2163:
2104:
2270:
2330:
1953:
1875:
2211:
2051:
1989:
1911:
1970:
1892:
2138:
2074:
2032:
1928:
2234:
2006:
2305:
2194:
1850:
413:
248:
1780:
2353:
2162:
2103:
37:
1121:). These associations are thought to be predominantly involved in cellular structure, however, involvement in endocytosis, parasite invasion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell motility, membrane protein trafficking and recycling, signal transduction and tissue compartmentalization have been explored.
821:
Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis share a series of six reversible reactions. In gluconeogenesis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase. In glycolysis fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is made into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate through the
1226:
Trung Hieu Pham, Shreesha Rao, Ta-Chih Cheng, Pei-Chi Wang, Shih-Chu Chen, The moonlighting protein fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a potential vaccine candidate against
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), Developmental & Comparative
2269:
2329:
1952:
1874:
1036:
711:
carbon. Additionally, tyrosine residues are crucial to this mechanism in acting as stabilizing hydrogen acceptors. Class II proteins use a different mechanism which polarizes the carbonyl group with a
2736:
2210:
2050:
1988:
1910:
549:
371:
202:
901:. The chief products of the Calvin cycle are triose phosphate (TP), which is a mixture of DHAP and G3P, and fructose 6-phosphate. Both are also needed to regenerate
221:
2387:
809:, in addition to the usual cytosolic aldolase. A bifunctional fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase, with class I mechanism, has been found widely in
1073:
Aldolase has also been implicated in many "moonlighting" or non-catalytic functions, based upon its binding affinity for many other proteins including
952:
Aldolase is also used in the part of the Calvin cycle shared with gluconeogenesis, with the irreversible phosphate hydrolysis at the end catalyzed by
2831:
2521:
2082:
1032:
885:(3-PGA or 3-PG) is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase catalyzing the last reaction. A fifth reaction, catalyzed in both pathways by
2855:
2729:
1784:
861:. Archaeal fructose-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase is presumably involved in gluconeogenesis because its product is fructose 6-phosphate.
485:
307:
1086:
2938:
1817:
2836:
2786:
1180:"Gene replacement of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase supports the hypothesis of a single photosynthetic ancestor of chromalveolates"
2860:
1114:
2722:
2821:
2586:
2851:
2776:
2380:
214:
2826:
1343:"Determination of fructose metabolic pathways in normal and fructose-intolerant children: a C-13 NMR study using C-13 fructose"
854:
3005:
905:. The aldolase used by plants and algae in the Calvin cycle is usually a plastid-targeted protein encoded by a nuclear gene.
894:
737:
632:
165:
141:
569:
391:
2455:
2365:
1900:
1284:"Genomic sequences of aldolase C (Zebrin II) direct lacZ expression exclusively in non-neuronal cells of transgenic mice"
2905:
767:
1392:
Estelmann S, Hügler M, Eisenreich W, Werner K, Berg IA, Ramos-Vera WH, Say RF, Kockelkorn D, Gad'on N, Fuchs G (2011).
3010:
2476:
2373:
953:
886:
1139:"Exploring substrate binding and discrimination in fructose1, 6-bisphosphate and tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases"
1672:"Structural insights into the substrate binding and stereoselectivity of giardia fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase"
2816:
2771:
2703:
2063:
2024:
1998:
1054:
620:
616:
889:, hydrolyzes the fructose 1-6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. The large decrease in
2948:
2920:
2870:
2806:
2759:
2508:
2242:
2040:
1962:
1012:
902:
671:
608:
505:
327:
1496:
Ahn AH, Dziennis S, Hawkes R, Herrup K (1994). "The cloning of zebrin II reveals its identity with aldolase C".
159:
2995:
2972:
2750:
1810:
1586:"Identification of zinc-binding ligands in the class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Escherichia coli"
857:. The metabolism of free fructose in liver exploits the ability of aldolase B to use fructose 1-phosphate as a
585:
52:
557:
379:
877:
pathway; it is part of photosynthesis, which convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. It and
146:
2811:
2796:
2791:
2531:
2526:
2400:
2202:
2146:
2127:
1028:
990:
2841:
2781:
2659:
2223:
2183:
1282:
Walther EU, Dichgans M, Maricich SM, Romito RR, Yang F, Dziennis S, Zackson S, Hawkes R, Herrup K (1998).
1106:
733:
226:
2679:
2610:
2460:
2449:
1936:
1243:"Archaeal fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases constitute a new family of archaeal type class I aldolase"
898:
853:, while aldolase B is involved in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Some defects in aldolase B cause
697:
134:
553:
375:
2801:
2634:
2581:
1920:
1742:
Perham RN (April 1990). "The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases: same reaction, different enzymes".
1295:
628:
498:
320:
69:
1969:
1891:
751:
in the first half of the sequence of these homologs have been shown to be involved in binding zinc.
510:
332:
3015:
2294:
1884:
1803:
1533:"Aldolase directly interacts with ARNO and modulates cell morphology and acid vesicle distribution"
937:
748:
600:
162:
64:
86:
2910:
1615:
1531:
Merkulova M, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Hosokawa H, Zhuang Z, Brown D, Ausiello DA, Marshansky V (2011).
960:
882:
741:
893:
makes this reaction irreversible. In the Calvin cycle aldolase also catalyzes the production of
2073:
2031:
1713:
Marsh JJ, Lebherz HG (March 1992). "Fructose-bisphosphate aldolases: an evolutionary history".
1057:
maintains DHAP and G3P in near equilibrium, producing the mixture called triose phosphate (TP)
822:
use of aldolase. The aldolase used in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is a cytoplasmic protein.
1927:
1829:
1759:
1730:
1701:
1658:
1607:
1562:
1513:
1478:
1427:
1374:
1323:
1264:
1209:
1160:
890:
771:
679:
544:
366:
153:
2933:
2572:
2233:
2137:
1751:
1722:
1691:
1683:
1648:
1640:
1597:
1552:
1544:
1505:
1468:
1458:
1417:
1409:
1364:
1354:
1313:
1303:
1254:
1199:
1191:
1150:
858:
722:
536:
358:
122:
3000:
2654:
2541:
2408:
2313:
2304:
2005:
1629:"The complete amino acid sequence of human skeletal-muscle fructose-bisphosphate aldolase"
1094:
878:
874:
834:
755:
636:
813:
and in some bacteria. The active site of this archaeal aldolase is also in a TIM barrel.
801:. The two classes are often present together in the same organism. Plants and algae have
98:
1299:
588:
57:
2763:
1696:
1671:
1653:
1628:
1557:
1532:
1473:
1446:
1422:
1393:
759:
663:
197:
2193:
1241:
Siebers B, Brinkmann H, Dörr C, Tjaden B, Lilie H, van der Oost J, Verhees CH (2001).
1204:
1179:
177:
2989:
2957:
2625:
1726:
1602:
1585:
1369:
1342:
1318:
1283:
1155:
1138:
806:
490:
417:
class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in complex with phosphoglycolohydroxamate
312:
172:
441:
276:
2342:
1619:
870:
640:
532:
354:
1195:
1078:
454:
655:, uses the forward reaction. Aldolase is divided into two classes by mechanism.
466:
288:
2714:
2597:
2445:
1670:
Galkin A, Li Z, Li L, Kulakova L, Pal LR, Dunaway-Mariano D, Herzberg O (2009).
786:
701:
694:
675:
181:
1795:
1790:
1548:
2962:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2601:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2429:
2404:
2396:
1858:
1826:
850:
846:
842:
838:
830:
826:
782:
763:
726:
691:
652:
648:
2967:
1849:
1463:
1359:
1228:
794:
745:
644:
1705:
1566:
1509:
1482:
1431:
1308:
1268:
1259:
1242:
1213:
1164:
1779:
1763:
1734:
1662:
1611:
1517:
1378:
1327:
494:
412:
316:
247:
2874:
2645:
1447:"Mechanism of Alolase Control of Sorting Nexin 9 Function in Endocytosis"
1110:
798:
713:
708:
461:
283:
1413:
110:
17:
2924:
2846:
2621:
2536:
2248:
1842:
1755:
1074:
1006:
986:
932:
Aldolase is used in the reversible trunk of gluconeogenesis/glycolysis
810:
802:
478:
473:
300:
295:
129:
1687:
1644:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2411:
1090:
1082:
778:
729:
704:
624:
612:
596:
564:
386:
209:
105:
93:
81:
766:
containing the active site. Several subunits are assembled into the
2352:
2746:
1102:
1037:
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating)
790:
667:
604:
1394:"Labeling and enzyme studies of the central carbon metabolism in
2549:
2545:
2472:
2468:
2464:
1118:
1098:
789:. With few exceptions only class II proteins have been found in
717:
526:
448:
436:
348:
271:
117:
2718:
2369:
1799:
36:
2441:
2437:
2433:
1627:
Freemont PS, Dunbar B, Fothergill-Gilmore LA (February 1988).
881:
share a series of four reversible reactions. In both pathways
925:
sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate ⇌ DHAP + erythrose 4-phosphate
777:
With few exceptions only class I proteins have been found in
1445:
Rangarajan ES, Park H, Fortin E, Sygusch J, Izard T (2010).
662:
also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an
623:(G3P). Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-
252:
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit liver
2947:
2919:
2869:
2758:
2672:
2643:
2619:
2595:
2570:
2563:
2418:
849:in brain. Aldolases A and C are mainly involved in
563:
543:
525:
520:
504:
484:
472:
460:
447:
435:
427:
422:
405:
385:
365:
347:
342:
326:
306:
294:
282:
270:
262:
257:
240:
220:
208:
196:
191:
171:
152:
140:
128:
116:
104:
92:
80:
75:
63:
51:
46:
29:
1065:Thus both DHAP and G3P are available to aldolase.
2680:Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
1341:Gopher A, Vaisman N, Mandel H, Lapidot A (1990).
1227:Immunology,Volume 124,2021,104187,ISSN 0145-305X,
967:O) ⇌ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + 2(NADP + ADP + P
944:O) ⇌ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + 2(NAD + ADP + P
744:of class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase. Two
1137:Zgiby SM, Thomson GJ, Qamar S, Berry A (2000).
1046:1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NAD(P)H + H ⇌ G3P + P
1035:(GAPDH) in gluconeogenesis, and in series with
793:. Both classes have been found widely in other
670:) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as
2730:
2381:
1811:
41:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase octamer, Human
8:
928:fructose 1-phosphate ⇌ DHAP + glyceraldehyde
825:Three forms of class I protein are found in
2737:
2723:
2715:
2567:
2422:
2388:
2374:
2366:
1818:
1804:
1796:
1043:3-PG + ATP ⇌ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP
517:
411:
339:
246:
188:
1695:
1652:
1601:
1556:
1472:
1462:
1421:
1368:
1358:
1317:
1307:
1258:
1229:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2021.104187
1203:
1178:Patron NJ, Rogers MB, Keeling PJ (2004).
1154:
2832:Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase
2522:Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1033:glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1005:In the Calvin cycle 3-PG is produced by
1129:
985:In gluconeogenesis 3-PG is produced by
406:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class-II
1584:Berry A, Marshall KE (February 1993).
917:fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ⇌ DHAP + G3P
402:
241:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class-I
237:
26:
1791:Tolan Laboratory at Boston University
7:
2939:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
2856:Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase
2837:Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase
2787:Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
2861:Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
1115:guanine nucleotide exchange factor
25:
2822:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
2587:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
817:In gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
2852:Uridine monophosphate synthetase
2777:Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
2351:
2328:
2303:
2268:
2232:
2209:
2192:
2161:
2136:
2102:
2072:
2049:
2030:
2004:
1987:
1968:
1951:
1926:
1909:
1890:
1873:
1848:
1778:
1156:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01191.x
736:operon protein, agaY, which are
35:
2827:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
855:hereditary fructose intolerance
805:aldolase, sometimes a relic of
770:. The two classes share little
2884:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
2491:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
1785:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
895:sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate
738:tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase
633:sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate
582:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
30:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
1:
1196:10.1128/EC.3.5.1169-1175.2004
974:fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H
758:of both classes each have an
647:, use the reverse reaction.
521:Available protein structures:
343:Available protein structures:
2906:2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
1727:10.1016/0968-0004(92)90247-7
1603:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81317-S
1347:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1288:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
978:O → fructose 6-phosphate + P
2477:Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
954:fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
887:fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
700:linking a highly conserved
3032:
2817:Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
2772:Acetoacetate decarboxylase
2704:Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
2083:Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
2064:Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
2025:Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
1999:Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
1549:10.1152/ajpcell.00076.2010
1055:Triose-phosphate isomerase
621:glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
617:dihydroxyacetone phosphate
2807:Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
2517:
2509:Triosephosphate isomerase
2486:
2425:
1963:Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
1836:
1537:Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
841:in liver, kidney, and in
609:fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
516:
410:
338:
245:
187:
34:
2973:Spore photoproduct lyase
690:Class I proteins form a
2812:Ornithine decarboxylase
2797:Histidine decarboxylase
2792:Glutamate decarboxylase
2532:Phosphoglycerate mutase
2527:Phosphoglycerate kinase
2401:carbohydrate metabolism
2203:Phosphoglycerate mutase
2147:Phosphoglycerate kinase
2128:1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
1464:10.1074/jbc.M109.092049
1360:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5449
1101:), glucose transporter
1069:Moonlighting properties
1029:phosphoglycerate kinase
991:phosphoglycerate mutase
686:Mechanism and structure
2842:Pyruvate decarboxylase
2782:Arginine decarboxylase
2660:Glycerol dehydrogenase
1510:10.1242/dev.120.8.2081
1309:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2615
1260:10.1074/jbc.M103447200
1107:inositol trisphosphate
1031:acting in series with
734:N-acetyl galactosamine
3006:Moonlighting proteins
2611:Lactate dehydrogenase
2461:Phosphofructokinase 1
2450:Glucose 6-phosphatase
1979:Fructose-bisphosphate
1937:Phosphofructokinase-1
1396:Metallosphaera sedula
963:+ NADPH + H + ATP + H
899:erythrose 4-phosphate
837:in muscle and brain;
680:the list of aldolases
627:1-phosphates such as
2802:Lysine decarboxylase
2635:Alanine transaminase
2582:Pyruvate carboxylase
2564:Gluconeogenesis only
1921:Fructose 6-phosphate
1787:at Wikimedia Commons
1039:in the Calvin cycle
940:+ NADH + H + ATP + H
672:Sialic acid aldolase
629:fructose 1-phosphate
2295:Phosphoenolpyruvate
1901:Glucose-6-phosphate
1885:Glucose 6-phosphate
1744:Biochem. Soc. Trans
1715:Trends Biochem. Sci
1414:10.1128/JB.01155-10
1300:1998PNAS...95.2615W
1027:G3P is produced by
913:Aldolase catalyzes
865:In the Calvin cycle
732:protein, gatY, and
601:reversible reaction
3011:Glycolysis enzymes
2911:Threonine aldolase
2350:
2341:
2302:
2293:
2231:
2224:2-Phosphoglycerate
2222:
2191:
2184:3-Phosphoglycerate
2182:
2135:
2126:
2071:
2062:
1756:10.1042/bst0180185
883:3-phosphoglycerate
833:is preferentially
2983:
2982:
2712:
2711:
2668:
2667:
2559:
2558:
2456:Glucose isomerase
2363:
2362:
2348:
2339:
2300:
2291:
2229:
2220:
2189:
2180:
2133:
2124:
2069:
2060:
1830:metabolic pathway
1783:Media related to
1688:10.1021/bi9001166
1645:10.1042/bj2490779
1093:anion exchanger,
993:acting in series
772:sequence identity
653:catabolic pathway
645:anabolic pathways
579:
578:
575:
574:
570:structure summary
401:
400:
397:
396:
392:structure summary
236:
235:
232:
231:
135:metabolic pathway
16:(Redirected from
3023:
2934:Isocitrate lyase
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2568:
2423:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2355:
2332:
2307:
2272:
2236:
2213:
2196:
2165:
2140:
2106:
2076:
2053:
2034:
2008:
1991:
1972:
1955:
1930:
1913:
1894:
1877:
1852:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1738:
1709:
1699:
1666:
1656:
1623:
1605:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1457:(16): 11983–90.
1442:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1238:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1134:
768:complete protein
756:protein subunits
723:Escherichia coli
603:that splits the
518:
415:
403:
340:
250:
238:
189:
39:
27:
21:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3020:
2996:Protein domains
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2943:
2915:
2865:
2754:
2743:
2713:
2708:
2664:
2655:Glycerol kinase
2639:
2615:
2591:
2555:
2542:Pyruvate kinase
2513:
2482:
2414:
2409:gluconeogenesis
2394:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:Pyruvate kinase
2309:
2308:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2243:Phosphopyruvate
2238:
2237:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2041:Triosephosphate
2036:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1832:
1824:
1775:
1770:
1741:
1712:
1682:(14): 3186–96.
1669:
1626:
1583:
1579:
1577:Further reading
1574:
1543:(6): C1442-55.
1530:
1529:
1525:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1408:(5): 1191–200.
1391:
1390:
1386:
1353:(14): 5449–53.
1340:
1339:
1335:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1253:(31): 28710–8.
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1184:Eukaryotic Cell
1177:
1176:
1172:
1143:Eur. J. Biochem
1136:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1095:phospholipase D
1071:
1049:
1022:
1018:
1001:O ⇌ 2-PG ⇌ 3-PG
1000:
981:
977:
970:
966:
947:
943:
911:
879:gluconeogenesis
875:carbon fixation
867:
819:
714:divalent cation
688:
637:Gluconeogenesis
418:
253:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2880:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2764:Carboxy-lyases
2756:
2755:
2745:Carbon–carbon
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2458:
2453:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2349:2 ×
2347:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2301:2 ×
2299:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2240:
2239:
2230:2 ×
2228:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2190:2 ×
2188:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2134:2 ×
2132:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2070:2 ×
2068:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1774:
1773:External links
1771:
1769:
1768:
1739:
1710:
1667:
1624:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1523:
1504:(8): 2081–90.
1488:
1437:
1384:
1333:
1294:(5): 2615–20.
1274:
1233:
1219:
1190:(5): 1169–75.
1170:
1149:(6): 1858–68.
1128:
1126:
1123:
1081:, light chain
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1003:
1002:
998:
983:
982:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
950:
949:
945:
941:
930:
929:
926:
919:
918:
910:
907:
897:from DHAP and
866:
863:
818:
815:
762:folded into a
707:with the DHAP
687:
684:
674:, which forms
664:aldol reaction
591:), often just
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
561:
560:
547:
541:
540:
530:
523:
522:
514:
513:
508:
502:
501:
488:
482:
481:
476:
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
452:
445:
444:
439:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:
416:
408:
407:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
383:
382:
369:
363:
362:
352:
345:
344:
336:
335:
330:
324:
323:
310:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
286:
280:
279:
274:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
255:
254:
251:
243:
242:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
212:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
185:
184:
175:
169:
168:
157:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3028:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Tryptophanase
2956:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:Alanine cycle
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2331:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2271:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2164:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2105:
2087:
2086:
2085:dehydrogenase
2075:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:(3): 779–88.
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:J. Biol. Chem
1448:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:J. Biol. Chem
1244:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
996:
995:
994:
992:
988:
973:
962:
958:
957:
956:
955:
939:
935:
934:
933:
927:
924:
923:
922:
916:
915:
914:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
864:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
816:
814:
812:
808:
807:endosymbiosis
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
725:
724:
719:
715:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
693:
685:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:(creating an
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:catalyzing a
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
528:
524:
519:
515:
512:
509:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
487:
483:
480:
477:
475:
471:
468:
465:
463:
459:
456:
453:
450:
446:
443:
440:
438:
434:
431:F_bP_aldolase
430:
426:
421:
414:
409:
404:
393:
390:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
341:
337:
334:
331:
329:
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:
309:
305:
302:
299:
297:
293:
290:
287:
285:
281:
278:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
249:
244:
239:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
213:
211:
207:
204:
201:
199:
195:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
174:
173:Gene Ontology
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
111:NiceZyme view
109:
107:
103:
100:
97:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
74:
71:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
2883:
2573:oxaloacetate
2490:
2338:
2312:
2290:
2241:
2219:
2201:
2179:
2145:
2123:
2081:
2059:
2039:
2023:
2013:
1997:
1978:
1977:
1961:
1935:
1919:
1899:
1883:
1857:
1841:
1750:(2): 185–7.
1747:
1743:
1721:(3): 110–3.
1718:
1714:
1679:
1676:Biochemistry
1675:
1636:
1632:
1593:
1589:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1405:
1402:J. Bacteriol
1401:
1395:
1387:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1222:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1113:and ARNO (a
1072:
1064:
1053:
1026:
1004:
984:
951:
931:
920:
912:
871:Calvin cycle
868:
824:
820:
776:
753:
721:
698:intermediate
689:
659:
657:
643:, which are
641:Calvin cycle
592:
581:
580:
99:BRENDA entry
2446:Glucokinase
1596:(1): 11–6.
1498:Development
1023:O → 2(3-PG)
891:free energy
843:enterocytes
827:vertebrates
787:green algae
702:active site
695:Schiff base
676:sialic acid
619:(DHAP) and
615:phosphates
611:, into the
423:Identifiers
258:Identifiers
87:IntEnz view
47:Identifiers
3016:Glycolysis
2990:Categories
2963:Photolyase
2899:Aldolase C
2894:Aldolase B
2889:Aldolase A
2673:Regulatory
2602:Cori cycle
2493:(Aldolase
2430:Hexokinase
2419:Glycolysis
2405:glycolysis
2397:Metabolism
1859:Hexokinase
1827:Glycolysis
1633:Biochem. J
1125:References
1061:G3P ⇌ DHAP
851:glycolysis
847:aldolase C
839:aldolase B
831:Aldolase A
795:eukaryotes
764:TIM barrel
760:α/β domain
727:galactitol
692:protonated
649:Glycolysis
533:structures
355:structures
266:Glycolytic
156:structures
123:KEGG entry
70:9024-52-6
2968:CPD lyase
2245:hydratase
2043:isomerase
1903:isomerase
1590:FEBS Lett
1079:α-tubulin
921:and also
909:Reactions
859:substrate
835:expressed
803:plastidal
746:histidine
658:The word
479:PDOC00523
467:IPR000771
301:PDOC00143
289:IPR000741
76:Databases
2925:Oxo-acid
2875:Aldehyde
2646:glycerol
2473:Platelet
2343:Pyruvate
2117:NADH + H
2097:NADH + H
1981:aldolase
1706:19236002
1567:21307348
1483:20129922
1432:21169486
1269:11387336
1214:15470245
1165:10712619
1111:V-ATPase
1050:+ NAD(P)
799:bacteria
749:residues
742:homologs
709:carbonyl
660:aldolase
639:and the
595:, is an
593:aldolase
589:4.1.2.13
550:RCSB PDB
462:InterPro
372:RCSB PDB
284:InterPro
227:proteins
215:articles
203:articles
160:RCSB PDB
58:4.1.2.13
18:Aldolase
2951:: Other
2927:-lyases
2877:-lyases
2847:RuBisCO
2622:alanine
2598:lactate
2537:Enolase
2412:enzymes
2249:enolase
1843:Glucose
1764:2199259
1735:1412694
1697:2666783
1663:3355497
1654:1148774
1620:7682431
1612:8436219
1558:3118619
1518:7925012
1474:2852936
1423:3067578
1379:2371280
1328:9482935
1296:Bibcode
1075:F-actin
1007:RuBisCO
997:PEP + H
987:enolase
811:archaea
797:and in
779:animals
511:cd00453
474:PROSITE
442:PF01116
333:cd00344
296:PROSITE
277:PF00274
182:QuickGO
147:profile
130:MetaCyc
65:CAS no.
3001:Lyases
2949:4.1.99
2747:lyases
2697:PFKFB4
2693:PFKFB3
2689:PFKFB2
2685:PFKFB1
2469:Muscle
2277:
2256:
2111:NAD+ P
2091:NAD+ P
1762:
1733:
1704:
1694:
1661:
1651:
1618:
1610:
1565:
1555:
1516:
1481:
1471:
1430:
1420:
1377:
1367:
1326:
1316:
1267:
1212:
1205:522617
1202:
1163:
1091:Band 3
1083:dynein
845:; and
785:, and
783:plants
740:, are
730:operon
720:. The
705:lysine
678:. See
625:ketose
613:triose
597:enzyme
565:PDBsum
539:
529:
499:SUPFAM
455:CL0036
428:Symbol
387:PDBsum
361:
351:
321:SUPFAM
263:Symbol
210:PubMed
192:Search
178:AmiGO
166:PDBsum
106:ExPASy
94:BRENDA
82:IntEnz
53:EC no.
2921:4.1.3
2871:4.1.2
2760:4.1.1
2644:from
2620:from
2596:from
2465:Liver
1616:S2CID
1370:54342
1319:19434
1103:GLUT4
873:is a
791:fungi
716:like
668:aldol
605:aldol
495:SCOPe
486:SCOP2
317:SCOPe
308:SCOP2
142:PRIAM
2753:4.1)
2550:PKM2
2546:PKLR
2340:2 ×
2292:2 ×
2221:2 ×
2181:2 ×
2125:2 ×
2061:2 ×
1760:PMID
1731:PMID
1702:PMID
1659:PMID
1608:PMID
1563:PMID
1514:PMID
1479:PMID
1428:PMID
1375:PMID
1324:PMID
1265:PMID
1210:PMID
1161:PMID
1119:ARF6
1099:PLD2
1087:WASP
1015:+ CO
1013:RuBP
989:and
961:3-PG
903:RuBP
869:The
754:The
651:, a
631:and
558:PDBj
554:PDBe
537:ECOD
527:Pfam
491:1dos
451:clan
449:Pfam
437:Pfam
380:PDBj
376:PDBe
359:ECOD
349:Pfam
313:1ald
272:Pfam
222:NCBI
163:PDBe
118:KEGG
2571:to
2475:)→/
2448:)→/
2442:HK3
2438:HK2
2434:HK1
2323:ATP
2320:ADP
2173:ATP
2170:ADP
2156:ATP
2153:ADP
1946:ADP
1943:ATP
1868:ADP
1865:ATP
1752:doi
1723:doi
1692:PMC
1684:doi
1649:PMC
1641:doi
1637:249
1598:doi
1594:318
1553:PMC
1545:doi
1541:300
1506:doi
1502:120
1469:PMC
1459:doi
1455:285
1418:PMC
1410:doi
1406:193
1365:PMC
1355:doi
1314:PMC
1304:doi
1255:doi
1251:276
1200:PMC
1192:doi
1151:doi
1147:267
1117:of
1019:+ H
938:PEP
545:PDB
506:CDD
367:PDB
328:CDD
198:PMC
154:PDB
2992::
2923::
2873::
2762::
2751:EC
2695:,
2691:,
2687:,
2628:):
2604:):
2548:,
2501:,
2497:,
2471:,
2467:,
2444:,
2440:,
2436:,
2403::
2399::
1758:.
1748:18
1746:.
1729:.
1719:17
1717:.
1700:.
1690:.
1680:48
1678:.
1674:.
1657:.
1647:.
1635:.
1631:.
1614:.
1606:.
1592:.
1588:.
1561:.
1551:.
1539:.
1535:.
1512:.
1500:.
1477:.
1467:.
1453:.
1449:.
1426:.
1416:.
1404:.
1400:.
1373:.
1363:.
1351:87
1349:.
1345:.
1322:.
1312:.
1302:.
1292:95
1290:.
1286:.
1263:.
1249:.
1245:.
1208:.
1198:.
1186:.
1182:.
1159:.
1145:.
1141:.
1109:,
1105:,
1089:,
1085:,
1077:,
959:2(
936:2(
829:.
781:,
774:.
718:Zn
682:.
635:.
607:,
586:EC
556:;
552:;
535:/
497:/
493:/
378:;
374:;
357:/
319:/
315:/
180:/
2854:/
2749:(
2738:e
2731:t
2724:v
2648::
2624:(
2600:(
2575::
2552:)
2544:(
2505:)
2503:C
2499:B
2495:A
2479:←
2463:(
2452:←
2432:(
2407:/
2389:e
2382:t
2375:v
2284:O
2282:2
2280:H
2263:O
2261:2
2259:H
2251:)
2247:(
2113:i
2093:i
2018:+
2014:+
1819:e
1812:t
1805:v
1766:.
1754::
1737:.
1725::
1708:.
1686::
1665:.
1643::
1622:.
1600::
1569:.
1547::
1520:.
1508::
1485:.
1461::
1434:.
1412::
1398:"
1381:.
1357::
1330:.
1306::
1298::
1271:.
1257::
1231:.
1216:.
1194::
1188:3
1167:.
1153::
1097:(
1048:i
1021:2
1017:2
999:2
980:i
976:2
971:)
969:i
965:2
948:)
946:i
942:2
584:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
