902:. . . Epstein's Mindshift conference – a TED Talk rival co-founded with Al Seckel. As befits a suitor for arguably the strangest family in the world, Seckel socialised with the likes of Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, Elon Musk and Dudley Moore, and convinced many people that he was a cognitive neuroscientist with ties to Cal Tech. In fact, he was a top-notch charlatan who had failed to graduate from college – but he delighted in delivering TED Talks and publishing books on the science of visual illusions.
25:
94:
1502:
After the Crick papers passed out of reach, Mr. Norman decided to put the collection up for auction at
Christie's. According to an article in Nature in 2003, Mr. Seckel objected to the sale, saying he had promised the sellers that their collections of papers would not be broken up, and said he would
597:
database. Oppenheimer reported that Seckel cultivated a false image, both with personal contacts and within the media, of himself as a graduate from
Cornell with degrees in physics and math, as an affiliate of and candidate for doctoral degrees at Caltech, and as a scientist conducting research in
388:
maker, began to manufacture plastic car ornaments with the Darwin fish in 1990, and licensed the design to
Evolution Design of Austin, Texas. When the emblem evolved into a million-dollar business, Evolution Design threatened to sue distributors of look-alike and derivative products. Seckel in turn
592:
by Mark
Oppenheimer detailed several first-person accounts from individuals who reported that Seckel still owed them money including the widow of one of his mentors, his lawyer, a graduate student, and those who had engaged in rare book deals. The article stated that there were at least 25 cases
1163:
Incidents involving Al Seckel have also proved embarrassing for CSICOP. Seckel was an official and active member of the
Committee and a founder of the Southern California Skeptics. After years of high profile activity, it was discovered that he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed.
583:) accused Seckel of failing to disclose financial information as leader of the Southern California Skeptics and misrepresenting his academic credentials. Seckel later sued McIver for libel over edits to his Knowledge (XXG) page. The suit was settled in 2007 under undisclosed terms.
546:. A lawsuit prevented the individual sale of the items by Norman. Seckel and Norman had a falling out. According to Seckel, the sale was canceled due to his extensive documentation that was brought to the attention of Christie's. Although former colleagues and associates of
400:. SCS co-sponsored and produced a monthly series of lectures, primarily held at the California Institute of Technology, with other meetings occasionally held on the campus of Cal State Fullerton, that explained alleged paranormal phenomena such as
389:
sued
Evolution Design for copyright infringement. Although Seckel produced examples of the design that predated Gilman's 1990 copyright date, the suit was settled when it was determined that Seckel and Edwards had allowed the design to fall into
663:
From approximately 2010 until 2015, Seckel lived in France. Seckel's body was reportedly found at the bottom of a cliff in July 2015 in France. As of
September 2021, his death remained unconfirmed by French authorities.
415:
534:) for rare-book dealer Jeremy Norman. At the time they were collected, the market value of the archive was unknown as many institutions did not have an interest in keeping the archives of scientists. After the
418:(CSICOP)". Author George P. Hansen, in an article published in 1992, stated that incidents involving Seckel had embarrassed CSICOP because "he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed."
1226:
1650:
1752:
1824:
1778:
965:
656:
in 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada: it was never annulled. Seckel married for a third time to Alice Klarke; the union was dissolved in 2007. Seckel became involved with
1849:
1406:
1164:
Ironically, the
Committee had previously prided itself on exposing hoaxers and con artists, but CSICOP has made no public comment on the Seckel affair.
828:
1844:
1493:
886:
618:
652:
Seckel married Laura Mullen in 1980; their daughter
Elizabeth was born in 1987. Mullen and Seckel later divorced. His second marriage was to
308:
in the 1980s, he was the co-founder and executive director of the
Southern California Skeptics. News coverage arising from his connection to
1299:
1260:
598:
conjunction with colleagues at Harvard University. Some of these inaccuracies were published in media coverage of Seckel, including in the
1338:
34:
1834:
1728:
1607:
804:
791:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
713:
700:
687:
644:
An interview between Jeffrey Epstein and Al Seckel discussing perception appeared on Epstein's science website on October 17, 2010.
67:
1006:
1687:
396:
In 1984, Seckel started the Southern California Skeptics (SCS) and became a spokesperson for science and its relationship to the
377:
1744:
372:
movement and generated a number of articles and pamphlets. He also edited two books on the English rationalist philosopher
1539:
1516:
1469:
1422:
551:
352:
1365:
490:
placed first on the American Library Association's "Top 10 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" list for 2001.
1108:
863:
1053:"A Skeptical View: Doubting Academics Waging a Flamboyant Battle to Debunk Society's Fascination With Popular Theories"
1718:
936:
448:
In 1994, he created an interactive website on illusions. He also developed visual illusion installations for museums.
1624:
1829:
1819:
993:
Berta Delgado (March 15, 1998). "Filleting their foes through a fish". The Record (Bergen County, NJ). p. L05.
594:
550:
and Crick attempted to raise the asking price of $ 3.2 million in an effort to have the collection donated to the
1177:
559:
38:
401:
341:
1405:"YALSA announces Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" (January 2001). American Library Association
1203:
1839:
1779:"Jeffrey Epstein 'Friend' Ghislaine Maxwell Has More Skeletons in Her Family Closet Than a House of Horrors"
838:
613:
In 2009, Seckel was involved in organizing a science conference with financier and convicted sex offender
1052:
1082:
514:
During the late 1990s, Seckel collected the papers of a number of early molecular biologists (including
385:
157:
1814:
1809:
1551:
498:
430:
970:
833:
471:
381:
1394:
Al Seckel, vice president of a company called IllusionWorks LLC that produces exhibits for museums
558:, with the stated aim of keeping the critical resource available to scholars by housing it at the
1651:"Ghislaine Maxwell's former famous friends are conspicuously absent - but her family has rallied"
1577:
1450:
1385:
1286:
1249:
1142:
630:
542:
in 2001 for $ 2.4 million, Norman pursued individual sale of the items in his collection through
345:
145:
1724:
1603:
1569:
1442:
1116:
800:
787:
774:
761:
748:
735:
722:
709:
696:
683:
587:
515:
442:
414:
in 1985 states that the Southern California Skeptics were "the fastest growing chapter of the
1559:
1434:
1377:
626:
622:
575:
527:
494:
475:
373:
337:
293:
1294:
1256:
653:
614:
451:
Seckel's books about optical illusions include several picture books for children such as
422:
309:
205:
1625:"Evolution debate on full display – Creation Museum in Santee, A little bit east of Eden"
570:
Seckel was sued on several occasions after disputes over rare-book investment and sales.
1688:"The Strange Saga of Jeffrey Epstein's Link to a Child Star Turned Cryptocurrency Mogul"
1555:
657:
634:
535:
325:
267:
252:
1803:
1494:"Picassos? Warhols? No, This Multimillion-Dollar Collection Stars the Science of DNA"
1389:
1115:. Vol. 106, no. 1459. Reed Business Information. June 6, 1985. p. 28.
543:
539:
410:
390:
321:
121:
1581:
1454:
1032:
1381:
638:
555:
547:
531:
483:
479:
49:
1438:
470:(2004), collects the work of many visual illusion artists, including among others
328:, a German-born pianist and classical composer. His mother was a refugee from the
408:. Seckel was the founder and executive director of SCS. An article published in
380:
design, which was first sold as a bumper sticker and on T-shirts in 1983–84 by a
324:, New York to Paul Bernard Seckel, a German-born painter and graphic artist, and
829:"The Epstein Case: Ghislaine Maxwell's Twin Sisters Have Their Own Wild Stories"
617:. The Mindshift conference took place in early 2011 on Epstein's private island
426:
405:
369:
301:
93:
523:
519:
397:
305:
292:(September 3, 1958 – 2015) was an American collector and popularizer of
1120:
1214:(6). Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal.
1573:
1446:
966:"Which came first? Copyright battle brewing over evolution of Darwin fish"
421:
The Southern California Skeptics dissolved after the late 1980s. In 1991,
312:
has stressed Seckel's misrepresentation of his education and credentials.
747:(with Rebecca Panayiotou and Tessa Rose, editors), Arcturus Books (2005)
297:
732:
Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion.
468:
Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion
416:
Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
329:
1564:
1023:
Note: This article inaccurately states that Seckel was a physicist.
554:, the collection was eventually acquired by molecular biologist J.
333:
1720:
Relentless Pursuit: My Fight for the Victims of Jeffrey Epstein
493:
He gave many lectures about such illusions, including an early
1287:"Letter in response to Schism in the Church of the Left Brain"
18:
605:
Seckel was later accused of absconding with over $ 500,000.
45:
887:"The stranger-than-fiction history of the Maxwell madhouse"
1147:
The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
1190:
Pat Linse, co-founder of the Skeptic Society in Pasadena.
1602:. New York: Little Brown and Company. pp. 233–236.
1421:
Zinder, Norton; Roberts, Richard J. (January 28, 2005).
1339:"Screen Grab; See the Spiral Spin, See Your Skin Crawl!"
637:, in addition to the actor and cryptocurrency proponent
384:
group called Atheists United. Chris Gilman, a Hollywood
348:
from 1976 to 1978 but left without receiving a degree.
1598:
Patterson, James; Connolly, John; Malloy, Tim (2016).
433:
after the Southern California Skeptics had disbanded.
797:
Optical Illusions: The Science of Visual Perception.
441:
Seckel was "a leading collector and popularizer" of
260:
248:
171:
163:
152:
141:
129:
103:
84:
1503:go to court if necessary to block the proceedings.
1416:
1414:
1083:"No Doubt About It--The Skeptics Put On Good Show"
376:. In 1983, Seckel and John Edwards co-created the
1745:"Jeffrey Epstein Talks Perception with Al Seckel"
995:(originally published in the Dallas Morning News)
1227:"All Our Yesterdays: A Remembrance of Pat Linse"
864:"Wheels go round and round, but always run down"
368:Throughout the 1980s, Seckel was active in the
857:
855:
693:Bertrand Russell on Sex, Marriage, and Morals.
930:
822:
820:
660:from 2007 until his death in France in 2015.
340:with his two brothers. Seckel graduated from
300:, who wrote books about them. Active in the
8:
1337:O'Connell, Pamela Licalzi (April 16, 1998).
1076:
1074:
1046:
1044:
959:
957:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
695:(Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1987)
682:(Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1986)
593:involving Seckel from 1992 to 2015 in the
355:, where he lived for nearly thirty years.
92:
81:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
16:American collector and skeptic (1958–2015)
1563:
581:Anti-Evolution: An Annotated Bibliography
579:article from 1994, Tom McIver (author of
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1825:American people of German-Jewish descent
1723:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 160–163.
1250:"Schism in the Church of the Left Brain"
885:Armstrong, Stephen (December 30, 2021).
874:: 193+ – via Gale General OneFile.
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1527:: 12 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
816:
1755:from the original on November 12, 2010
1649:Cawthorne, Nigel (December 10, 2021).
1204:"The Paradoxical Future of Skepticism"
1143:"CSICOP and the Skeptics: An Overview"
1038:, vol. 12 no. 4, Summer, 1988; p. 346.
320:Seckel was born September 3, 1958, in
1772:
1770:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1593:
1591:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1305:from the original on November 8, 2021
1266:from the original on November 8, 2021
680:Bertrand Russell on God and Religion.
7:
1423:"Preserving an important collection"
1323:Voss, David. "Seeing is believing."
1850:Writers from New Rochelle, New York
1686:Masters, Kim (September 18, 2019).
1392:– via Gale Academic OneFile.
1007:"Winning the West from Nostradamus"
1005:Rheinhold, Robert (April 8, 1988).
964:Lubman, Sarah (December 21, 1995).
935:Oppenheimer, Mark (July 20, 2015).
1584:– via Gale Academic OneFile.
1540:"Auction of DNA archive cancelled"
1457:– via Gale Academic OneFile.
1225:Shermer, Michael (June 22, 2021).
1141:Hansen, George P. (January 1992).
1081:Newton, Edmund (January 4, 1987).
609:Collaboration with Jeffrey Epstein
220: 2004, separated)
14:
1777:Kennedy, Dana (August 18, 2019).
1492:Nicholas Wade (August 10, 2005).
1176:Ibold, Hans (November 13, 2000).
827:Read, Bridget (August 21, 2019),
195: 1980, divorced)
1623:McIver, Tom (November 3, 1994).
1202:Loxton, Daniel (November 2009).
719:Great Book of Optical Illusions.
621:. In attendance were scientists
167:Popularizer of optical illusions
23:
1845:New Rochelle High School alumni
862:Stewart, Doug (November 1986).
425:and Pat Linse co-founded a new
217:
192:
1538:Dalton, Rex (March 13, 2003).
1382:10.1126/science.280.5367.1163c
1285:Shermer, Michael (June 2000).
1248:Smith, Scott S. (April 2000).
510:Rare book investment and sales
1:
1468:Dalton, Rex (June 14, 2001).
1439:10.1126/science.307.5709.519a
1051:Baker, Bob (April 21, 1985).
771:Impossible Optical Illusions.
706:The Art of Optical Illusions.
552:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
429:-area skeptical group called
353:Los Angeles metropolitan area
351:In 1981, Seckel moved to the
1717:Edwards, Bradley J. (2020).
1182:Los Angeles Business Journal
974:. Knight-Ridder News Service
745:Incredible Visual Illusions.
586:A 2015 profile of Seckel in
488:The Art of Optical Illusions
674:Science and the Paranormal.
296:and other types of sensory
50:conditions to do so are met
1866:
1476:. Nature Publishing Group.
834:New York Magazine: The Cut
595:Los Angeles Superior Court
336:household. He grew up in
332:. Seckel was raised in a
1515:Pincock, Stephen (2005).
1109:"Feedback in Los Angeles"
784:Stereo Optical Illusions.
758:Action Optical Illusions.
560:J. Craig Venter Institute
497:(2004) and a talk at the
240:(until 2007)
91:
1835:Jewish American atheists
1364:Kaiser, Jocelyn (1998).
1327:(1997) Vol. 275, p. 792.
1178:"L.A.'s Own Ghostbuster"
1036:, The Skeptical Inquirer
538:purchased the papers of
461:Stereo Optical Illusions
457:Action Optical Illusions
402:extra-sensory perception
342:New Rochelle High School
1749:Jeffrey Epstein Science
486:(1905–1944). His book
1692:The Hollywood Reporter
1231:Skeptic (Altadena, CA)
786:Sterling Books (2006)
773:Sterling Books (2005)
760:Sterling Books (2005)
734:Sterling Books (2004)
344:in 1976. He attended
256:(2007–2015; his death)
1517:"Venter buys history"
799:Firefly Books (2006)
721:Firefly Books (2004)
708:Carlton Books (2000)
676:SCS Publishing (1987)
566:Lawsuits and disputes
1751:. October 17, 2010.
499:World Economic Forum
431:The Skeptics Society
364:Freethought movement
1556:2003Natur.422..102D
971:The Free Lance-Star
472:Giuseppe Arcimboldo
453:Ambiguous Illusions
382:southern California
272:Paul Bernard Seckel
37:of this article is
1498:The New York Times
1259:. pp. 36–37.
1208:Skeptical Inquirer
1011:The New York Times
619:Little Saint James
602:in 1985 and 1987.
346:Cornell University
158:scientific skeptic
146:Cornell University
108:Alfred Paul Seckel
1830:American skeptics
1820:American atheists
1470:"The History Man"
1087:Los Angeles Times
1057:Los Angeles Times
941:Tablet (magazine)
937:"The Illusionist"
600:Los Angeles Times
516:Rosalind Franklin
501:, Davos in 2011.
482:(1898–1972), and
443:optical illusions
279:
278:
118:September 3, 1958
78:
77:
70:
1857:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1629:San Diego Reader
1620:
1614:
1613:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1567:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1489:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
961:
952:
951:
949:
947:
932:
905:
904:
899:
897:
882:
876:
875:
859:
850:
849:
848:
846:
837:, archived from
824:
627:Leonard Mlodinow
623:Murray Gell-Mann
576:San Diego Reader
528:Rollin Hotchkiss
505:Other activities
437:Visual illusions
374:Bertrand Russell
338:New Rochelle, NY
241:
221:
219:
196:
194:
117:
115:
96:
82:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
27:
26:
19:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1783:The Daily Beast
1776:
1775:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1565:10.1038/422102b
1537:
1536:
1532:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1156:
1154:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1033:CSICOP in China
1031:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1004:
1003:
999:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
963:
962:
955:
945:
943:
934:
933:
908:
895:
893:
884:
883:
879:
861:
860:
853:
844:
842:
841:on July 9, 2020
826:
825:
818:
813:
670:
654:Denice D. Lewis
650:
615:Jeffrey Epstein
611:
589:Tablet Magazine
568:
512:
507:
439:
423:Michael Shermer
366:
361:
318:
310:Jeffrey Epstein
275:
255:
244:
243:
239:
235:
232:
231:
223:
215:
211:
208:
206:Denice D. Lewis
198:
190:
186:
183:
137:
134:
125:
119:
113:
111:
110:
109:
99:
87:
74:
63:
57:
54:
43:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Maxwell family
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1766:
1736:
1729:
1704:
1667:
1641:
1615:
1608:
1587:
1530:
1507:
1500:. p. A1.
1479:
1460:
1410:
1407:Press Release.
1398:
1366:"Eye twisters"
1356:
1343:New York Times
1329:
1316:
1277:
1240:
1217:
1194:
1168:
1133:
1100:
1070:
1040:
1025:
997:
985:
953:
906:
877:
851:
815:
814:
812:
809:
808:
807:
794:
781:
768:
755:
742:
729:
716:
703:
690:
677:
669:
666:
658:Isabel Maxwell
649:
646:
635:Frances Arnold
631:Gerald Sussman
610:
607:
567:
564:
536:Wellcome Trust
511:
508:
506:
503:
438:
435:
365:
362:
360:
357:
326:Ruth Schonthal
317:
314:
304:movement as a
277:
276:
274:
273:
270:
268:Ruth Schonthal
264:
262:
258:
257:
253:Isabel Maxwell
250:
246:
245:
237:
233:
229:
228:
227:
226:
213:
209:
204:
203:
202:
201:
188:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
173:
169:
168:
165:
164:Known for
161:
160:
154:
150:
149:
143:
139:
138:
135:
133:2015 (aged 56)
131:
127:
126:
120:
107:
105:
101:
100:
98:Seckel in 2009
97:
89:
88:
85:
76:
75:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1730:9781982148133
1726:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1609:9780316274050
1605:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:(6928): 102.
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1521:The Scientist
1518:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:(5709): 519.
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1345:. p. G10
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:New Scientist
1110:
1104:
1101:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1013:. p. A14
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
989:
986:
973:
972:
967:
960:
958:
954:
942:
938:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
892:
891:The Telegraph
888:
881:
878:
873:
869:
865:
858:
856:
852:
840:
836:
835:
830:
823:
821:
817:
810:
806:
805:1-55407-172-0
802:
798:
795:
793:
792:1-4027-1833-0
789:
785:
782:
780:
779:1-4027-1830-6
776:
772:
769:
767:
766:1-4027-1828-4
763:
759:
756:
754:
753:1-84193-197-7
750:
746:
743:
741:
740:1-4027-0577-8
737:
733:
730:
728:
727:1-55297-650-5
724:
720:
717:
715:
714:1-84222-054-3
711:
707:
704:
702:
701:0-87975-400-1
698:
694:
691:
689:
688:0-87975-323-4
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
665:
661:
659:
655:
648:Personal life
647:
645:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
606:
603:
601:
596:
591:
590:
584:
582:
578:
577:
571:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Francis Crick
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
504:
502:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
478:(1904–1989),
477:
476:Salvador Dalí
474:(1527–1593),
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
446:
444:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
412:
411:New Scientist
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
391:public domain
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
358:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:New York City
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
271:
269:
266:
265:
263:
259:
254:
251:
247:
225:
224:
207:
200:
199:
177:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
153:Occupation(s)
151:
147:
144:
140:
132:
128:
123:
122:New York City
106:
102:
95:
90:
83:
80:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
36:
30:
21:
20:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:
1757:. Retrieved
1748:
1739:
1719:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:
1599:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1473:
1463:
1430:
1426:
1401:
1393:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1293:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1162:
1155:. Retrieved
1150:
1146:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1061:. Retrieved
1059:. p. A3
1056:
1035:
1028:
1015:. Retrieved
1010:
1000:
988:
976:. Retrieved
969:
944:. Retrieved
940:
901:
894:. Retrieved
890:
880:
871:
867:
843:, retrieved
839:the original
832:
796:
783:
770:
757:
744:
731:
718:
705:
692:
679:
673:
668:Bibliography
662:
651:
643:
639:Brock Pierce
612:
604:
599:
588:
585:
580:
574:
572:
569:
556:Craig Venter
548:James Watson
532:Sven Furberg
513:
492:
487:
484:Rex Whistler
480:M. C. Escher
467:
465:
460:
456:
452:
450:
447:
440:
420:
409:
395:
367:
350:
319:
289:
285:
281:
280:
230:Alice Klarke
182:Laura Mullen
79:
64:
55:
33:
1815:2015 deaths
1810:1958 births
1655:inews.co.uk
1600:Filthy Rich
1309:November 7,
1270:November 7,
1237:(3): 64–71.
1089:. p. 1
868:Smithsonian
845:November 5,
459:(2005) and
427:Los Angeles
406:firewalking
378:Darwin fish
370:Freethought
302:Freethought
282:Alfred Paul
148:, no degree
1804:Categories
1126:August 11,
811:References
544:Christie's
524:Max Perutz
520:Aaron Klug
466:His book,
398:paranormal
316:Early life
114:1958-09-03
35:neutrality
1697:April 10,
1660:April 17,
1390:220089708
1157:August 5,
1121:0262-4079
1093:August 6,
1063:August 6,
946:March 11,
896:April 16,
298:illusions
142:Education
86:Al Seckel
58:July 2015
46:talk page
1759:July 29,
1753:Archived
1634:July 29,
1582:52817212
1574:12634743
1455:30534232
1447:15681368
1376:: 1163.
1325:Science.
1300:Archived
1261:Archived
495:TED talk
463:(2006).
455:(2005),
249:Partners
156:Writer,
39:disputed
1788:May 27,
1552:Bibcode
1427:Science
1370:Science
1349:May 24,
1017:July 3,
978:May 24,
306:skeptic
261:Parents
242:
238:
234:
222:
214:
210:
197:
189:
185:
172:Spouses
1727:
1606:
1580:
1572:
1544:Nature
1474:Nature
1453:
1445:
1388:
1188:(46).
1119:
803:
790:
777:
764:
751:
738:
725:
712:
699:
686:
633:, and
530:, and
359:Career
334:Jewish
294:visual
290:Seckel
136:France
124:, U.S.
1578:S2CID
1451:S2CID
1386:S2CID
1303:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1253:(PDF)
573:In a
330:Nazis
236:
216:(
212:
191:(
187:
1790:2021
1761:2019
1725:ISBN
1699:2020
1662:2022
1636:2019
1604:ISBN
1570:PMID
1443:PMID
1351:2021
1311:2021
1295:Fate
1272:2021
1257:Fate
1159:2019
1153:: 39
1128:2019
1117:ISSN
1095:2019
1065:2019
1019:2020
980:2021
948:2019
898:2022
847:2020
801:ISBN
788:ISBN
775:ISBN
762:ISBN
749:ISBN
736:ISBN
723:ISBN
710:ISBN
697:ISBN
684:ISBN
404:and
386:prop
130:Died
104:Born
32:The
1560:doi
1548:422
1435:doi
1431:307
1378:doi
1374:280
1806::
1781:.
1769:^
1747:.
1707:^
1690:.
1670:^
1653:.
1627:.
1590:^
1576:.
1568:.
1558:.
1546:.
1542:.
1525:19
1523:.
1519:.
1496:.
1482:^
1472:.
1449:.
1441:.
1429:.
1425:.
1413:^
1384:.
1372:.
1368:.
1341:.
1298:.
1292:.
1255:.
1235:26
1233:.
1229:.
1212:33
1210:.
1206:.
1186:22
1184:.
1180:.
1161:.
1151:86
1149:.
1145:.
1111:.
1085:.
1073:^
1055:.
1043:^
1009:.
968:.
956:^
939:.
909:^
900:.
889:.
872:17
870:.
866:.
854:^
831:,
819:^
641:.
629:,
625:,
562:.
526:,
522:,
518:,
445:.
393:.
288:"
286:Al
218:m.
193:m.
1792:.
1763:.
1733:.
1701:.
1664:.
1638:.
1612:.
1562::
1554::
1437::
1380::
1353:.
1313:.
1274:.
1130:.
1097:.
1067:.
1021:.
982:.
950:.
284:"
116:)
112:(
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
52:.
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
