Knowledge (XXG)

Algebraic independence

Source đź“ť

2195:
for each row of the matrix, and by using the matrix coefficients within each column to assign each matroid element a linear combination of these transcendentals. The converse is false: not every algebraic matroid has a linear representation.
1891: 1801: 246: 1187: 538: 1698: 1582: 1082: 1257: 1290: 491: 454: 1012: 1913: 1831: 1755: 1720: 1641: 1619: 1545: 1499: 1381: 1139: 200: 1117: 807: 1325: 1462: 1519: 1041: 849: 1407: 2316: 1435: 1353: 1958: 2185: 2146: 2117: 2097: 2073: 2053: 2033: 2002: 1982: 1664: 977: 957: 933: 913: 893: 873: 827: 778: 751: 731: 704: 681: 643: 2337: 2252: 2279: 2224: 100: 2187:, in which the matroid elements correspond to matrix columns, and a set of elements is independent if the corresponding set of columns is 1732: 2383: 636: 588: 2152:. No good characterization of algebraic matroids is known, but certain matroids are known to be non-algebraic; the smallest is the 1836: 2311: 2191:. Every matroid with a linear representation of this type may also be represented as an algebraic matroid, by choosing an 1410: 629: 346: 1760: 106: 1361:
are known to be transcendental, it is not known whether the set of both of them is algebraically independent over
210: 2429: 1356: 1147: 2192: 581: 505: 384: 334: 2079:. In this matroid, the rank of a set of elements is its transcendence degree, and the flat generated by a set 2434: 393: 86: 2160: 852: 550: 401: 352: 133: 1669: 1553: 1057: 1044: 754: 1199: 1265: 467: 430: 2164: 2009: 1808: 274: 148: 993: 2188: 711: 684: 556: 364: 315: 260: 154: 140: 68: 36: 1896: 1814: 1738: 1703: 1624: 1587: 1528: 1467: 1364: 1122: 183: 1087: 786: 569: 127: 55: 1295: 2405: 2379: 2373: 2285: 2275: 2220: 1924: 1440: 610: 407: 172: 113: 1504: 1017: 834: 2346: 2293: 2153: 1804: 1386: 657: 616: 602: 416: 358: 321: 121: 94: 80: 2358: 1964:
can be used to show that there always exists a maximal algebraically independent subset of
2354: 2297: 1930: 1420: 1338: 1048: 936: 378: 328: 166: 1961: 1935: 496: 17: 2170: 2122: 2102: 2082: 2058: 2038: 2018: 1987: 1967: 1649: 1522: 1193:
algebraically independent over the rational numbers, because the nontrivial polynomial
962: 942: 918: 898: 878: 858: 829: 812: 763: 736: 716: 689: 666: 422: 2274:. Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences. Vol. 49 (Second ed.). p. 61. 2423: 2267: 1052: 563: 459: 74: 2247: 595: 370: 266: 2250:(2008), "III.41 Irrational and Transcendental Numbers", in Gowers, Timothy (ed.), 2214: 2005: 988: 575: 286: 160: 42: 757: 340: 2289: 1735:
can often be used to prove that some sets are algebraically independent over
1047:: they are not the roots of any nontrivial polynomial whose coefficients are 2410: 300: 205: 2350: 2004:. Further, all the maximal algebraically independent subsets have the same 294: 280: 2076: 178: 62: 2335:
Ingleton, A. W.; Main, R. A. (1975), "Non-algebraic matroids exist",
661: 875:. In general, all the elements of an algebraically independent set 2148:. A matroid that can be generated in this way is called an 2075:
satisfy the axioms that define the independent sets of a
2314:(1996). "Modular Functions and Transcendence Problems". 1886:{\displaystyle e^{\alpha _{1}},\ldots ,e^{\alpha _{n}}} 2173: 2125: 2105: 2085: 2061: 2041: 2021: 1990: 1970: 1938: 1899: 1839: 1817: 1763: 1741: 1706: 1672: 1652: 1627: 1590: 1556: 1531: 1507: 1470: 1443: 1423: 1389: 1367: 1341: 1298: 1268: 1202: 1150: 1125: 1090: 1060: 1020: 996: 965: 945: 921: 901: 881: 861: 837: 815: 789: 766: 739: 719: 692: 669: 508: 470: 433: 213: 186: 2317:Comptes Rendus de l'AcadĂ©mie des Sciences, SĂ©rie I 2179: 2140: 2111: 2091: 2067: 2047: 2027: 1996: 1976: 1952: 1907: 1885: 1825: 1795: 1749: 1714: 1692: 1658: 1635: 1613: 1576: 1539: 1513: 1493: 1456: 1429: 1401: 1375: 1347: 1319: 1284: 1251: 1181: 1133: 1111: 1076: 1035: 1006: 971: 951: 927: 907: 887: 867: 843: 821: 801: 772: 745: 725: 698: 675: 532: 485: 448: 240: 194: 1796:{\displaystyle \alpha _{1},\ldots ,\alpha _{n}} 637: 8: 1176: 1151: 1119:is algebraically independent over the field 1106: 1091: 1071: 1061: 796: 790: 241:{\displaystyle 0=\mathbb {Z} /1\mathbb {Z} } 27:Set without nontrivial polynomial equalities 2338:Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 2055:, the algebraically independent subsets of 1182:{\displaystyle \{{\sqrt {\pi }},2\pi +1\}} 644: 630: 31: 2256:, Princeton University Press, p. 222 2172: 2124: 2104: 2084: 2060: 2040: 2020: 1989: 1969: 1942: 1937: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1875: 1870: 1849: 1844: 1838: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1787: 1768: 1762: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1651: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1600: 1589: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1506: 1480: 1469: 1448: 1442: 1422: 1388: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1340: 1331:Algebraic independence of known constants 1297: 1275: 1267: 1231: 1201: 1154: 1149: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1089: 1064: 1059: 1019: 997: 995: 964: 944: 920: 900: 880: 860: 836: 814: 788: 765: 738: 718: 691: 668: 533:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} (p^{\infty })} 521: 510: 509: 507: 477: 473: 472: 469: 440: 436: 435: 432: 234: 233: 225: 221: 220: 212: 188: 187: 185: 1893:are also algebraically independent over 2205: 959:generated by the remaining elements of 34: 2378:, New Age International, p. 909, 2253:The Princeton Companion to Mathematics 1525:, are algebraically independent over 915:are by necessity transcendental over 7: 2272:Introduction to Modern Number Theory 101:Free product of associative algebras 2099:of elements is the intersection of 1693:{\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {n}}}} 1621:are algebraically independent over 1577:{\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {3}}}} 1383:. In fact, it is not even known if 1700:is algebraically independent over 1591: 1508: 1471: 1077:{\displaystyle \{{\sqrt {\pi }}\}} 809:is algebraically independent over 522: 25: 1252:{\displaystyle P(x,y)=2x^{2}-y+1} 783:In particular, a one element set 589:Noncommutative algebraic geometry 1285:{\displaystyle x={\sqrt {\pi }}} 486:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} _{p}} 449:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{p}} 2135: 2129: 1608: 1594: 1488: 1474: 1218: 1206: 1007:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\pi }}} 760:equation with coefficients in 527: 514: 1: 2270:; Panchishkin, A. A. (2007). 1733:Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem 1727:Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem 2159:Many finite matroids may be 1908:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1826:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1750:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1715:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1636:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1614:{\displaystyle \Gamma (1/3)} 1540:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1494:{\displaystyle \Gamma (1/4)} 1376:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1134:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 195:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } 2406:"Algebraically Independent" 2375:Applied Discrete Structures 1112:{\displaystyle \{2\pi +1\}} 802:{\displaystyle \{\alpha \}} 347:Unique factorization domain 2451: 1922: 1757:. It states that whenever 1646:for all positive integers 107:Tensor product of algebras 2219:. Springer. p. 174. 1320:{\displaystyle y=2\pi +1} 708:algebraically independent 18:Algebraically independent 2213:Patrick Morandi (1996). 1457:{\displaystyle e^{\pi }} 1051:. Thus, each of the two 385:Formal power series ring 335:Integrally closed domain 2216:Field and Galois Theory 1960:that is not algebraic, 1514:{\displaystyle \Gamma } 1036:{\displaystyle 2\pi +1} 844:{\displaystyle \alpha } 753:do not satisfy any non- 394:Algebraic number theory 87:Total ring of fractions 2181: 2142: 2113: 2093: 2069: 2049: 2029: 1998: 1978: 1954: 1909: 1887: 1827: 1797: 1751: 1716: 1694: 1660: 1637: 1615: 1578: 1541: 1515: 1495: 1458: 1431: 1403: 1402:{\displaystyle \pi +e} 1377: 1349: 1321: 1286: 1253: 1183: 1135: 1113: 1078: 1045:transcendental numbers 1037: 1008: 973: 953: 935:, and over all of the 929: 909: 889: 869: 845: 823: 803: 774: 747: 727: 700: 677: 551:Noncommutative algebra 534: 487: 450: 402:Algebraic number field 353:Principal ideal domain 242: 196: 134:Frobenius endomorphism 2372:Joshi, K. D. (1997), 2182: 2143: 2114: 2094: 2070: 2050: 2030: 1999: 1979: 1955: 1910: 1888: 1828: 1798: 1752: 1717: 1695: 1661: 1638: 1616: 1579: 1542: 1516: 1496: 1459: 1432: 1413:proved in 1996 that: 1404: 1378: 1350: 1322: 1287: 1254: 1184: 1141:of rational numbers. 1136: 1114: 1079: 1038: 1009: 974: 954: 930: 910: 890: 870: 846: 824: 804: 775: 748: 728: 701: 678: 535: 488: 451: 243: 197: 2351:10.1112/blms/7.2.144 2189:linearly independent 2171: 2123: 2103: 2083: 2059: 2039: 2019: 2010:transcendence degree 1988: 1968: 1936: 1897: 1837: 1815: 1809:linearly independent 1761: 1739: 1704: 1670: 1650: 1625: 1588: 1554: 1529: 1505: 1468: 1441: 1430:{\displaystyle \pi } 1421: 1387: 1365: 1348:{\displaystyle \pi } 1339: 1296: 1266: 1200: 1148: 1123: 1088: 1058: 1018: 994: 963: 943: 919: 899: 879: 859: 835: 813: 787: 764: 737: 717: 690: 667: 557:Noncommutative rings 506: 468: 431: 275:Non-associative ring 211: 184: 141:Algebraic structures 1953:{\displaystyle L/K} 733:if the elements of 316:Commutative algebra 155:Associative algebra 37:Algebraic structure 2312:Nesterenko, Yuri V 2177: 2138: 2109: 2089: 2065: 2045: 2025: 2012:of the extension. 1994: 1974: 1950: 1919:Algebraic matroids 1905: 1883: 1823: 1793: 1747: 1712: 1690: 1656: 1633: 1611: 1574: 1537: 1511: 1491: 1454: 1427: 1399: 1373: 1345: 1317: 1282: 1249: 1179: 1131: 1109: 1074: 1033: 1004: 969: 949: 925: 905: 885: 865: 841: 819: 799: 770: 743: 723: 696: 673: 570:Semiprimitive ring 530: 483: 446: 254:Related structures 238: 192: 128:Inner automorphism 114:Ring homomorphisms 2281:978-3-540-20364-3 2226:978-0-387-94753-2 2180:{\displaystyle K} 2150:algebraic matroid 2141:{\displaystyle K} 2112:{\displaystyle L} 2092:{\displaystyle T} 2068:{\displaystyle S} 2048:{\displaystyle L} 2028:{\displaystyle S} 1997:{\displaystyle K} 1977:{\displaystyle L} 1925:Algebraic matroid 1805:algebraic numbers 1686: 1659:{\displaystyle n} 1570: 1280: 1159: 1144:However, the set 1069: 1002: 972:{\displaystyle S} 952:{\displaystyle K} 928:{\displaystyle K} 908:{\displaystyle K} 888:{\displaystyle S} 868:{\displaystyle K} 822:{\displaystyle K} 773:{\displaystyle K} 746:{\displaystyle S} 726:{\displaystyle K} 699:{\displaystyle L} 676:{\displaystyle S} 654: 653: 611:Geometric algebra 322:Commutative rings 173:Category of rings 16:(Redirected from 2442: 2430:Abstract algebra 2416: 2415: 2390: 2388: 2369: 2363: 2361: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2210: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1802: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1773: 1772: 1756: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1665: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1604: 1583: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1520: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1484: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1291: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1236: 1235: 1188: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1160: 1155: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1049:rational numbers 1042: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1003: 998: 978: 976: 975: 970: 958: 956: 955: 950: 937:field extensions 934: 932: 931: 926: 914: 912: 911: 906: 894: 892: 891: 886: 874: 872: 871: 866: 850: 848: 847: 842: 828: 826: 825: 820: 808: 806: 805: 800: 779: 777: 776: 771: 752: 750: 749: 744: 732: 730: 729: 724: 705: 703: 702: 697: 682: 680: 679: 674: 658:abstract algebra 646: 639: 632: 617:Operator algebra 603:Clifford algebra 539: 537: 536: 531: 526: 525: 513: 492: 490: 489: 484: 482: 481: 476: 455: 453: 452: 447: 445: 444: 439: 417:Ring of integers 411: 408:Integers modulo 359:Euclidean domain 247: 245: 244: 239: 237: 229: 224: 201: 199: 198: 193: 191: 95:Product of rings 81:Fractional ideal 40: 32: 21: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2420: 2419: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2282: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2169: 2168: 2121: 2120: 2119:with the field 2101: 2100: 2081: 2080: 2057: 2056: 2037: 2036: 2035:of elements of 2017: 2016: 2008:, known as the 1986: 1985: 1966: 1965: 1934: 1933: 1931:field extension 1927: 1921: 1895: 1894: 1871: 1866: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1834: 1813: 1812: 1783: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1702: 1701: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1648: 1647: 1623: 1622: 1586: 1585: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1527: 1526: 1503: 1502: 1466: 1465: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1419: 1418: 1409:is irrational. 1385: 1384: 1363: 1362: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1294: 1293: 1264: 1263: 1227: 1198: 1197: 1146: 1145: 1121: 1120: 1086: 1085: 1056: 1055: 1016: 1015: 992: 991: 985: 961: 960: 941: 940: 917: 916: 897: 896: 877: 876: 857: 856: 833: 832: 811: 810: 785: 784: 762: 761: 735: 734: 715: 714: 688: 687: 665: 664: 650: 621: 620: 553: 543: 542: 517: 504: 503: 471: 466: 465: 434: 429: 428: 409: 379:Polynomial ring 329:Integral domain 318: 308: 307: 209: 208: 182: 181: 167:Involutive ring 52: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2448: 2446: 2438: 2437: 2435:Matroid theory 2432: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2404:Chen, Johnny. 2398: 2397:External links 2395: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2364: 2345:(2): 144–146, 2327: 2324:(10): 909–914. 2303: 2280: 2259: 2239: 2225: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2176: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2108: 2088: 2064: 2044: 2024: 2015:For every set 1993: 1973: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1903: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1821: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1745: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1710: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1655: 1644: 1631: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1548: 1535: 1523:gamma function 1510: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1451: 1447: 1426: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1371: 1344: 1335:Although both 1332: 1329: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1260: 1259: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1129: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1053:singleton sets 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1001: 984: 981: 968: 948: 924: 904: 884: 864: 853:transcendental 840: 830:if and only if 818: 798: 795: 792: 769: 742: 722: 695: 672: 652: 651: 649: 648: 641: 634: 626: 623: 622: 614: 613: 585: 584: 578: 572: 566: 554: 549: 548: 545: 544: 541: 540: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 493: 480: 475: 456: 443: 438: 426:-adic integers 419: 413: 404: 390: 389: 388: 387: 381: 375: 374: 373: 361: 355: 349: 343: 337: 319: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 304: 303: 291: 290: 289: 283: 271: 270: 269: 251: 250: 249: 248: 236: 232: 228: 223: 219: 216: 202: 190: 169: 163: 157: 151: 137: 136: 130: 124: 110: 109: 103: 97: 91: 90: 89: 83: 71: 65: 53: 51:Basic concepts 50: 49: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2447: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2387: 2385:9788122408263 2381: 2377: 2376: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268:Manin, Yu. I. 2263: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2228: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2206: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2193:indeterminate 2190: 2174: 2167:over a field 2166: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2154:Vámos matroid 2151: 2132: 2126: 2106: 2086: 2078: 2062: 2042: 2022: 2013: 2011: 2007: 1991: 1971: 1963: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1810: 1806: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1734: 1726: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1666:, the number 1653: 1645: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1549: 1524: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1449: 1445: 1424: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1360: 1359: 1342: 1330: 1328: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1262:is zero when 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1142: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1066: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 999: 990: 982: 980: 966: 946: 938: 922: 902: 882: 862: 854: 838: 831: 816: 793: 781: 767: 759: 756: 740: 720: 713: 709: 693: 686: 670: 663: 659: 647: 642: 640: 635: 633: 628: 627: 625: 624: 619: 618: 612: 608: 607: 606: 605: 604: 599: 598: 597: 592: 591: 590: 583: 579: 577: 573: 571: 567: 565: 564:Division ring 561: 560: 559: 558: 552: 547: 546: 518: 502: 500: 494: 478: 464: 463:-adic numbers 462: 457: 441: 427: 425: 420: 418: 414: 412: 405: 403: 399: 398: 397: 396: 395: 386: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 367: 366: 362: 360: 356: 354: 350: 348: 344: 342: 338: 336: 332: 331: 330: 326: 325: 324: 323: 317: 312: 311: 302: 298: 297: 296: 292: 288: 284: 282: 278: 277: 276: 272: 268: 264: 263: 262: 258: 257: 256: 255: 230: 226: 217: 214: 207: 206:Terminal ring 203: 180: 176: 175: 174: 170: 168: 164: 162: 158: 156: 152: 150: 146: 145: 144: 143: 142: 135: 131: 129: 125: 123: 119: 118: 117: 116: 115: 108: 104: 102: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 82: 78: 77: 76: 75:Quotient ring 72: 70: 66: 64: 60: 59: 58: 57: 48: 47: 44: 39:→ Ring theory 38: 33: 30: 19: 2409: 2374: 2367: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2321: 2315: 2306: 2271: 2262: 2251: 2242: 2230:. Retrieved 2215: 2208: 2158: 2149: 2014: 1962:Zorn's lemma 1928: 1730: 1550:the numbers 1417:the numbers 1357: 1334: 1261: 1190: 1143: 989:real numbers 986: 782: 707: 655: 615: 601: 600: 596:Free algebra 594: 593: 587: 586: 555: 498: 460: 423: 392: 391: 371:Finite field 320: 267:Finite field 253: 252: 179:Initial ring 139: 138: 112: 111: 54: 29: 2161:represented 2006:cardinality 576:Simple ring 287:Jordan ring 161:Graded ring 43:Ring theory 2424:Categories 2298:1079.11002 2248:Green, Ben 2200:References 1411:Nesterenko 758:polynomial 582:Commutator 341:GCD domain 2411:MathWorld 2290:0938-0396 2232:April 11, 1873:α 1861:… 1847:α 1807:that are 1785:α 1778:… 1766:α 1679:π 1592:Γ 1563:π 1509:Γ 1472:Γ 1450:π 1425:π 1391:π 1343:π 1309:π 1278:π 1238:− 1168:π 1157:π 1098:π 1067:π 1043:are each 1025:π 1000:π 839:α 794:α 523:∞ 301:Semifield 1929:Given a 1501:, where 987:The two 712:subfield 295:Semiring 281:Lie ring 63:Subrings 2359:0369110 2077:matroid 1833:, then 1521:is the 983:Example 755:trivial 710:over a 497:PrĂĽfer 99:•  2382:  2357:  2296:  2288:  2278:  2223:  2165:matrix 1464:, and 662:subset 149:Module 122:Kernel 2163:by a 1984:over 1811:over 939:over 895:over 855:over 685:field 683:of a 501:-ring 365:Field 261:Field 69:Ideal 56:Rings 2380:ISBN 2286:ISSN 2276:ISBN 2234:2008 2221:ISBN 1803:are 1731:The 1584:and 1355:and 1292:and 1084:and 1014:and 660:, a 2347:doi 2322:322 2294:Zbl 1191:not 1189:is 851:is 706:is 656:In 2426:: 2408:. 2355:MR 2353:, 2341:, 2320:. 2292:. 2284:. 2156:. 1915:. 1437:, 1327:. 979:. 780:. 609:• 580:• 574:• 568:• 562:• 495:• 458:• 421:• 415:• 406:• 400:• 383:• 377:• 369:• 363:• 357:• 351:• 345:• 339:• 333:• 327:• 299:• 293:• 285:• 279:• 273:• 265:• 259:• 204:• 177:• 171:• 165:• 159:• 153:• 147:• 132:• 126:• 120:• 105:• 93:• 85:• 79:• 73:• 67:• 61:• 2414:. 2389:. 2362:. 2349:: 2343:7 2300:. 2236:. 2175:K 2136:] 2133:T 2130:[ 2127:K 2107:L 2087:T 2063:S 2043:L 2023:S 1992:K 1972:L 1948:K 1944:/ 1940:L 1902:Q 1877:n 1868:e 1864:, 1858:, 1851:1 1842:e 1820:Q 1789:n 1781:, 1775:, 1770:1 1744:Q 1722:. 1709:Q 1684:n 1675:e 1654:n 1643:. 1630:Q 1609:) 1606:3 1602:/ 1598:1 1595:( 1568:3 1559:e 1547:. 1534:Q 1489:) 1486:4 1482:/ 1478:1 1475:( 1446:e 1397:e 1394:+ 1370:Q 1358:e 1315:1 1312:+ 1306:2 1303:= 1300:y 1273:= 1270:x 1247:1 1244:+ 1241:y 1233:2 1229:x 1225:2 1222:= 1219:) 1216:y 1213:, 1210:x 1207:( 1204:P 1177:} 1174:1 1171:+ 1165:2 1162:, 1152:{ 1128:Q 1107:} 1104:1 1101:+ 1095:2 1092:{ 1072:} 1062:{ 1031:1 1028:+ 1022:2 967:S 947:K 923:K 903:K 883:S 863:K 817:K 797:} 791:{ 768:K 741:S 721:K 694:L 671:S 645:e 638:t 631:v 528:) 519:p 515:( 511:Z 499:p 479:p 474:Q 461:p 442:p 437:Z 424:p 410:n 235:Z 231:1 227:/ 222:Z 218:= 215:0 189:Z 20:)

Index

Algebraically independent
Algebraic structure
Ring theory
Rings
Subrings
Ideal
Quotient ring
Fractional ideal
Total ring of fractions
Product of rings
Free product of associative algebras
Tensor product of algebras
Ring homomorphisms
Kernel
Inner automorphism
Frobenius endomorphism
Algebraic structures
Module
Associative algebra
Graded ring
Involutive ring
Category of rings
Initial ring
Terminal ring
Field
Finite field
Non-associative ring
Lie ring
Jordan ring
Semiring

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑