555:('Crown of the Muslim Community'), as well as a banner for himself and his heir, something hitherto reserved for the designated heirs of the caliphs. Adud al-Dawla also requested two special privileges: allowing him to enter the caliphal audience chamber on horseback, and the erection of a curtain so that when he prostrated himself in front of the caliph, this gesture of submission would not be seen by his companions. The caliph pointedly refused these demands, and even had a barrier built in front of the audience chamber, so that the Buyid ruler had no choice but dismount and enter on foot. Al-Ta'i' did, however, agree to the addition of some details to the ceremony that hearkened back to ancient
489:
55:
684:, he granted a subsidy to the Samanids towards the protection of the frontiers of Islam, and mediated a peace agreement between Samsam al-Dawla and Sharaf al-Dawla, after the latter occupied Khuzistan and Basra. In the treaty, concluded in June 986, Sharaf al-Dawla was recognized as the chief emir, and his name included in the Friday prayers in Baghdad. Both parties explicitly placed themselves under the caliph's formal authority. In the event, Sharaf al-Dawla quickly reneged on the agreement: using clashes between
476:
with respect and restored to him his domains, that had apparently been confiscated (it is unclear by whom, likely by Izz al-Dawla). There are indications that he consulted with al-Ta'i' for a formal investment as emir, and his name was included in the Friday prayer before that of Izz al-Dawla. In the event, Adud al-Dawla bowed to pressure by his father, the senior Buyid emir
390:. When the coup happened, al-Muti' left Baghdad along with the expelled members of the Buyid clan, but Sabuktakin forced him back and confined him to his palace. Al-Muti' was induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext, and was replaced by his oldest son, Abu Bakr Abd al-Karim, as Caliph al-Ta'i' li'llah on 5 August 974 (13
420:, one of the principal gates to the caliphal palace complex. The historian Heribert Busse however points out that al-Ta'i' managed to maintain his office for sixteen years in a very turbulent time, involving no fewer than six regime changes in Baghdad, and credits him with political acumen and flexibility.
719:
Al-Ta'i' had had strained relations with his cousin: in 988, the latter's half-sister, apparently motivated by an inheritance dispute, reported him as seeking to replace al-Ta'i' as caliph. To escape capture, Ahmad went into hiding for a while, before seeking refuge with the governor of the swamps of
576:", a conception entirely alien to al-Ta'i's worldview. Perhaps obliged to acquiesce to caliphal slights in order to secure recognition of his rule over Iraq, Adud al-Dawla initially treated al-Ta'i' with deference, restoring him all his privileges and paying for the renovation of the caliphal palace.
723:
Al-Ta'i' remained under arrest until
September 992, when he was allowed to move to the caliphal palace. Despite their previous differences, al-Qadir treated him well. Al-Ta'i' was not blinded, as had been the case for previous deposed caliphs, and he was accorded treatment due to a reigning caliph.
711:
381 AH), under the pretext of an audience, Baha al-Dawla's men seized the caliph. While the caliphal palace was plundered, the caliph was wrapped in a robe and brought to the emir's residence, where he was placed under arrest. He was succeeded by his cousin Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad, who took the throne as
530:
independent. Al-Ta'i' seized the opportunity to deepen the rift between the two cousins by conceding to the ambitious Izz al-Dawla high privileges that made him the co-equal of Adud al-Dawla: Ibn
Baqiyya was named joint vizier of Izz al-Dawla and the caliph, Izz al-Dawla's titles were extended, and
626:
has it, that the offspring of this union would one day unite the
Abbasid caliphate with the Buyid kingship, it was not to be. Al-Ta'i' saw this marriage at worst as forced upon him, and at best as a token of distinction and condescension towards the Buyid emir, and resolutely refused to consummate
475:
At any rate, al-Ta'i' was soon able to recover his position at least somewhat, making use of the Buyids' quarrels and their need for legitimacy: in
Baghdad, Adud al-Dawla deposed his cousin and assumed rule of the city. Leaving Tikrit, al-Ta'i' returned to Baghdad, where Adud al-Dawla received him
621:
When Adud al-Dawla returned to
Baghdad in 980, following his eastern campaigns, al-Ta'i' in person led the Buyid emir into the city; an unprecedented event, but, as Bosworth comments, "once again the caliph seems to have failed to appreciate the significance of the ceremony in which he was taking
672:
The Buyid quarrels offered opportunities for al-Ta'i': the officials ousted by Adud al-Dawla were reinstated, and the danger of Iraq's permanent relegation to a province ruled from elsewhere was ended for now, as it once again became a separate political unit under one of the Buyid emirs. Samsam
535:, and sent a letter proposing peace to Adud al-Dawla. When this was rejected and Adud al-Dawla marched on his cousin, in a symbolic assertion of his independence, the caliph left the camp and returned to Baghdad. Adud al-Dawla defeated Izz al-Dawla in July 977, entering Baghdad on 23 December.
695:. Al-Ta'i' recognized the succession, and invested Baha al-Dawla with the title of Diya al-Milla. Baha al-Dawla was quickly attacked by Fakhr al-Dawla, but the two Buyid emirs quickly came to terms—again with the caliph as arbiter—recognizing each other as rulers over their respective realms.
559:
protocol, and that made it appear to the Buyid's companions as if Adud al-Dawla had been crowned king by the caliph. It is unclear whether al-Ta'i' was aware of the significance of these changes. Al-Ta'i' also agreed to accompany Adud al-Dawla in his campaign that defeated the remnants of Izz
405:
Like his father, al-Ta'i' is considered by medieval and modern historians alike to have been a powerless figurehead, limited to appending his name to certificates of appointment and official correspondence, with others holding the real power. He played no role even in the numerous religious
531:
finally, the caliph himself married a daughter of the Buyid emir. Offended and challenged in his authority as successor of Rukn al-Dawla, Adud al-Dawla moved against his cousin. After a suitable delay likely meant to demonstrate his independence, al-Ta'i' joined Izz al-Dawla at his camp at
464:, before they fled to Syria, while the Buyids entered Baghdad. Al-Ta'i's position under the Turks is unclear. He sent letters to Izz al-Dawla berating him of his errors and omissions as governor, but in later public letters he cursed them and claimed that he had been using dissimulation (
506:
Following Adud al-Dawla's departure, Izz al-Dawla tried to consolidate his regime and gather allies against his cousin's hegemonic ambitions. This effort was also in al-Ta'i's interests, and included the awarding by the caliph of several honorific titles with the suffix
618:. Iraq was thus effectively reduced to a regular province of the Buyid empire, governed from a new imperial centre. Adud al-Dawla even usurped the last remaining, symbolic aspects of the caliph's office, namely the nomination of officials and governors in his name.
277:, and as a result is generally considered a powerless figurehead under the thumb of the Buyid emirs. His tenure was also marked by strife between rival Buyid rulers and the frequent change of hands of Baghdad: al-Ta'i' himself was raised to the throne by a rebel
472:) in apparently siding with them. Thus historian John Donohue writes of the "brief six months of independence that the caliphate enjoyed under the Turk rebels", while Heribert Busse writes of the caliph as being virtually the prisoner of the Turks.
743:
refused to recognize the succession until 999/1000, continuing to use al-Ta'i's name in the Friday prayer and on coins until then. Furthermore, a relative of the deposed caliph, Abdallah ibn Ja'far, managed to escape custody in
Baghdad and fled to
567:
As the coronation episode reveals, Adud al-Dawla, and the Buyids generally, relied increasingly on pre-Islamic
Persian traditions, ceremonies, and titles to bolster their position and claim an independent source of legitimacy. According to
356:
beliefs, the Buyids nevertheless decided to retain the
Abbasid caliphs out of expediency, and to provide them legitimacy in the eyes of the other Muslim rulers. In practice, however, al-Muti' was a puppet of the ruling Buyid emir of
622:
part". In a further move to bind the caliph closer to himself, in the second half of 980, Adud al-Dawla arranged for the marriage of one of his daughters with al-Ta'i'. If Adud al-Dawla may have hoped, as the contemporary historian
655:, refused to accept this and seized Fars, thus limiting Samsam al-Dawla to Iraq, but even there the latter faced challengers: Upper Mesopotamia was lost to the Kurd Badh, while two younger sons of Adud al-Dawla held Khuzistan and
720:
Bathihah near Basra, Muhadhdhib al-Dawla, for about three years. From there, Ahmad plotted against al-Ta'i', harping on his own loyalty to the Buyids, and drawing contrast to the fact that al-Ta'i' had been installed by a Turk.
602:, and other senior members of the Baghdad court. The dismissal of Ibn Ma'ruf in particular was a violation of the main remaining prerogative of the caliph under Buyid rule, namely the appointment of the chief
289:. During periods of such strife, al-Ta'i' was able to exert some measure of political independence, but under stronger rulers he was sidelined, and was obliged to marry the daughters of the emirs
691:
Sharaf al-Dawla's ascendancy was brief, as he died at
Baghdad on 7 September 988. As his two sons were underage, he was succeeded by his younger brother Abu Nasr Firuz, with the regnal name of
2451:
643:
Adud al-Dawla died on 26 March 983 at the age of 49, leaving behind a large but unconsolidated empire, and an unregulated succession. Initially, the Buyid commanders gave the
688:
and Turks in
Baghdad as a pretext, he marched on the city, captured and imprisoned his brother in January 987, and was invested by the caliph as chief emir in May 987.
599:
365:
years and four months, in stark contrast to his short-lived predecessors, and unlike them had to contend with remarkably few rival pretenders to the caliphate.
526:
When Rukn al-Dawla died in September 976, Adud al-Dawla seized control of the eastern half of the Buyid realm, while Izz al-Dawla in Iraq made himself
2016:
627:
it. This led to the final breach between al-Ta'i' and Adud al-Dawla, who introduced the provocative, Persian-derived and entirely un-Islamic title of
748:, where he persuaded the local ruler that he was indeed al-Ta'i'. Only after Baghdad found out about this pretender was his true identity revealed.
2441:
757:
2186:
651:. Al-Ta'i' recognized the succession, investing Samsam al-Dawla with the title of Shams al-Milla. Adud al-Dawla's oldest son, Shirdil, known as
2426:
2386:
2349:
1916:
1851:
1824:
1800:
1758:
1708:
811:
440:. Before long, Sabuktakin, accompanied by al-Ta'i' and al-Muti', marched on Wasit, where the Buyid forces under Izz al-Dawla and his cousin,
728:, at a mausoleum he had erected across from the tombs of his father, al-Muti', and of his great-grandmother, the mother of al-Muqtadir,
573:
781:"The Role of Women in the Būyid and Saljūq Periods of the Abbasid Caliphate (339-447/9501055&447-547/1055-1152): The Case of Iraq"
1779:
1731:
1681:
361:. A positive corollary of this subservience was that it brought stability to the caliphal throne: al-Muti' reigned as caliph for 29
2431:
1843:
1750:
677:', and the disunity of the Buyids would allow the caliph to play a political role as arbiter between the quarreling emirs. In
2446:
2009:
704:
587:
were defeated though, Adud al-Dawla launched a purge against the caliph's immediate environment, imprisoning the vizier
2436:
735:
Al-Ta'i's deposition had a long denouement: considering al-Qadir a puppet of the Buyids, the eastern dynasties of the
1861:
703:
Bereft of money with which to pay his army, the Buyid emir followed the advice of the powerful head of the chancery,
2145:
1894:
1673:
488:
1885:
674:
45:
549:
by al-Ta'i', with extensive new honours: he was awarded a crown and jewel-studded necklace, given the honorific
2002:
54:
2324:
2309:
2025:
1972:
2334:
1659:
572:, the Buyid ruler aimed at "a division of power between the caliphate and the monarchy, equivalent to the
2284:
2231:
406:
controversies of his day, and little is known about his activities other than his often conducting the
806:. Edinburgh Studies in Classical Islamic History and Culture. Edinburgh University Press. p. 85.
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2354:
2078:
588:
2416:
250:
1889:
1816:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
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1976:
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1727:
1704:
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807:
584:
170:
81:
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1904:
1877:
1692:
362:
334:
1771:
The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future
313:. He spent the rest of his days, until his death in 1003, confined to the caliphal palace.
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1934:
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182:
41:
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780:
673:
al-Dawla reverted, at least formally, to making all appointments 'on the command of the
301:
models for legitimacy, and relegated Iraq to the status of a simple province ruled from
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2236:
2129:
2124:
2109:
2089:
1881:
1865:
1655:
660:
569:
379:
278:
460:. The Turks were defeated in January 975 near the Diyala River, and withdrew north to
2410:
2201:
2114:
2099:
1908:
707:, to depose al-Ta'i' in order to seize the caliphal treasury. On 22 November 991 (12
692:
615:
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of Iraq were left vacant, and substituted by those for the Buyid capital province of
493:
477:
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441:
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358:
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306:
302:
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274:
267:
143:
67:
341:, and he had a prominent nose, which became the object of satire by contemporaries.
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Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate
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1965:
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659:. In the eastern territories of the Buyid empire, at the same time, their uncle
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
740:
685:
630:
480:, to withdraw and allow Iraq to remain a separate emirate under Izz al-Dawla.
399:
383:
282:
59:
297:. Al-Ta'i's status suffered under Adud al-Dawla in particular, who turned to
266:
from 974 to his deposition in 991. He was in office during the domination of
2094:
2052:
2047:
623:
532:
448:, gathered. Sabuktakin died on the way, and was succeeded by another Turkic
411:
17:
644:
2226:
2181:
2151:
2057:
1986:
736:
713:
580:
510:
457:
353:
338:
310:
271:
109:
2156:
2072:
2062:
2037:
729:
708:
467:
322:
263:
177:
130:
1275:
1273:
398:). This was the first father-to-son succession of the caliphate since
2260:
2033:
1703:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 265–269.
516:
461:
451:
259:
77:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
2399:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
2264:
1994:
1701:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/3: Azerbaijan IV–Bačča(-ye) Saqqā
745:
656:
487:
432:
230:
63:
724:
Al-Ta'i' died at the palace on 3 August 1003, and was buried in
608:
of Baghdad and Iraq. The posts of both the vizier and the chief
594:
1998:
1840:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 24 (Kāânî-i Şîrâzî – Kastamonu)
663:
laid claim to Adud al-Dawla's succession, claiming the tile of
337:
origin, called Utb. As an adult, al-Ta'i's face was marked by
1795:. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
664:
628:
423:
The new caliph promptly named Sabuktakin as the chief emir (
1747:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 39 (Şeri̇f Paşa – Tanzanya)
804:
Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661-1257
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to Adud al-Dawla's second son, Marzuban, under the name of
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Chalif und Grosskönig - Die Buyiden im Irak (945-1055)
1635:
1633:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1555:
1553:
1248:
1246:
1724:
Caliph and Great King - The Buyids in Iraq (945-1055)
609:
603:
592:
550:
544:
543:
In a formal ceremony, Adud al-Dawla was invested as
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465:
449:
435:
424:
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2032:
872:
206:
198:
188:
176:
159:
149:
136:
119:
115:
105:
95:
87:
75:
32:
515:to regional potentates, as well as Izz al-Dawla's
635:('King of Kings') into his coinage even in Iraq.
1846:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 127–128.
1753:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 447–448.
1279:
574:mediaeval European theories of church and empire
348:in 946, following the capture of Baghdad by the
386:seized control of Baghdad from the Buyid ruler
321:Abd al-Karim, the future al-Ta'i', was born in
255:'He Who Obeys God's Command'), was the
564:in May 978, whereupon he returned to Baghdad.
2010:
305:. Al-Ta'i' was deposed on 22 November 991 by
8:
2452:Prisoners and detainees of the Buyid dynasty
229:; 932 – 3 August 1003), better known by his
1726:] (in German). Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
496:and the other states of the Middle East in
2017:
2003:
1995:
1925:
1895:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
783:. University of Exeter. pp. 57, 58–59
29:
1600:
779:Rudainy, Al; Saud, Reem (June 12, 2015).
1693:"ʿAŻOD-AL-DAWLA, ABŪ ŠOJĀʾ FANNĀ ḴOSROW"
1532:
1453:
1441:
1393:
1318:
1291:
1237:
1225:
1213:
889:
845:
344:His father came to the throne as caliph
1354:
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1102:
1087:
1063:
976:
949:
937:
925:
901:
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758:Timeline of 10th-century Muslim history
27:Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 974–991)
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1075:
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1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
961:
913:
140:3 August 1003 (aged 73–74)
7:
1903:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 115.
1819:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
1691:Bürgel, Ch.; Mottahedeh, R. (1988).
245:
226:
70:, in the name of al-Ta'i' as caliph
219:Abu Bakr ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn al-Faḍl
25:
1834:Küçükaşcı, Mustafa Sabri (2001).
1909:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7323
639:Under Adud al-Dawla's successors
579:As soon as Izz al-Dawla and his
309:, and replaced with his cousin,
285:, who deposed al-Ta'i's father,
53:
873:Zetterstéen & Bosworth 2000
414:mosque, and his rebuilding the
2442:People under the Buyid dynasty
329:prince al-Fadl, son of Caliph
91:5 August 974 – 22 November 991
1:
678:
497:
352:. While themselves espousing
123:
2427:10th-century Abbasid caliphs
1774:. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
1280:Bürgel & Mottahedeh 1988
665:
629:
705:Abu'l-Hasan ibn al-Mu'allim
610:
604:
593:
551:
545:
509:
466:
450:
436:
425:
416:
227:أبو بكر عبد الكريم بن الفضل
2468:
1844:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1751:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1674:Cambridge University Press
1189:, pp. 51–52, 58, 144.
638:
2397:
1983:
1970:
1962:
1955:
1928:
1768:Donohue, John J. (2003).
1718:Busse, Heribert (2004) .
699:Deposition and succession
675:Commander of the Faithful
325:in 929 as the son of the
52:
46:Commander of the Faithful
39:
1870:"al- Ṭāʾiʿ Li-Amr Allāh"
1842:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
1749:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
1741:Demircan, Adnan (2010).
1129:, pp. 48, 144, 151.
2432:Sons of Abbasid caliphs
2146:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
1789:Hanne, Eric J. (2007).
1660:"Iran under the Buyids"
1267:, pp. 52, 58, 144.
991:, pp. 44, 143–144.
1516:, pp. 65–66, 136.
1165:, pp. 47–49, 251.
1078:, pp. 44–45, 144.
802:El-Azhari, T. (2019).
503:
1141:, pp. 44–46, 48.
904:, pp. 13–15, 18.
560:al-Dawla's forces at
491:
378:On 1 August 974, the
333:, and a concubine of
317:Origin and early life
2447:10th century in Iraq
2079:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
1676:. pp. 250–305.
928:, pp. 216, 239.
1615:, pp. 157–159.
1574:, pp. 69, 304.
1456:, pp. 289–291.
1420:, pp. 60, 176.
1381:, pp. 135–136.
1345:, pp. 59, 136.
1306:, pp. 174–179.
1294:, pp. 274–277.
1282:, pp. 265–269.
1228:, pp. 275–276.
1090:, pp. 271–272.
1015:, pp. 137–138.
964:, pp. 143–144.
952:, pp. 18, 263.
916:, pp. 27, 153.
539:Under Adud al-Dawla
492:The domains of the
299:pre-Islamic Persian
2437:Dethroned monarchs
1957:Sunni Islam titles
1862:Zetterstéen, K. V.
1177:, pp. 49, 51.
645:oath of allegiance
504:
484:Under Izz al-Dawla
374:Rise to the throne
2404:
2403:
2380:al-Mutawakkil III
2370:al-Mutawakkil III
1993:
1992:
1984:Succeeded by
1977:Abbasid Caliphate
1918:978-90-04-11211-7
1853:978-975-389-451-7
1826:978-0-582-40525-7
1802:978-0-8386-4113-2
1760:978-975-389-632-0
1710:978-0-71009-115-4
1492:, pp. 68–69.
1408:, pp. 59–60.
1333:, pp. 58–59.
1039:, pp. 47–48.
813:978-1-4744-2319-9
585:Upper Mesopotamia
254:
216:
215:
82:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
2459:
2387:Ottoman conquest
2360:al-Mutawakkil II
2019:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1963:Preceded by
1951:
1944:
1926:
1922:
1890:Heinrichs, W. P.
1857:
1830:
1806:
1785:
1764:
1737:
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1697:Yarshater, Ehsan
1687:
1664:Frye, Richard N.
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1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
876:
870:
849:
843:
818:
817:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
776:
683:
680:
668:
634:
613:
607:
598:
554:
548:
514:
502:
499:
471:
455:
439:
430:
419:
249:
247:
246:الطائع لله\بالله
234:al-Ṭāʾiʿ liʾllāh
228:
163:Shah Zanan bint
128:
125:
57:
33:al-Ṭāʾiʿ liʾllāh
30:
21:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2330:al-Mutawakkil I
2315:al-Mutawakkil I
2305:al-Mutawakkil I
2275:al-Mustansir II
2267:
2255:
2249:Mongol conquest
2068:Harun al-Rashid
2040:
2028:
2026:Abbasid Caliphs
2023:
1989:
1980:
1968:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:Abbasid dynasty
1931:
1919:
1882:Bosworth, C. E.
1866:Bosworth, C. E.
1860:
1854:
1833:
1827:
1809:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1740:
1734:
1717:
1711:
1690:
1684:
1656:Bosworth, C. E.
1654:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
968:
960:
956:
948:
944:
936:
932:
924:
920:
912:
908:
900:
896:
888:
879:
871:
852:
844:
821:
814:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
778:
777:
770:
766:
754:
701:
681:
653:Sharaf al-Dawla
649:Samsam al-Dawla
641:
589:Ibrahim al-Sabi
541:
500:
486:
444:, the ruler of
433:honorific title
376:
371:
319:
168:
155:
141:
129:
126:
71:
44:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:al-Mustakfi II
2342:
2340:al-Mu'tadid II
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2239:
2237:al-Mustansir I
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1886:van Donzel, E.
1874:Bearman, P. J.
1858:
1852:
1836:"Kādir-Billâh"
1831:
1825:
1807:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1738:
1732:
1715:
1709:
1688:
1682:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1629:
1627:, p. 200.
1617:
1605:
1603:, p. 127.
1601:Küçükaşcı 2001
1593:
1576:
1564:
1549:
1537:
1535:, p. 291.
1518:
1506:
1504:, p. 147.
1494:
1482:
1480:, p. 136.
1470:
1458:
1446:
1444:, p. 289.
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1396:, p. 278.
1383:
1371:
1359:
1357:, p. 121.
1347:
1335:
1323:
1321:, p. 277.
1308:
1296:
1284:
1269:
1257:
1242:
1240:, p. 276.
1230:
1218:
1216:, p. 275.
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1153:, p. 273.
1143:
1131:
1119:
1117:, p. 144.
1107:
1105:, p. 271.
1092:
1080:
1068:
1066:, p. 224.
1053:
1041:
1029:
1027:, p. 191.
1017:
1005:
1003:, p. 153.
993:
981:
979:, p. 270.
966:
954:
942:
940:, p. 266.
930:
918:
906:
894:
892:, p. 448.
877:
875:, p. 115.
850:
848:, p. 447.
819:
812:
794:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
753:
750:
700:
697:
661:Fakhr al-Dawla
640:
637:
570:C. E. Bosworth
540:
537:
485:
482:
437:Nasir al-Dawla
375:
372:
370:
367:
318:
315:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
171:'Adud al-Dawla
161:
157:
156:
153:
151:
147:
146:
138:
134:
133:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
73:
72:
58:
50:
49:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2464:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:al-Mu'tadid I
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:al-Mustakfi I
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:al-Mustarshid
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:al-Mutawakkil
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:3 August 1003
1949:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:Bianquis, Th.
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1811:Kennedy, Hugh
1808:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1781:90-04-12860-3
1777:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:"Tâi'-Lillâh"
1739:
1735:
1733:3-89913-005-7
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1683:0-521-20093-8
1679:
1675:
1672:. Cambridge:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1642:, p. 70.
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1591:, p. 69.
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:, p. 67.
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:, p. 66.
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:Bosworth 1975
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1468:, p. 68.
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:Bosworth 1975
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:Bosworth 1975
1438:
1435:
1432:, p. 61.
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:Bosworth 1975
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:, p. 59.
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:Bosworth 1975
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:Bosworth 1975
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1255:, p. 58.
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Bosworth 1975
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:Bosworth 1975
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:Bosworth 1975
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:, p. 52.
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1051:, p. 44.
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
958:
955:
951:
946:
943:
939:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
915:
910:
907:
903:
898:
895:
891:
890:Demircan 2010
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:Demircan 2010
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
820:
815:
809:
805:
798:
795:
782:
775:
773:
769:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
747:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
721:
717:
715:
710:
706:
698:
696:
694:
693:Baha al-Dawla
689:
687:
676:
670:
669:for himself.
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
636:
633:
632:
625:
619:
617:
612:
606:
601:
597:
596:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
565:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:amir al-umara
538:
536:
534:
529:
524:
522:
518:
513:
512:
495:
494:Buyid dynasty
490:
483:
481:
479:
478:Rukn al-Dawla
473:
470:
469:
463:
459:
454:
453:
447:
443:
442:Adud al-Dawla
438:
434:
429:
428:
427:amir al-umara
421:
418:
413:
409:
408:Friday prayer
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
368:
366:
364:
360:
355:
351:
350:Buyid dynasty
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
312:
308:
307:Baha al-Dawla
304:
300:
296:
295:Adud al-Dawla
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Buyid dynasty
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
252:
243:
239:
235:
232:
224:
220:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
179:
175:
172:
166:
162:
158:
152:
148:
145:
139:
135:
132:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
74:
69:
68:Adud al-Dawla
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2384:
2375:al-Mustamsik
2365:al-Mustamsik
2355:al-Mustanjid
2325:al-Musta'sim
2320:al-Wathiq II
2310:al-Musta'sim
2246:
2242:al-Musta'sim
2217:al-Mustanjid
2197:al-Mustazhir
2176:
2144:
2077:
1971:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1900:
1893:
1839:
1815:
1791:
1770:
1746:
1723:
1719:
1700:
1668:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1567:
1540:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1374:
1362:
1355:Donohue 2003
1350:
1338:
1326:
1299:
1287:
1260:
1233:
1221:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1151:Donohue 2003
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1103:Donohue 2003
1088:Donohue 2003
1083:
1071:
1064:Kennedy 2004
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
977:Donohue 2003
957:
950:Donohue 2003
945:
938:Donohue 2003
933:
926:Kennedy 2004
921:
909:
902:Donohue 2003
897:
803:
797:
785:. Retrieved
734:
722:
718:
702:
690:
671:
642:
620:
591:, the chief
578:
566:
552:Taj al-Milla
542:
527:
525:
505:
474:
431:), with the
422:
417:Bab al-hassa
404:
392:Dhu'l-Qa'dah
388:Izz al-Dawla
377:
343:
320:
291:Izz al-Dawla
237:
233:
218:
217:
165:Izz al-Dawla
40:
18:Al-Ta'i
2422:1003 deaths
2335:al-Musta'in
2295:al-Hakim II
2290:al-Wathiq I
2268:(1261–1517)
2167:al-Mustakfi
2140:al-Muqtadir
2130:al-Mu'tadid
2125:al-Mu'tamid
2110:al-Musta'in
2105:al-Muntasir
2090:al-Mu'tasim
521:Ibn Baqiyya
331:al-Muqtadir
231:regnal name
211:Sunni Islam
96:Predecessor
2417:929 births
2411:Categories
2280:al-Hakim I
2222:al-Mustadi
2212:al-Muqtafi
2192:al-Muqtadi
2162:al-Muttaqi
2135:al-Muktafi
2120:al-Muhtadi
2115:al-Mu'tazz
2041:(749–1258)
1981:974 – 991
1640:Busse 2004
1625:Busse 2004
1613:Busse 2004
1589:Busse 2004
1572:Busse 2004
1560:Busse 2004
1545:Busse 2004
1514:Busse 2004
1502:Busse 2004
1490:Busse 2004
1478:Busse 2004
1466:Busse 2004
1430:Busse 2004
1418:Busse 2004
1406:Busse 2004
1379:Busse 2004
1367:Busse 2004
1343:Busse 2004
1331:Busse 2004
1304:Busse 2004
1265:Busse 2004
1253:Busse 2004
1199:Busse 2004
1187:Busse 2004
1175:Busse 2004
1163:Busse 2004
1139:Busse 2004
1127:Busse 2004
1115:Busse 2004
1076:Busse 2004
1049:Busse 2004
1037:Busse 2004
1025:Busse 2004
1013:Busse 2004
1001:Busse 2004
989:Busse 2004
962:Busse 2004
914:Busse 2004
764:References
741:Ghaznavids
686:Daylamites
682: 985
666:shahanshah
631:shahanshah
600:Ibn Ma'ruf
583:allies in
501: 970
400:al-Muktafi
384:Sabuktakin
283:Sabuktakin
127: 929
60:Gold dinar
35:الطائع لله
2207:al-Rashid
2095:al-Wathiq
2085:al-Ma'mun
2053:al-Mansur
2048:al-Saffah
1899:Volume X:
787:April 14,
624:Miskawayh
533:Khuzistan
412:Kadhimayn
369:Caliphate
281:general,
142:Baghdad,
106:Successor
2350:al-Qa'im
2232:al-Zahir
2227:al-Nasir
2187:al-Qa'im
2182:al-Qadir
2177:al-Ta'i'
2172:al-Muti'
2152:al-Qahir
2058:al-Mahdi
1987:al-Qadir
1966:al-Muti'
1930:al-Ta'i'
1892:(eds.).
1868:(2000).
1813:(2004).
1658:(1975).
752:See also
737:Samanids
714:al-Qadir
581:Hamdanid
528:de facto
511:al-Dawla
458:Alptakin
402:in 902.
382:general
346:al-Muti'
339:smallpox
311:al-Qadir
287:al-Muti'
207:Religion
193:al-Muti'
167:(m. 977)
110:al-Qadir
100:al-Muti'
2261:Caliphs
2157:al-Radi
2073:al-Amin
2063:al-Hadi
2038:Baghdad
2034:Caliphs
1975:of the
1699:(ed.).
1666:(ed.).
1649:Sources
730:Shaghab
709:Ramadan
562:Samarra
557:Persian
468:taqiyya
410:at the
327:Abbasid
323:Baghdad
270:by the
264:Baghdad
257:Abbasid
253:
238:biʾllāh
183:Abbasid
178:Dynasty
154:Baghdad
131:Baghdad
80:of the
62:of the
1973:Caliph
1946:
1915:
1888:&
1864:&
1850:
1823:
1799:
1778:
1757:
1730:
1707:
1680:
810:
726:Rusafa
517:vizier
462:Tikrit
452:ghulam
380:Turkic
279:Turkic
260:caliph
242:Arabic
223:Arabic
199:Mother
189:Father
160:Spouse
150:Burial
78:Caliph
66:ruler
42:Caliph
2265:Cairo
1948:Died:
1941:Born:
1872:. In
1722:[
1695:. In
1662:. In
746:Gilan
657:Basra
363:Hijri
354:Shi'a
335:Greek
272:Shi'a
169:Bint
88:Reign
76:24th
64:Buyid
1913:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1797:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1678:ISBN
808:ISBN
789:2024
739:and
616:Fars
611:qadi
605:qadi
595:qadi
446:Fars
394:363
359:Iraq
303:Fars
293:and
268:Iraq
251:lit.
144:Iraq
137:Died
120:Born
2263:of
2036:of
1943:929
1905:doi
1901:T–U
262:of
202:Utb
2413::
1911:.
1897:.
1884:;
1880:;
1876:;
1838:.
1745:.
1632:^
1579:^
1552:^
1521:^
1386:^
1311:^
1272:^
1245:^
1206:^
1095:^
1056:^
969:^
880:^
853:^
822:^
771:^
732:.
716:.
679:c.
523:.
519:,
498:c.
456:,
396:AH
248:,
244::
225::
124:c.
2389:)
2385:(
2251:)
2247:(
2018:e
2011:t
2004:v
1921:.
1907::
1856:.
1829:.
1805:.
1784:.
1763:.
1736:.
1713:.
1686:.
816:.
791:.
240:(
236:/
221:(
20:)
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