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a period of assuming that tube zithers spread from India to
Southeast Asia, modern scholars have been trying to decide if the tube zithers might have originated in Southeast Asia and spread to India. Whatever the origins, Indian influence on musical culture in Southeast Asia is recorded in the archaeological remains of past civilizations.
164:
Although the tube zithers and stick zithers are very similar, it is possible that they have different origins. Early paintings of stick zithers in India date back at least to the 5th century C.E. The earliest currently known stick zither is in the Caves of Ajanta at the end of the 5th century. After
52:
119:
The alapini vina is represented in sculpture with two thickness of tube or stick. Earliest images show a much thinner stick. By the 10th—12th century C.E., the larger tube zither form was common as well. The far-right image shows many details missing from depictions of the
124:: the longer length of the instrument, thick tube, the large gourd at the top, the playing style over the shoulder, the stylized mouth at the bottom of the instrument, a bridge on the rectangle just above the mouth.
350:
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in India, with single strings and gourd resonators. The instruments became prominent in Indian music after 500 C.E. as instruments of court music. They replaced the
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Stele of Vishnu and attendants, 10th-11th century, Pala dynasty, 10th–12th century, Indian, Black schist. Princeton
University Art Museum. Musician playing
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and lute-style veenas. The instruments were used in
Southeast Asia, both mainland and island nations, and were recorded in sculpture and relief sculpture.
186:
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187:"How the Ancient Indian Vīṇā Travelled to Other Asian Countries: A Reconstruction through Scriptures, Sculptures, Paintings and Living Traditions"
897:
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882:
821:
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359:
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Photo showing a stick zither version with double gourd resonators at
Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India Alcove 47
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94:
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Alastair Dick; Gordon Geekie; Richard
Widdess (1984). "Vina, section 4 Medieval stick zithers". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.).
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Pala dynasty (8th-early 12th centuries) Vishnu with attendants early 12th century, National
Galleries of Australia.
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style stick zither with gourd resonator being played held to the musician's chest, like alapini vina.
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246:"The Early History of the Vīṇā and Bīn in South and Southeast Asia"
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275:. Madras: The Indian Musical Publishing House. pp. 202–217.
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Piyal
Bhattacharya; Shreetama Chowdhury (January–March 2021).
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India, 10th century C.E. Image of
Saraswati holding an
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Vishnu and
Attendants, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
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306:style tube zither. Musician using stick for slide.
200:(1). Vivekananda International Foundation: 50–53.
231:The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
42:, cave 21, 7th-8th century C.E. Shiva with an
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256:(1). University of Texas Press: 37–42.
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244:Louise Wrazen (Autumn–Winter 1986).
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95:Mukteshvara Temple of Bhubaneswar
728:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
592:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
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893:Indonesian musical instruments
888:Vietnamese musical instruments
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898:Malaysian musical instruments
233:. pp. 729–730. Volume 3.
878:Musical instruments of Assam
883:Laotian musical instruments
815:Historical/possibly extinct
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868:Indian musical instruments
360:Indian musical instruments
297:Video, tuila being played.
113:, a type of tube zither.
791:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
292:Video, about the tuila.
272:History of Indian Music
97:, ca. 10th century C.E.
62:10th–12th century C.E.
796:Indian classical music
551:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
448:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
525:Electronic tanpura
324:style tube zither.
267:Pichu Sambamoorthi
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709:Jori (instrument)
194:National Security
159:harp-style veenas
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212:"The History"
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873:Chordophones
863:Tube zithers
832:Kinnari vina
822:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
599:Anandalahari
465:Gottuvadhyam
321:
313:Alapini vina
312:
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148:stick-zither
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134:ālāpiṇī vīṇā
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72:ālāpiṇī vīṇā
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58:Bangladesh,
44:ālāpiṇī vīṇā
43:
40:Ellora Caves
23:
20:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
19:
837:Pinaka vina
475:Rudra veena
250:Asian Music
152:tube-zither
68:tube zither
60:Pala period
852:Categories
750:Jal tarang
515:Swarmandal
495:Seni Rebab
424:Shruti box
399:Nadaswaram
322:eka-tantri
304:Eka-tantri
169:References
679:Mridangam
379:Harmonium
64:Saraswati
760:Khanjani
745:Ghungroo
689:Pakhawaj
510:Swarabat
505:Surbahar
269:(1960).
138:and the
775:Morsing
770:Manjira
765:Khartal
669:Mardala
649:Kanjira
573:Sarinda
568:Sarangi
558:Dilruba
520:Tanpura
480:Santoor
419:Shehnai
414:Shankha
374:Bansuri
66:with a
38:India,
806:Jivari
755:Kartal
740:Ghatam
735:Chimta
719:Udukai
699:Sambal
684:Nagada
674:Mizhav
654:Khamak
644:Edakka
639:Dholki
634:Dholak
614:Damaru
609:Chenda
604:Chande
583:Violin
460:Ektara
455:Dotara
434:Tharai
429:Sringa
394:Kuzhal
384:Karnay
155:veenas
784:Other
714:Tavil
704:Tabla
694:Parai
664:Madal
624:Duggi
619:Dhaak
563:Esraj
532:Veena
500:Sitar
490:Sarod
409:Pungi
404:Nafir
389:Kombu
190:(PDF)
70:, an
659:Khol
629:Dhol
578:Taus
542:Yazh
470:Pena
439:Venu
150:and
130:The
22:and
93:at
74:or
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254:18
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177:^
352:e
345:t
338:v
218:.
198:4
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
