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356:, also a rival of the Emirate of Dir'iyah, had been the traditional enemy of the Qawasim over issues related to border disputes, religious differences and naval dominance in the Gulf. Al Qasimi's control of trade in the Persian Gulf area led to wars with Oman and eventually with Oman's ally, Britain, and to the Al Qasimi being labelled by the British as pirates. This led to the identification of the southern shore of the Persian Gulf as the 'Pirate Coast', although following the
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introduce some conditions of greater stringency'. Grant's response was spirited, pointing out that to have enforced extreme measures would have meant pursuing the chiefs into the interior rather than accepting their voluntary submission. This would have contravened Grant's instructions. In the end, Bombay allowed the treaty to stand.
440:
That 1820 treaty asserted, 'There shall be a cessation of plunder and piracy by land and sea on the part of the Arabs, who are parties to this contract, for ever.' It then goes on to define piracy as being any attack that is not an action of 'acknowledged war'. The 'pacificated Arabs' agreed, on land
444:
The treaty having been signed by Keir Grant and all of the
Trucial Rulers, the Government in Bombay made clear that while it was happy with Grant's management of the military expedition, it was most dissatisfied with his leniency over the coastal tribes and desired, 'if it were not too late, to
436:
in native affairs. Warden also successfully argued against a proposal to install the Sultan of Muscat as Ruler of the whole peninsula. Warden's arguments and proposals likely influenced the shape of the eventual treaty concluded with the
Sheikhs of the Gulf coast.
441:
and sea, to carry a flag being a red rectangle contained within a white border of equal width to the contained rectangle, 'with or without letters on it, at their option'. This flag was to be a symbol of peace with the
British government and each other.
421:, which sought to limit or eliminate the 'informal' Arab trade with India, and presents a number of internal communications between the Bombay Government and its officials, which shed doubt on many of the key charges made by British historian
292:
had begun appointing Qasimi governors to implement
Wahhabi religious doctrines and defend their interests. Thus, while Dir'iyah directly sought to consolidate their Arabian territories and its economic sovereignty, Qawasim acted as Wahhabi
1483:
394:. This campaign led to the signing of a peace treaty between the British and Hussan Bin Rahmah, the Al Qasimi leader. This treaty broke down in 1815 and, in 1819, the British mounted a second, altogether more
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349:, Qasimis began spreading Wahhabi doctrines across the Gulf region. They had a powerful naval force and sought to end the rising European colonial infiltration on their trade and commercial routes.
297:
for safeguarding the maritime interests of Dir'iyah in the
Persian Gulf. With the help of Wahhabis; the Qawasim emerged as a maritime power based both in Ras Al Khaimah on the Southern shore of the
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and trading ships. Following decades of incidents where
British shipping had fallen foul of the aggressive Al Qasimi, a first British expeditionary force embarked for Ras Al Khaimah in 1809, the
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At the time, the Chief
Secretary of the Government of Bombay, F. Warden, presented a minute which laid blame for the piracy on the
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Alongside their stronghold in the
Persian Gulf & Gulf of Oman the Qawasem were active both militarily and economically in the
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in south eastern Gulf region surrounding the cities of Ras al-Khaimah and
Sharjah; and faced strong rivalry with the
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1902:"'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915' [653] (796/1782)"
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Kamrava, Mehran; James
Fromherz, Allen (2020). "3: The Persian Gulf in the Pre-Protectorate Period: 1790-1853".
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The case against the Al Qasimi has been contested by the historian, author and current Ruler of Sharjah,
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Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al Qasimi (17โ23 June 1987) removed previous sheikh during coup in Sharjah
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Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi (23 June 1987 โ present) - second time ruling after being restored
277:, often referred as "Wahhabis". Embracing his ideals, Qasimis robustly championed the doctrines of the
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2041:"The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries"
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and the 1853 Perpetual Maritime Peace, the various coastal emirates in the area became known as the
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witnessed a revolutionary socio-political and religious transformation under the reformers of the
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The map shows the territories under the Qawasem rule during the late 18th and early 19th century.
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branded them as "pirates" and fought two major military campaigns against them in 1809 and 1819.
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Flag of the Al Qawasim prior to 1820. Flown after 1820 during war time only. The motto reads "
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Flag of the Al Qawasim prior to 1820. Flown after 1820 during war time only. The motto reads "
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The Al Qasimi rulers of Ras Al Khaimah (capital to 1819) and Sharjah (capital from 1820)
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1671:. 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN: Routledge. p. 21.
681:
Sheikh Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi (25 January 1972 โ 1972) - second time ruling
387:
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Beginning from 1804, there emerged a spike in Wahhabi-Qasimi naval attacks on
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at the hill top. In 1819 it was the last Al-Qasimi stronghold to fall in the
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requesting military assistance and joint religious war against the British.
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for naval domination along the Persian Gulf. Due to their allegiance to the
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These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Al-Bu, Albu, Banu.
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Burke's Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East
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2016:
The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820
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469:
461:
457:
417:, in which he argues that the charges amount to a 'casus belli' by the
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17:
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Flag of the Al Qawasim proceeding the General Maritime Treaty of 1820.
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1827:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 33, 103, 169.
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85:
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473:
366:
336:
246:
1915:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1635:"HH Sheikha Jawaher Bint Mohammed Bin Sultan Al Qassimi - Family"
2629:
1749:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 56, 169.
1710:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 56, 169.
378:. The fall of Dhayah was to pave the way for the signing of the
341:
British naval fleet attack on Ras Al Khaimah on 13 November 1809
211:
183:
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202:. They are one of the longest reigning royal families in the
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The dynasty claims to be descended from the Islamic prophet
1864:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1825:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1788:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 248.
1786:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1747:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1708:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1599:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 103.
1597:
The Emergence of the Gulf States: Studies in Modern History
1866:. 50 Bedford Square, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 34.
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influence on the Al Qasimi and the interference of the
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to regularly attend trade fairs in the large ports of
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Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi (1866 โ May 1867)
217:
Historically, the "Qawasim" were a confederation of
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133:
119:
92:
81:
63:
53:
32:
2072:ุฑุณุงูุฉ ุฒุนู
ุงุก ุงูุตูู
ุงู ุฅูู ุงูุดูุฎ ุณูุทุงู ุจู ุตูุฑ ุงููุงุณู
ู
281:in the Gulf region and became a close ally of the
2091:. London: Burke's Peerage Ltd. pp. 115โ116.
643:Sheikh Ibrahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi (1869 โ 1871)
210:as sheikhs for a century until its annexation by
206:. Historically, they also ruled over the town of
198:, today forming two of the seven emirates of the
27:Ruling royal family of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah
2344:Sultan Bin Saqr Al Qasimi (1820โ1866) (2nd time)
539:Sheikh Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi (1866โ1867)
464:, leading vessels from Ras Al Khaimah and the
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2284:
2138:
2003:. British Government, Bombay. pp. 673โ4.
1491:A victory from Allah and an imminent conquest
671:(May 1951 โ 24 June 1965) - first time ruling
460:. They had numerous commercial ties with the
253:A victory from Allah and an imminent conquest
8:
536:Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi (1820โ1866)
505:Sheikh Rahma bin Matar Al Qasimi (1722โ1760)
480:Farah Guled and Haji Ali penned a letter to
2018:. University of Exeter Press. p. 167.
1669:Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics
1656:. British Government, Bombay. p. 1547.
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313:on the Persian shore in the 19th century.
1988:. Government of Bombay. pp. 659โ660.
688:(1972 โ 17 June 1987) - first time ruling
345:With military and financial aid from the
2347:Ibrahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi 1866โ1867)
2070:Al Qasimi, Sultan bin Muhammad (1996).
1951:al-Qฤsimฤซ, Sulแนญฤn ibn Muแธฅammad (1986).
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1840:
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425:in his seminal history of the affair.
29:
2314:Matar bin Butti Al Qasimi (1731โ1747)
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1654:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf Vol II
2335:Hasan bin `Ali Al Anezi (1809โ1814)
1953:The myth of Arab piracy in the Gulf
1931:"Al-Qawฤsim | Arabian dynasty"
415:The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf
333:British campaign in the Gulf (1819)
329:British campaign in the Gulf (1809)
179:
160:
149:
657:(13 April 1914 โ 21 November 1924)
25:
1549:Photo of current Al Qasimi rulers
598:(February 1948 โ 27 October 2010)
182:and, archaically, Joasmee) is an
2445:
2402:
2257:
1498:
1482:
1426:Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
678:(24 June 1965 โ 24 January 1972)
614:
548:
45:
380:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
358:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
2113:"Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah dies"
1517:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
591:(19 July 1921 โ February 1948)
1:
2363:Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi
2247:Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi
2239:Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
2001:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
1986:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
1637:. 12 May 2014. Archived from
1455:Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
1432:Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
1420:Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
1156:Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi
1049:Abdullah bin Sultan Al Qasimi
686:Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi
676:Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
575:Humaid bin Abdullah Al Qasimi
544:List of Ras Al Khaimah rulers
411:Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
396:successful, punitive campaign
392:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
376:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
103:Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
2223:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi II
2045:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
1327:Faisal bin Sultan Al Qassimi
1320:Saqr bin Mohammad Al Qassimi
1292:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi II
1169:Muhammad bin Salim Al Qasimi
1044:Ibrahim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
662:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi II
640:(14 April 1868 โ March 1883)
596:Saqr bin Mohammad Al Qassimi
273:(Unitarian) movement led by
69:; 302 years ago
2387:Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi
2351:Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi
2311:Rahma Al Qasimi (1708โ1731)
2191:Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi
2039:Pankhurst, Richard (1965).
2014:Davies, Charles E. (1997).
1571:The Persian Gulf in History
1314:Muhammad bin Saqr Al Qasimi
1055:Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi
631:Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi
605:(27 October 2010 โ present)
561:Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi
288:By the early 19th century,
275:Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
263:. During the 18th century,
2692:
2381:Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi
2375:Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi
2357:Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
2339:Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi
2318:Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi
2215:Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi
2199:Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
2167:Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi
2085:Williamson, David (1980).
1532:Piracy in the Persian Gulf
1467:, ruler of the emirate of
1457:, ruler of the emirate of
1333:Faham bin Sultan Al Qassim
1175:Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi
1141:Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi
1062:Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
1039:Ahmad bin Sultan Al Qasimi
859:Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi
788:Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi
655:Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi
638:Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
589:Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi
582:Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi
568:Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
563:(May 1867 โ 14 April 1868)
531:Hassan bin Rahma Al Qasimi
510:Rashid bin Matar Al Qasimi
326:
323:Piracy in the Persian Gulf
320:
2638:
2462:
2400:
2369:Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi
2330:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
2324:Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi
2307:
2255:
2231:Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi
2207:Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi
2183:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
2175:Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi
2161:
1574:. Springer. p. 132.
1568:Potter, L. (2009-01-05).
1522:History of Ras Al Khaimah
1413:Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi
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1163:Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi
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941:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
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866:Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi
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827:
819:
817:
782:Rahma bin Matar Al Qasimi
755:
753:
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737:
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669:Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi
664:(21 November 1924 โ 1951)
648:Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi
624:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
524:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
517:Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi
482:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
398:against the Al Qasimi in
88:Rahma bin Matar Al-Qasimi
44:
37:
2074:(in Arabic). p. ูกูง.
1886:: CS1 maint: location (
1862:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1847:: CS1 maint: location (
1823:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1808:: CS1 maint: location (
1784:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1769:: CS1 maint: location (
1745:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1730:: CS1 maint: location (
1706:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1691:: CS1 maint: location (
1619:: CS1 maint: location (
1595:Peterson, J. E. (2016).
1449:Current Al Qasimi rulers
2393:Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi
1465:Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi
1439:Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi
603:Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi
452:and as far west as the
163:, spelled sometimes as
111:Saud bin Saqr Al-Qasimi
2332:(1803โ1809) (1st time)
1999:Lorimer, John (1915).
1984:Lorimer, John (1915).
1955:. London: Croom Helm.
1652:Lorimer, John (1915).
633:(1866 โ 14 April 1868)
610:List of Sharjah rulers
570:(14 April 1868 โ 1869)
501:
383:
342:
256:
2666:Emirati Sunni Muslims
1544:Al Qasimi Family Tree
499:
370:
340:
321:Further information:
250:
2456:United Arab Emirates
577:(1869 โ August 1900)
200:United Arab Emirates
58:United Arab Emirates
650:(March 1883 โ 1914)
476:. In the 1830s the
352:The British-allied
347:Emirate of Dir'iyah
233:Emirate of Dir'iyah
2661:House of Al Qasimi
1527:History of Sharjah
502:
434:East India Company
419:East India Company
404:William Keir Grant
384:
343:
290:Emirate of Diriyah
283:Emirate of Diriyah
257:
2676:Wahhabi dynasties
2648:
2647:
2411:
2410:
2266:
2265:
2098:978-0-85011-029-6
1873:978-1-4411-3160-7
1834:978-1-4411-3160-7
1795:978-1-4411-3160-7
1756:978-1-4411-3160-7
1717:978-1-4411-3160-7
1678:978-0-367-19373-7
1606:978-1-4411-3160-7
1581:978-0-230-61845-9
1446:
1445:
265:Arabian Peninsula
204:Arabian peninsula
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
2683:
2470:Tribal coalition
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2029:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:. Britannica.com
1927:
1921:
1913:
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2581:Bani Hadiyah
2560:
2549:Al Bu Shamis
2534:Al Bu Muhair
2107:
2087:
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2051:(1): 36โ81.
2048:
2044:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1952:
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1925:
1914:
1906:. Retrieved
1896:
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1824:
1818:
1785:
1779:
1746:
1740:
1707:
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1639:the original
1629:
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702:
613:
547:
478:Isaaq Sultan
466:Persian Gulf
450:Gulf of Aden
447:
443:
439:
427:
423:J.G. Lorimer
414:
413:in his book
408:
385:
354:Omani Empire
351:
344:
307:Bandar Abbas
299:Persian Gulf
287:
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268:
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226:Omani empire
216:
188:Persian Gulf
172:
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152:
148:
139:
107:
99:
93:Current head
2642:Arab tribes
2608:Al Bu Hamir
2452:Arab tribes
2389:(1948โ2010)
2383:(1921โ1948)
2371:(1900โ1914)
2365:(1869โ1900)
2359:(1868โ1869)
2353:(1867โ1868)
2341:(1814โ1820)
2326:(1777โ1803)
2320:(1747โ1777)
2241:(1965โ1972)
2233:(1951โ1965)
2225:(1924โ1951)
2217:(1914โ1924)
2209:(1883โ1914)
2201:(1868โ1883)
2193:(1866โ1868)
2185:(1803โ1866)
2177:(1777โ1803)
2169:(1747โ1777)
699:Family tree
626:(1803โ1866)
584:(1914โ1921)
533:(1814โ1820)
526:(1803โ1808)
519:(1777โ1803)
512:(1760โ1777)
372:Dhayah Fort
190:that rules
39:Royal house
2655:Categories
2566:Bani Qitab
2561:Al Qawasim
2377:1914โ1921)
2299:Rulers of
2153:Rulers of
1962:0709921063
1937:2018-12-05
1908:13 January
1555:References
327:See also:
295:privateers
279:Muwahhidun
270:Muwahhidun
173:Al Qawasem
171:; plural:
169:Al Qassemi
165:Al Qassimi
2598:Al Tunaij
2571:Sharqiyin
2539:Al Murrah
2519:Bani Kaab
2502:Daramikah
2492:Dahaminah
2482:Al-Balush
1882:cite book
1843:cite book
1804:cite book
1765:cite book
1726:cite book
1687:cite book
1615:cite book
214:in 1887.
153:Al Qasimi
33:Al Qasimi
2640:Part of
2603:Bani Yas
2556:Naqbiyin
2497:Dhawahir
2057:41965718
1971:12583612
1904:. qdl.qa
1511:See also
261:Muhammad
135:Style(s)
100:Sharjah:
2529:Manasir
2454:in the
2155:Sharjah
1459:Sharjah
684:Sheikh
674:Sheikh
667:Sheikh
660:Sheikh
653:Sheikh
646:Sheikh
636:Sheikh
629:Sheikh
622:Sheikh
601:Sheikh
594:Sheikh
587:Sheikh
580:Sheikh
573:Sheikh
566:Sheikh
559:Sheikh
529:Sheikh
522:Sheikh
515:Sheikh
508:Sheikh
470:Berbera
462:Somalis
458:Red Sea
456:on the
430:Wahhabi
230:Wahhabi
192:Sharjah
180:ุงูููุงุณู
161:ุงูููุงุณู
82:Founder
72: (
64:Founded
54:Country
18:Qawasim
2623:Mazari
2576:Shihuh
2487:Awamir
2477:Al Ali
2095:
2055:
2022:
1969:
1959:
1870:
1831:
1792:
1753:
1714:
1675:
1603:
1578:
402:under
311:Lingeh
243:Origin
235:, the
222:tribes
208:Lengeh
176:Arabic
157:Arabic
128:Sheikh
120:Titles
86:Sheikh
2618:Marar
2593:Sudan
2544:Na'im
2524:Kunud
2514:Habus
2053:JSTOR
1471:, UAE
1461:, UAE
474:Zeila
454:Mocha
303:Qishm
219:Sunni
2630:Zaab
2509:Duru
2093:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1967:OCLC
1957:ISBN
1910:2014
1888:link
1868:ISBN
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1829:ISBN
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1790:ISBN
1771:link
1751:ISBN
1732:link
1712:ISBN
1693:link
1673:ISBN
1621:link
1601:ISBN
1576:ISBN
472:and
331:and
309:and
301:and
212:Iran
194:and
184:Arab
124:Emir
74:1722
67:1722
484:of
167:or
150:The
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