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in
Cleveland observed the changes in a 1975 interview: "I think the '60s are ending about now. Now we are really starting the '70s. The emphasis is shifting back to entertainment instead of being 'relevant.' In fact, I wouldn't call our station progressive radio. That's outdated. I call it radio. But
430:
The continuity of rock artists and songs carried through each phase links the freeform, progressive, and AOR formats. Programmers and DJs of the freeform and progressive phases continued to cultivate a repertoire of rock music and style of delivery that became the foundations of AOR and classic rock
178:
genres initially established album-oriented radio. In the mid-1970s, AOR was characterized by a layered, mellifluous sound and sophisticated production with considerable dependence on melodic hooks. The AOR format achieved tremendous popularity in the late 1960s to the early 1980s through research
355:
Radio consultants Kent
Burkhart and Lee Abrams significantly affected AOR programming. The two consultants created Kent Burkhart/Lee Abrams & Associates, which became one of the most prominent AOR consulting firms during the mid to late 1970s. Abrams' SuperStars format, previously developed at
343:). However, program directors and consultants took on a more significant role in song selection, generally limiting airplay to just a few "focus tracks" from a particular album and concentrating on artists with a more "commercial" sound than those featured a few years earlier. Noted DJ "
501:, and other industry observers criticized AOR radio for lacking Black artists in their programming. AOR programmers responded that the lack of diversity was the result of increased specialization of radio formats driven by ratings and audience demographics. In 1983, the success of
470:
were free to choose which track(s) to play off a given album and the latitude to decide the playlist order. Consequently, AOR radio gave mainstream exposure to album tracks that never became hits on the record charts limited to singles;
253:
had the freedom to play long sets of music, often covering a variety of genres. Not limited to hits or singles, DJs often played obscure or longer tracks by newer or more adventurous artists rather than those heard on
488:
or music director rather than the DJ. Still, when an AOR station added an album to rotation, they often focused on numerous tracks simultaneously rather than playing the singles as they were individually released.
182:
From the early 1980s onward, the abbreviation AOR transitioned from "album-oriented radio" to "album-oriented rock", meaning radio stations specialized in classic rock recorded during the late 1960s and 1970s.
269:." With this shift, stations' formats in the early 1970s were now billed as progressive. However, DJs still had input over the music they played. The selection was deep and eclectic, with a range of genres.
339:
began to exert more control over what songs played on air, progressive stations evolved into the album-oriented rock format. Stations still played longer songs and deep album tracks (rather than just
431:
radio. Those AOR stations, which decided to stay demographically rooted, became classic rock stations by eschewing newer bands and styles for which their older listeners might have tuned out.
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in New York began to shift its freeform progressive rock format into a tighter, hit-oriented rock format similar to what would later become known as AOR. WPLJ's parent company,
328:
in San Diego, began using detailed listener research and expanded playlists in shifting the Top 40 station toward a progressive rock format. Meanwhile, at competing station
368:, it was considerably more restricted than freeform or progressive radio. Their firm advised program directors for a substantial segment of AOR stations all over the U.S.
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With a few exceptions, commercial freeform had a relatively brief life. With more listeners acquiring FM radios, it became more important for stations to attract larger
238:
of the programming from their AM counterparts. AM/FM affiliate station owners fought these new regulations, delaying the enactment until
January 1, 1967.
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332:, program director Mike Harrison was similarly applying Top 40 concepts to the progressive format, which he dubbed "album-oriented rock."
305:, where McLendon cut over 90% of the station's album library and pushed popular evening jock Jim Santella—whom McLendon did not like—to
459:, all utilize the same basic principles, with the most popular songs repeating every two to six hours, depending on their rank in the
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stations of the day. This new format caused albums, instead of singles, to be rock's main artistic vehicle in the 1960s and 1970s.
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By the late 1970s, AOR radio stations began to focus on a more narrowly defined rock sound. Stations began reducing the number of
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While still based on the rotation concept, AOR focused on the album as a whole rather than singles. In the early 1970s, many
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to sell more advertising. By 1970, many of the stations were instituting programming rules with a "clock" and system of "
190:", a radio format that also uses the initialism "AOR" and covers not only album-oriented rock but also album tracks and "
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Heron, Kim and Graff, Gary. "Racism in the World of Rock/On Some
Stations, Blacks Hardly Ever Make the Airwaves"
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The freeform format in commercial radio was created to program the FM airwaves inexpensively. Programmers like
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artists played and effectively eliminated most Black artists from airplay. While AOR had once championed
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I heard a good word in the trades, AOR. That's Album-Oriented Rock. That's a name for the '70s."
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The album-oriented rock radio format started with programming concepts in the 1960s. The
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created in the United States in the late 1960s that focuses on the full repertoire of
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WQDR, was based on extensive research, focused on the most popular artists, such as
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and formal programming to create an album rock format with great commercial appeal.
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Chicago destroyed disco records on his radio show, culminating in the notorious
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727:. New York, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 120–121.
234:(FCC) adopted a non-duplication rule prohibiting FM radio stations from running a
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830:"Exclusion of Most Black Music from AOR seen as a Consequence of Playing it Safe"
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chart during the same week in April 1983. Through the remainder of the 1980s,
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US radio stations dedicated to playing album tracks by rock artists from the
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Anderson, Dale (May 20, 1972). "Free-Form Rock Radio Is Tied By New Rules."
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Gent, George. "AM-FM Radio
Stations Ready For the Great Divide Tomorrow"
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King, Bill. "Burkhart Opens Doors To Suite and Format
Secrets"
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Later in the 1970s, AOR stations shifted song selection to a
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Most radio formats are based on a select, tight rotation of
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Thompson, Bill. "As
Formats Change, Cries of Bias Arise"
776:"Burkhart/Abrams: Superstars Among Radio Consultants"
813:"Record World Presents, "The Burkhart/Abrams Story""
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
297:followed suit on his stations, most infamously at
725:Early '70s Radio: The American Format Revolution
497:In the early 1980s, Black Music Association, a
186:The term is also commonly conflated with "
857:Goldstein, Patrick. "FM Radio: Redneck Rock?"
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194:" from a range of other rock genres, such as
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249:in San Francisco developed stations where
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
691:"NY Radio Archive - WABC-FM / WPLJ 95.5"
611:"The 50 Greatest AOR Albums of All Time"
163:albums and is currently associated with
580:
477:, for instance, did not establish an
7:
2167:Rock music and the fall of communism
65:adding citations to reliable sources
764:November 28, 1975: Action Tab p. 26
760:Scott, Jane. "Rock reverberations"
223:formats developed the tone for AOR
25:
633:"Pomp Rock, a sub-genre overview"
232:Federal Communications Commission
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871:Sullivan, Paul (June 13, 2019).
811:Kirkeby, Marc (April 22, 1978).
774:Kirkeby, Marc (April 22, 1978).
41:
2085:Progressive rock (radio format)
787:(The Burkhart/Abrams Story): 4.
52:needs additional citations for
347:" Travagliante of the station
1:
589:"Radio Broadcasting Glossary"
481:for album tracks until 1981.
447:, though other formats, like
317:in Raleigh, North Carolina.
2115:List of years in rock music
559:also received AOR airplay.
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2220:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
511:led to the album's track "
29:
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2142:Electronics in rock music
1808:Hard rock and heavy metal
1302:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
2120:Origins of rock and roll
227:for much of its heyday.
211:Freeform and progressive
30:Not to be confused with
27:American FM radio format
2060:Adult album alternative
861:September 21, 1980: T80
230:In July 1964, the U.S.
2152:Rock Against Communism
1551:Brazilian thrash metal
801:September 23, 1978: 22
695:www.nyradioarchive.com
443:. The best example is
421:Disco Demolition Night
324:, program director at
2174:Rockism and poptimism
1634:British rock and roll
900:February 15, 1982: D1
898:Philadelphia Inquirer
749:Rock Around the World
723:Simpson, Kim (2011).
657:December 31, 1966: 39
613:. Louder. May 1, 2019
335:In the mid-1970s, as
76:"Album-oriented rock"
2009:Sahara desert region
1297:Pub rock (Australia)
710:Buffalo Evening News
150:album-oriented radio
148:, originally called
61:improve this article
2200:List of rock genres
2162:Rock Against Sexism
2157:Rock Against Racism
2065:Album-oriented rock
913:January 9, 1983: 1C
837:World Radio History
525:Little Red Corvette
289:in Los Angeles and
188:adult-oriented rock
142:Album-oriented rock
32:Adult-oriented rock
2308:Rock radio formats
911:Detroit Free Press
839:. December 9, 1978
747:Peeples, Stephen.
591:. Radio Connection
515:," which featured
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2215:Progressive music
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1131:Experimental rock
1028:Instrumental rock
859:Los Angeles Times
734:978-1-4411-2968-0
676:Radio and Records
499:trade association
337:program directors
303:Buffalo, New York
277:In October 1971,
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16:(Redirected from
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2110:British Invasion
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1469:North America
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1216:Southern rock
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1136:Flamenco rock
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1043:Rock and roll
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1013:not included)
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557:Lenny Kravitz
554:
553:Living Colour
550:
549:Tracy Chapman
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479:airplay chart
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432:
428:
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425:Comiskey Park
422:
418:
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398:
397:Stevie Wonder
395:artists like
394:
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358:Fleetwood Mac
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78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2279:
2267:
2235:Rock musical
2225:Rock concert
2070:Classic rock
2064:
1799:Yugoslavian
1644:Post-Britpop
1525:Puerto Rican
1518:Chicano rock
1398:Slacker rock
1121:Country rock
1086:Baroque rock
910:
905:
897:
892:
880:. Retrieved
876:
866:
858:
853:
841:. Retrieved
836:
824:
806:
798:
793:
784:Record World
782:
769:
761:
756:
748:
743:
724:
718:
708:
703:
694:
685:
674:
662:
654:
649:
639:December 16,
637:. Retrieved
627:
617:December 16,
615:. Retrieved
605:
595:December 16,
593:. Retrieved
583:
536:
506:
496:
483:
472:
465:
438:
429:
370:
366:Top 40 radio
354:
334:
319:
293:in Detroit.
276:
263:market share
260:
240:
229:
214:
185:
181:
169:
165:classic rock
157:radio format
149:
145:
141:
140:
138:
123:
117:January 2024
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2080:Modern rock
2055:Active rock
2035:New Zealand
1863:Bangladeshi
1858:Azerbaijani
1493:Costa Rican
1449:Viking rock
1439:Stoner rock
1358:Gothic rock
1181:Occult rock
1156:Heavy metal
1146:Garage rock
1116:Comedy rock
1106:Chamber pop
1101:Boogie rock
882:November 8,
843:November 8,
545:Jon Butcher
453:smooth jazz
441:hit singles
435:Programming
411:. In 1979,
309:. In 1973,
243:Tom Donahue
221:progressive
2297:Categories
2240:Rock opera
2195:Beatlesque
2030:Australian
1949:Rock kapak
1932:Visual kei
1912:Indonesian
1755:Portuguese
1740:Macedonian
1735:Lithuanian
1614:Belarusian
1593:Venezuelan
1578:Ecuadorian
1561:Tropicália
1556:Samba rock
1388:Rock kapak
1378:Jangle pop
1373:Indie rock
1327:Yacht rock
1322:Visual kei
1312:Shock rock
1252:Dance-rock
1242:Arena rock
1226:Swamp rock
1221:Space rock
1206:Samba rock
1201:Roots rock
1176:Noise rock
1096:Blues rock
1091:Beat music
1060:Surf music
1055:Rockabilly
1033:Latin rock
970:Distortion
958:Components
951:Rock music
575:References
541:Top Tracks
537:Billboard'
529:Eddy Grant
413:Steve Dahl
322:Ron Jacobs
311:Lee Abrams
87:newspapers
18:Album rock
1978:Taiwanese
1961:Pakistani
1944:Malaysian
1872:1959–1975
1868:Cambodian
1830:Post-punk
1795:Ukrainian
1775:Slovenian
1745:Norwegian
1715:Icelandic
1710:Hungarian
1673:Nederbeat
1588:Uruguayan
1573:Colombian
1546:Brazilian
1541:Argentine
1503:Dominican
1444:Sufi rock
1434:Post-rock
1429:Math rock
1403:Trop rock
1353:Dream pop
1348:Deathrock
1317:Soft rock
1307:Punk rock
1292:Power pop
1287:Post-punk
1262:Glam rock
1257:Funk rock
1247:Cock rock
1211:Soft rock
1196:Raga rock
1171:Krautrock
1166:Jazz rock
1151:Hard rock
1141:Folk rock
1006:Genres by
975:Rock band
799:Billboard
569:Album era
505:'s album
493:Criticism
474:Billboard
405:Sly Stone
320:In 1972,
236:simulcast
225:playlists
196:soft rock
192:deep cuts
172:hard rock
2269:Category
1956:Nepalese
1927:Japanese
1883:Filipino
1853:Armenian
1825:New wave
1803:Art rock
1760:Romanian
1685:Estonian
1668:Indorock
1653:Croatian
1609:Albanian
1583:Peruvian
1488:Canadian
1476:American
1393:Shoegaze
1383:Rap rock
1277:New wave
1081:Art rock
1038:Pop rock
995:Drum kit
965:Backbeat
563:See also
527:"), and
508:Thriller
461:rotation
360:and the
267:rotation
217:freeform
200:pop rock
152:) is an
2205:Motorik
2188:Related
2100:Culture
2097:History
2023:Oceania
2014:Zambian
2004:Angolan
1988:Turkish
1973:Russian
1922:Israeli
1917:Iranian
1900:Bengali
1888:Bisrock
1878:Chinese
1785:Swedish
1780:Spanish
1770:Serbian
1765:Russian
1730:Latvian
1725:Italian
1690:Finnish
1639:Britpop
1629:British
1624:Bosnian
1619:Belgian
1568:Chilean
1513:Mexican
1508:Haitian
1419:Britpop
1048:British
679:. 1978.
513:Beat It
449:country
393:R&B
345:Kid Leo
341:singles
206:History
101:scholar
2313:Albums
2281:Portal
1997:Africa
1939:Korean
1895:Indian
1750:Polish
1700:German
1695:French
1658:Danish
1602:Europe
1368:Grunge
731:
555:, and
521:Prince
455:, and
445:Top 40
403:, and
391:, and
379:, and
362:Eagles
326:KGB-FM
256:Top 40
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1790:Swiss
1720:Irish
1705:Greek
1678:Ultra
1663:Dutch
1498:Cuban
1412:1990s
1363:Grebo
1336:1980s
1235:1970s
1069:1960s
1021:1950s
833:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
671:(PDF)
457:urban
409:disco
381:blues
273:1970s
108:JSTOR
94:books
2130:Jazz
1983:Thai
1966:Sufi
1905:Raga
1846:Asia
1835:Punk
884:2022
845:2022
729:ISBN
641:2020
619:2020
597:2020
417:WLUP
389:funk
385:soul
377:jazz
373:folk
349:WMMS
330:KPRI
315:WQDR
299:WPHD
291:WRIF
287:KLOS
279:WPLJ
247:KMPX
219:and
198:and
174:and
161:rock
80:news
1424:Emo
1161:Jam
468:DJs
423:at
415:of
401:War
301:in
283:ABC
251:DJs
245:at
146:AOR
63:by
2299::
875:.
835:.
781:.
693:.
673:.
551:,
547:,
539:s
531:("
523:("
451:,
427:.
399:,
387:,
375:,
202:.
167:.
154:FM
1874:)
1870:(
943:e
936:t
929:v
886:.
847:.
818:.
737:.
713:.
697:.
643:.
621:.
599:.
144:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
