaf culture
716:
708:
706:
704:
695:
693:
691:
687:
681:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:Orontes River
617:
605:
599:
593:
587:
578:
573:
568:
566:
557:
553:
544:
536:
529:
526:
524:
516:
514:
507:City code: 33
504:
502:
494:
490:
487:
483:
473:
469:
466:
464:
456:
450:
441:
438:
436:
429:
425:
421:
418:
411:
408:
400:
387:
379:
367:
363:
361:First settled
356:
353:
351:
344:
343:Hama District
341:
339:
332:
329:
327:
320:
315:
310:
301:
273:Coordinates:
242:
209:
176:
155:
134:
130:
126:
111:
104:
97:
86:
79:
68:
50:
36:
30:
26:
19:
9161:
9153:
9031:Unqi-Pattina
8821:Syro-Hittite
8761:Shaykh Hilal
8721:Jubb Khasara
8676:Abu al-Qusur
8658:
8616:Rasm Elahmar
8611:Rasm al-Abid
8513:
8491:Tell al-Shih
8486:Tell al-Ghir
8406:Abu Khanadiq
8398:
8366:Salam Gharbi
8351:al-Khurayjah
8310:Barri Sharqi
8308:
8281:Umm Tuwaynah
8256:Thayl al-Jal
8231:Tell Khaznah
8052:
8051:
8009:Shaykh Hadid
7999:al-Lataminah
7976:
7931:
7808:
7807:
7755:al-Sindiyana
7685:Ayn al-Karam
7675:Ayn al-Bayda
7664:Wadi al-Uyun
7662:
7654:Wadi al-Uyun
7542:
7525:Tin al-Sabil
7520:Qasr al-Ayan
7515:al-Mashrafah
7450:Ayn al-Shams
7442:
7362:
7340:al-Zamaliyah
7305:al-Shamsiyah
7250:Jobet Kalakh
7177:
7065:Midan Ghazal
7040:Kafr Nabudah
6947:
6915:al-Sindiyana
6825:Awja al-Tuba
6802:
6720:Al-Asharinah
6702:
6650:Jubb al-Ghar
6627:
6580:Saqiyat Najm
6555:Qalaat Jaras
6480:Ayn al-Kurum
6451:
6450:
6333:Rasm al-Ward
6298:Maar Shamali
6268:Jubb al-Safa
6180:
6158:Zor Abu Zayd
6153:Umm Haratayn
6045:
5973:Khirbet Aref
5905:
5853:Tell al-Nahr
5708:Maar Daftein
5563:Amarat Aslan
5536:
5535:
5439:Wadi al-Oyun
5279:al-Shaddadah
5164:al-Qaryatayn
5114:al-Mushannaf
4914:al-Jawadiyah
4894:al-Janudiyah
4874:Ibbin Samaan
4819:al-Hamidiyah
4709:Bir al-Helou
4694:Barri Sharqi
4664:Ayn al-Fijah
4590:Sub-district
4505:Ra's al-'Ayn
4435:al-Malikiyah
4261:
4147:(in English)
4126:
4101:
4077:
4062:
4041:
4020:
4000:
3988:
3968:
3958:
3939:, ABC-CLIO,
3935:
3925:
3907:
3885:Bibliography
3871:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3798:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3750:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3681:
3677:
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
3651:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3616:
3596:
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:the original
3563:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3533:Larbi Sadiki
3527:
3504:
3483:
3476:
3453:
3432:
3413:
3404:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3335:
3332:"SOL Search"
3326:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3275:
3250:
3226:
3206:
3197:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3128:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3067:
3059:
3019:. Retrieved
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2975:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2922:
2843:
2808:Great Mosque
2800:
2783:
2766:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2713:
2594:
2593:
2554:
2538:
2511:
2503:
2488:Demographics
2212:mm (inches)
1785:
1768:
1741:
1729:
1714:
1710:
1687:
1672:General view
1646:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1599:
1584:Ottoman rule
1563:
1548:
1545:
1466:
1438:Great Mosque
1422:
1390:al-Muqaddasi
1384:
1365:
1323:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1235:
1230:in northern
1219:
1207:
1201:
1184:
1165:
1146:
1122:
1098:first temple
1090:1 Kings 8:65
1031:
1003:
992:
965:
950:(located in
945:
930:
895:
870:
866:
856:
826:
818:
811:Hebrew Bible
800:
784:
765:
758:
734:
715:Chalcolithic
712:
709:Chalcolithic
703:Ras Shamra V
699:
683:
657:
562:
551:
550:
501:Area code(s)
29:
9085:Bit Bahiani
9049:Bit Gabbari
8671:Abu al-Ghor
8652:Subdistrict
8507:Subdistrict
8431:Jubb Zurayq
8421:al-Judaydah
8392:Subdistrict
8371:Tell al-Tut
8346:al-Hardanah
8321:Abu Habilat
8302:Subdistrict
8276:Umm al-Amad
8146:Marj Mattar
8096:Fan Wastani
8045:Subdistrict
7970:Subdistrict
7925:Subdistrict
7899:Tell Sikkin
7842:al-Judaydah
7817:Abu Ubaydah
7801:Subdistrict
7705:Bir al-Wadi
7695:Bayt Raqata
7656:Subdistrict
7560:Deir Shamil
7544:Jubb Ramlah
7536:Subdistrict
7534:Jubb Ramlah
7485:al-Dulaybah
7444:Ain Halaqim
7436:Subdistrict
7434:Ayn Halaqim
7356:Subdistrict
7330:Tayr Jubbah
7325:Tayr Jamlah
7320:al-Suwaydah
7240:al-Haylunah
7215:Deir Huwayt
7171:Subdistrict
7125:al-Thuwarah
7115:Tell Huwash
7110:al-Sha'irah
7010:al-Hurriyah
7005:al-Humayrat
6980:Deir Sunbul
6970:Bab al-Taqa
6965:al-Aziziyah
6941:Subdistrict
6796:Subdistrict
6775:Ras al-Jurn
6730:Ayn al-Jurn
6704:Tell Salhab
6696:Subdistrict
6694:Tell Salhab
6670:Na'ur Jurin
6621:Subdistrict
6550:Nabi al-Tib
6485:Ayn Waridah
6444:Subdistrict
6174:Subdistrict
6068:al-Junaynah
6063:Fan Shamali
6039:Subdistrict
5899:Subdistrict
5863:Umm al-Amad
5858:Tell Qartal
5803:Shihat Hama
5723:al-Mubattan
5718:Maar Shuhur
5683:Kafr al-Tun
5529:Subdistrict
5409:Tell Salhab
5404:Tell Rifaat
5204:al-Ruhaybah
5089:al-Masmiyah
5064:al-Mansurah
4924:Jubb Ramlah
4904:al-Jarniyah
4784:al-Ghariyah
4754:Deir Atiyah
4679:Ayn al-Nasr
4669:Ayn Halaqim
4535:al-Sanamayn
4500:al-Qutayfah
4355:Ayn al-Arab
4297:Rif Dimashq
4257:Deir ez-Zor
4233:Governorate
4176:(in Arabic)
4168:(in Arabic)
4143:(in Arabic)
4003:, P. Lang,
3678:Meteorol. Z
3247:"ToposText"
2886:Asia portal
2801:al-Hasanain
2791:Abu al-Fida
2724:نواعير حماة
2661:Main sights
2591:and Hamah.
2561:titular see
2543:, known as
2424:Mean daily
1772:Tell Salhab
1762:during the
1690:World War I
1682:clock tower
1650:Azem Palace
1594:Azem Palace
1565:Ibn Battuta
1533:Abu al-Fida
1452:geographer
1388:geographer
1366:During the
1352:Muslim rule
1268:Stannington
1264:Housesteads
1161:Cambyses II
1147:In 539 BC,
1129:Isaiah 10:9
1106:Jeroboam II
1094:Lebo-Hamath
1006:Elephantine
931:In 743 BC,
813:as Hamath (
776:Ramesses II
420:Sunni Islam
350:Subdistrict
326:Governorate
295: /
260:Hama (Asia)
147:أم النواعير
129:Azem Palace
9181:Categories
9075:Til Barsip
8980:Carchemish
8972:Carchemish
8766:al-Suwayah
8686:Aniq Bajra
8666:Abu Hurayk
8566:Jubb Abyad
8376:Tell Jadid
8316:Abu Hanaya
8236:Tell Sinan
8221:Tell Dahab
8201:Shaykh Rih
8191:Shaykh Ali
8004:al-Mughayr
7989:al-Jalamah
7894:Tell Malah
7889:Safsafiyah
7822:Abu Rubays
7760:Tamarqiyah
7680:Ayn Farraj
7580:Julaymadun
7480:Bayt Natar
7460:Asheq Omar
7425:Zor Baarin
7390:Kafr Kamra
7230:al-Findara
7135:al-Zitiyah
7130:al-Tuwayni
7075:al-Qahirah
7070:Qabr Fidda
6955:Ashrafiyah
6920:Tell Wasit
6910:Sirmaniyah
6905:al-Safsafa
6804:Al-Ziyarah
6750:al-Kashati
6710:Abu Qubays
6645:Haydariyah
6635:Ayn Jurjin
6465:Abu Klifun
6393:al-Zughbah
6388:Umm Zahmak
6248:Haymaniyah
6213:Baroudiyah
5968:Kafr Qadah
5953:al-Humayri
5907:Hirbnafsah
5897:Hirbnafsah
5888:Zor Taqsis
5783:al-Ruqaita
5678:Kafr Buhum
5658:Jumaqliyah
5608:al-Daminah
5558:al-Alamein
5548:Abu Mansaf
5543:Abu Dardah
5454:az-Ziyarah
5414:Tell Tamer
5399:Tell Hamis
5384:al-Tamanah
5364:al-Sukhnah
5284:al-Shajara
5229:al-Sabkhah
5169:al-Qurayya
5129:al-Nasirah
5059:al-Malihah
4979:al-Khafsah
4964:al-Karamah
4944:Kafr Batna
4834:Harbnafsah
4739:Darat Izza
4649:al-Asharah
4634:al-Arishah
4599:Abu Qilqil
4570:al-Thawrah
4565:Tell Abyad
4380:Dayr Hafir
4302:as-Suwayda
4267:al-Hasakah
4118:See also:
3657:16 January
3632:16 January
3319:Bruce 1867
3194:1117508771
3102:4 February
2915:References
2869:media help
2775:after the
2773:Nur ad-Din
2740:al-Mamunye
2738:s are the
2476:Source 2:
2284:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1537:Israelites
1488:Nur al-Din
1427:rulers of
1410:Qarmatians
1406:Al-Muktafi
1272:Ravenglass
1185:Epiphaneia
1151:, King of
1108:, king of
1056:, king of
1050:King David
922:Baalshamin
726:Bronze Age
678:See also:
664:irrigation
435:Demonym(s)
393:Population
372:Government
9139:Hatarikka
9103:Bit Agusi
9067:Bit Adini
8771:Umm Mayal
8751:Rasm Amun
8716:Jakuziyah
8596:Na'imiyah
8591:Mashrafah
8526:Abu Hakfa
8515:Uqayribat
8505:Uqayribat
8466:Samiriyah
8166:al-Rubbah
8131:Khunayfis
8091:Fan Qibli
8061:Ali Kasun
8054:Salamiyah
8043:Salamiyah
7954:al-Sayyad
7944:Hamamiyat
7933:Kafr Zita
7923:Kafr Zita
7874:al-Majdal
7867:al-Qubeir
7857:Khunayzir
7730:Kamaliyah
7725:Kafr Laha
7670:Ammuriyah
7635:Uqayrabah
7630:Sulukiyah
7610:Mushashin
7510:al-Majawi
7475:Bayt Atiq
7345:al-Zaynah
7335:Tell Afar
7300:al-Rusafa
7260:al-Laqbah
7255:Kafr Aqid
7245:al-Hurayf
7220:Deir Mama
7205:al-Bustan
7105:Shahranaz
7100:Sahariyah
7095:Salihiyah
7085:al-Ramlah
7055:al-Kurkat
7035:al-Jayyid
7000:al-Hawash
6985:al-Huwayz
6880:al-Qahira
6820:al-Ankawi
6715:Abu Faraj
6590:al-Shajar
6565:al-Rihana
6378:Umm Habes
6238:Halabiyah
6182:Al-Hamraa
5963:al-Jafiah
5773:al-Rabiaa
5758:al-Nazaza
5753:Al-Narjis
5743:Mubarakat
5673:Kafr Amim
5449:al-Zirbah
5429:Uqayribat
5199:al-Riqama
5144:al-Qadmus
5094:al-Mazraa
5019:al-Kiswah
4969:al-Kasrah
4959:Kafr Zita
4949:Kafr Nabl
4869:al-Huwash
4824:al-Hamraa
4779:Ghandoura
4774:Ghabaghib
4764:al-Dumayr
4699:Beit Jinn
4629:al-Ariqah
4555:Talkalakh
4525:Salamiyah
4515:as-Safira
4510:al-Rastan
4495:al-Qusayr
4420:Jarabulus
4400:al-Haffah
4390:Duraykish
4335:Abu Kamal
4045:, BRILL,
3487:. Brill.
3162:. 25:1. )
2984:15 August
2934:3 January
2728:Byzantine
2565:suffragan
2545:Hama camp
1790:(BSk) in
1788:semi-arid
1778:village.
1570:Timurlane
1559:Salamiyah
1480:Toghtekin
1472:Crusaders
1446:Mirdasids
1376:Jund Hims
1287:Byzantine
1283:Byzantium
1276:Catterick
1193:Ἐπιφάνεια
1157:Eber-Nari
1102:Jerusalem
1054:Hadadezer
1040:kingdom (
1038:Canaanite
995:Sargon II
972:Ilu-Bi'di
912:, son of
879:Hadadezer
827:Amatuwana
749:Euphrates
737:cuneiform
696:Neolithic
686:Neolithic
586:romanized
463:Time zone
449:romanized
385:Elevation
9013:Palistin
9003:Aramaean
8927:Karatepe
8873:Ištuanda
8726:Makharib
8696:Baghadid
8626:Ruwaydah
8581:Makhbuta
8541:Dakhilah
8521:Abu Dali
8456:Qubaybat
8451:Qanafath
8400:Sabburah
8390:Sabburah
8341:Furaytan
8331:Arshunah
8286:al-Uwayr
8216:Tell Ada
8211:Sunaydah
8171:al-Sabil
8156:Qablahat
8141:al-Malih
8136:Kaytalun
8126:Khafiyah
8116:al-Kafat
8101:al-Ghawi
8086:Duwaybah
8076:Dunaybah
8071:Buwaydah
8066:Bardunah
7984:al-Asman
7959:al-Zakah
7909:Zilaqiat
7847:Kafr Hud
7810:Mahardah
7799:Mahardah
7750:Qussiyah
7700:Barayzah
7625:Sarmiyah
7615:Qurayyat
7605:Mahrusah
7550:Alamiyah
7465:Ba'amrah
7455:Aq Duqar
7400:Khanazir
7380:Bishanin
7310:al-Shiha
7290:Qurtuman
7275:al-Nahda
7210:Biqasqas
7190:al-Bayda
7090:al-Rasif
7045:al-Karim
6995:al-Hamra
6975:al-Barid
6930:al-Zaqum
6900:Qulaydin
6830:al-Bahsa
6810:al-Amara
6760:al-Latma
6665:Maradash
6570:Saidiyah
6500:al-Hurra
6490:Ballunah
6368:Tulayhat
6338:Ruhayyah
6323:Rasm Anz
6308:Qasr Ali
6288:Maaloula
6273:Junaynah
6253:al-Hazim
6208:Aziziyah
6188:Abu Ajwa
6108:Masasneh
6098:Maarkaba
6058:Buwaydah
6003:al-Rawda
5998:Qufaylun
5938:al-Biyah
5813:Surayhin
5808:Shiraaya
5748:Muraywid
5598:al-Buraq
5374:Talbiseh
5369:al-Tabni
5359:al-Susah
5349:al-Suwar
5329:Sirghaya
5244:Saidnaya
5219:Sabburah
5174:Qurqania
5119:Muzayrib
5099:Muhambal
5084:Maskanah
5039:Maaloula
5029:Maabatli
5004:Khanaser
4929:Jindires
4899:Jaramana
4889:al-Jalaa
4864:Huraytan
4844:al-Hirak
4809:al-Hajib
4794:al-Hader
4759:al-Dimas
4724:Busayrah
4674:Ayn Issa
4609:Akhtarin
4580:Zabadani
4475:Qamishli
4326:District
4287:Quneitra
4247:Damascus
4161:Archived
4106:ABC-CLIO
3957:(1867),
3854:. p.lxi.
3757:26 April
3728:26 April
3703:1 August
3421:Archived
3092:"Hamath"
3075:Archived
2825:See also
2761:Maryamin
2419:3,071.3
2329:Average
2277:(13.89)
2208:Average
1923:(113.4)
1903:(108.0)
1898:(113.0)
1893:(113.4)
1888:(107.6)
1883:(105.8)
1774:area in
1736:uprising
1642:Turkoman
1550:madrasas
1524:defeated
1442:Fatimids
1425:Hamdanid
1380:Umayyads
1295:Emathoùs
1256:Scotland
1172:Hellenic
1137:Amos 6:2
1118:Dead Sea
1034:Biblical
1032:The few
984:Damascus
875:Irhuleni
803:Aramaean
797:Iron Age
770:against
761:Hittites
690:Iron Age
645:Damascus
629:Damascus
338:District
154:Abulfeda
152:City of
9116:Nampigi
9039:Kinalua
9021:Kinalua
8942:Hilakku
8883:Kammanu
8868:Šinuḫtu
8863:Ḫubišna
8731:Mawilah
8711:Ithriya
8691:al-Ayah
8660:Al-Saan
8551:Hanutah
8476:Shuhayb
8446:Mabujah
8426:Jadduah
8381:Umm Mil
8291:Zighrin
8241:Taldara
8186:Shakara
7994:Jubbayn
7939:Arba'in
7904:Tremseh
7879:Shaizar
7862:Maarzaf
7832:Halfaya
7827:al-Arid
7765:Zaytuna
7740:Maysara
7690:Bashawi
7585:Jarajis
7470:Barshin
7420:Ta'unah
7415:Qasraya
7315:Sighata
7235:Hayalin
7200:Biqraqa
7080:Qiratah
6960:al-Bani
6870:Maarana
6865:Mansura
6835:Barakah
6794:Ziyarah
6745:Kanayes
6735:Hawayeq
6640:Farikah
6629:Shathah
6619:Shathah
6610:Uwaynah
6535:Khansaa
6520:Karamah
6510:Hayalin
6470:Ammurin
6363:Tharwat
6358:Tarfawi
6303:Qanater
6283:Kharsan
6133:Shatheh
6093:Maardis
6078:Khafsin
6008:Suma'ah
5988:al-Muah
5843:Tishrin
5788:Safinah
5763:Qamhana
5663:Juziyah
5643:Jarjisa
5638:Jarjara
5633:Jahiyah
5593:Besirin
5334:Slinfah
5299:Shathah
5294:Sharran
5254:Saraqib
5239:Sahnaya
5209:al-Saan
5104:Muhasan
5074:Markada
4989:Khasham
4939:al-Qabu
4934:al-Jiza
4859:al-Hawl
4829:Harasta
4799:Hadidah
4769:Furqlus
4744:Darkush
4734:al-Dana
4704:Binnish
4684:Babbila
4639:Armanaz
4592:centres
4575:Yabroud
4560:al-Tall
4530:Salkhad
4490:Qudsaya
4480:Qardaha
4470:Palmyra
4465:an-Nabk
4455:Mhardeh
4450:Mayadin
4375:Darayya
4370:Baniyas
4328:centres
4282:Latakia
4235:centres
3904:Hamatha
3900::
3686:Bibcode
3579:31 July
3543:31 July
2795:Ayyubid
2784:al-Izzi
2768:al-Nuri
2585:Labroud
2573:Lequien
2532:or the
2526:Turkmen
2500:church.
2272:(2.62)
2267:(1.57)
2262:(0.84)
2257:(0.07)
2252:(0.00)
2247:(0.02)
2242:(0.15)
2237:(0.41)
2232:(1.27)
2227:(1.94)
2222:(2.14)
2217:(2.85)
2203:(17.1)
2198:(22.1)
2193:(25.3)
2188:(36.0)
2183:(49.1)
2178:(57.2)
2173:(58.5)
2168:(51.1)
2163:(42.6)
2158:(31.1)
2153:(26.6)
2148:(18.9)
2143:(17.1)
2133:(51.6)
2128:(38.7)
2123:(43.9)
2118:(54.3)
2113:(62.8)
2108:(68.2)
2103:(68.4)
2098:(63.3)
2093:(55.2)
2088:(47.8)
2083:(41.7)
2078:(37.9)
2073:(37.2)
2063:(63.5)
2058:(46.2)
2053:(54.9)
2048:(66.7)
2043:(77.5)
2038:(82.2)
2033:(82.8)
2028:(78.4)
2023:(70.0)
2018:(60.6)
2013:(52.9)
2008:(46.9)
2003:(43.9)
1993:(76.5)
1988:(55.6)
1983:(67.5)
1978:(81.7)
1973:(92.8)
1968:(97.2)
1963:(97.2)
1958:(92.8)
1953:(84.7)
1948:(73.6)
1943:(64.2)
1938:(56.8)
1933:(52.5)
1918:(77.4)
1913:(87.8)
1908:(99.7)
1878:(97.2)
1873:(82.4)
1868:(73.6)
1863:(68.0)
1782:Climate
1692:to the
1684:of Hama
1626:Tripoli
1578:Baalbek
1528:Mamluks
1520:Mongols
1512:Ayyubid
1504:Saladin
1500:minaret
1476:Seljuks
1450:Persian
1412:in the
1398:Abbasid
1396:during
1299:Εμαθούς
1250:on the
1232:Britain
1078:Solomon
980:Simirra
887:Aramean
838:
823:Hittite
815:Aramaic
745:Mitanni
741:Amorite
688:to the
674:History
600:
592:ħ(ə)mɑθ
588::
534:Website
523:Climate
513:Geocode
451::
410:Syrians
401:996,000
308:Country
283:36°45′E
280:35°08′N
9232:Levant
9162:Hamath
9154:Hamath
9144:Shuksi
9131:Luhuti
9093:Guzana
9057:Sam'al
9005:states
8962:Marqas
8954:Gurgum
8947:
8909:Samsat
8901:Kummuh
8853:Tuwana
8832:states
8830:Luwian
8741:Rahjan
8641:Tahmaz
8606:Qastal
8576:Jayruh
8556:Haddaj
8471:Shahba
8436:Jissin
8416:Fawrah
8411:Aqarib
8251:Thawra
8181:Samnah
8176:Safawi
8111:Jamala
8106:Halban
7978:Karnaz
7968:Karnaz
7949:Latmin
7720:Jabita
7640:Zahraa
7600:Maarin
7590:Kanafu
7575:Hizanu
7570:Hanjur
7555:Asilah
7490:Hermel
7410:Qarmas
7375:Baarin
7370:Akakir
7285:Qayrun
7185:Anbura
7179:Masyaf
7169:Masyaf
6925:Zayzun
6895:Qastun
6885:Qarqur
6875:Mashik
6840:Duqmaq
6780:Tamaza
6765:Mazhal
6755:Khareb
6685:Rihana
6585:Shahta
6540:Maksar
6198:al-Anz
6193:al-Ala
6172:Hamraa
6088:Lahaya
6073:Kawkab
6053:Atshan
6028:Zara'a
6023:Toumin
5958:Jidrin
5943:Bulous
5873:Zabada
5848:Tuwaym
5838:Tayzin
5833:Taqsis
5793:Samrah
5778:Raabun
5738:Matnin
5728:Madbaa
5703:Khitab
5668:Kafraa
5648:Jibrin
5603:Billin
5553:Adabas
5424:Thiban
5379:Taldou
5324:Sinjar
5289:Shaqqa
5269:Sawran
5264:Sarrin
5259:Sarmin
5249:Salqin
5214:Saasaa
5194:al-Rai
5184:Rankus
5044:Madaya
5034:Maadan
4994:Kirnaz
4974:Kessab
4884:Jayrud
4854:Hisyah
4719:Bulbul
4619:Arbeen
4540:Shahba
4520:Safita
4485:Qatana
4445:Masyaf
4440:Manbij
4415:Jableh
4365:al-Bab
4350:Atarib
4345:Arihah
4307:Tartus
4242:Aleppo
4089:
4049:
4028:
4007:
3975:
3943:
3604:
3491:
3192:
3182:
3021:3 June
3001:. PBS.
2956:13 May
2930:. cbss
2720:Arabic
2569:Apamea
2524:, and
2416:130.2
2413:192.0
2410:257.3
2407:312.0
2404:356.5
2401:387.5
2398:366.0
2395:325.5
2392:249.0
2389:217.0
2386:151.2
2383:127.1
1814:Month
1776:Khareb
1725:Ba'ath
1621:eyalet
1555:norias
1496:mosque
1492:Zengid
1490:, the
1429:Aleppo
1244:Malton
1224:Magnis
1212:Pompey
1204:Romans
1125:Isaiah
1114:Arabah
1110:Israel
999:Nimrud
988:Samara
986:, and
952:Urartu
948:Ullaba
941:Tigris
926:Sam'al
918:Hazrak
914:Hazael
908:under
906:Sam'al
902:Luhuti
898:Zakkur
871:Hamata
863:Aramea
774:under
668:norias
666:, the
649:Aleppo
577:Syriac
560:حَمَاة
556:Arabic
541:.ehama
440:Arabic
44:حَمَاة
9121:Halab
9111:Arpad
8932:Adana
8891:Melid
8858:Atuna
8848:Tabal
8840:Tabal
8756:Sarha
8586:Masud
8461:Salba
8326:Akash
8300:Barri
8246:Tirad
8206:Smakh
8196:Sibaa
8121:Karim
8081:Danin
7837:Huwat
7745:Naqir
7735:Marha
7620:Qurin
7405:Nisaf
7270:Matna
7050:Kawri
6855:Fawru
6785:Tubah
6655:Jurin
6575:Salba
6495:Breij
6353:Suruj
6318:Rabda
6233:Fayda
6218:Bayud
6113:Murak
6103:Ma'an
6047:Suran
6037:Suran
6013:Talaf
5933:Bisin
5928:Birin
5913:Aqrab
5693:Khala
5653:Jinan
5588:Bayad
5583:Bahra
5568:Arzah
5419:Tedef
5389:Tasil
5354:Suran
5339:Suluk
5274:Sebei
5234:Sadad
5159:Qarah
5069:Mare'
5054:Malah
5049:Mahin
4909:Jasim
4879:Ihsim
4814:Hajin
4729:Da'el
4714:Bosra
4689:Banan
4644:Arwad
4624:Arima
4614:Amuda
4410:Izra'
4405:Harem
4385:Douma
4340:Afrin
4292:Raqqa
4277:Idlib
4252:Daraa
3747:(PDF)
3499:p.25.
3284:(PDF)
2736:noria
2522:Kurds
2518:Arabs
2454:10.4
2451:11.5
2448:12.5
2445:12.2
2442:10.5
2324:49.2
2275:352.7
1853:Year
1634:khans
1615:liwas
1303:Greek
1291:Emath
1116:(the
1070:Moses
1058:Zobah
1010:Aswan
976:Arpad
846:Ḥămāṯ
836:חֲמָת
778:near
625:Syria
616:Ḥămāṯ
608:חֲמָת
565:Ḥamāh
517:C2987
489:UTC+3
468:UTC+2
455:Ḥamwi
364:1500
319:Syria
25:Hamas
9187:Hama
8919:Quwê
8681:Amya
8650:Saan
8631:Suha
8266:Tuba
8151:Nawa
7884:Shir
7645:Zawi
7565:Dimu
7295:Rabu
6475:Anab
6228:Duma
6223:Dali
6203:Arfa
5923:Baja
5798:Sawa
5578:Ayyo
5537:Hama
5527:Hama
5319:Shin
5179:Rajo
5139:Nubl
5134:Nawa
4849:Hish
4360:Azaz
4272:Homs
4262:Hama
4152:e.sy
4087:ISBN
4047:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3973:ISBN
3941:ISBN
3759:2017
3730:2017
3705:2013
3659:2021
3634:2021
3602:ISBN
3581:2011
3545:2011
3489:ISBN
3215:NKJV
3190:OCLC
3180:ISBN
3160:Iraq
3104:2013
3023:2013
2986:2022
2958:2024
2936:2024
2806:The
2757:Azem
2655:Kazo
2466:8.4
2463:4.2
2460:6.4
2457:8.3
2439:8.3
2436:7.0
2433:5.4
2430:4.1
2333:(%)
2321:9.0
2318:5.1
2315:2.8
2312:0.3
2309:0.0
2306:0.0
2303:0.3
2300:1.8
2297:4.5
2294:7.4
2291:8.1
2288:9.9
2270:66.5
2265:40.0
2260:21.4
2235:10.3
2230:32.3
2225:49.3
2220:54.3
2215:72.5
2201:−8.3
2196:−5.5
2191:−3.7
2176:14.0
2171:14.7
2166:10.6
2156:−0.5
2151:−3.0
2146:−7.3
2141:−8.3
2131:10.9
2116:12.4
2111:17.1
2106:20.1
2101:20.2
2096:17.4
2091:12.9
2061:17.5
2051:12.7
2046:19.3
2041:25.3
2036:27.9
2031:28.2
2026:25.8
2021:21.1
2016:15.9
2011:11.6
1991:24.7
1986:13.1
1981:19.7
1976:27.6
1971:33.8
1966:36.2
1961:36.2
1956:33.8
1951:29.3
1946:23.1
1941:17.9
1936:13.8
1931:11.4
1921:45.2
1916:25.2
1911:31.0
1906:37.6
1901:42.2
1896:45.0
1891:45.2
1886:42.0
1881:41.0
1876:36.2
1871:28.0
1866:23.1
1861:20.0
1850:Dec
1847:Nov
1844:Oct
1841:Sep
1838:Aug
1835:Jul
1832:Jun
1829:May
1826:Apr
1823:Mar
1820:Feb
1817:Jan
1800:Homs
1680:The
1592:The
1576:and
1574:Homs
1386:Arab
1208:Hama
1202:The
1133:Amos
1120:)".
1014:Jews
867:Amat
780:Homs
653:Homs
651:and
633:Homs
598:lit.
581:ܚܡܳܬ
552:Hama
493:EEST
444:حموي
254:Hama
221:Hama
188:Hama
53:City
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