499:(which roughly translates to "emperor" or "god-king"), but he immediately "abdicated" in favor of his son. On 16 July, In April 1961, Kalonji took the royal title Mulopwe ("King of the Baluba") to tie the state more closely to the pre-colonial Luba Empire. The act divided the South Kasaian authorities and Kalonji was disavowed by the majority of South Kasai's parliamentary representatives in Léopoldville. The move was controversial with members of Kalonji's own party and cost him much support.
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33:
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Kalonji's reign, however, proved to be short-lived. As preparation for the invasion of
Katanga, Congolese government troops invaded and occupied South Kasai, becoming involved in ethnic-based violence and displacing thousands of Baluba. On 30 December, Kalonji was arrested. He managed to escape
476:
on 8 August, with himself as head. Unlike
Tshombe, Kalonji shrank from declaring full independence from the Congo and rather declared its "autonomy" with a hypothetical, federalised Congo. He, as representatives of his party, continued to sit in the Congolese parliaments in
503:
shortly afterwards. The administrative apparatus of South Kasai survived, under
Congolese occupation, until a coup d'état was led against Kalonjists by the state's Prime Minister, Joseph Ngalula, in October 1962 when the state returned to the Congo.
433:. Kalonji, however, split with Lumumba to form a federalist faction of the party, known as the Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji (MNC-K), which failed to achieve significant success while Lumumba was made Prime Minister of the
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for five years. He graduated as an agricultural assistant in 1948. In 1951, he was hired by the colony as an agricultural assistant and later became an
523:. He returned to the Congo between 1964-65 to hold a ministerial portfolio in the central government led by Tshombe but returned to exile following
401:
of Kasai honored him on his 80th birthday. Albert
Kalonji died on 20 April 2015, in Mbuji-Mayi, at the age of 85. He was buried in the village of
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220:. Internal disagreements led to the split of the MNC into two branches, known as MNC-Lumumba and MNC-Kalonji. In 1960, Kalonji was
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546:("Congo 1960. The South Kasai Secession. Truth from the Mulopwe", published 2005). He died in April 2015 and was buried in
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found itself torn between competing political factions, as well as by foreign interference. As the situation deteriorated,
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Kalonji, claiming that the Baluba were being persecuted in the Congo and needed their own state in their traditional
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Albert
Kalonji was born on 6 June 1929, in Hemptinne Saint-Benoît (currently Bunkondo) near present-day
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382:. He then went into exile in Spain for 18 months. He served as a minister from 1964 to 1965 under
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of the "Federated
Kingdom of South Kasai." to preserve the cultural heritage of his people (
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542:("Memorandum: My fight in Kasai in the Service of Truth and Justice", published 1964) and
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538:(Sovereign Owner of the Lands occupied by the Baluba). He wrote about his experiences in
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for victory to express his confidence in South Kasai's ability to achieve its goals.
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On 12 April 1961, Kalonji's father, Edmond
Mukanya Mulenda, was granted the title
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321:. In August 1959, he was convicted of "inciting racial hatred" (conflict between
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homeland, followed suit shortly afterwards and declared the autonomy of the
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in June, he was considered for a ministerial position but was excluded by
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on 12 April 1961. This de facto independence lasted until
September 1962.
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Memorandum: Ma lutte, au Kasai, pour la Verité au service de la
Justice
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765:""Zaire: A Country Study", "Establishment of a Personalistic Regime""
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of South Kasai" (under the name Albert I) in 1961, he dissolved the
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single party, the
Popular Movement of the Revolution. In 2008, the
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Governors of provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
802:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2012).
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The Imperial Collection: The Autonomous State of South Kasai
715:
Chief of Station, Congo: Fighting the Cold War in a Hot Zone
544:
Congo 1960. La Sécession du Sud-Kasaï. La vérité du Mulopwe
625:"8 août 1960:Proclamation de l'état autonome su Sud Kasaï"
216:(MNC), he campaigned with him for the independence of the
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Souverain Possesseur des Terres occupées par les Balubas
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Within days of being independent from Belgium, the new
808:. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press USA.
594:) is added to a human noun to form a plural. As such,
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In September 1962, Albert Kalonji was overthrown in a
749:"Sous le Signe V Kalonji veut reconquérir le Kasaï".
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21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
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In exile in Europe, Kalonji still claimed the title
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662:Tribune, International Herald (25 November 2015).
884:Heads of state of states with limited recognition
889:Democratic Republic of the Congo anti-communists
566:Not to be confused with the neighboring country
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297:In 1957, he joined the Provincial Council of
279:before studying at an agricultural school in
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45:Mulopwe / God-king / Emperor of the Baluba
31:
20:
874:Mouvement National Congolais politicians
386:, leaving the government shortly before
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570:, sometimes known as Congo-Brazzaville.
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68:9 August 1960 – 5 October 1962
598:refers collectively to members of the
519:Escaping from arrest, Kalonji fled to
337:Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference
689:"RDC: décès d'Albert Kalonji Mulopwe"
313:that same year. In 1959, he opened a
7:
515:Kalonji Ditunga at a later age, 2010
317:in Kasai and became a member of the
247:and the Kasaian people. Kalonji was
171:(6 June 1929 – 20 April 2015) was a
156:Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji
830:RDC: décès d'Albert Kalonji Mulopwe
664:"1965: Mobutu Seizes Power in Coup"
421:, began his political career under
879:Heads of state of former countries
378:instigated by his prime minister,
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25:Albert Kalonji Ditunga (Albert I)
507:Legacy and subsequent activities
335:In 1960, he participated in the
146:Democratic Republic of the Congo
16:Congolese politician (1929–2015)
805:Dictionary of African Biography
753:(in French). 15 September 1960.
425:as a member of the nationalist
353:autonomous State of South Kasai
203:Federated State of South Kasai
53:(first as President, later as
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453:declared the independence of
331:president of the MNC-Kalonji.
201:and later became king of the
427:Mouvement National Congolais
786:Akyeampong & Gates 2012
650:Akyeampong & Gates 2012
311:Congolese National Movement
214:Congolese National Movement
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894:People of the Congo Crisis
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363:and adopted the title of
275:-run Catholic schools in
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909:Self-proclaimed monarchy
695:(in French). 21 May 2015
623:Messager (7 June 2010).
347:. In August, he became
208:Co-founder, along with
89:position disestablished
668:IHT Retrospective Blog
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199:Baluba ya Kasai(Bambo)
78:Edmond Mukanya Mulenda
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447:Republic of the Congo
423:Belgian colonial rule
525:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
301:. He was invited to
429:(MNC) party led by
405:(Miabi Territory).
393:In 1980, he joined
319:Legislative Council
273:Scheut Missionaries
859:Monarchs in Africa
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815:978-0-19-538207-5
600:Luba ethnic group
488:, he adopted the
486:Winston Churchill
461:on 11 July 1960.
435:independent Congo
419:Luba ethnic group
365:Mulopwe (emperor)
307:1958 World's Fair
189:. He was elected
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48:Head of State of
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341:national deputy
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769:. Retrieved
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137:(2015-04-20)
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84:Succeeded by
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18:
869:Luba people
854:2015 deaths
849:1929 births
834:Radio Okapi
693:Radio Okapi
631:(in French)
629:MBOKAMOSIKA
529:coup d'état
474:South Kasai
441:South Kasai
413:Kalonji, a
369:Luba people
237:South Kasai
180:businessman
118:6 June 1929
74:Preceded by
50:South Kasai
904:Pretenders
843:Categories
610:References
361:government
339:. Elected
315:tax office
289:Luluabourg
285:accountant
263:Early life
257:Luba tribe
176:politician
142:Mbuji-Mayi
122:Luluabourg
114:1929-06-06
437:in 1960.
417:from the
349:president
245:ministers
212:, of the
197:) of the
182:from the
173:Congolese
64:In office
771:3 August
579:In most
527:'s 1965
395:Mobutu's
388:Mobutu's
305:for the
303:Brussels
292:tribunal
287:for the
255:and the
241:nobility
187:nobility
717:, p. 62
699:21 June
673:21 June
635:21 June
548:Katende
497:Mulopwe
470:diamond
457:as the
403:Katende
390:coup.
351:of the
281:Kisantu
277:Lusambo
269:Kananga
251:by the
249:crowned
239:by the
227:of the
225:emperor
222:elected
195:Mulopwe
191:emperor
158:(MNC-K)
812:
596:Baluba
585:prefix
583:, the
490:V sign
472:-rich
399:Baluba
327:Baluba
253:church
554:Notes
466:Kasai
415:chief
323:Lulua
299:Kasai
229:Lubas
218:Congo
810:ISBN
773:2014
701:2024
675:2024
637:2024
357:king
325:and
243:the
231:and
178:and
132:Died
104:Born
55:King
832:at
592:wa-
588:ba-
371:).
235:of
124:),
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722:^
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