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294:, if we may use the term ... he understands what does not appear to be understood in London...". According to Edwards, Cavos ridiculed the idea that acoustical properties of a building cannot be ensured by design; he deliberately designed, built and outfitted his theatres for sound. "It (the Bolshoi) is constructed as a musical instrument", commented Cavos.
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278:. White colour, the bright crimson drapings, overstrewn with golden interior decoration of the boxes, different on each storey, the plaster arabesques and the main effect of the auditorium – its grand chandelier...". Cavos retained a personal "architect's box" at the Bolshoi, which later passed to his descendants from the
161:, in 1813, and slowly dragged until 1818. Cavos dedicated ten years to this project; the theatre reopened as Saint Petersburg's main opera stage in 1836. However, the art of opera found little attention at the court; operas by Russian composers were banned in 1843 and in 1846 the Russian opera company migrated to Moscow's
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in 1835. She and
Alberto had four children. Alberto Cavos married Xenia, his second wife, when she was only 17; they had three children. However, his extramarital adventures destroyed the marriage; in the end, Alberto Cavos bequeathed his business interests to his new mistress, having nearly ruined
337:
The private life of
Alberto Cavos and his family has been made public by his grandson, Alexander Benois. According to Benois, Cavos was overwhelmed by lucrative contracts and quickly made a fortune that allowed him, in addition to Saint Petersburg lifestyle, to keep a luxurious home on the Grand
249:
in Moscow was destroyed by fire that left only exterior wall standing. Cavos secured the contract to rebuild the theatre and substantially expanded and altered Bove's original plan, creating
Bolshoi as it was known before closing down for restoration in 2005. Despite the economic downturn that
297:
Modern architects add a sober note: despite excellent acoustics, the
Bolshoi suffered from poor build quality and poor planning of its public areas. The former may be in part blamed on local contractors, 16-month rush schedule and a modest budget of 900,000 roubles.
201:
ordered Cavos to rebuild the theatre "with all the improvements that had been needed to be made when the circus building was turned into a theatre.The Czar further orders that the
Architect preserve the interior decoration as it used to be". Cavos retained the
302:, who restored Bolshoi in 1920–1932, bitterly commented on the architect's decision to close and fill with earth the original groundfloor galleries that housed cloakrooms before the 1853 fire. Large spans of load-bearing brick walls were laid without
334:. Apart from theatres, Cavos is credited with design of dozens of buildings in Saint Petersburg and its suburbs. Most of these buildings were subsequently expanded and rebuilt, losing their original architectural trim.
197:. The Circus opened on January 20, 1849, and soon became a home stage for the Russian opera company that returned from Moscow in 1850. Nine years later, on January 26, 1859, the Circus burnt down;
206:
facade of the Circus, but completely redesigned the interiors, replacing the old circular arena with a horseshoe-shapes "Italian" opera hall. The new theatre opened in
October 1860 as Imperial
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in Saint
Petersburg. The architect's last work was a competition entry for the design of the Paris opera; according to Alexander Benois, his drafts were approved by
338:
Canal in Venice and amass a vast collection of art there. After his death these treasures were brought to Saint
Petersburg and split between his numerous heirs.
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462:
310:, were shifting erratically since 19th century. By the end of the 20th century, salvaging Bolshoi required a complete replacement of foundations.
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of the period, Cavos described his work as "making the auditorium as magnificent as possible and to produce a light effect, if possible, in the
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137:'s workshop. His brother Giovanni (Ivan, 1805–1861) was trained in music and assisted his father in Saint Petersburg opera.
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In 1847–1848 Cavos designed and built a wooden
Equestrian Circus Theatre in Saint Petersburg, on a square now known as
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154:
380:
638:
567:
Amburger, Erik. "Erik-Amburger-Datenbank: Auslander im vorrevolutionaren
Russland". Accessed January 26, 2012.
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85:
May 22] 1863) was a Russian–Italian architect best known for his theatre designs, the builder of the
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262:, to reopen the theatre in time for his successor's coronation. Bolshoi indeed reopened in the presence of
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in 1770, the theatre burnt down in 1811; restoration was interrupted by the death of its supervisor,
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family), and his wife, Camilla Baglioni, who had settled in Russia in 1798, after the fall of the
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288:, contemporary British journalist, praised Cavos as being "not only an architect, but also an
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420:(Second ed.). Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 96.
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on August 20, 1856, featuring a new grand hall for 2,150 spectators. In line with the
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169:. Nevertheless, the theatre retained its Italian company and became a home stage for
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363:(then a junior partner of Alberto Cavos) and gave birth to nine siblings of the
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251:
47:
24:
689:
Stravinsky and the Russian traditions: a biography of the works through Mavra
353:(1824–1883) also became a notable Saint Petersburg architect and businessman;
290:
558:
Benois, Alexandre. (1960). ""Memoirs", Vol. 1, London: Chatto & Windus
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Constantin Cavos (1826–1890) was a diplomat in Imperial Russian service;
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In 1826 Cavos received his first commission – rebuilding of the former
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306:; weak foundations underneath, placed in the bend of subterranean
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ballet and operated until 1886, when it was rebuilt it into the
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Alberto's first wife, Aloysia Carolina (née Carobio), died of
254:, the work rushed through, especially after the death of tsar
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and then returned to Russia to complete practical training in
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his legitimate wife and children. Among these children,
620:
The Operatic State: Cultural Policy and the Opera House
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569:http://88.217.241.77/amburger/index.php?id=1080321
753:People from the Russian Empire of Italian descent
379:(1870–1960) and Yekaterina Benois who married
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318:In 1859 Cavos completed the rebuilding of
81:December 22, 1800] – June 3 [
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405:
522:
520:
487:
485:
483:
439:
437:
418:Historical dictionary of Russian music
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652:Fitzlyon, Kiryl; et al. (2003).
501:
499:
497:
463:"Mariinsky theatre at Decca Classics"
7:
655:The Companion Guide to St Petersburg
536:
534:
532:
181:Mariinsky Theatre (Saint Petersburg)
129:. Alberto Cavos was educated in the
599:Zhizn khudozhnika (Жизнь художника)
748:Architects from the Russian Empire
359:Camilla Cavos (1828–1891) married
141:Bolshoi Theatre (Saint Petersburg)
14:
713:. Northwestern University Press.
681:, January 16, 2006, No. 3 (501).
710:Petrushka: Sources and Contexts
274:style in combination with the
165:, built in the same period by
159:Jean-François Thomas de Thomon
1:
602:(in Russian). Moscow: Nauka.
175:Saint Petersburg Conservatory
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
16:Russian architect (1800–1863)
647:. London: W.H. Allen and Co.
692:. Oxford University Press.
395:was Leon Benois's grandson.
250:accompanied the disastrous
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774:
758:University of Padua alumni
686:Taruskin, Richard (1996).
579:Benois, volume 1 chapter 6
505:Benois, volume 1 chapter 5
109:Alberto Cavos was born in
55:Alberto Katerinovich Cavos
19:In this name that follows
18:
673:Melnikova, Irina (2006).
639:Edwards, Henry Sutherland
383:and became the mother of
330:, the job was awarded to
74:Albert Katerinovich Kavos
63:Альберт Катеринович Кавос
62:
707:Wachtel, Andrew (1998).
326:but when Cavos died, at
286:Henry Sutherland Edwards
218:Bolshoi Theatre (Moscow)
77:; January 3, 1801 [
314:Private life and legacy
147:Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre
617:Bereson, Ruth (2002).
416:Jaffé, Daniel (2022).
324:Napoleon III of France
264:Alexander II of Russia
242:
230:
210:, named after Empress
190:
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381:Eugene Lanceray (Sr.)
236:
225:
188:
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658:. Companion Guides.
644:The Russians at Home
389:Zinaida Serebriakova
320:Mikhaylovsky Theatre
256:Nicholas I of Russia
93:(1859–1860) and the
245:On March 11, 1853,
131:University of Padua
243:
231:
212:Maria Alexandrovna
191:
189:Mariinsky Theatre.
127:Republic of Venice
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46:Alberto Cavos, by
594:Benois, Alexander
208:Mariinsky Theatre
87:Mariinsky Theatre
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443:Fitzlyon, p. 253
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377:Alexander Benois
308:Neglinnaya River
260:Alexander Benois
111:Saint Petersburg
91:Saint Petersburg
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385:Eugene Lanceray
361:Nicholas Benois
332:Charles Garnier
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276:Byzantine style
258:– according to
247:Bolshoi Theatre
239:Bolshoi Theatre
227:Bolshoi Theatre
220:
183:
163:Bolshoi Theatre
155:Antonio Rinaldi
143:
119:Catterino Cavos
117:opera composer
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95:Bolshoi Theatre
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677:(in Russian).
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229:in Cavos times
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195:Theatre Square
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623:. Routledge.
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393:Peter Ustinov
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375:(1856–1928),
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371:(1852–1936),
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369:Albert Benois
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365:Benois family
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237:Main hall of
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171:Marius Petipa
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151:Stone Theatre
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101:(1853–1856).
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471:. Retrieved
467:the original
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367:, including
351:Caesar Cavos
343:tuberculosis
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300:Ivan Rerberg
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199:Alexander II
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153:). Built by
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29:Katerinovich
28:
743:1863 deaths
738:1800 births
373:Leon Benois
291:acoustician
272:Renaissance
268:eclecticism
252:Crimean War
167:Joseph Bové
135:Carlo Rossi
105:Early years
33:family name
732:Categories
587:References
473:2009-03-21
204:Romanesque
25:patronymic
540:Melnikova
241:in Moscow
68:romanized
641:(1861).
596:(1989).
328:Peterhof
115:Venetian
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59:Russian
717:
696:
662:
627:
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424:
391:. Sir
304:mortar
99:Moscow
50:(1849)
23:, the
679:Itogi
400:Notes
149:(the
123:Cavos
121:(see
37:Cavos
715:ISBN
694:ISBN
660:ISBN
625:ISBN
604:ISBN
422:ISBN
387:and
83:O.S.
79:O.S.
48:Dusi
113:to
97:in
89:in
35:is
27:is
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