483:
50:
494:
was the first formal and analytical Arabic grammar written by a non-native speaker of Arabic, i.e. as a foreign language. His application of logic to the structural mechanics of language was wholly innovative for its time. Both
Sibawayh and his teacher al-Farahidi are historically the earliest and
469:
A student of
Sibawayh's, al-Akhfash al-Asghar (Akhfash the Younger), is said to have challenged al-Kisa'i after his teacher's death asking him 100 questions on grammar, proving al-Kisa'i's answers wrong each time. When the student revealed who he was and what had happened, al-Kisa'i approached the
344:
Despite
Sibawayh's renowned scholarship, his status as a non-native speaker of the language is a central feature in the many anecdotes included in the biographies. The accounts throw useful light on early contemporary debates which influenced the formulation of the fundamental principles of Arabic
1005:
Persians have been prominent as well in the fields of Arabic grammar, philology, and lexicography. The greatest name in Arabic grammar belongs to the
Persian Sībawayh (Sībūya) Bayżāwī (fl. 180/796), whose work, al-Ketāb (The book), remains to the present day the most authoritative exposition of
1031:
Some of these cultural figures were of
Iranian descent, including the early paragon of piety Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; Sebawayh, one of the founders of the study of Arabic grammar; the famed poets Baššār b. Bord and Abū Nowās; the Muʿtazilite theologian ʿAmr b. ʿObayd; the early Arabic prose stylist Ebn
563:
text. Al-Nadim describes the voluminous work, reputedly the collaboration of forty-two grammarians, as "unequaled before his time and unrivaled afterwards". Sibawayh was the first to produce a comprehensive encyclopedic Arabic grammar, in which he sets down the principles rules of grammar, the
745:
Al-Kitāb, comprising 5 volumes, is a long and highly analytic and comprehensive treatment of grammar and remains largely untranslated into
English. Due to its great unwieldiness and complexity the later grammarians produced concise grammars in a simple descriptive format suitable for general
796:
and prohibited deviations. He dispenses with the letter-groups classification of al-Farahidi's dictionary. He introduces a discussion on the nature of morality of speech; that speech as a form of human behavior is governed by ethics, right and wrong, correct and incorrect.
276:, attribute Sibawayh with contributions to the science of the Arabic language and linguistics that were unsurpassed by those of earlier and later times. He has been called the greatest of all Arabic linguists and one of the greatest linguists of all time in any language.
638:, who circulated Sibawayh's work, and developed the science of grammar, writing many books of their own and commentaries, such as al-Jarmi's "(Commentary on) The Strange in Sibawayh". Of the next generation of grammarians,
465:
was the proper usage and so
Sibawayh's was judged incorrect. After this, he left the court, and was said to have returned in indignation to Shiraz where he died soon, apparently either from upset or illness.
260:
He is Amr ibn Uthman, and he was mainly a grammarian. He arrived in
Baghdad, fell out with the local grammarians, was humiliated, went back to some town in Persia, and died there while still a young man.
709:. In an anecdote about Ibn al-Sarraj being reprimanded for an error, he is said to have replied "you have trained me, but I've been neglecting what I studied while reading this book (meaning Sibawayh's
421:), literally "and-thus he she", using "he" for the scorpion (a masculine noun in Arabic) and "she" for "stinging, bite" (a feminine noun), arguing that Arabic does not need or use any verb-form like
1126:
Of
Persian origin, he attached himself in the middle of the second/eighth century to a number of early authorities on the Arabic language in Basra, notably al-Khalil ibn Ahmad and Yunus ibn Habib.
454:. The grammatical constructions of the debate may be compared to a similar point in the grammar of modern English: "it is she" vs. "it is her", which is still a point of some disagreement today.
2032:
618:
with
Sibawayh," nor did he expound it as was the tradition. Sibawayh's associate and pupil, Al-Akhfash al-Akbar, or al-Akhfash al-Mujashi'i, a learned grammarian of Basra of the
713:), because I've been diverted by logic and music, and now I'm going back to ", after which he became the leading grammarian after al-Zajjaj, and wrote many books of scholarship.
527:); these pronunciation variants pose particular issues for religious readings of Qur'anic scripture where correct pronunciation, or reading, of God's Word is sacrosanct.
304:, and finally back to the village of al-Baida near Shiraz where he died between 177/793 and 180/796, while another says he died in Basra in 161/777. His Persian nickname
574:", and of many philological works on lexicography, diacritics, poetic meter (ʻarūḍ), cryptology, etc. Sibawayh's book came from flourishing literary, philological and
2087:
2027:
1948:
contains all significant printed editions of Chapters 1–7, 285–302, and 565-571 of the Kitāb, together with published translations into French and German.
1560:
Introduction to Early Medieval Arabic: Studies on Al-Khalīl Ibn Ahmad, pg. 3. Ed. Karin C. Ryding. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998.
762:
may indicate three tenses (past, present, future) but take just two forms, defined as "past" (past tense) and "resembling" (present and future tenses).
509:(Quranic exegesis); The poetic language of the Qur'an presents interpretative challenges even to the native Arabic speaker. In Arabic, the final voiced
495:
most significant figures in respect to the formal recording of the Arabic language. Much of the impetus for this work came from the desire of non-Arab
878:
Al-Nadim claims to have seen notes about grammar and language in Sibawayh's handwriting in the library of a book collector, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn (
2062:
598:
always in the third person, in phrases such as "I asked him", or "he said". Sibawayh transmits quotes, mainly via Ibn Habib and al-Farahidi, of
1370:
1119:
1793:, ed. by Alireza Korangy and others, Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East, 31 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016), pp. 141–65
542:
was referred to as the Sibawayh of the modern era due to the fact that, although he was of Arab descent, Arabic was not his mother tongue.
769:, grabbing material from a very wide range of sources, both old and contemporary, both urban and from the desert: his sources range from
2092:
2037:
1898:
1881:
1798:
1653:
1617:
1594:
1565:
1329:
1318:
History of language sciences: an international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginnings to the present
1298:
1239:
1175:
1150:
1142:
1063:
718:
865:, whose work seems based on the former's, mention his place of birth, and merely state he was Persian. Only Al-Zubaydī reports an
966:
970:
2077:
565:
333:
1904:
Edzard, L. "Sibawayhi's Observations on Assimilatory Processes and Re-Syllabification in the Light of Optimality Theory", in:
2042:
1500:
1411:
1512:
599:
328:
when he was thirty-two years old and died in Persia when he was over forty. He was a student of the two eminent grammarians
2052:
1917:
1631:
Khalil I. Semaan, Linguistics in the Middle Ages: Phonetic Studies in Early Islam, pg. 39. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1968.
408:
Both Sibawayh and al-Kisa'i agreed that it involved an omitted verb, but disagreed on the specific construct to be used.
2072:
2057:
1913:
2067:
1909:
1589:
Michael G. Carter, Sibawayh, pg. 19. Part of the Makers of Islamic Civilization series. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
2047:
1824:
829:
1963:
1924:
1889:
1340:
751:
664:"Have you ridden through grammar, appreciating its vastness and meeting with the difficulties of its contents?"
635:
564:
grammatical categories with countless examples taken from Arabic sayings, verse and poetry, as transmitted by
404:"I have always thought that the scorpion was more painful in stinging than the hornet, and sure enough it is."
316:
b. Ka'b b. 'Amr b. 'Ulah b. Khalid b. Malik b. Udad, he learned the dialects (languages) from Abu al-Khattab
1256:
702:
1818:
1648:. Volume 63 in the series "Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics." Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2011.
1532:
1516:
1219:. Vol. 1. Translated by Dodge, B. New York & London: Columbia University Press. pp. 111–114.
805:
2082:
694:
362:
231:
559:('Book of Sibawayh'), is the foundational grammar of the Arabic language, and perhaps the first Arabic
1612:, pg. 161. Volume 19 of Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1993.
2022:
579:
1998:
Sibawaihi's Buch über die Grammatik nach der Ausgabe von H. Derenbourg und dem Commentar des (1900)
1170:, pg. 58. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001. Paperback edition of the 1997 first edition.
1141:, pg. 8. Volume 53 of Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Amsterdam:
879:
714:
583:
539:
317:
269:
119:
619:
1945:
1841:
1803:
770:
670:
538:- due to his dark complexion - and "wayh", was given to him out of his love of Sibawayh's works.
377:, had a dispute on the following point of grammar, which later became known as المسألة الزنبورية
129:
925:
726:
614:
Probably due to Sibawayh's early death, "no one", al-Nadim records, "was known to have studied
1894:
1877:
1831:
1794:
1649:
1613:
1590:
1561:
1496:
1485:
Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences
1407:
1366:
1325:
1321:
1294:
1235:
1171:
1146:
1115:
1059:
1032:
al-Moqaffaʿ; and probably some of the authors of the noted encyclopedia of the Eḵwān al-Ṣafāʾ.
778:
587:
522:
426:
354:
105:
789:
570:
393:كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ ٱلْعَقْرَبَ أَشَدُّ لَسْعَةً مِنَ الزُّنْبُورِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ إِيَّاهَا.
358:
197:
182:
145:
1453:
1099:. Vol. 2. Translated by MacGuckin de Slane, William. London: W.H. Allen. p. 396.
793:
782:
746:
readership and educational purposes. Al-Kitāb categorizes grammar under subheadings, from
737:
a pupil of al-Zajjaj, wrote "Exposition and Interpretation of the Arguments of Sibawayh".
471:
397:
388:
329:
325:
243:
220:
190:
176:
169:
161:
312:, means "scent of apples" and reportedly refers to his "sweet breath." A protégé of the
1785:, vol. 2, translated by Dodge, B, New York & London: Columbia University Press
1605:
1348:
1094:
1043:
982:
974:
834:
701:, focusing on Sibawayh's use of both pre- and post-Islamic poetry. Al-Zajjaj's pupil,
690:
603:
227:
1997:
1951:
869:(tradition) from Abū 'Alī al-Baghdadī that Sibawayh was born in a village near Shiraz.
2016:
1814:
978:
862:
766:
399:
kuntu ʾaẓunnu ʾanna l-ʿaqraba ʾašaddu lasʿatan min az-zunbūri, fa-ʾiḏā huwa ʾiyyā-hā.
370:
289:
273:
474:
and requested punishment from him knowing he had had a share in "killing Sibawayh."
2007:
2002:
1778:
1645:
1212:
759:
265:
249:
996:
674:
366:
1874:
The Foundations of Grammar: An introduction to Medieval Arabic Grammatical Theory
952:, vol. Introduction (3rd ed.), Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, pp. 7–12
1438:, p. 64 in first ed. (1997) or 72 in second ed. (2014), citing Ibn al-'Anbārī's
1313:
1018:
639:
313:
654:. Al-Mubarrad is quoted as posing the question to anyone preparing to read the
1022:
734:
678:
765:
Sibawayh generally illustrates his statements and rules by quoting verses of
1988:
1492:
1055:
887:
858:
755:
531:
521:. Discrepancies in pronunciation may occur where a text is read aloud (See
1759:
Yasir Suleiman, "Ideology, grammar-making and standardization." Taken from
689:(incomplete). Al-Mubarrad's pupil and tutor to the children of the Caliph
530:
Later scholars of Arabic grammar came to be compared to Sibawayh. The name
882:), in the city of al-Hadithah - he may have been referring to a city near
1519:, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Accessed 1 January 2013.
631:
1969:
948:
Sībawayh, ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān (1988), Hārūn, ʻAbd al-Salām Muḥammad (ed.),
513:
may occasionally be omitted, as in the Arabic pronunciation of the name
17:
1928:
854:
774:
591:
535:
458:
301:
235:
1876:. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company 1988.
1640:
Monique Bernards, "Pioneers of Arabic linguistic studies." Taken from
1992:
1977:
1959:
1642:
In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arabic Culture
1488:
1261:
Kitab al-Ishtiqaq (Ibn Doreid's genealogisch-etymologisches Handbuch)
909:
907:
813:
747:
575:
505:
496:
285:
141:
93:
89:
77:
73:
55:
1682:
Kitab al-Ma'arif (Ibn Coteiba's Handbuch de Geschichte - New edition
1232:
Landmarks in Linguistic Thought III: The Arabic Linguistic Tradition
568:, his master and the famous author of the first Arabic dictionary, "
461:
who had "happened" to be waiting near the door. Each testified that
446:), literally "and-thus he onto-her", supporting the object pronoun
1680:
Qutaybah, Abu Muh. 'Abd Allah (1960), Wustenfeld, Ferdinand (ed.),
1665:
Qutaybah, Abu Muh. 'Abd Allah (1850), Wustenfeld, Ferdinand (ed.),
1474:, vol. 1, p. 499. Trns. Thomas Chenery. Williams and Norgate, 1867.
482:
49:
1472:
The Assemblies of Al Ḥarîri: 1: containing the first 26 assemblies
1139:
Early Arabic Grammatical Theory: Heterogeneity and Standardization
883:
560:
510:
500:
481:
297:
97:
1783:
The Fihrist of al-Nadim A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture
1217:
The Fihrist of al-Nadim A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture
817:
374:
361:
of Baghdad on standard Arabic usage, Sibawayh, representing the
321:
293:
101:
808:, the most eminent grammarian of his era, memorized the entire
781:-era poets, and even the less prestigious and more innovative
578:(Quranic exegetical) tradition that centred in the schools of
252:, the earliest extant source, in his biographical entry under
950:
Al-Kitāb Kitāb Sībawayh Abī Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar
1669:, Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, pp. 36 line 19 to 37 line 17
1345:
The Assemblies of Al Harîri: The first twenty-six assemblies
1293:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: American Research Press. p. 83.
804:
as the most comprehensive and oldest extant Arabic grammar.
630:
with a group of student and grammarian associates including
242:, or "The Book", is a five-volume seminal discussion of the
1737:, page 65 in first ed. (1997), page 73 in second ed (2014).
384:
The discussion involved the final clause of the sentence:
788:
Although a grammar book, Sibawayh extends his theme into
758:. Each chapter introduces a concept with its definition.
648:
Thorough Searching (or Meaning) of "the Book" of Sibawayh
602:
57 times, whom he never met. Sibawayh quotes his teacher
1853:
Sībawaihis Buch über die Grammatik übersetzt und erklärt
1347:, pg. 498. Volume 3 of Oriental translation fund. Trns.
1667:
Kitab al-Ma'arif (Ibn Coteiba's Handbuch de Geschichte)
725:, comprising a number of sections but left unfinished.
215:أَبُو بِشْر عَمْرو بْن عُثْمَان بْن قَنْبَر ٱلْبَصْرِيّ
1893:.London and New York: Keegan Paul International 1993.
1029:. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. pp. 851–855.
1003:. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. pp. 237–243.
457:
To Sibawayh's dismay, al-Kisa'i soon ushered in four
1791:
Essays in Islamic Phililogy, History, and Philosophy
681:
debated educational approaches to the exposition of
1610:
Arabic Grammar and Qurʼānic Exegesis in Early Islam
961:
959:
135:
125:
115:
84:
62:
34:
1483:Toufic Fahd, "Botany and agriculture." Taken from
965:Encyclopedia of Islam, vol. I, A-B, pg. 126. Eds.
1927:(1984) . "§6 (#22)". In Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad (ed.).
985:. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1979. Print edition.
723:The Triumph of Sibawayh over All the Grammarians
1186:
997:"Arabic Language iv. Arabic literature in Iran"
642:developed the work of his masters and wrote an
222:’Abū Bishr ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthmān ibn Qanbar al-Baṣrī
1933:(in Arabic). Cairo: Al-Khanjī. pp. 66–72.
1397:
1395:
1112:Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopedia
812:, and equated its value to grammar as that of
373:and the leading figure in the rival school of
2033:8th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
1925:Zubaydī (al-), Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan
1827:, William, London: W.H. Allen, pp. 396–9
1289:Smarandache, Florentin; Osman, Salah (2007).
913:
296:. Reports vary, some saying he went first to
8:
1789:Brustad, Kristen, 'The Iconic Síbawayh', in
685:. Among Al-Mabriman's books of grammar was
441:
416:
213:
210:Abu Bishr Amr ibn Uthman ibn Qanbar al-Basri
38:
1365:. University of Chicago Press. p. 51.
1361:Touati, Houari; Cochrane, Lydia G. (2010).
336:, the latter of whom he was most indebted.
1259:, Ferdinand; Gottingen, Dieterich (eds.),
853:Versteegh gives Sibawayh's birth-place as
800:Many linguists and scholars highly esteem
717:an associate and pupil of al-Mubarrad and
238:. His famous unnamed work, referred to as
234:and author of the earliest book on Arabic
48:
31:
1529:Abu Turab al-Zahiri...Sibawayh of the Era
1389:, p. 64 in first ed., p. 72 in second ed.
626:into manuscript form. Al-Akhfash studied
27:Persian grammarian from Basra (c.760–796)
1543:
1541:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1027:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8
687:An Explanation of "the Book" of Sibawayh
433:are never the main part of a predicate.
1444:, pp. 292-5 in Weil's edition of 1913.
1320:, pg. 252. Ed. Sylvain Auroux. Berlin:
1114:. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 741.
1001:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 3
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
903:
846:
594:. Al-Farahidi is referenced throughout
353:In a story from the debate held by the
1627:
1625:
1274:'Abd al-Salam Muh. Harun, ed. (1958),
284:Born circa 143/760, Sibawayh was from
1906:Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies
1460:. Leiden: Brill Archive. p. 245.
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
196:
7:
1930:Ṭabaqāt al-Naḥwīyīn wa-al-Lughawīyīn
1088:
1086:
1084:
792:, standardised pronunciation of the
699:Commentary on the Verses of Sibawayh
411:Sibawayh proposed finishing it with
2088:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate
2028:8th-century Arabic-language writers
1406:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 13.
1363:Islam and Travel in the Middle Ages
442:
417:
392:
320:(the Elder) and others. He came to
214:
186:
165:
39:
1908:, vol. 3 (2000), pp. 48–65. (
1458:A History of Muslim Historiography
622:ibn Darim, transcribed Sibawayh's
499:for correct interpretation of the
25:
1234:. London: Routledge. p. 29.
1143:John Benjamins Publishing Company
857:in Western Iran, however neither
1291:Neutrosophy in Arabic Philosophy
967:Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb
381:("The Question of the Hornet").
1487:, pg. 814. Ed. Roshdi Rasheed.
1276:Kitab al-Ishtiqaq (New edition)
1110:Meri, Josef W. (January 2006).
1052:Landmarks in Linguistic Thought
1048:The Arabic Linguistic Tradition
566:Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
334:Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
54:Entrance to Sibawayh's tomb in
2063:Medieval grammarians of Arabic
2008:Buch über die Grammatik (1895)
2003:Buch über die Grammatik (1895)
1980:(1988, 5 vols., index, cover.)
1865:ʻAbd al-Salām Hārūn, M. (ed.)
1470:al-Qāsim Ibn-ʻAlī al- Ḥarīrī,
754:, and includes an appendix on
534:, a combination of "nift", or
264:The tenth-century biographers
1:
1836:Anthologie grammaticale arabe
1823:, vol. 2, translated by
1351:. Williams and Norgate, 1867.
517:where the name terminates as
436:Al-Kisa'i argued instead for
429:, and that object forms like
202:
66:
1848:. 2 vols. Paris 1881–1889. .
1820:Ibn Khallikan's Biographical
1096:Ibn Khallikan's Biographical
1578:Arabic Linguistic Tradition
1402:Carter, Michael G. (2004).
450:("her") with the particle '
398:
221:
191:
177:
170:
2109:
2093:8th-century Iranian people
1869:. 5 vols. Cairo 1966–1977.
1684:, Cairo: 'Tharwat 'Ukashah
1535:, Monday, 27 October 2003.
486:Sibawayh's tomb in Shiraz.
349:The Question of the Hornet
272:, and in the 13th-century
1316:, "Sibawayh." Taken from
379:al-Mas’alah al-Zunbūrīyah
151:
111:
47:
2038:8th-century philologists
1890:Sibawayh the Phonologist
1341:Francis Joseph Steingass
1230:Versteegh, Kees (1997).
1054:series, vol. 3. London:
644:Introduction to Sibawayh
1987:in scanned format from
1912:- No longer available;
1761:In the Shadow or Arabic
971:Évariste Lévi-Provençal
916:, p. 66, §6 (#22).
503:and the development of
369:, one of the canonical
365:school of grammar, and
2078:Philologists of Arabic
1810:(London: Tauris, 2004)
1781:, Bayard, ed. (1970),
1517:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1215:, Bayard, ed. (1970).
1093:Ibn Khallikan (1868).
830:Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali
806:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
731:Commentary on Sibawayh
707:Commentary on Sibawayh
703:Abu Bakr ibn al-Sarraj
652:Refutation of Sibawayh
487:
262:
208:), whose full name is
2043:8th-century linguists
1860:Sībawaihi’s Lautlehre
1855:. Berlin 1895–1900. .
1846:Le livre de Sibawaihi
1050:, pg. 4. Part of the
695:Ibn as-Sarī az-Zajjāj
636:Abu 'Uthman al-Mazini
600:Abu ʻAmr ibn al-ʻAlāʼ
485:
438:fa-'iḏā huwa 'iyyā-hā
258:
2053:Iranian orientalists
1918:HTML Unicode version
1187:Khallikan (Ibn) 1843
610:Grammarians of Basra
2073:People from Hamadan
2058:Linguists from Iran
1748:The Arabic Language
1735:The Arabic Language
1722:The Arabic Language
1709:The Arabic Language
1696:The Arabic Language
1549:The Arabic Language
1436:The Arabic Language
1387:The Arabic Language
1263:, pp. 155, 237
1168:The Arabic Language
1074:Michael G. Carter,
995:Danner, V. (1986).
785:poets of his time.
771:pre-Islamic Arabian
540:Abu Turab al-Zahiri
318:al-Akhfash al-Akbar
270:Abu Bakr al-Zubaydi
232:grammarian of Basra
198:[siːbuːˈje]
120:Medieval philosophy
80:, Abbasid Caliphate
2068:Medieval linguists
1832:de Sacy, Silvestre
1825:MacGuckin de Slane
1804:Carter, Michael G.
1278:, Cairo: Al-Khanji
914:Zubaydī (al-) 1984
632:Abu 'Umar al-Jarmi
488:
130:Islamic philosophy
1993:Arabic Wikisource
1946:Sibawayhi Project
1511:Bencheikh, Omar.
1372:978-0-226-80877-2
1322:Walter de Gruyter
1121:978-0-415-96691-7
886:or a town on the
606:just five times.
586:and later at the
413:fa-'iḏā huwa hiya
155:
154:
106:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
2100:
2048:Iranian Arabists
1989:Internet Archive
1934:
1887:Al-Nassir, A.A.
1828:
1786:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1746:Kees Versteegh,
1744:
1738:
1733:Kees Versteegh,
1731:
1725:
1720:Kees Versteegh,
1718:
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1707:Kees Versteegh,
1705:
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1694:Kees Versteegh,
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1454:Rosenthal, Franz
1450:
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1431:Kees Versteegh,
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1385:Kees Versteegh,
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1137:Jonathan Owens,
1135:
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986:
969:, J.H. Kramers,
963:
954:
953:
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928:
923:
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911:
891:
876:
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851:
773:poets, to later
588:Abbasid caliphal
445:
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420:
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401:
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359:Yahya ibn Khalid
224:
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52:
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2101:
2099:
2098:
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2013:
2012:
1942:
1937:
1923:
1867:Kitāb Sibawayhi
1815:Khallikan (Ibn)
1813:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1750:(1997), pg. 88.
1745:
1741:
1732:
1728:
1724:(1997), pg. 84.
1719:
1715:
1711:(1997), pg. 77.
1706:
1702:
1698:(1997), pg. 74.
1693:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1644:, pg. 215. Ed.
1639:
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1255:Durayd (1854),
1254:
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1016:
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1006:Arabic grammar.
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989:
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957:
947:
946:
931:
924:
920:
912:
905:
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895:
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852:
848:
843:
826:
743:
705:, also wrote a
612:
550:
480:
472:Harun al-Rashid
425:in the present
351:
342:
330:Yunus ibn Habib
326:Harun al-Rashid
324:in the days of
282:
244:Arabic language
205:
138:
69:
58:
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37:
28:
23:
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5:
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2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
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1995:
1981:
1967:
1949:
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1940:External links
1938:
1936:
1935:
1921:
1902:
1885:
1870:
1863:
1862:. Leiden 1911.
1856:
1851:Jahn, Gustav.
1849:
1842:Derenbourg, H.
1839:
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1606:Kees Versteegh
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1349:Thomas Chenery
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1191:
1189:, p. 397.
1179:
1154:
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1120:
1102:
1080:
1067:
1044:Kees Versteegh
1036:
1010:
987:
983:Charles Pellat
977:. Assisted by
975:Joseph Schacht
955:
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835:Arabic grammar
832:
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739:
715:Ibn Durustuyah
668:
667:
666:
665:
611:
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604:Harun ibn Musa
557:Kitāb Sībawayh
549:
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479:
476:
406:
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341:
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308:, arabized as
281:
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256:simply wrote:
206: 760–796
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1983:Download the
1982:
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979:Bernard Lewis
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863:Ibn Khallikan
860:
856:
850:
847:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
795:
791:
786:
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777:poets, urban
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
740:
738:
736:
732:
729:also wrote a
728:
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607:
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601:
597:
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571:Kitab al-'Ayn
567:
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558:
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508:
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498:
493:
484:
477:
475:
473:
467:
464:
463:huwa 'iyyā-hā
460:
455:
453:
449:
443:فإذا هو إياها
439:
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409:
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387:
386:
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371:Quran readers
368:
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291:
290:Fars Province
288:, in today's
287:
279:
277:
275:
274:Ibn Khallikan
271:
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61:
57:
51:
46:
33:
30:
19:
2083:Phonologists
1984:
1971:
1953:
1929:
1914:HTML version
1905:
1888:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1858:Schaade, A.
1852:
1845:
1835:
1819:
1807:
1790:
1782:
1771:Bibliography
1760:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1646:Bilal Orfali
1641:
1636:
1609:
1601:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1556:
1548:
1528:
1524:
1507:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1386:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1344:
1336:
1317:
1309:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1269:
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1250:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1182:
1167:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1075:
1070:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1019:Donner, F.M.
1013:
1004:
1000:
990:
949:
921:
874:
866:
849:
809:
801:
799:
787:
764:
760:Arabic verbs
744:
730:
722:
710:
706:
698:
686:
682:
669:
655:
651:
647:
643:
627:
623:
620:Banu Mujashi
615:
613:
595:
569:
556:
552:
551:
546:
529:
523:
518:
514:
504:
491:
489:
468:
462:
456:
451:
447:
437:
435:
430:
422:
412:
410:
407:
383:
378:
352:
343:
309:
305:
283:
266:Ibn al-Nadim
263:
259:
253:
250:Ibn Qutaybah
248:
239:
219:
209:
189:
168:
166:سِيبَوَيْهِي
157:
156:
29:
2023:790s deaths
1970:Sibawayh's
1964:al-eman.com
1952:Sibawayh's
1910:PDF version
1314:Aryeh Levin
818:Islamic law
691:al-Mu'tadid
677:Mukram and
671:Al-Mabriman
640:Al-Mubarrad
490:Sibawayh's
314:Banu Harith
310:Sībawayh(i)
2017:Categories
1872:Owens, J.
1533:Al Jazirah
1501:0415124123
1413:1850436711
1257:Wüstenfeld
898:References
880:Abu Ba'rah
752:morphology
735:Al-Maraghi
727:Al-Rummani
679:Abu Hashim
431:('iyyā-)hā
418:فإذا هو هي
300:, then to
70: 760
1808:Síbawayhi
1763:, pg. 10.
1580:, pg. 25.
1551:, pg. 55.
1513:Nifṭawayh
1493:Routledge
1404:Sibawayhi
1076:Sibawayhi
1056:Routledge
926:Mit-Ejmes
888:Euphrates
859:Ibn Nadim
790:phonology
756:phonetics
675:al-'Askar
532:Niftawayh
367:al-Kisa'i
345:grammar.
280:Biography
226:), was a
187:سِیبُویه
171:Sībawayhi
1817:(1843),
1495:, 1996.
1456:(1952).
1324:, 2000.
1145:, 1990.
1078:, pg. 8.
1058:, 1997.
1021:(1988).
824:See also
810:Al-Kitāb
802:Al-Kitāb
794:alphabet
711:Al-Kitāb
697:wrote a
683:Al-Kitāb
628:Al-Kitāb
624:Al-Kitāb
616:Al-Kitāb
596:Al-Kitāb
590:seat of
553:Al-Kitāb
547:Al-Kitāb
515:Sibawayh
492:Al-Kitab
459:Bedouins
254:Sibawayh
240:Al-Kitāb
230:leading
178:Sībawayh
158:Sibawayh
88:c. 796,
36:Sibawayh
18:Al-Kitāb
1023:"Basra"
855:Hamadan
814:hadiths
779:Umayyad
775:Bedouin
719:Tha'lab
592:Baghdad
536:asphalt
524:harakat
519:Sibuyeh
497:Muslims
470:Caliph
357:vizier
355:Abbasid
340:Debates
306:Sibuyeh
302:Baghdad
236:grammar
228:Persian
183:Persian
146:Persian
1978:Arabic
1974:online
1960:Arabic
1956:online
1897:
1880:
1844:(ed.)
1797:
1652:
1616:
1593:
1564:
1499:
1489:London
1410:
1369:
1328:
1297:
1238:
1174:
1149:
1118:
1062:
867:akhbar
767:poetry
748:syntax
741:Format
721:wrote
650:, and
576:tafsir
506:tafsir
478:Legacy
389:Arabic
286:Shiraz
192:Sībūye
162:Arabic
142:Arabic
126:Region
94:Persia
90:Shiraz
78:Persia
74:Shiraz
56:Shiraz
40:سيبويه
1985:Kitāb
1972:Kitāb
1954:Kitāb
1779:Dodge
1442:Insāf
1213:Dodge
884:Mosul
841:Notes
783:rajaz
580:Basra
561:prose
511:vowel
501:Quran
452:iyyā-
427:tense
363:Basra
298:Basra
98:Basra
1895:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1060:ISBN
981:and
973:and
861:nor
656:Book
634:and
584:Kufa
375:Kufa
332:and
322:Iraq
294:Iran
268:and
144:and
102:Iraq
85:Died
63:Born
1991:or
1976:in
1962:at
1958:in
816:to
750:to
733:.
673:of
555:or
448:-hā
175:or
116:Era
96:or
2019::
1916:;
1834:.
1806:,
1624:^
1608:,
1540:^
1531:.
1515:.
1491::
1394:^
1343:,
1194:^
1157:^
1124:.
1083:^
1046:,
1025:.
999:.
958:^
932:^
906:^
820:.
693:,
658:,
646:,
582:,
423:is
391::
292:,
246:.
218:,
203:c.
201:;
185::
181:;
164::
104:,
100:,
92:,
76:,
72:,
67:c.
1966:.
1920:)
1901:.
1884:.
1422:'
1416:.
1375:.
1303:.
1244:.
890:.
440:(
415:(
212:(
160:(
20:)
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