1457:
2287:
1667:
1854:
1032:
33:
1257:
1485:
100:. Many government health guidelines specify low to high risk amounts in units of grams of pure alcohol per day, week, or single occasion. These government guidelines often illustrate these amounts as standard drinks of various beverages, with their serving sizes indicated. Although used for the same purpose, the definition of a standard drink varies from country to country.
2273:
1679:
2187:
1988:
1452:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}568{\mbox{ ml}}\times 4\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4{\mbox{ units}}}{1000{\mbox{ ml}}}}&=2.3{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}
2257:
elements as measured by products on shelf. Compared with labels from 2008 on a like-for-like basis, information on Unit alcohol content had increased by 46%; 91% of products displayed alcohol and pregnancy warnings (18% in 2008); and 75% showed the Chief
Medical Officers' lower risk daily guidelines (6% in 2008).
1662:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}75{\mbox{ cl}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75{\mbox{ cl}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75\times {\frac {12}{100}}{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}
2194:
Australia introduced standard drink labelling in the 1990's, and New
Zealand followed with a labelling requirement starting in 2002. The labels were criticized for being too small to read. A focus group study found that most student drinkers used the labels to choose stronger drinks and identify the
2008:
contains around 2.1 units of alcohol. However, British pubs and restaurants often supply larger quantities (large glass â 250 ml (8.5 US fl oz)), which contain 3 units. Red wines often have a higher alcohol content (on average 12.5%, sometimes up to 16%). Even though the sizes of
1849:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75\times 12{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}
2177:
function is impaired. For other countries, it may be easiest to convert to UK units. For example, in the United States one standard drink contains 14 grams â 1.75 units of alcohol, and so a US standard drink takes the body about an hour and three-quarters to process. Blood alcohol content can more
2154:
An international study of about 6,000 men and 11,000 women for a total of 75,000 person-years found that people who reported that they drank more than a threshold value of 2 units of alcohol a day had a higher risk of fractures than non-drinkers. For example, those who drank over 3 units a day had
1941:
with 3.5% ABV contains almost exactly one UK unit; however, most beers are stronger. In pubs in the United
Kingdom, beers generally range from 3.5 to 5.5% ABV, and continental lagers start at around 4% ABV. An imperial pint 570 ml of such lager (at 5.2% ABV) contains almost 3 units of alcohol
2256:
Drinks companies had pledged to display the three mandatory items on 80% of drinks containers on shelves in the UK off-trade by the end of
December 2013. A report published in November 2014, confirmed that UK drinks producers had delivered on that pledge with a 79.3% compliance with the pledge
1915:
A standard drink is often different from a normal serving in the country in which it is served. For example, in the United States, a standard drink is defined as 0.6 US fluid ounces (18 ml) of ethanol per serving, which is about 14 grams of alcohol. This corresponds to a 12-US-fluid-ounce
1928:, wine is 12% ABV, and spirits is 40% ABV (80 proof). Most wine today is higher than 12% ABV (the average ABV in Napa Valley in 1971 was 12.5% ), hence will be more than a standard drink. Similarly, although 40% ABV is standard for spirits, the amount of spirit in a mixed drink varies widely.
1039:
In the UK, it is sometimes misleadingly stated that there is one unit per half-pint of beer, or small glass of wine, or single measure of spirits. However, such statements do not take into account the various strengths and volumes supplied in practice. Such approximations can lead to people
2151:. Since 1995 the advice was that regular consumption of 3â4 units a day for men, or 2â3 units a day for women, would not pose significant health risks, but that consistently drinking four or more units a day (men), or three or more units a day (women), is not advisable.
2319:
The term "standard drink" was used in the United
Kingdom in the first guidelines (1984) that published "safe limits" for drinking, but this was replaced by reference to units of alcohol in the 1987 guidelines and that term has been used in all subsequent UK guidance.
1091:
2173:(break down) one UK unit of alcohol, 10 ml (8 grams). However, this will vary with body weight, sex, age, personal metabolic rate, recent food intake, the type and strength of the alcohol, and medications taken. Alcohol may be metabolised more slowly if
1166:
1232:
124:(in ml or other volume units). For comparison, both measurements are shown here, as well as the number of standard drinks contained in 500 millilitres (16.9 US fluid ounces) of 5% ABV beer (a typical large size of beer in Europe, slightly larger than a US
2024:
Wine sold by the glass is often served in nearly full glasses. Wine served at home, or when bought by the bottle in, say, a restaurant, is usually served in glasses less than half filled; the capacity of a wine glass is not the only criterion for judging
1672:
Thus, a 750 millilitres (25 US fl oz) bottle of wine at 12% ABV contains 75 cl Ă 12% = 9 units. Alternatively, the serving size in litres multiplied by the alcohol content as a number, the above example giving 0.75 Ă 12 = 9 units:
2080:
have 35%-40% ABV. In
England, a single pub measure (25 ml (0.85 US fl oz)) of a spirit contains one unit. However, a larger 35 ml (1.2 US fl oz) measure is increasingly used (and in particular is standard in
2198:
In the UK in March 2011, alcohol companies voluntarily pledged to the UK Department of Health to implement a health labelling scheme to provide more information about responsible drinking on alcohol labels and containers. The pledge stated:
111:
There is no international consensus on how much pure alcohol is contained in a standard drink; values in different countries range from 8 to 20 grams (0.28 to 0.71 ounces). The example questionnaire form for the World Health
Organization's
2137:
From 1992 to 1995, the UK government advised that men should drink no more than 21 units per week, and women no more than 14. (The difference between the sexes was due to the typically lower weight and water-to-body-mass ratio of women).
1095:
For example, a 350 ml (12 US fl oz) glass of beer with an ABV of 5.5% contains 19.25 ml of pure alcohol, which has a density of 0.78945 g/mL (at 20 °C), and therefore a mass of 15.20 grams (0.536 oz).
3233:
or ~18 mL. â Ethanol listed as 0.78945 g/mL @ 20°C (68°F), 0.6 US fl oz Ă 29.57 mL/US fl oz = 17.742 ml; 0.78945 g/mL Ă 17.742 mL = 14.006g
1902:
One should bear in mind that a pint in the UK is 20 imperial fluid ounces, whereas a pint in the US is 16 US fluid ounces. However, as 1 imperial fl. oz. â 0.961 US fl. oz., this means 1 imperial pint â 1.201 US pints (i.e. 0.961 Ă
2260:
Studies published in 2021 in the UK showed that the label could be further enhanced by including pictures of units and a statement of the drinking guidelines - this would help people understand the recommended limits better.
2897:
1050:
3730:"Effect of alcohol label designs with different pictorial representations of alcohol content and health warnings on knowledge and understanding of lowârisk drinking guidelines: a randomized controlled trial"
1099:
1171:
3728:
Gold, Natalie; Egan, Mark; Londakova, Kristina; Mottershaw, Abigail; Harper, Hugo; Burton, Robyn; Henn, Clive; Smolar, Maria; Walmsley, Matthew; Arambepola, Rohan; Watson, Robin (19 January 2021).
3664:
1684:
1490:
1262:
583:)". Introduced around 2011 to align with the WHO AUDIT, and to avoid the conventional unit (20 g) of giving a false impression of "minimum amount to drink". Sometimes also called "unit (
3201:
3533:
Jones, Sandra C.; Gregory, Parri (May 2009). "The impact of more visible standard drink labelling on youth alcohol consumption: Helping young people drink (ir)responsibly?".
2894:
3166:
2705:
2204:"We will ensure that over 80% of products on shelf (by December 2013) will have labels with clear unit content, NHS guidelines and a warning about drinking when pregnant."
2132:
2653:
116:(AUDIT) uses 10 g (0.35 oz), and this definition has been adopted by more countries than any other amount. Some countries choose to base the definition on
2946:
76:. The notion is used in relation to recommendations about alcohol consumption and its relative risks to health. It helps to educate alcohol users. A hypothetical
3361:
3202:"Standard drink measures throughout Europe; peoples' understanding of standard drinks and their use in drinking guidelines, alcohol surveys and labelling"
2726:
2607:
2147:
This was changed after a government study showed that many people were in effect "saving up" their units and using them at the end of the week, a form of
3836:
3421:
3694:
2591:
3672:
3634:
113:
2619:
1040:
underestimating their alcohol intake. In some countries, the number of units of alcohol in a beverage can instead be read directly on the label.
3389:
3296:
3322:
2738:
551:
2801:
2085:), which contains 1.4 units of alcohol at 40% ABV. Sellers of spirits by the glass must state the capacity of their standard measure in ml.
3161:
3190:
Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
2402:
3803:
3583:
3560:
Australia New
Zealand Food Authority (26 June 2002). "7.5 Standard drink labelling for alcoholic beverages produced in New Zealand".
3156:
2212:
There are five elements included within the overall labelling scheme, the first three being mandatory, and the last two optional:
3271:
1966:
A beer bottle is typically between 333 and 355 ml (11.3 and 12.0 US fl oz), approximately 1.7 UK units at 5%.
3874:
3829:
3091:
1086:{\displaystyle {\text{Pure alcohol mass}}={\text{volume}}\times {\text{alcohol by volume}}\times {\text{density of alcohol}}}
5774:
2771:
2863:
5779:
3561:
3513:"Fast Eddie's 8/10 Method of Hand Calculating Blood Alcohol Concentration: A Simple Method For Using Widmark's Formula"
3257:
The volume of the drink in litres multiplied by its percentage strength in ABV give the number of units. In this case,
3019:
2943:
2346:
2028:
A 750 ml (25 US fl oz) bottle of 12% ABV wine contains 9 units; 16% ABV wine contains 12 units; a
1043:
In countries without labeling, it is possible to calculate the pure alcohol mass in a serving from the concentration,
2100:
440 ml (15 US fl oz) can of pre-mix spirits (approx. 5% alcohol) = 1.7 Australian standard drinks
3348:
2091:
In the US, one shot of 80 proof liquor is 1.5 US fl oz (44 ml), which is one US standard drink.
1975:
375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of full strength beer (4.8% alcohol) = 1.4 Australian standard drinks
1862:
When drink size is in fluid ounces (which differ between the UK and the US), the following conversions can be used:
1161:{\displaystyle 350\,\mathrm {mL} \times 0.055\times 0.78945\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {mL} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }
132:
Amount of pure alcohol (in grams or millilitres) contained in a standard drink, as defined in different countries.
3038:
2697:
2685:
2103:
440 ml (15 US fl oz) can pre-mix spirits (approx. 7% alcohol) = 2.4 Australian standard drinks
3822:
2990:
2300:
1227:{\displaystyle 0.35\,\mathrm {L} \times 0.055\times 789.45\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {L} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }
1972:
375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of mid-strength beer (3.5% alcohol) = 1 Australian standard drink
1859:
In the UK, both pieces of input data are usually mentioned in this form on the bottle, so are easy to retrieve.
5769:
5748:
3889:
3613:
3512:
3414:
2251:
Further detailed specifications about the labelling scheme are available from the "Alcohol labelling tool kit".
3695:"Drinks labels with pictures and guidelines could improve public understanding of Government recommendations"
2635:
2588:
2562:
2110:
contain 1.1â1.5 units per bottle. For example, a normal 275 ml (9.3 US fl oz) bottle of
2088:
In
Australia, a 30 ml (1.0 US fl oz) shot of spirits (40% ABV) is 0.95 standard drinks.
1969:
375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of light beer (2.7% alcohol) = 0.8 Australian standard drinks
3642:
3468:
Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, et al. (July 2005). "Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture".
2361:
5225:
4108:
3974:
2144:
claimed in October 2007 that these limits had been "plucked out of the air" and had no scientific basis.
3904:
2227:
2164:
2042:
150 ml (5.1 US fl oz) glass of wine (13.5% alcohol) = 1.5 Australian standard drinks
2833:
3378:
5634:
4409:
3979:
3894:
3300:
2466:"Governmental standard drink definitions and lowârisk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries"
2039:
100 ml (3.4 US fl oz) glass of wine (13.5% alcohol) = 1 Australian standard drink
97:
3326:
2745:
4001:
3989:
1924:) wine, or a 1.5-US-fluid-ounce (44 ml) so-called "shot" of spirit, assuming that beer is 5%
4429:
3899:
3845:
3710:
3493:
3244:"Alcohol: the Devil is in the Details {So why won't major American wine media run %s in reviews?"
2111:
2073:
2045:
One 5 US fl oz (150 ml) glass of 12% ABV table wine is one US standard drink.
89:
77:
49:
5704:
5699:
5554:
5315:
3420:. House of Commons.Health Committee. The Stationery Office by Order of the House. 10 July 2012.
32:
2671:
96:), but it always contains the same amount of alcohol and therefore produces the same amount of
5544:
5459:
5442:
4992:
4779:
4719:
3909:
3767:
3749:
3485:
2487:
2381:
1921:
1468:. This results in exactly one unit per percentage point per litre, of any alcoholic beverage.
1248:
1243:
103:
Labeling beverages with the equivalent number of standard drinks is common in some countries.
85:
5363:
5337:
5092:
4972:
3927:
3798:
3757:
3741:
3702:
3591:
3542:
3477:
3100:
2477:
2373:
2082:
3809:
5102:
5076:
5007:
4982:
4947:
4896:
4836:
4419:
4026:
3884:
3879:
2950:
2901:
2595:
2115:
128:
of 473 mL). The terminology for the unit also varies, as shown in the Notes column.
2654:"UVic study suggests setting minimum alcohol price could reduce deaths, hospital visits"
5417:
5250:
5215:
5027:
4886:
3762:
3729:
3230:
2148:
2077:
2060:
2029:
1031:
69:
2186:
912:
corresponds to 33 cl 5% beer, 13 cl wine, or a drink or shot based on 4 cl 40% liquor
5763:
5639:
5619:
5499:
5205:
5052:
4952:
4942:
4846:
4754:
4734:
4642:
4424:
3714:
3546:
2965:
2377:
2278:
3497:
2913:
2190:
Example of Wine Bottle label in accordance with UK voluntary health labelling scheme
1995:(250 ml) glass of 12% ABV red wine has about three UK units of alcohol. A
5351:
4987:
4906:
4891:
4774:
4208:
4098:
4093:
3984:
3969:
2618:
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health / Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale
2292:
2119:
1247:, and dividing by 1000. For example, one imperial pint (570 ml) of beer at 4%
5574:
5549:
5397:
5265:
5107:
4123:
3128:
3064:
2587:
Population Health Division, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
555:
3788:
1471:
The formula can be simplified for everyday use by expressing the serving size in
5504:
5240:
5185:
5087:
5057:
4824:
4587:
4567:
4537:
4474:
4344:
4309:
4284:
4248:
4198:
4168:
4158:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4058:
3932:
3000:. House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee. 7 December 2011. p. 7
2209:
At the end of 2014, 101 companies had committed to the pledge labelling scheme.
1960:
65:
41:
3446:
5709:
5644:
5589:
5529:
5474:
5422:
5190:
4911:
4881:
4148:
4138:
3996:
3481:
3086:
2268:
2170:
1476:
1472:
3753:
1978:
12 US fl oz (350 ml) of 5% ABV beer = 1 US standard drink
1236:
The standard UK units of alcohol in a drink can be determined by multiplying
17:
5694:
5659:
5629:
5489:
5200:
4962:
4856:
4819:
4597:
4527:
4404:
4384:
4319:
4238:
4113:
3952:
3104:
2140:
2033:
1987:
1945:
Stronger beer (6â12%) may contain 2 UK units or more per imperial half pint.
1916:(350 ml) can of 5% beer, a 5-US-fluid-ounce (150 ml) glass of 12%
5484:
5260:
4459:
3771:
3489:
2491:
2385:
2272:
5719:
5714:
5679:
5669:
5579:
5514:
5407:
5346:
5325:
5310:
5160:
4861:
4724:
4667:
4647:
4547:
4522:
4489:
4374:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4133:
4118:
4103:
2925:
2107:
3706:
3243:
5689:
5609:
5594:
5539:
5452:
5432:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5356:
5330:
5295:
5255:
5245:
5195:
5140:
5017:
5002:
4921:
4901:
4866:
4799:
4399:
4359:
4339:
4304:
4263:
4188:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3789:
Online converter between different countries' standard drinks and units
2802:"AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Second Edition)"
2004:
A "medium" glass (175 ml (5.9 US fl oz) of 12% ABV
1044:
73:
3814:
3745:
3379:"Sensible Drinking. The Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Group"
2482:
2465:
2403:"AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Second Edition)"
2106:
According to Alcohol and You Northern Ireland resource website, "Most
272:
1.5 oz (43 mL) shot of 40% hard liquor (vodka, rum, whisky, gin etc.)
5729:
5654:
5584:
5564:
5559:
5519:
5230:
5155:
5150:
5135:
5112:
5097:
5072:
5062:
5032:
5022:
5012:
4876:
4841:
4831:
4789:
4784:
4764:
4744:
4697:
4672:
4662:
4512:
4379:
4369:
4349:
4324:
4253:
4128:
2056:
81:
3516:
5464:
5270:
5220:
5175:
5165:
5130:
5042:
4916:
4851:
4794:
4657:
4632:
4627:
4612:
4592:
4577:
4557:
4542:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4394:
4389:
4364:
4334:
4299:
4294:
4258:
4243:
4178:
4048:
3962:
2185:
2174:
1986:
1949:
1001:
2362:"Lack of international consensus in low-risk drinking guidelines"
5377:
5037:
4622:
4602:
4532:
4484:
4479:
4414:
4354:
3957:
2005:
1938:
559:
125:
93:
45:
37:
5293:
4695:
4024:
3856:
3818:
3415:"Government's Alcohol Strategy.Third Report of Session 2012â13"
2195:
cheapest method of getting drunk, rather than to drink safely.
5604:
5210:
4809:
4469:
3793:
3272:"What is a unit of alcohol | Alcohol and You Northern Ireland"
3133:
1953:
1925:
1917:
266:
This specific unit is computed based on the oz definition as:
3665:"Drinks companies achieve voluntary alcohol labelling target"
3351:. Women's Health Research Institute: Northwestern University.
52:
compared. Each contains about 14 grams or 17.7 ml of ethanol.
2242:
Responsibility statement (e.g., "please drink responsibly")
2055:
A small glass (50 ml (1.7 US fl oz)) of
3297:"Question:- "How much alcohol is there in WKD vodka blue?""
2926:"Vad Àr ett standardglas alkohol? | alkoholhjÀlpen.se"
2360:
Furtwaengler, Nina A. F. F.; De Visser, Richard O. (2013).
2169:
As a rough guide, it takes about one hour for the body to
269:
12 oz (341 mL) bottle of 5% alcohol beer, cider or cooler
2991:"Alcohol guidelines, Eleventh Report of Session 2010â12"
2864:"tips on alcohol use control consultation â Core-AUDIT"
425:
defined as containing 10â12 g (central value used here)
120:
of alcohol (in grams) while others base the unit on the
3065:"Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions"
2672:"Rethink Your Drinking | What's a Standard Drink?"
1035:
Chart showing alcohol unit count for drink size and ABV
2063:, or cream liqueur (â20% ABV) contains about one unit.
1836:
1819:
1791:
1779:
1750:
1728:
1716:
1691:
1649:
1632:
1597:
1585:
1556:
1534:
1522:
1497:
1439:
1419:
1407:
1391:
1369:
1357:
1328:
1306:
1294:
1269:
2739:"LandlĂŠknisembĂŠttiĂ°, Icelandic Directorate of Health"
1682:
1488:
1260:
1174:
1102:
1053:
2178:
accurately be estimated by using Widmark's formula.
27:
Measure of the pure ethanol in an alcoholic beverage
5123:
4932:
4709:
4500:
4274:
4038:
3920:
3867:
3629:
3627:
980:defined as 10 mL but treated as equivalent to 8 g.
1848:
1661:
1451:
1226:
1160:
1085:
493:defined as 8 g but treated as equivalent to 10 mL
92:takes up much less space than a standard drink of
88:of the beverage (for example, a standard drink of
3186:
3184:
2569:. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2133:Recommended maximum intake of alcoholic beverages
1963:beer (5.5â6%) contains 5.5â6 UK units of alcohol.
3528:
3526:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2224:. Typical servings deliver 1â3 units of alcohol.
587:)". Has no implication of being any "standard".
3033:
3031:
3029:
2912:Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC)
2796:
2794:
2464:Kalinowski, A.; Humphreys, K. (13 April 2016).
2960:
2958:
2397:
2395:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2230:'s daily guidelines for lower-risk consumption
2009:wine glasses are defined in UK law, the terms
3830:
3578:
3576:
2706:Bundeszentrale fĂŒr gesundheitliche AufklĂ€rung
1027:Calculation of pure alcohol mass in a serving
8:
3129:"BBC News - Do you know how much you drink?"
3123:
3121:
3020:"What is an alcohol unit? | Drinkaware"
5298:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
3200:Mongan, Deirdre; Long, Jean (22 May 2015).
2966:"How long does alcohol stay in your blood?"
2773:A Standard Drink in Ireland: What strength?
2629:
2627:
2233:Pregnancy warning (in text or as a graphic)
1999:(175 ml) glass has about two UK units.
72:consumption representing a fixed amount of
5290:
4706:
4692:
4035:
4021:
3864:
3853:
3837:
3823:
3815:
130:
3761:
2942:PRODIGY Knowledge (Department of Health)
2874:Japan National Institute of Public Health
2606:Canadian Public Health Association. URL:
2563:"Drinking Guidelines: General Population"
2481:
2155:nearly twice the risk of a hip fracture.
1835:
1818:
1790:
1778:
1772:
1759:
1749:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1648:
1631:
1621:
1596:
1584:
1578:
1565:
1555:
1533:
1521:
1515:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1438:
1418:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1368:
1356:
1350:
1337:
1327:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1153:
1152:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1052:
114:Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
3563:Final Assessment Report (Inquiry - S.26)
1864:
1238:the volume of the drink (in millilitres)
1030:
31:
3701:(Plain English summary). 23 June 2021.
3388:. Department of Health. December 1995.
3349:"Sex differences in alcohol metabolism"
2727:Alcohol and Health: Hong Kong Situation
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2333:
2312:
1948:A half-litre (500 ml) of standard
1475:and the alcohol content literally as a
3169:from the original on 20 September 2023
3039:"What's a Standard Drink Measurement?"
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
1004:(US) pure ethanol, approximately 14 g
150:# drinks in 500 mL of 5% ABV beer
80:sized to one standard drink varies in
3810:Online alcohol demotivator calculator
2700:[What is a standard drink?].
1937:Half an imperial pint 280 ml of
7:
3804:NHS Choices: Alcohol unit calculator
3449:. NIdirect Government Services. 2013
3162:Food Standards Australia New Zealand
2347:"Health Promotion Knowledge Gateway"
1959:One litre (1000 ml) of typical
3427:from the original on 9 October 2022
3395:from the original on 9 October 2022
3087:"Getting tight on units of alcohol"
2216:Unit alcohol content per container
2122:both contain 1.5 units of alcohol."
1942:rather than the oft-quoted 2 units.
3325:. Drinkaware.co.uk. Archived from
3157:"Labelling of Alcoholic Beverages"
1703:
1509:
1281:
1220:
1208:
1198:
1180:
1154:
1142:
1139:
1129:
1111:
1108:
796:10â12 g (central value used here)
25:
3799:NHS Choices: Drinking and alcohol
2895:New Zealand Food Safety Authority
2159:Relation to blood alcohol content
554:'s conventional unit, based on 1
36:United States standard drinks of
3614:"The risks of drinking too much"
3547:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00020.x
2378:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00475.x
2285:
2271:
817:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
275:5 oz (142 mL) glass of 12% wine.
107:Definitions in various countries
3671:. Portman Group. Archived from
3641:. Portman Group. Archived from
1874:Mass of fl. oz. of alcohol (g)
3875:History of alcoholic beverages
3092:Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin
2634:Canada, Health (17 May 2013).
2236:Mention of "drinkaware.co.uk"
2021:, etc. are not defined in law.
1:
3635:"UK Alcohol Health Labelling"
3209:Reducing Alcohol Related Harm
2944:Alcohol and Sensible Drinking
2589:The Australian Standard Drink
2036:at 20% ABV contains 15 units.
2620:Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines
2114:contains 1.1 units, whereas
1907:) instead of 1.25 US pints.
3806:(archived 21 February 2015)
3323:"Health Effects of Alcohol"
3229:14 grams of alcohol is 0.6
2834:"Units of alcoholic drink"
2698:"Was ist ein Standardglas?"
1956:(5%) contains 2.5 UK units.
5796:
3584:"Alcohol Labelling pledge"
3470:Osteoporosis International
2914:What's in a Standard Drink
2779:. Health Service Executive
2162:
2130:
2095:Mixed spirits and alcopops
5744:
5303:
5289:
4705:
4691:
4034:
4020:
3863:
3852:
3482:10.1007/s00198-004-1734-y
3165:. 2022. Standard drinks.
2876:(in Japanese). p. 48
2866:ăąă«ăłăŒă«æć°ăźăă€ăłă Core-AUDITăźç«
2814:(in Japanese). p. 17
2702:Alkohol? Kenn dein Limit.
2686:How to use alcohol wisely
2301:Alcoholic spirits measure
1911:Reference standard drinks
5147:Coconut and other palms
4519:Coconut and other palms
3890:History of Bordeaux wine
2865:
2835:
2803:
1047:of alcohol, and volume:
3975:Drinking establishments
3535:Drug and Alcohol Review
3276:www.alcoholandyouni.com
3261:; i.e., almost 3 units.
3105:10.1136/dtb.2001.391295
3099:(12). 1 December 2001.
2366:Drug and Alcohol Review
5182:Sugarcane or molasses
4619:Sugarcane or molasses
3858:History and production
3362:Drink limits âuselessâ
3259:0.568 Ă 5.2 gives 2.95
2841:Japan MHLW e-healthnet
2191:
2000:
1871:Volume of fl. oz. (mL)
1850:
1663:
1453:
1228:
1162:
1087:
1036:
562:. Not any "standard".
257:13.6 or 13.45 or 13.5
238:Bosnia and Herzegovina
53:
3905:History of Rioja wine
2804:ăąă«ăłăŒă«äœżçšéćźłçčćźăăčăäœżçšăăă„ăąă«
2725:Department of Health
2228:Chief Medical Officer
2189:
2165:Blood alcohol content
1990:
1851:
1664:
1454:
1229:
1163:
1088:
1034:
86:alcohol concentration
35:
5775:Units of measurement
5616:Mammee apple flower
3895:History of Champagne
1680:
1486:
1258:
1172:
1100:
1051:
558:(approx. 180 mL) of
5780:Alcohol measurement
5666:Sugarcane/molasses
4109:Moscatel de SetĂșbal
4002:Yeast in winemaking
3990:Yeast in winemaking
3846:Alcoholic beverages
3707:10.3310/alert_46590
3675:on 13 February 2015
3645:on 11 February 2015
3594:on 13 February 2015
3588:Dept of Health (UK)
3519:on 2 December 2003.
3447:"Sensible drinking"
3043:Rethinking Drinking
2127:Recommended maximum
133:
3900:History of Chianti
3868:History of alcohol
3368:, 20 October 2007
3303:on 12 January 2014
2949:2006-09-25 at the
2900:2008-07-04 at the
2660:. 29 October 2020.
2594:2019-05-30 at the
2220:, and per serving
2192:
2001:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1823:
1795:
1783:
1754:
1732:
1720:
1695:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1636:
1601:
1589:
1560:
1538:
1526:
1501:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1423:
1411:
1395:
1373:
1361:
1332:
1310:
1298:
1273:
1224:
1158:
1083:
1080:density of alcohol
1037:
592:Korea, Republic of
131:
78:alcoholic beverage
54:
5757:
5756:
5740:
5739:
5443:Chocolate liqueur
5404:Blackthorn shrub
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5237:Various starches
4993:Tennessee whiskey
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4654:Various starches
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
3910:History of Sherry
3746:10.1111/add.15327
3620:. 3 October 2018.
2930:alkoholhjalpen.se
2770:Hope, A. (2009).
2684:paihdelinkki.fi,
2483:10.1111/add.13341
1922:alcohol by volume
1900:
1899:
1839:
1822:
1798:
1794:
1782:
1767:
1753:
1735:
1731:
1719:
1694:
1652:
1635:
1629:
1604:
1600:
1588:
1573:
1559:
1541:
1537:
1525:
1500:
1462:The formula uses
1442:
1426:
1422:
1410:
1394:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1345:
1331:
1313:
1309:
1297:
1272:
1249:alcohol by volume
1081:
1073:
1072:alcohol by volume
1065:
1057:
1056:Pure alcohol mass
1024:
1023:
84:depending on the
16:(Redirected from
5787:
5364:Herbs de Majorca
5338:Anisado Mallorca
5291:
5093:American whiskey
5084:Multiple grains
4973:Buckwheat whisky
4707:
4693:
4466:Multiple grains
4036:
4027:Fermented drinks
4022:
3928:Alcohol industry
3865:
3854:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3816:
3776:
3775:
3765:
3740:(6): 1443â1459.
3725:
3719:
3718:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3590:. Archived from
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3515:. Archived from
3508:
3502:
3501:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3329:on 21 April 2009
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3299:. Archived from
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2962:
2953:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2871:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2744:. Archived from
2743:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:Vancouver Island
2650:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2559:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2461:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2321:
2317:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2083:Northern Ireland
1865:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1696:
1692:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1502:
1498:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1274:
1270:
1251:(ABV) contains:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1183:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1114:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1055:
529:defined as 12 g
134:
21:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5770:Units of volume
5760:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5736:
5705:CrĂšme de cassis
5700:CrĂšme de banane
5686:Various fruits
5555:CrĂšme de menthe
5316:CrĂšme de Noyaux
5299:
5277:
5119:
5103:Canadian whisky
5077:Kaoliang liquor
4983:Bourbon whiskey
4948:Japanese whisky
4928:
4897:Marillenschnaps
4873:Various fruits
4701:
4679:
4508:Agave americana
4496:
4270:
4225:Various fruits
4030:
4008:
3916:
3885:History of wine
3880:History of beer
3859:
3848:
3843:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3231:US fluid ounces
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2951:Wayback Machine
2941:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2902:Wayback Machine
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2751:on 10 July 2022
2748:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2596:Wayback Machine
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2499:
2463:
2462:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2184:
2167:
2161:
2135:
2129:
2116:Bacardi Breezer
2097:
2070:
2052:
2050:Fortified wines
1985:
1934:
1913:
1843:
1842:
1825:
1806:
1800:
1786:
1774:
1743:
1737:
1723:
1711:
1678:
1677:
1656:
1655:
1638:
1612:
1606:
1592:
1580:
1549:
1543:
1529:
1517:
1484:
1483:
1466:
1463:
1446:
1445:
1428:
1414:
1402:
1384:
1378:
1364:
1352:
1321:
1315:
1301:
1289:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1239:
1170:
1169:
1098:
1097:
1049:
1048:
1029:
1000:defined as 0.6
978:unit of alcohol
720:North Macedonia
146:
141:
109:
62:unit of alcohol
60:or (in the UK)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5762:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5429:Chili peppers
5427:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5418:Cherry Heering
5412:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5328:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5216:Seco Herrerano
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:Mixiang Baijiu
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4700:by ingredients
4696:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4029:by ingredients
4025:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3783:External links
3781:
3778:
3777:
3720:
3686:
3656:
3623:
3605:
3572:
3552:
3541:(3): 230â234.
3522:
3503:
3460:
3438:
3406:
3386:www.ias.org.uk
3370:
3354:
3340:
3314:
3288:
3263:
3250:
3235:
3222:
3192:
3180:
3148:
3117:
3078:
3056:
3025:
3011:
2982:
2954:
2935:
2917:
2905:
2887:
2854:
2825:
2790:
2762:
2730:
2718:
2689:
2677:
2663:
2645:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2580:
2497:
2423:
2391:
2352:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2266:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2207:
2206:
2183:
2180:
2163:Main article:
2160:
2157:
2149:binge drinking
2131:Main article:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2078:United Kingdom
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:fortified wine
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2030:fortified wine
2026:
2022:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1957:
1946:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1912:
1909:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1789:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1669:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1595:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1399:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1241:
1237:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
998:standard drink
995:
992:
989:
986:
982:
981:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:United Kingdom
962:
961:
959:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
929:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
907:
904:
901:
898:
894:
893:
891:
888:
885:
882:
878:
877:
875:
872:
869:
866:
862:
861:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
845:
843:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
778:
775:
772:
769:
765:
764:
762:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
732:
730:
727:
724:
721:
717:
716:
714:
711:
708:
705:
701:
700:
698:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
682:
679:
676:
673:
669:
668:
666:
663:
660:
657:
653:
652:
650:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
618:
615:
612:
609:
605:
604:
602:
599:
596:
593:
589:
588:
577:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
544:
541:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:unitĂ standard
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
495:
494:
488:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
472:
469:
466:
463:
459:
458:
456:
453:
450:
447:
443:
442:
440:
437:
434:
431:
427:
426:
420:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
404:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
388:
385:
382:
379:
375:
374:
372:
369:
366:
363:
359:
358:
356:
353:
350:
347:
343:
342:
340:
337:
334:
331:
327:
326:
324:
321:
318:
315:
311:
310:
308:
305:
302:
299:
295:
294:
292:
289:
286:
283:
279:
278:
277:
276:
273:
270:
264:
261:
258:
255:
251:
250:
248:
245:
242:
239:
235:
234:
232:
229:
226:
223:
219:
218:
216:
213:
210:
207:
203:
202:
200:
197:
194:
191:
187:
186:
184:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
168:
165:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
148:
143:
138:
108:
105:
58:standard drink
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5792:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:Grand Marnier
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5500:Cream liqueur
5498:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:Scotch whisky
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Irish whiskey
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:Cashew apple
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:Fermented tea
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:Shaoxing wine
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:Prickly pear
4214:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:NIHR Evidence
3696:
3690:
3687:
3674:
3670:
3669:Portman Group
3666:
3660:
3657:
3644:
3640:
3639:Portman Group
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3527:
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3137:. 4 June 2010
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2279:Liquor portal
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491:ĂĄfengiseining
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30:
19:
18:Alcohol units
4988:Corn whiskey
4892:Himbeergeist
4745:Kirschwasser
4507:
4205:Pomegranate
4099:Marsala wine
4094:Madeira wine
3985:Simple syrup
3980:Fermentation
3970:Distillation
3737:
3733:
3723:
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3673:the original
3668:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3643:the original
3638:
3617:
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3592:the original
3587:
3562:
3555:
3538:
3534:
3517:the original
3511:Ed Kuwatch.
3506:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3385:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3327:the original
3317:
3305:. Retrieved
3301:the original
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
3266:
3253:
3238:
3225:
3215:26 September
3213:. Retrieved
3208:
3195:
3173:23 September
3171:. Retrieved
3160:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3132:
3108:. Retrieved
3096:
3090:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3042:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2997:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2908:
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2873:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2840:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2811:
2781:. Retrieved
2772:
2765:
2755:25 September
2753:. Retrieved
2746:the original
2733:
2721:
2711:26 September
2709:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2680:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2614:
2602:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2566:
2473:
2469:
2414:. Retrieved
2409:
2372:(1): 11â18.
2369:
2365:
2355:
2315:
2293:Drink portal
2259:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2168:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2120:Smirnoff Ice
2090:
2087:
2076:sold in the
2071:
2018:
2014:
2010:
1996:
1992:
1914:
1904:
1901:
1861:
1858:
1671:
1470:
1461:
1235:
1094:
1042:
1038:
997:
977:
933:Taiwan (ROC)
910:standardglas
909:
584:
580:
547:
526:
490:
423:Standardglas
422:
260:17.2 or 17
121:
117:
110:
102:
74:pure alcohol
61:
57:
55:
29:
5651:Star anise
5545:Bénédictine
5505:Irish cream
5241:Aguardiente
5186:Aguardiente
5058:Rye whiskey
4568:Ginger wine
4285:Barley wine
4249:Mulled wine
4199:Plum jerkum
4169:Lychee wine
4159:Longan wine
4084:Bokbunja-ju
4074:Bignay wine
4064:Banana wine
4059:Banana beer
3933:Bathtub gin
3679:13 February
3649:13 February
3598:13 February
3211:. p. 8
3004:13 February
2975:11 February
2970:NHS Choices
2218:(mandatory)
1961:Oktoberfest
1838: units
1821: units
1781: units
1718: units
1651: units
1634: units
1473:centilitres
1441: units
1409: units
1242:percentage
917:Switzerland
752:Philippines
704:New Zealand
688:Netherlands
98:drunkenness
42:malt liquor
5764:Categories
5710:Limoncello
5645:Triple sec
5620:Eau créole
5590:Irish Mist
5575:BÀrenjÀger
5530:Frangelico
5460:Cloudberry
5439:Chocolate
5423:Maraschino
4969:Buckwheat
4882:Eau de vie
4185:Pineapple
4149:Duhat wine
4145:Java plum
4139:White wine
3997:Winemaking
3921:Production
3794:Drinkaware
3281:24 January
3071:17 October
2783:2 February
2328:References
2244:(optional)
2238:(optional)
2222:(optional)
2171:metabolise
1587: unit
1524: unit
1477:percentage
1359: unit
1296: unit
833:Seychelles
624:Luxembourg
282:Costa Rica
5695:Cedratine
5660:Sassolino
5630:Cointreau
5550:BrennivĂn
5526:Hazelnut
5490:Tia Maria
5449:Cinnamon
5433:Pertsivka
5398:Bierlikör
5201:Desi daru
4963:Bierbrand
4857:Tsikoudia
4820:Slivovitz
4720:Applejack
4598:Kabarawan
4574:Galangal
4528:Palm wine
4405:Rice wine
4385:Makgeolli
4320:Oshikundu
4239:Hippocras
4124:Rosé wine
4114:Port wine
4080:Bokbunja
3953:Lautering
3754:0965-2140
3734:Addiction
3715:242903619
3366:The Times
3141:9 January
3110:9 January
2880:2 January
2847:2 January
2818:2 January
2470:Addiction
2416:2 January
2141:The Times
2025:quantity.
1813:×
1770:×
1757:×
1707:×
1704:%
1698:×
1619:×
1576:×
1563:×
1513:×
1510:%
1504:×
1465:ml Ă· 1000
1398:×
1348:×
1335:×
1285:×
1282:%
1276:×
1213:≈
1191:×
1185:×
1147:≈
1122:×
1116:×
1076:×
1068:×
849:Singapore
662:12.7-16.5
630:12.7-15.2
556:gĆ (unit)
446:Hong Kong
190:Australia
5720:Sloe gin
5715:Schnapps
5680:Licor 43
5676:Vanilla
5670:Charanda
5601:Juniper
5580:Drambuie
5515:Advocaat
5471:Coconut
5408:Patxaran
5347:Anisette
5326:Absinthe
5311:Amaretto
5296:Liqueurs
5161:Lambanog
5069:Sorghum
5008:Cheongju
4862:Tsipouro
4806:Juniper
4780:Armagnac
4725:Calvados
4668:Parakari
4648:Kombucha
4548:Tunggang
4523:Bahalina
4490:Huangjiu
4456:Sorghum
4410:RÆ°á»Łu cáș§n
4375:Gwaha-ju
4310:TesgĂŒino
4234:Dubonnet
4229:Conditum
4219:Colonche
4134:Vermouth
4119:Red wine
4104:Mistelle
3772:33169443
3498:10303026
3490:15455194
3431:23 March
3422:Archived
3399:23 March
3390:Archived
3307:27 April
3167:Archived
2947:Archived
2898:Archived
2592:Archived
2567:IARD.org
2492:27073140
2386:22672631
2265:See also
2182:Labeling
2108:alcopops
2032:such as
2019:standard
1599: cl
1558: cl
1536: cl
1499: cl
1421: ml
1393: ml
1371: ml
1330: ml
1308: ml
1271: ml
865:Slovenia
784:Portugal
579:"drink (
5726:Walnut
5690:Campari
5635:Curaçao
5626:Orange
5610:Jenever
5595:Krupnik
5540:Aquavit
5481:Coffee
5453:Tentura
5414:Cherry
5388:Sambuca
5373:Mastika
5357:Hierbas
5331:Anisado
5307:Almond
5256:Horilka
5246:Akvavit
5196:Clairin
5191:Cachaça
5141:Tequila
5018:Lao-Lao
5003:Awamori
4939:Barley
4933:Cereals
4922:Schnaps
4912:PĂĄlinka
4902:Nalewka
4867:Zivania
4800:Zivania
4741:Cherry
4698:Liquors
4564:Ginger
4400:Pangasi
4360:Choujiu
4340:Amazake
4316:Millet
4305:Tejuino
4281:Barley
4275:Cereals
4264:Sangria
4189:Tepache
4165:Lychee
4155:Longan
4070:Bignay
4055:Banana
3948:Malting
3943:Brewery
3938:Brewing
3763:8248341
3049:28 June
3045:. NIAAA
2609:. 2006.
2573:9 April
2074:spirits
2068:Spirits
1868:Country
1793: l
1752: l
1730: l
1693: l
1240:by its
1125:0.78945
1045:density
1009:Uruguay
949:Ukraine
672:Namibia
665:1.5-2.0
633:1.6-2.0
581:dorinku
546:"unit (
498:Ireland
478:Iceland
462:Hungary
410:Germany
394:Georgia
362:Finland
330:Estonia
314:Denmark
298:Croatia
206:Austria
174:Albania
158:Albania
137:Country
90:spirits
70:alcohol
66:measure
50:spirits
5730:Nocino
5655:Pastis
5585:Glayva
5571:Honey
5565:Unicum
5560:Metaxa
5536:Herbs
5520:Eggnog
5496:Cream
5485:KahlĂșa
5475:Malibu
5322:Anise
5266:ShĆchĆ«
5261:PoitĂn
5251:Bangla
5231:Tharra
5172:Dairy
5156:Laksoy
5151:Arrack
5136:Mezcal
5113:Whisky
5108:ShĆchĆ«
5098:Baijiu
5073:Baijiu
5063:Starka
5033:Shochu
5023:Lihing
5013:Cholai
4979:Maize
4877:Brandy
4842:Grappa
4837:Chacha
4832:Pomace
4790:Cognac
4785:Brandy
4771:Grape
4765:Boukha
4751:Dates
4716:Apple
4673:Ibwatu
4663:Chicha
4609:Sugar
4584:Honey
4554:Dairy
4513:Pulque
4460:PendhÄ
4380:Hariya
4370:Dansul
4350:Beopju
4325:Tongba
4254:Nabidh
4129:Sherry
4090:Grape
4045:Apple
3770:
3760:
3752:
3713:
3618:nhs.uk
3496:
3488:
3453:27 May
3333:27 May
2862:MHLW.
2836:éŁČé
éăźćäœ
2490:
2412:. 2001
2384:
2057:sherry
2015:medium
1997:medium
1896:23.34
1885:22.43
1194:789.45
1064:volume
897:Sweden
801:Russia
768:Poland
736:Norway
656:Mexico
608:Latvia
567:Japan
430:Guyana
378:France
254:Canada
153:Notes
145:Volume
122:volume
82:volume
48:, and
5465:Lakka
5394:Beer
5271:Vodka
5221:Sulai
5206:Guaro
5176:Arkhi
5166:Sotol
5131:Agave
5124:Other
5043:Sulai
4999:Rice
4959:Beer
4917:Rakia
4887:Geist
4852:Orujo
4825:ÈuicÄ
4816:Plum
4795:Pisco
4755:Araqi
4710:Fruit
4658:Cauim
4633:Palek
4628:Intus
4613:Kilju
4593:Byais
4578:Byais
4558:Kumis
4543:Tuhak
4501:Other
4450:Kvass
4440:Tapuy
4435:Tapai
4430:Sonti
4395:Mirin
4390:Mijiu
4365:Chuak
4335:Agkud
4331:Rice
4300:Pozol
4295:Mageu
4291:Corn
4259:Pruno
4244:Jabol
4209:Rimon
4195:Plum
4179:Perry
4175:Pear
4049:Cider
4039:Fruit
3963:Yeast
3711:S2CID
3567:(PDF)
3494:S2CID
3425:(PDF)
3418:(PDF)
3393:(PDF)
3382:(PDF)
3205:(PDF)
3067:. CDC
2994:(PDF)
2870:(PDF)
2808:(pdf)
2777:(PDF)
2749:(PDF)
2742:(PDF)
2406:(pdf)
2307:Notes
2175:liver
2072:Most
2011:large
1993:large
1983:Wines
1950:lager
1932:Beers
1905:20/16
1893:29.57
1882:28.41
1216:15.20
1188:0.055
1150:15.20
1119:0.055
1002:fl oz
881:Spain
659:10-13
640:Malta
627:10-12
585:tan'i
573:12.7
548:tan'i
537:19.75
534:Japan
514:Italy
222:Benin
64:is a
5749:List
5511:Egg
5383:Rakı
5378:Ouzo
5352:Arak
5226:Sura
5053:Korn
5049:Rye
5038:Soju
4907:Oghi
4847:Marc
4775:Arak
4761:Fig
4735:Feni
4639:Tea
4623:Basi
4603:Mead
4588:Bais
4538:TubĂą
4533:Tuak
4485:Boza
4480:Beer
4446:Rye
4420:Sato
4415:Sake
4355:Brem
3958:Wort
3768:PMID
3750:ISSN
3681:2015
3651:2015
3600:2015
3486:PMID
3455:2013
3433:2020
3401:2020
3335:2013
3309:2013
3283:2017
3217:2017
3175:2023
3143:2016
3112:2016
3073:2011
3051:2024
3006:2015
2977:2015
2882:2020
2849:2020
2820:2020
2785:2015
2757:2017
2713:2017
2575:2023
2488:PMID
2418:2020
2382:PMID
2118:and
2034:port
2006:wine
1939:beer
1810:0.75
1747:0.75
1688:0.75
1416:1000
1176:0.35
1015:12.7
991:17.7
955:12.7
939:12.7
923:15.2
903:15.2
887:12.7
871:12.7
855:12.7
823:17.7
807:12.7
790:13.8
774:12.7
758:15.2
739:12.8
723:14.2
710:12.7
694:12.7
678:12.7
614:15.2
576:2.0
560:sake
552:MHLW
550:)".
520:15.2
504:12.7
468:21.5
452:12.7
416:13.8
400:12.7
384:12.7
368:15.2
352:12.7
346:Fiji
336:12.7
320:15.2
304:12.7
263:1.5
244:12.7
228:17.7
212:25.3
196:12.7
180:17.7
164:12.7
147:(mL)
140:Mass
126:pint
118:mass
94:beer
46:wine
38:beer
5605:Gin
5211:Rum
5088:Ara
4810:Gin
4475:Ara
4470:Ale
4345:Apo
3758:PMC
3742:doi
3738:116
3703:doi
3543:doi
3478:doi
3134:BBC
3101:doi
2812:WHO
2478:doi
2474:111
2410:WHO
2374:doi
2112:WKD
1954:ale
1952:or
1926:ABV
1918:ABV
1776:100
1765:100
1713:100
1627:100
1571:100
1436:2.3
1388:568
1343:100
1325:568
1266:568
1244:ABV
1168:or
1104:350
1018:2.0
994:1.4
974:2.5
958:2.0
942:2.0
926:1.6
906:1.6
890:2.0
874:2.0
858:2.0
842:2.5
826:1.4
810:2.0
793:1.8
777:2.0
761:1.6
745:1.7
729:1.4
713:2.0
697:2.0
681:2.0
649:2.5
617:1.6
601:2.5
570:10
543:1.0
523:1.6
507:2.0
487:2.5
471:1.2
455:2.0
439:2.5
419:1.8
403:2.0
387:2.0
371:1.6
355:2.0
339:2.0
323:1.6
307:2.0
291:2.5
247:2.0
231:1.4
215:1.0
199:2.0
183:1.4
167:2.0
142:(g)
68:of
5766::
3766:.
3756:.
3748:.
3736:.
3732:.
3709:.
3697:.
3667:.
3637:.
3626:^
3616:.
3586:.
3575:^
3539:28
3537:.
3525:^
3492:.
3484:.
3474:16
3472:.
3384:.
3364:,
3274:.
3207:.
3183:^
3159:.
3131:.
3120:^
3097:39
3095:.
3089:.
3041:.
3028:^
2996:.
2968:.
2957:^
2928:.
2872:.
2839:.
2810:.
2793:^
2656:.
2638:.
2626:^
2565:.
2500:^
2486:.
2472:.
2468:.
2426:^
2408:.
2394:^
2380:.
2370:32
2368:.
2364:.
2336:^
2059:,
2017:,
2013:,
1991:A
1890:US
1879:UK
1816:12
1762:12
1701:12
1624:12
1616:75
1568:12
1553:75
1507:12
1494:75
1479::
1366:10
1303:10
1012:10
988:14
971:10
952:10
936:10
920:12
900:12
884:10
868:10
852:10
839:10
820:14
804:10
787:11
771:10
755:12
742:15
726:18
707:10
691:10
675:10
646:10
611:12
598:10
540:25
517:12
501:10
484:10
465:17
449:10
436:10
413:11
397:10
381:10
365:12
349:10
333:10
317:12
301:10
288:10
241:10
225:14
209:20
193:10
177:14
161:10
56:A
44:,
40:,
5079:)
5075:(
3838:e
3831:t
3824:v
3774:.
3744::
3717:.
3705::
3683:.
3653:.
3602:.
3569:.
3549:.
3545::
3500:.
3480::
3457:.
3435:.
3403:.
3337:.
3311:.
3285:.
3248:}
3246:.
3219:.
3177:.
3145:.
3114:.
3103::
3075:.
3053:.
3022:.
3008:.
2979:.
2932:.
2884:.
2851:.
2822:.
2787:.
2759:.
2715:.
2674:.
2642:.
2577:.
2494:.
2480::
2420:.
2388:.
2376::
2349:.
1920:(
1833:9
1830:=
1804:=
1788:1
1741:=
1725:1
1646:9
1643:=
1610:=
1594:1
1582:1
1547:=
1531:1
1519:1
1433:=
1404:4
1382:=
1354:1
1340:4
1319:=
1291:1
1279:4
1221:g
1209:L
1204:/
1199:g
1181:L
1155:g
1143:L
1140:m
1135:/
1130:g
1112:L
1109:m
1060:=
968:8
836:8
643:8
595:8
481:8
433:8
285:8
20:)
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