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292:. Iron Age finds at Bithnah include buildings and structures that appear to have a religious function, together with finds of snake-decorated ceramics and incense burners, with columned halls and signs of a water distribution strategy tied to centralised authority. The link between snakes and water, evidence of funerary rites and snake worship, is strong.
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attempted to fight their way through the Wadi Ham to take the east coast and its great prize, the port of Sohar. This was to mark a new era in the history of the area: the drawn-out battle between the Saidi Omanis against the
Qawasim of Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah, and other tribes of the West coast
277:, and directed in the field by Pierre Corboud, the SLFA team conducted several seasons of survey in the mountainous inland area of Fujairah, including the excavations at Bithnah, where a communal Wadi Suq era grave site was uncovered as well as a number of
359:
In 1884, Sheikh Hamad bin
Abdullah Al Sharqi took Bithnah Fort, control of which was to be essential for him when, in 1901, he once again refused the suzerainty of Sharjah and used the fort at Bithnah to refuse aid to the headman of
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under Ali Bin
Ibrahim and Zaid Sinan Kumazari, the Sharqiyin drove the Qawasim out of Bithnah in 1902. This event sealed the de facto independence of Fujairah which was not, however, recognised by the British until 1952.
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Archaeological Survey of
Fujairah, 3 (1993): Preliminary Report of the 1993 Campaign of the Archaeological Survey of Fujairah (United Arab Emirates), Volume 3
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By the turn of the 20th century, Bithnah was a village consisting of some 50 houses of
Sharqiyin origin, with some 600 sheep and goats and 4,000 date palms.
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tomb at
Bithnah was first excavated by the Swiss-Liechtenstein Foundation for Archaeological Research Abroad (SLFA) between 1987 and 1991. Presided over by
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Before the construction of the road to Masafi in the 1970s, traffic through to the interior from the coast passed through the bed of the
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incursions of the early 1800s following the Battle of
Bithnah. The fort is constructed from stone, mudbrick, and palm-wood planking.
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Bithnah was the site of a significant battle in 1745, according to the historian Ibn Ruzaiq, between members of the
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Ziolowski & Al Sharqi (May 2009). "Tales from the old guards: Bithnah Fort, Fujairah, United Arab
Emirates".
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Honour is in contentment : life before oil in Ras al-Khaimah (UAE) and some neighbouring regions
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Bithnah Fort is thought to date back to the late 18th century, having been built as a result of the
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453:"An Iron Age II snake cult in the Oman peninsula: evidence from Bithnah (Emirate of Fujairah)"
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Before 2009, the fort was inhabited by a local man from
Bithnah, Saed Ali Saed Al Yamahi.
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411:. Berne: Swiss-Liechtenstein Foundation for Archaeological Research Abroad, 1994.
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Significant Iron Age finds have been made throughout the area, including several
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from the East Coast emirate of
Fujairah through Masafi (itself part of
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View of Al Bithnah from Sheikh Maktoum Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Road.
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finds. There have also been excavations by teams from the
571:. Lancaster, Fidelity. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 327.
235:. It has traditionally been inhabited by members of the
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Buildings and structures completed in the 18th century
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Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia
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Buildings and structures in the Emirate of Fujairah
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184:(UAE), long occupying a strategic location in the
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620:From Trucial States To United Arab Emirates
356:through the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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554:. British Government, Bombay. p. 782.
509:. British Government, Bombay. p. 618.
307:tribes and the Omani Imam and governor of
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285:and the French National Research Centre.
492:History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman
840:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
494:. UK: Darf Publishers Ltd. p. 166.
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27:Place in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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507:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Vol II
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820:Villages in the United Arab Emirates
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430:University of Geneva Campus Magazine
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249:Iron Age in the United Arab Emirates
825:18th-century establishments in Asia
253:History of the United Arab Emirates
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565:Lancaster, William, 1938- (2011).
396:. Government of India. p. 60.
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525:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
457:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
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552:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
622:. UK: Longman. p. 296.
432:. University of Geneva. 1996
223:down to the desert town of
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451:Benoist, Anne (May 2007).
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407:Corboud, Pierre (1994).
550:Lorimer, John (1915).
505:Lorimer, John (1915).
392:Lorimer, John (1906).
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99:25.18889°N 56.23278°E
618:Bey, Frauke (1996).
283:University of Geneva
182:United Arab Emirates
155:0 m (3 ft)
127:United Arab Emirates
490:Badger, GP (1986).
271:Prince Hans-Adam II
239:(Al Sharqi) tribe.
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463:(1): 34–54.
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434:. Retrieved
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337:Bithnah Fort
323:Bithnah Fort
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233:Persian Gulf
227:and then to
209:Bithnah Fort
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190:Persian Gulf
161:
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769:Mukhtaraqah
702:Al Qurayyah
685:Settlements
436:10 February
290:petroglyphs
102: /
809:Categories
779:Mu'taridah
697:Al Bithnah
692:Al Badiyah
531:: 94–107.
376:References
247:See also:
90:56°13′58″E
87:25°11′20″N
595:cite book
587:763160662
477:0905-7196
354:Sharqiyin
301:Al Qasimi
237:Sharqiyin
192:from the
152:Elevation
794:Tayyibah
789:Sakamkam
732:Rugaylat
722:Fujairah
678:Fujairah
279:Iron Age
267:Wadi Suq
231:and the
186:Wadi Ham
178:Fujairah
146:Fujairah
744:Hafarah
727:Al Hayl
343:Wahhabi
313:Buraimi
297:Qawasim
243:History
229:Sharjah
174:village
172:) is a
162:Bithnah
134:Emirate
115:Country
68:Bithnah
34:Bithnah
774:Murbad
764:Mirbah
759:Maydaq
754:Masafi
749:Harrah
739:Habhab
707:Dhadna
626:
585:
575:
475:
366:Shihuh
303:) and
221:Manama
219:) and
205:Masafi
170:البثنة
166:Arabic
124:
42:البثنة
38:Arabic
784:Qidfa
712:Dahir
426:(PDF)
362:Kalba
309:Sohar
305:Na'im
225:Dhaid
624:ISBN
605:link
601:link
583:OCLC
573:ISBN
473:ISSN
438:2017
350:wadi
265:The
251:and
203:and
533:doi
465:doi
273:of
176:in
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597:}}
593:{{
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384:^
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299:(
164:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
