3401:
1097:
540:
634:, were tense: on March 20, Vladimirescu informed him that he could not discern any Russian support for Wallachia's government and asked that the boyars surrender Bucharest. This they did the following day. According to oral history, when Filipescu voiced his fear, Vladimirescu's secretary, Nicolae Popescu, informed him that if the rebels had wanted him dead, he would already have been "slashed". Subsequently, Filipescu became a representative of his boyar class to Vladimirescu's headquarters. According to various accounts, the nickname
864:
1215:. As noted by Poenaru, Vulpea's own accumulation of offices was harming Wallachian education: the Assembly's judgments caused resentment among the lesser boyars, who took revenge by sabotaging efforts to create new schools. Bibescu also became Alecu's in-law in January 1845, when Vulpache, who simultaneously served as Finance Minister and Bucharest Council chairman, married Bibescu's daughter Eliza. The marriage was loveless: Eliza, who had been romantically involved with the British diplomat
666:. Faced with this peril, and possibly influenced by Vulpea (who feared that antagonizing the Ottomans would destroy all remaining Wallachian autonomy), Vladimirescu sought to relieve himself of his alliance to the Eteria. In letters he exchanged with Filipescu in the early days of April, he declared his loyalty to the Ottomans, and insisted that he could persuade them to topple the Phanariotes. On April 4, he allowed Vulpea and Gheorghiadis to send letters of submission to the
602:
against those boyars he viewed as accomplices of the
Phanariotes, and publicly announced that he wanted Iordache Filipescu and others beheaded. Alecu and Iordache Filipescu, alongside Metropolitan Dionisie, expressed their alarm in a letter to Pini, asking for protection and guidance—they believed that the rebels were controlled by Russia, until Pini denied that this was the case. With most notabilities, including his two brothers, fleeing into the
733:, Filipescu and Gheorghiadis appear as a double-dealers who influenced Vladimirescu and the "intellectually frail" Metropolitan to take decisions that favored the Divan. Thanks to their intercession, the boyars could escape to safety before the violent fallout between Vladimirescu and Fochianos, which resulted in the scattering of Wallachian forces. By October 1822, Filipescu, Gheorghiadis and Dionisie had rejoined the other boyar refugees at
674:
1136:
1258:. While there, he ordered budget cuts, sacking teachers who had participated in the Revolution and were unrepentant. His son, as Secretary of State, carried out the order, and, as records of the time suggest, the number of active schools dropped rapidly. Meanwhile, Vulpea was also given a position on a committee which evaluated the agrarian issue. Composed of conservatives, it outlined the standard alternative to
31:
1124:
1026:, his brother Grigorie's only son, was arrested for conspiring against the throne. According to Lăcusteanu, the incident was part of a Russophile and Filipescu-family intrigue, rather than a liberal or nationalist revolt. Similarly, the Andronescu brothers, clients of Grigore Filipescu, recorded a rumor that "all the Filipescu clan was in on that conspiracy." An
891:) of the national school board, alongside Știrbei and Ștefan Bălăceanu. Their program of education was directly inspired from a letter drafted in 1831 by Kiselyov, and called for the designation of at least one public school in each locality. In June 1828, Filipescu obtained a state scholarship for the aspiring engineer
601:
presented
Vladimirescu with a letter of support from 77 nationalist boyars—including himself and Filipescu. The document, rendered compromising upon Vladimirescu's radicalization and defeat, was probably absconded and destroyed. As he advanced on Bucharest in February 1821, Vladimirescu took a stand
1151:
In June 1843, Vulpea was elected
President of the Most-High Divan, the supreme court of justice, with Vilara as the Justice Minister. Félix Colson, who was revisiting Wallachia, recorded that the former was by then a habitual gambler, "but an unlucky one, always strapped for cash." This allowed his
1343:
The
Dorobanți villa, rebuilt by Alexandru Filipescu in 1913, was left to Constantin Basarab Brâncoveanu, and went on to serve as the head offices of the National Liberal Party. The street is known as Modrogan, which was also Vulpea's alternative nickname. Vulpea's life and deeds had already made a
1018:
contended that theirs was an absurd position: "I could not understand how these people with some common sense, all of whom detest the
Russian government, but at the same time caress it, could produce such an imprudent and base action". According to the same Golescu, Vulpea circulated rumors that
572:
wanted to co-opt Alecu into a rebellion against
Soutzos and the Phanariotes. Filipescu agreed on principle that "it would be possible and rather good that we remove this country of ours from the yoke of tyrants"; still, he adamantly refused to be involved beyond this statement, feeling himself
418:
for a colleague, returning to
Wallachia by 1800. That year, he became godfather to Alexandru Dumitrescu, son of a parish priest at Sfântul Nicolae Tabacu, Bucharest; a series of adventures in Vulpea's lifetime resulted in Dumitrescu becoming husband of Safta Văcărescu, and grandfather of French
785:
of the Upper
Country, which was roughly the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The reform initiative had unintended consequences, with the committee ignoring its stated objectives and openly criticizing Ghica's policy in distributing pensions. However, the very existence of such a body irritated
641:
In March, Filipescu, Metropolitan
Dionisie, and Gheorghiadis signed their names to a pledge of allegiance, effectively recognizing Vladimirescu as head of state, while preserving an administrative role for the Boyars' Divan. By March 27, Vladimirescu and Vulpea were working on assigning
947:
to Câmpineanu's
Philharmonic Society, and allegedly wanted to have Wallachia ruled by a foreign prince, as a guarantee against Russian and Ottoman interference. He also continued to have fights with the other boyars, especially so in 1835, when he asked treasurers Câmpineanu and Iancu
907:, to be used in rural schools across Wallachia. From May 1832, Vulpea involved himself in settling disputes over the ownership and trading of Romani slaves. He also helped to capture and sentence the bandit Gheorghe sin Medrea in June 1833—possibly the last case of
1081:
63 to 84. Bibescu emerged as the winner, but soon found that his legislative project were being blocked by a coalition of Ghicas and Filipescu. He responded by isolating the former and coaxing the latter into cooperation. By 1844, Bibescu had made Alecu his great
926:
Vulpea later transferred to the Foreign Ministry. He had become especially powerful, but owed his influence to his "absolute adherence to the Russian political line in Wallachia." During the 1830s, he befriended Kiselyov's aide, Karneev, who was passionate about
1324:, he died in August 1863, and was buried at Mavrogheni Church, next to his father. His son Alexandru died without heirs, but the Filipescu line was notably maintained through Nicolae Filipescu. Married to Safta Hrisoscoleu, he was the paternal grandfather of
1308:. In this capacity, he channeled support for both Bibescu and Știrbei, or, according to one account, was a candidate in his own right. A prominent conservative, he returned as Prime Minister and Justice Minister of Wallachia after its integration into the
1209:, whom the prince had declared insane. His support for the Prince was countered by the other senior Filipescus. Their vocal opposition contributed to Bibescu's suspension of the Assembly for two years. Power then shifted toward the princely
613:
Taking control of the treasury by March 14, Filipescu began supplying the Eterist troops already present in Bucharest with salaries, lodgings, and horse fodder. Some four days later, he and Grigore Băleanu signed a letter of supplication to
564:, was himself involved in the Russian conspiracy during those months. He was unreliable from Pini's perspective and looked to Austria for additional guidance. As the Eterists and the National Party colluded in the build-up to the
410:, also gave Radu two other sons, Grigore and Nicolae. Early on, Alecu received a thorough education both at home and abroad, and was well-versed in Latin, Ancient and Modern Greek, French and Italian. He was later schooled in the
700:. Alongside the Metropolitan, Vulpea then asked that the Divan be granted safe passage to Transylvania. Vladimirescu allowed them to exit Bucharest under armed guard, but only to detain them at Golescu's Belvedere Manor, outside
728:
believes that Filipescu and the others were arrested when Vladimirescu realized that they would not support his egalitarian agenda, and that they still believed themselves unbound by his rules. However, in the notebooks kept by
3467:
536:, he audited the city finances, discovering that Bucharest was unable to pay for new bridges. His distant relative and political friend Iordache Filipescu held him in high regard, and viewed him as a trusted confidant.
1235:
After 1846, the regime tried to reconcile with young liberals, and Vulpache emerged as a mediator between the two sides. Nevertheless, tensions between the conservatives and the liberals brought down the regime: a
1010:, Vulpea only protected himself from Ghica by embracing the Russophile agenda: " would have otherwise beheaded me". As early as October 1838, he instigated a complaint against Ghica, which the boyars sent to
955:
Grigore Filipescu wanted the throne for himself, but was ignored by the Russians and had to settle for the position of chief justice. Vulpache, meanwhile, was a student in Paris, where he immersed himself in
2126:
1293:, Filipescu Jr served as President of the Bucharest Assembly Commission from 1856, also taking over for his father on the school board. Vulpea died the same year, a date not shown in full on his grave at
1073:, aging, and visibly suffering from hernia, he was credited with few chances, and was aware of it; however, he reportedly informed Lăcusteanu that he was only in the race to prevent either of the "
626:
after passing through Transylvania, but the monarch never replied; this prompted Filipescu to negotiate with Vladimirescu as the next-best choice. The first two meetings between the rebel and the
573:
betrayed by the National Party. However, with Pini's assurances and possibly seeking appointment in a revolutionary government, he abetted the Eterists, without formally rejoining their movement.
662:
Teodorache, became Vladimirescu's scribe, while Gheorghiadis translated his manifestos into French. Within a few weeks, the Eterist–Wallachian insurgencies elicited a military response from the
3527:
1244:, which controlled part of Bucharest, and serving for a while as Minister of the Interior. His father stayed behind in Bucharest. As the revolutionary government fell and Cantacuzino, as
1269:
The new prince, Știrbei, appointed Vulpache Finance Minister, then Foreign Minister, and eventually Minister of Justice. In 1852, he was also chief justice. Father and son, alongside
681:
Trying to consolidate his hold on Wallachia, and contemplating dug-in resistance, Vladimirescu asked Vulpea to contribute: from April 5, he was to make sure that the villagers of
3542:
238:
to institute new constitutional norms. Clashing with the National Party over the distribution of spoils, and only obtaining relatively minor positions in the administration of
3537:
3562:
1407:
as one of the "nefarious" Russophile characters, even though the Russians themselves are depicted as savior-like figures. A version of Vulpea appeared in the 1963 biopic
805:("little fox"), Ioan was born in Bucharest on May 12, 1809, although some early records have 1811 or 1800. To contemporaries, Vulpache was known as Alecu's adoptive son.
808:
The reform committee was largely stagnant by 1828, with Vulpea also focused on his other princely assignments—he was the posthumous custodian of Dositei's estate, with
3512:
3087:
Scrieri alese. Teatru, Pamflete, Proză, Versuri, Proverbe, Traduceri, Excerpte din Condica limbii rumânești și din Băgări de seamă asupra canoanelor grămăticești
767:, Alexandru and Costache), Vulpea joined a literary society for the promotion of Romanian culture—founded and led by Dinicu Golescu. In late 1826, following the
3572:
3462:
638:("the fox") was bestowed because of his abilities in performing this duty; however, notes left by Colson suggest that he greatly enjoyed keeping foxes as pets.
308:. Bibescu emerged as the winner and then co-opted Vulpea into his circle, making Vulpache his son-in-law. The three of them oversaw the charity established for
896:
603:
502:. He was widely seen as a liaison for the Russian consul, Alexander Pini, who mediated between the Wallachian boyardom and the Eteria conspirators. Within the
1325:
656:
was also asked to supply the rebel troops with munitions. Filipescu won Vladimirescu's confidence, and relayed his demands to the Divan; his own secretary,
3472:
3532:
809:
1019:
Ghica was under a formal Russian investigation. The claim was baseless, but Vulpea hoped "to take revenge on the prince" by tarnishing his reputation.
696:
would benefit from a tax relief. By April 10, soon after Vladimirescu had met with the Ottoman envoys, Filipescu was informed that Ottoman forces held
589:. Filipescu may have played a role in its instigation, being described by author Constantin V. Obedeanu as a "protector and ally" of the rebel leader,
1166:(later replaced with Mihai Ghica), and also included Poenaru. In October 1843, he sided with Bibescu, supporting the controversial Russian prospector
1032:
member of the reconstructed Divan (or Ordinary Assembly), Vulpea helped maneuver the opposition against Ghica, alongside Vilara and the young jurist
1240:
erupted in mid 1848, and Bibescu was forced to abdicate and leave into exile. Vulpache also fled the country, returning after pacification with the
491:, with whom he engaged in land speculation. In 1818, he also set up his own business as a restaurateur, founding his own inn-and-salon near Sorica.
1040:, they drafted a special report, presented to Ghica by the entire Assembly. It depicted Ghica as an anti-patriot and a foreigner, emphasizing his
487:, who took special measures to have them silenced. Apparently, Filipescu was also personal friends with another Caradja adversary, the innkeeper
3497:
1337:
1158:, to rent out a fox to those appearing before the Most-High Divan, who would then use the fox as a bribe to Vulpea, who in turn sold it to the
3522:
3457:
3271:
3181:
2929:
957:
519:
288:, Alecu was a pragmatic conservative who continued seeking alternatives to Russian control, also envisaging a political unification of the
2871:
1595:, p. 46; Camariano & Capodistria, pp. 101, 104; Ghica & Roman, p. 147; Golescu & Moraru, pp. 29–30, 70, 429; Ploscaru, p. 94
1321:
779:, and other members of Golescu's society, to serve on his personal committee for modernization. In 1827, he also appointed Vulpea Great
473:
801:, or simply Alecu. According to other sources, his mother was actually Tarsița Filipescu, a distant relative of Alecu's. Also known as
3552:
2957:
1163:
841:
663:
817:
433:
265:
3547:
3252:
3216:
3094:
1170:, and allowed him to work on his own estates. These had increased in number since 1834, when he had bid on Cazacu Mountain, outside
1064:
305:
257:, but sabotaged the monarch's political reform effort and also seduced his wife Maria. She was probably the mother of his only son,
3400:
3582:
3507:
3477:
217:
3557:
2791:, "Tot despre modelul grec în cultura română: parabole mitologice, comedii de moravuri. Belphegor în lumea balcanicã (II)", in
1367:
relayed fictionalized anecdotes about Vulpea as the protector of barbers and the object of adulation by the clinically insane.
1096:
3577:
3517:
3482:
1399:
appeared as Vulpea in the early stagings, showing him as a man of "somnolent cruelty", "decrepit, bloated, and haughty". The
741:
1375:, includes a likely reference to Vulpea's gambling debts and his being publicly ridiculed over them. Much later, in 1921,
1237:
1037:
326:
3502:
1388:
1301:
1250:, inaugurated a conservative regime, he was reappointed to the school board alongside Poenaru, Băleanu, and, from 1851,
1077:" brothers, Bibescu and Știrbei, from winning the throne. Vulpea came second in the first pool of candidates, losing to
991:
787:
539:
250:, when Vulpea manipulated all sides against each other, ensuring safety for the boyars. He returned to prominence under
1277:. In this capacity, they fought for continued ownership of Brâncoveanu's slaves. During the interregnum sparked by the
329:. Serving Prince Știrbei as adviser on agrarian matters, he died three years before Wallachia's incorporation into the
3567:
2647:
Nicolae Gh. Teodorescu, "Muzeul din Mușătești, județul Argeș, mărturie a contribuției satului la istoria patriei", in
477:
276:, then presided over the departments of Justice and Foreign Affairs. The owner of lucrative estates and an inn in the
251:
3293:
Radu Tascovici, "Participarea Episcopului Ilarion Gheorghiadis al Argeșului la Revoluția lui Tudor Vladimirescu", in
3031:
Frământările politice și sociale în Principatele Române de la 1821 la 1828 (Așezământul Cultural Ion C. Brătianu XIX)
3019:, "Trois lettres de Jean Capodistria, ministre des affaires étrangères de Russie, envers Manouk Bey (1816–1817)", in
2660:
Angela-Ramona Dumitru, "Principele Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei (1849–1856). Precursor al conservatorismului românesc", in
948:
Filipescu-Buzatu for a refund of his alleged expenses and damages incurred in 1821, which he claimed ran at 287,000
3209:
Istoria fondării orașului București. Istoria începutului orașului București. Călăuza sau conducătorul Bucureștiului
1162:
in exchange for currency. Vulpea also continued his work at the national school board, which was now supervised by
1053:
582:
548:
247:
3305:
Scólele satesci în Romănia. Istoricul lor de la 1830—1867. Cu anesarea tuturorŭ documentelorŭ relative la cestiune
622:, asking for Russia to intervene militarily in defense of Wallachia's "privileges and rights". The letter reached
1286:
845:
565:
301:
3487:
3069:
2075:"Apel la Romania, pentru ospitalitatea que se dă de dênsa avereĭ rĕposatutui Dositie Filitis (Mitropolit)", in
1216:
1084:
690:
465:
321:
231:
155:
1048:
and deposed in October 1842. Alongside Câmpineanu, Vilara, and Ion Ghica, Vulpea suggested the appointment of
379:
3334:
Al. Vianu, S. Iancovici, "O lucrare inedită despre mișcarea revoluționară de la 1821 din țările romîne", in
3034:
1167:
916:
289:
280:, he was also a philanthropist, and served for decades on the Wallachian school board alongside his protégé
382:, which their ancestors founded ca. 1600, with another ancestral home in Bucharest, on the western side of
1259:
1179:
863:
607:
511:
3276:
3238:
2938:
2876:
911:
to be recorded in Wallachia. Together with other administrators, in 1836 he gave the order to recolonize
744:, who allowed them to have their own private police. Financially insecure, they asked for loans from the
682:
407:
3387:
3363:
3204:
3165:
1537:
1414:
1309:
1241:
1078:
1007:
978:
912:
875:
While Kiselyov was in the country in the late 1820s and early 1830s, Filipescu was Minister of Justice (
798:
619:
507:
330:
258:
166:
2708:
Nicolae Ciachir, "Unele aspecte privind orașul București în timpul războiului Crimeii (1853—1856)", in
1409:
1191:
965:
828:, also appointed him to a Russo–Wallachian commission which oversaw the paving of Bucharest streets in
420:
415:
3379:
3082:
2867:
1357:
1023:
776:
533:
171:
3452:
3447:
3016:
2970:
1255:
1206:
1187:
1102:
1041:
1015:
1011:
1006:, who was Grigore Ghica's son and possibly Vulpache's half-brother. According to his younger friend,
939:. Meanwhile, however, Vulpea continued his marginal contribution to the nationalist project when, as
881:
772:
764:
745:
515:
503:
457:
309:
226:
797:: he had seduced the prince's wife, Maria Hangerli-Ghica, who was reportedly the mother of his son,
705:
3492:
3191:
3124:
3047:
2946:
1224:
1190:, previously owned by the Sachelarie boyars; the same year, however, he also donated Clăbucetul to
920:
853:
824:
in the new cabinet imposed by the Russians, replacing Mihalache Ghica. The new Russian supervisor,
768:
697:
569:
469:
383:
3317:
2247:
793:, who viewed the boyars as pawns of Russian influence. Vulpea also encountered hostility from the
725:
658:
2383:
1313:
1282:
1067:, seen by contemporaries as the "boyar party" (or anti-National Party) favorite. Mistrusted as a
1003:
900:
868:
738:
693:
590:
586:
544:
529:
495:
293:
3221:
Cristian Ploscaru, "Tradiție și inovație în demersul politic al lui Tudor Vladimirescu (I)", in
1798:
Octavian Ungureanu, "Tudor Vladimirescu în conștiința argeșenilor. Momente și semnificații", in
1198:
364:
3423:
3415:
3325:
3308:
3267:
3248:
3212:
3195:
3177:
3154:
3141:
3128:
3104:
3090:
3073:
3055:
3038:
3006:
2985:
2961:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2399:
2223:
2037:
1396:
1372:
1329:
1294:
1142:
983:
718:
615:
441:
129:
2131:
1353:
1106:
1033:
1002:
Although favored by Kiselyov, Alecu Filipescu was detested by the Russian-appointed prince,
936:
932:
892:
749:
701:
623:
395:
391:
297:
281:
277:
254:
176:
1154:
649:
230:
regime. Beginning in the 1810s, he took an anti-Phanariote stand, conspiring alongside the
3026:
2395:
2033:
1251:
928:
904:
673:
411:
334:
3121:
Istoriile domnilor Țării-Românești cuprinzînd istoria munteană de la început până la 1688
642:
administrative offices to their backers—the former recommended Dumitrache Drugănescu as
3259:
2387:
1384:
1183:
1171:
1057:
1049:
986:) of the Bucharest police. From 1838, he was also Bucharest's Mayor, with the title of
857:
833:
825:
598:
453:
387:
342:
273:
269:
243:
3441:
3341:
3300:
3113:
2973:, "Contribuții la istoria învățământului. Studenți români la Paris în 1820—1840", in
2899:
2831:
2025:
1980:
Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 229. See also Filitti, p. 137; Iorga (1902), p. XXXVII
1749:
Filitti, pp. 64–65; Iorga (1902), p. XXXVII; Obedeanu, p. 29–31; Xenopol, pp. 124–125
1376:
730:
667:
594:
461:
445:
235:
150:
35:
3101:
Istoria Partidului Național Liberal; De la origină până în zilele noastre. Volumul 1
1135:
3228:
2788:
2144:
1114:
1045:
973:
848:. In addition to his old home, he now owned a villa in the area currently known as
794:
771:, through which Russia imposed reforms of Wallachia, Prince Ghica selected Vulpea,
480:
849:
568:, the Filipescus withdrew from the intrigues. In June 1820, by his own admission,
242:, Filipescu eventually joined a clique of boyars that cooperated closely with the
3153:. Bucharest & Vălenii de Munte: Așezământul Grafic Datina Românească, 1938.
3052:
Din vremea renașterii naționale a țării românești: Boierii Golești. II: 1834–1849
3005:. Târgoviște: Tipografia și Legătoria de Cărți Viitorul, Elie Angelescu, 1897.
1333:
1317:
1278:
829:
499:
285:
528:. This job saw him taking over the administration of Bucharest, effectively as
386:. In addition to land of this category, Alecu inherited a number of estates in
30:
2077:
1349:
1175:
1028:
837:
484:
338:
221:
3061:
1542:
1364:
1270:
1211:
961:
790:
781:
644:
631:
488:
370:
359:
239:
213:
140:
111:
77:
3307:. Bucharest: Tipografia Naționale, Întreprind̦etor C. N. Rădulescu, 1868.
2423:
Hêrjeu, pp. 97–98; Xenopol, p. 181. See also Ghica & Roman, pp. 215–216
1263:
1220:
1129:
Eliza Bibescu, Zoe's daughter and Vulpea's daughter-in-law (author unknown)
1123:
734:
686:
3329:
3312:
3199:
3158:
3077:
3042:
2965:
2649:
Muzeul Național (Sesiunea Științifică de Comunicări, 17–18 Decembrie 1973)
2227:
2041:
1281:, Vulpache served on the Administrative Council, alongside Constantin and
976:
judge. He was a protege of Kiselyov's, who obtained for him the office of
856:, near Popa-Cozma Church, where he was neighbors with Barbu Văcărescu and
3145:
3132:
3108:
3010:
1246:
908:
813:
556:
437:
264:
Both Vulpea and Vulpache had important roles in political life under the
3286:
Ion Șendrulescu, "Cîrmuirea revoluționară a lui Tudor Vladimirescu", in
2989:
2403:
3173:
3170:
Amintirile colonelului Lăcusteanu. Text integral, editat după manuscris
2472:
Iorga (1938), p. 71; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 229; Rosetti, p. 74
1074:
560:(regents) upon Soutzos' death. His brother Grigore, also credited as a
449:
428:
403:
375:
337:
from as early as the Phanariote period and was revived to serve as the
3247:, Vols. I–II. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1990.
1344:
mark on literature and the theater, beginning in 1818 with the comedy
931:. Vulpea fed this hobby by providing the Russian with coins dug up at
3235:
Petrache Poenaru, ctitor al învățământului în țara noastră. 1799–1875
2839:
1740:
Filitti, pp. 46, 54; Obedeanu, pp. 29–31; Vârtosu (1932), pp. 140–141
1069:
949:
944:
752:, the new Prince of Wallachia, to sponsor their return to Bucharest.
713:
524:
1352:, with Sultana Ghica swooning over his portrait. Vulpea was also an
885:, the Wallachian constitution. He was also one of three caretakers (
763:
During this post-Phanariote reign, alongside the prince's brothers (
3140:. Bucharest: Librăriile Cartea Românească & Pavel Suru, 1921.
1197:
Also in 1844, the Assembly appointed him, together with Vilara and
518:. The latter group managed to win Soutzos' favors and took the top
2952:Șerban Andronescu, Grigore Andronescu (contributor: Ilie Corfus),
1289:. When Știrbei was replaced with Alexandru Ghica, who returned as
887:
538:
498:, Filipescu detached himself from the National Party, joining the
399:
2147:, "Înființarea Societății Academice și localurile Academiei", in
1312:. In 1860, he supported a project to colonize 15,000 families of
246:. His conditional support for the Eterists played out during the
3468:
19th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia
3211:. Bucharest: Fundația Culturală Gheorghe Marin Speteanu, 2000.
333:, whose administration co-opted his son. His profile endures in
2127:"Casele Bucureștilor (IX). Palate și case boierești, nobiliare"
1832:
Filitti, pp. 54–55; Obedeanu, pp. 31–32; Tascovici, pp. 180–181
606:, Alecu Filipescu stayed behind in Bucharest, alongside Bishop
2916:
Venera Achim, Raluca Tomi, Florina Manuela Constantin (eds.),
2897:, Issue 1/1963, p. 6; Călin Căliman, "Buftea, iulie 1962", in
3138:
Izvoarele contemporane asupra mișcării lui Tudor Vladimirescu
2994:
D. Bodin, "Premize la un curs despre Tudor Vladimirescu", in
2918:
Documente de arhivă privind robia țiganilor. Epoca dezrobirii
1811:
Bodin, p. 28; Golescu & Moraru, pp. 54–55; Rosetti, p. 74
1674:
Iorga (1902), pp. XXXVI–XXXVII. See also Vârtosu (1932), p. 4
903:. He later donated stone quarried on his Bucegi property for
968:. He also began his administrative career during the early
721:; eventually, the boyars persuaded Fochianos to withdraw.
444:
circles, and reportedly joined the secret society known as
220:, who played an important part in the politics of the late
3264:
Rumânii fericiți. Vot și putere de la 1831 până în prezent
2347:
Angelescu, p. 32; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 123, 254
1348:, possibly written by Costache Faca. It shows Vulpea as a
935:
and elsewhere, which Karneev transported to his museum in
368:
Radu (or Răducan) Filipescu, and probably the grandson of
3103:. Bucharest: Institutul de Arte Grafice Speranța, 1915.
1273:
and Mihalache Cornescu, served together as caretakers of
1205:. This was a charity set up for Bibescu's estranged wife
440:, and later into Russia. By 1816, he was in contact with
2757:
Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu, "Colonizare germană la 1860", in
1489:, pp. 108, 246, 249–250, 315, 459–460, 485, 534–535, 633
1063:
Subsequently, Vulpea became one of 21 candidates in the
677:
Belvedere (or Golescu–Grant) Manor, as it looked in 2013
362:
as the scion of boyar aristocracy, Alecu was the son of
3001:
Paulina Brătescu, Ion Moruzi, C. Alessandrescu (eds.),
2629:
Potra (1963), pp. 166–167, 170; Urechia, pp. 79, 84, 85
2222:, pp. 97–99. Severin: Tipografia Emil J. Knoll, 1883.
1360:, which romanticizes his encounter with Vladimirescu.
1223:, Vulpea handled the reception of Bibescu's new bride,
585:
erupted in conjunction with an Eterist invasion by the
554:
According to some reports, Vulpea was one of the three
325:, but was only marginally active before and after the
3283:. Bucharest: Editura Lito-Tipografiei Populara, 1897.
3188:
Tudor Vladimirescu în istoria contimporană a României
3352:
2982:
Lupta românilor pentru unitatea națională, 1834–1849
1962:
Filitti, pp. 140–142, 146; Xenopol, pp. 134, 147–148
1731:
Vianu & Iancovici, p. 80. See also Hêrjeu, p. 38
1379:
also made Vulpea a character in his five-act drama,
670:, but would not openly associate himself with them.
3408:
3356:
183:
162:
146:
136:
125:
117:
105:
100:
74:
47:
21:
3528:Wallachian people of the Greek War of Independence
2011:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 279; Rosetti, p. 74
1044:origins. Ghica was eventually disgraced by Sultan
510:now opposed the National Party, whose chiefs were
2494:Potra (1963), pp. 138–139, 143, 203, 310, 349–352
2108:Potra (1990, I), pp. 292, 371; (1990, II), p. 196
1262:, suggesting a gradual termination of socage and
3223:Analele Universității din Craiova. Seria Istorie
2307:
2305:
1219:, registered her objection. Later that year, at
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1356:in an unpublished play by his former colleague
3119:"Prefață", in Constantin Căpitanul Filipescu,
2710:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie
1174:. In 1844, Vulpea also purchased land outside
1056:, for the throne in Bucharest. Their proposed
820:. Filipescu took over as Finance Minister and
187:Civil administrator, philanthropist, innkeeper
1800:Argessis. Studii și Comunicări, Seria Istorie
1758:Golescu & Moraru, pp. 54–55, 433; Iorga,
1371:, an 1852 comedy by Ghica's Moldavian friend
8:
3543:People of the Wallachian Revolution of 1848
2851:Florin Tornea, "Drumul spre Hlebnikov", in
2053:
2051:
2049:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1819:
1817:
1304:, Vulpache himself became one of the three
879:). Under Kiselyov's watch, he helped draft
522:, with Filipescu settling for the title of
3538:Wallachian refugees in the Austrian Empire
3353:
3151:Istoria românilor. Volumul 9: Unificatorii
2392:Discursuri parlamentare. 1859–1862 iunie 8
2118:
2116:
2114:
2090:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 42–43, 229
943:, he donated "a years' worth" of estates'
426:Alecu Filipescu rose to the post of great
18:
3563:Founders of Romanian schools and colleges
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
1661:
1659:
1297:, Bucharest—which simply has "November".
812:at his side. Months later, Wallachia and
3003:Dicționar geografic al județului Prahova
2813:Ghica & Roman, pp. 91–92, 96–97, 355
2620:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 188, 191
1953:Hêrjeu, p. 68; Xenopol, pp. 134, 147–148
1789:Obedeanu, p. 31. See also Filitti, p. 54
1709:
1707:
1510:Iorga (1902), pp. XXX–XXXI, XXXVI–XXXVII
1497:
1495:
862:
672:
3513:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
3324:. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1932.
3288:Analele Univesității București. Istorie
3089:. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1990.
2984:. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1967.
2872:"Camil Petrescu – scrierile postbelice"
2836:Tudor Vladimirescu. Dramă în cinci acte
2748:Angelescu, p. 34; Xenopol, pp. 389, 394
2441:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 137–138
2356:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 123–124
2252:Buletinul Societății Numismatice Române
2160:Iorga (1902), p. XXXVII; Rosetti, p. 74
1425:
452:, Wallachia included, removed from the
306:1842 election for the Wallachian throne
3346:Istoria partidelor politice în România
2822:Alecsandri & Ciopraga, pp. 81, 489
832:. He was additionally a member of the
704:. Here, they were besieged by warlord
3225:, Vol. XV, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 87–100.
2761:, Vol. IV, Issue 1, 1940, pp. 154–156
972:years: in 1835 or 1842, he served as
897:Paris Conservatory of Arts and Crafts
456:. Nevertheless, Filipescu remained a
414:, with Félix Colson as his tutor and
304:, before running against them in the
7:
3573:19th-century Romanian businesspeople
3463:19th-century Romanian civil servants
3290:, Vol. XX, Issue 2, 1971, pp. 65–73.
2998:, Vol. XIV, Part I, 1944, pp. 15–39.
2730:Hêrjeu, pp. 197–199; Xenopol, p. 377
2151:, Vol. I, Issue 1, 1958, pp. 242–243
1403:is also present in Petrescu's novel
583:Wallachian anti-Phanariote rebellion
284:. Although perceived as a committed
1604:Camariano & Capodistria, p. 101
899:, later appointing him to teach at
648:in the northern Wallachian city of
610:, Nae Golescu, and Mihalache Manu.
476:. He and his entire family opposed
3473:Regents and governors of Wallachia
2573:Potra (1990, I), p. 299; II, p. 42
2320:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 137
2311:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 279
2238:Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 229
2178:Potra (1963), pp. 43, 85, 302, 323
2081:, January 8, 1864, (annex) pp. 1–2
2030:Inscripțiĭ din bisericile Romănieĭ
1332:, and the maternal grandparent of
1320:. Retiring as a councilor for the
1065:princely election of December 1842
16:Wallachian administrator and boyar
14:
3533:Expatriates in the Russian Empire
2975:Revista Generală a Învățământului
2533:, pp. 128–129, 159, 189, 460, 485
1850:Filitti, p. 55; Tascovici, p. 177
1823:Alecsandri & Ciopraga, p. 489
1722:Vianu & Iancovici, pp. 78, 81
1653:Golescu & Moraru, pp. 67, 433
1266:through boyar–peasant contracts.
867:A boyar and a Russian officer on
3399:
2299:Angelescu, p. 34; Rosetti, p. 75
2066:Filitti, p. 140; Xenopol, p. 148
1926:Vianu & Iancovici, pp. 81–82
1316:, some of whom were welcomed at
1134:
1122:
1095:
29:
3348:. Bucharest: Albert Baer, 1910.
3297:, Issues 1–4/2012, pp. 171–183.
3168:(contributor: Radu Crutzescu),
2804:Golescu & Moraru, pp. 54–55
2254:, Issues 57–58/1926, pp. 21, 23
292:. He mounted the opposition to
266:Russian occupation of 1829–1854
216:administrator and high-ranking
2555:Iorga (1938), pp. 75–76, 79–80
2290:Ghica & Roman, pp. 14, 197
2272:Hêrjeu, p. 94; Xenopol, p. 175
2209:Potra (1990, II), pp. 187, 332
1060:was quickly vetoed by Russia.
1022:This was also the period when
268:. Filipescu Sr worked for the
212:(1775 – November 1856), was a
38:'s portrait of Vulpea, c. 1830
1:
3498:Agas of the Wallachian police
3085:(contributor: Mihai Moraru),
2977:, Issues 1–2/1932, pp. 31–35.
1859:Filitti, pp. 2, 46, 51–54, 66
748:, and eventually appealed to
406:. His mother Maria, from the
327:Wallachian Revolution of 1848
259:Ioan Alecu Filipescu-Vulpache
167:Ioan Alecu Filipescu-Vulpache
121:November 1856 (aged 80 or 81)
48:Finance Minister of Wallachia
3523:Members of the Filiki Eteria
3458:18th-century Romanian people
3123:, pp. I–XXXVIII. Bucharest:
3023:, Vol. 11, 1970, pp. 97–105.
2149:Buletinul Monumente și Muzee
1683:Vianu & Iancovici, p. 75
1573:Vianu & Iancovici, p. 74
1038:legislative election of 1841
958:liberal-nationalist politics
604:Principality of Transylvania
319:In 1845, Vulpea was created
210:Alexandru Răducanu Filipescu
92:ca. 1828 – ca. 1833
3281:Dicționarul contimporanilor
2662:Revista de Științe Politice
1944:Vârtosu (1932), pp. 167–172
1287:Constantin Năsturel-Herescu
818:Russian military occupation
448:, which wanted to have the
390:, including parcels of the
248:Wallachian uprising of 1821
59:March – April 1821
3599:
3338:, Issue 1/1958, pp. 67–91.
3336:Studii. Revistă de Istorie
3064:(contributor: Ion Roman),
2958:National History Institute
2250:, "Glosa numismatică", in
1917:Vârtosu (1932), pp. XIV–XV
1540:, "Suflet de renegat", in
1454:Iorga (1902), pp. XXX–XXXI
1275:Așezămintele Brâncovenești
1203:Așezămintele Brâncovenești
1111:Așezămintele Brâncovenești
852:; and a townhouse east of
549:Romanian Cyrillic, cursive
464:, and also frequented the
314:Așezămintele Brâncovenești
296:, reluctantly siding with
3553:Urban planning in Romania
3397:
3070:Editura pentru literatură
2954:Insemnările Androneștilor
2739:Iorga (1938), pp. 339–340
2454:, pp. 93–94; Preda, p. 54
1906:Izvoarele contemporane...
1802:, Vol. VIII, 1999, p. 171
1771:Vârtosu (1932), pp. 65–66
1760:Izvoarele contemporane...
1528:Ghica & Roman, p. 342
1152:the court supervisor, or
576:
474:Metropolitan of Wallachia
191:
96:
85:
63:
52:
43:
28:
3548:Romanian philanthropists
3266:. Iași: Polirom, 2011.
3186:Constantin V. Obedeanu,
2889:"Retrospectiva filmului
2770:Fotino, pp. 44, 279, 297
2712:, Vol. III, 1965, p. 200
2582:"Tages Nachrichten", in
2463:Iorga (1938), pp. 71, 73
2220:Istoria orașului Severin
1546:, February 4, 1938, p. 2
1369:Chirița in the Provinces
1225:Marițica Văcărescu-Ghica
1217:Robert Gilmour Colquhoun
1036:: immediately after the
990:, and from 1842 led the
577:Vladimirescu's rebellion
70:1828 – ca. 1830
3583:Wallachian slave owners
3508:Nobility from Bucharest
3478:Logothetes of Wallachia
3322:1821: Date și fapte noi
2996:Revista Istorică Română
2651:, Vol. II, 1975, p. 110
2386:, "Barbu Katargiu", in
2263:Potra (1990, I), p. 527
2099:Potra (1990, I), p. 230
1841:Șendrulescu, pp. 69, 71
1644:Potra (1990, I), p. 505
1626:Ploscaru, pp. 91–94, 98
1564:Iorga (1902), p. XXXVII
1109:'s wife and founder of
960:, alongside colleagues
685:were relieved of their
581:Ultimately, in 1821, a
460:opposed to Wallachia's
290:Danubian Principalities
206:Alecsandru R. Filipescu
3558:Romanian city founders
3372:Alecu Filipescu-Vulpea
3245:Din Bucureștii de ieri
2664:, Issue 13/2007, p. 68
1780:Șendrulescu, pp. 65–66
1338:National Liberal Party
1231:Later career and death
1168:Alexander Trandafiloff
1164:Constantin Cantacuzino
915:, which soon replaced
872:
846:Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei
842:Constantin Cantacuzino
737:. They were guests of
678:
551:
494:In 1820, under Prince
354:Eteria and 1821 revolt
302:Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei
198:Alecu Filipescu-Vulpea
23:Alecu Filipescu-Vulpea
3578:Wallachian innkeepers
3518:Romanian nationalists
3483:Stolnici of Wallachia
2903:, Issue 27/1962, p. 5
2855:, Issue 1/1956, p. 28
2032:, p. 283. Bucharest:
1762:, pp. 57–58, 257, 284
1436:, pp. 63–64, 138, 158
1310:United Principalities
1302:January 1859 election
1242:Imperial Russian Army
1238:Wallachian Revolution
866:
676:
542:
341:in literary works by
331:United Principalities
2971:Constantin Angelescu
2795:, Issue 2/2011, p. 5
2721:Potra (1963), p. 175
2595:Iorga (1938), p. 142
2586:, Issue 2/1845, p. 8
2564:Potra (1963), p. 143
2394:, p. 20. Bucharest:
1971:Xenopol, pp. 147–148
1908:, pp. 67–68, 284–285
1413:, as interpreted by
1395:, as an antagonist.
1330:Nicolae G. Filipescu
1256:Ion Emanuel Florescu
1016:Alexandru G. Golescu
1014:. The liberal boyar
1012:Nicholas I of Russia
882:Regulamentul Organic
871:, Bucharest, in 1832
746:Transylvanian Saxons
711:, who led a crew of
608:Ilarion Gheorghiadis
458:Romanian nationalist
434:1806 war with Russia
432:in 1804. During the
227:Regulamentul Organic
3503:Mayors of Bucharest
3295:Mitropolia Olteniei
3277:Dimitrie R. Rosetti
3239:Editura științifică
2947:Editura Tineretului
2939:Constantin Ciopraga
2638:Urechia, pp. 79, 82
2125:Alexandru Popescu,
2057:Iorga (1938), p. 77
1895:Obedeanu, pp. 33–34
1635:Ploscaru, pp. 92–93
1387:wrote him into the
1180:Clăbucetul Taurului
769:Akkerman Convention
620:Alexander Pavlovich
570:Dimitrie Macedonski
512:Grigore Brâncoveanu
272:of Bucharest under
3568:Literacy advocates
3388:Ioan Al. Filipescu
3364:Iordache Filipescu
3205:Dimitrie Papazoglu
3166:Grigore Lăcusteanu
3015:Nestor Camariano,
2699:, pp. 137–138, 158
2584:Mitauische Zeitung
2384:Anghel Demetriescu
2200:, pp. 10–11, 63–64
2187:Urechia, pp. 6, 52
1886:Șendrulescu, p. 70
1538:Emanoil Hagi-Moscu
1415:Florin Scărlătescu
1405:Un om între oameni
1381:Tudor Vladimirescu
1326:Conservative Party
1322:Court of Cassation
1283:Ion C. Cantacuzino
1141:Filipescu tomb in
1079:Iordache Filipescu
1054:Prince of Moldavia
1008:Grigore Lăcusteanu
1004:Alexandru II Ghica
966:Nicolae Crețulescu
919:as the capital of
873:
869:Dealul Mitropoliei
679:
591:Tudor Vladimirescu
552:
545:Tudor Vladimirescu
508:Iordache Filipescu
496:Alexandros Soutzos
436:, he crossed into
421:Maurice Paléologue
380:Filipeștii de Târg
378:was the eponymous
294:Alexandru II Ghica
179:(co-father-in-law)
75:Justice Minister (
3435:
3434:
3424:Grigore Filipescu
3416:Nicolae Filipescu
3272:978-973-46-2201-6
3182:978-973-46-4083-6
3056:Monitorul Oficial
3035:Cartea Românească
2935:Vasile Alecsandri
2930:978-973-27-2014-1
2922:Editura Academiei
2779:Papazoglu, p. 169
2759:Revista Arhivelor
2135:, October 1, 2015
1397:Marcel Anghelescu
1389:socialist-realist
1373:Vasile Alecsandri
1363:In his lifetime,
1295:Mavrogheni Church
1192:Predeal Monastery
1143:Mavrogheni Church
374:Pană. Their core
335:political theater
195:
194:
130:Mavrogheni Church
3590:
3409:Later Filipescus
3403:
3380:Mitică Filipescu
3357:Boyars Filipescu
3354:
3192:Scrisul Românesc
3083:Iordache Golescu
3017:Jean Capodistria
2980:Cornelia Bodea,
2904:
2887:
2881:
2877:România Literară
2868:Alex. Ștefănescu
2866:
2862:
2856:
2849:
2843:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2706:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2686:Angelescu, p. 34
2684:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2414:Preda, pp. 58–59
2412:
2406:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2132:Ziarul Financiar
2124:
2120:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2044:
2023:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2002:Angelescu, p. 32
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1935:Papazoglu, p. 87
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:Papazoglu, p. 90
1663:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1547:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1476:Papazoglu, p. 67
1474:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1393:Nicolae Bălcescu
1383:. In the 1950s,
1358:Iordache Golescu
1354:unseen character
1336:, leader of the
1138:
1126:
1107:Gheorghe Bibescu
1099:
1034:Gheorghe Bibescu
1024:Mitică Filipescu
937:Saint Petersburg
921:Mehedinți County
895:to study at the
893:Petrache Poenaru
854:Podul Mogoșoaiei
840:committee, with
777:Alexandru Vilara
750:Grigore IV Ghica
717:and militarized
698:Roșiorii de Vede
683:Dâmbovița County
624:Saint Petersburg
566:Greek Revolution
534:Iordache Golescu
408:Văcărescu family
404:Vârful lui Găvan
392:Bucegi Mountains
384:Podul Mogoșoaiei
298:Gheorghe Bibescu
282:Petrache Poenaru
278:Bucegi Mountains
255:Grigore IV Ghica
202:Aleco Filipescul
200:, also known as
177:Gheorghe Bibescu
172:Mitică Filipescu
101:Personal details
90:
68:
57:
33:
19:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3488:Bans of Oltenia
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3404:
3395:
3351:
3027:Ioan C. Filitti
2912:
2907:
2888:
2884:
2880:, Issue 13/2004
2864:
2863:
2859:
2853:Revista Teatrul
2850:
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2396:Editura Minerva
2377:
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2237:
2233:
2218:V. Demetrescu,
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2122:
2121:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2034:Editura Minerva
2024:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
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1766:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:Obedeanu, p. 26
1712:
1705:
1701:Ploscaru, p. 98
1700:
1696:
1692:Ploscaru, p. 94
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
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1657:
1652:
1648:
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1509:
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1493:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1346:Generalul Ghica
1252:Apostol Arsache
1233:
1207:Zoe Brâncoveanu
1199:Emanoil Băleanu
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1103:Zoe Brâncoveanu
1100:
1052:, the reigning
1000:
998:1840s intrigues
992:Commune Council
929:coin collecting
810:Neofit Geanoglu
773:Ioan Câmpineanu
761:
689:, and that the
616:Russian Emperor
579:
516:Barbu Văcărescu
442:Greek immigrant
416:Iancu Văcărescu
412:Austrian Empire
356:
351:
224:era and of the
175:
170:
158:(ca. 1816–1820)
154:
147:Political party
110:
91:
86:
69:
64:
58:
53:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3332:
3315:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3274:
3260:Cristian Preda
3257:
3256:
3255:
3242:
3226:
3219:
3202:
3184:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3111:
3099:N. N. Hêrjeu,
3097:
3080:
3059:
3045:
3024:
3021:Balkan Studies
3013:
2999:
2992:
2978:
2968:
2950:
2937:(contributor:
2932:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2882:
2857:
2844:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2793:Caiete Critice
2781:
2772:
2763:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2679:
2666:
2653:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2611:Rosetti, p. 75
2597:
2588:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2487:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2388:Barbu Catargiu
2371:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2240:
2231:
2211:
2202:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2169:Urechia, p. 34
2162:
2153:
2137:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2068:
2059:
2045:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1868:Filitti, p. 66
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1813:
1804:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1606:
1597:
1584:
1582:Xenopol, p. 49
1575:
1566:
1548:
1530:
1521:
1519:Rosetti, p. 74
1512:
1503:
1501:Fotino, p. 123
1491:
1478:
1469:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1385:Camil Petrescu
1232:
1229:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1058:personal union
1050:Mihail Sturdza
999:
996:
905:writing slates
858:Barbu Catargiu
834:beautification
826:Pavel Kiselyov
760:
754:
709:Sava Fochianos
599:Dinicu Golescu
578:
575:
547:to Vulpea, in
466:National Party
454:Ottoman Empire
388:Prahova County
355:
352:
350:
347:
343:Camil Petrescu
274:Pavel Kiselyov
270:beautification
244:Russian Empire
232:National Party
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
164:
160:
159:
156:National Party
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
83:
82:
81:) of Wallachia
72:
71:
61:
60:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3454:
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3417:
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3411:
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3392:
3389:
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3378:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3342:A. D. Xenopol
3340:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:V. A. Urechia
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3253:973-29-0018-0
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:. Bucharest:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:973-97633-5-9
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3160:
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3152:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:Nicolae Iorga
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:973-23-0114-7
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3068:. Bucharest:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:. Bucharest:
3053:
3049:
3048:George Fotino
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3033:. Bucharest:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2956:. Bucharest:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2945:. Bucharest:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2920:. Bucharest:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2900:Contemporanul
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:(in Romanian)
2861:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:Nicolae Iorga
2828:
2825:
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2816:
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2801:
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2608:
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2598:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2546:, pp. 104–105
2545:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2432:Hêrjeu, p. 99
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:, pp. 88–89;
2381:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2338:Bodea, p. 213
2335:
2332:
2329:Bodea, p. 212
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2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:(in Romanian)
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:Nicolae Iorga
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
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1938:
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1911:
1907:
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1412:
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1406:
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1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:Nicolae Iorga
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:Ahead of the
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:, as well as
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
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1248:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1201:, to oversee
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1144:
1137:
1125:
1116:
1113:(portrait by
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736:
732:
731:Ivan Liprandi
727:
722:
720:
716:
715:
710:
708:
703:
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669:
668:Sublime Porte
665:
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629:
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546:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:
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520:boyar offices
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Boyars' Divan
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
470:Dionisie Lupu
467:
463:
462:Hellenization
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:Filiki Eteria
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:
424:
422:
417:
413:
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236:Filiki Eteria
233:
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151:Filiki Eteria
149:
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139:
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131:
128:
126:Resting place
124:
120:
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108:
104:
99:
95:
89:
84:
80:
79:
73:
67:
62:
56:
51:
46:
42:
37:
36:Anton Chladek
32:
27:
20:
3426:
3418:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3345:
3335:
3321:
3318:Emil Vârtosu
3304:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3263:
3244:
3234:
3229:George Potra
3222:
3208:
3187:
3169:
3150:
3137:
3125:I. V. Socecu
3120:
3100:
3086:
3065:
3051:
3030:
3020:
3002:
2995:
2981:
2974:
2953:
2942:
2917:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2835:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2792:
2789:Eugen Simion
2784:
2775:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2490:
2485:, pp. 99–100
2482:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2295:
2286:
2281:Bodin, p. 36
2277:
2268:
2259:
2251:
2248:Emil Vârtosu
2243:
2234:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2148:
2145:Dan Berindei
2140:
2130:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2076:
2071:
2062:
2029:
2007:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1877:Bodin, p. 21
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1541:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1445:Preda, p. 54
1441:
1433:
1428:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1362:
1345:
1342:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1274:
1268:
1245:
1234:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1115:Theodor Aman
1110:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1046:Abdulmejid I
1027:
1021:
1001:
987:
977:
974:Ilfov County
970:Regulamentul
969:
954:
940:
925:
886:
880:
876:
874:
821:
807:
802:
795:Ghica family
780:
762:
757:Regulamentul
756:
726:Emil Vârtosu
723:
712:
706:
680:
664:Ottoman Army
657:
653:
643:
640:
635:
627:
612:
580:
561:
555:
553:
543:Letter from
523:
506:, Alecu and
493:
481:John Caradja
427:
425:
369:
363:
357:
320:
318:
313:
310:Princess Zoe
263:
225:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:
87:
76:
65:
54:
3453:1856 deaths
3448:1775 births
3427:(1886–1938)
3419:(1862–1916)
3391:(1809–1863)
3383:(1808–1843)
3375:(1775–1856)
3367:(1765–1855)
3190:. Craiova:
2838:. Craiova:
2542:Andronescu
2503:Andronescu
2481:Andronescu
2450:Andronescu
2378:Andronescu
2365:Andronescu
1989:Andronescu
1591:Andronescu
1334:Ion G. Duca
1279:Crimean War
1260:land reform
830:cobblestone
587:Sacred Band
500:Russophiles
137:Nationality
132:, Bucharest
3493:Treasurers
3442:Categories
2910:References
1350:sex symbol
1029:ex officio
901:Saint Sava
838:sanitation
816:fell to a
799:Ioan Alecu
724:Historian
650:Târgoviște
595:Ciorogârla
530:City Mayor
485:Phanariote
365:Medelnicer
339:antagonist
286:Russophile
222:Phanariote
214:Wallachian
184:Profession
153:(ca. 1816)
141:Wallachian
3330:895101736
3313:465916431
3200:895213203
3194:, 1929.
3176:, 2015.
3159:490479129
3127:, 1902.
3078:830735698
3072:, 1967.
3062:Ion Ghica
3043:876309155
3037:, 1932.
2966:895304176
2960:, 1947.
2924:, 2010.
2529:Brătescu
2516:Brătescu
2398:, 1914.
2228:895229423
2042:606281810
2036:, 1905.
1613:Brătescu
1543:Universul
1485:Brătescu
1463:Brătescu
1365:Ion Ghica
1328:politico
1306:Caimacami
1271:Ioan Manu
1212:camarilla
962:Ion Ghica
941:Logothete
877:Logothete
850:Dorobanți
791:Mahmud II
782:Logothete
765:Mihalache
742:Francis I
735:Kronstadt
645:Ispravnic
632:Cotroceni
557:Caimacami
489:Manuc Bei
419:diplomat
371:Logothete
360:Bucharest
349:Biography
240:Bucharest
163:Relations
112:Bucharest
88:In office
78:Logothete
66:In office
55:In office
3172:. Iași:
3146:28843327
3133:38610972
3109:38789356
3066:Opere, I
3011:55568758
2677:, p. 151
2507:, p. 102
2078:Romanulu
1993:, p. 105
1617:, p. 108
1467:, p. 201
1318:Oltenița
1291:Caimacam
1247:Caimacam
1188:Râșnoava
1075:Oltenian
1042:Albanian
909:birching
814:Moldavia
803:Vulpache
759:adoption
562:Caimacam
438:Moldavia
358:Born in
234:and the
174:(nephew)
3241:, 1963.
3174:Polirom
3058:, 1939.
2990:1252020
2949:, 1968.
2520:, p. 92
2404:8154101
2369:, p. 83
1904:Iorga,
1314:Germans
1176:Bușteni
984:prefect
933:Caracal
917:Cerneți
913:Severin
719:tanners
714:Arnauts
707:Binbaşı
532:. With
450:Balkans
429:Stolnic
376:demesne
3328:
3311:
3270:
3251:
3215:
3198:
3180:
3157:
3144:
3131:
3107:
3093:
3076:
3041:
3009:
2988:
2964:
2943:Teatru
2928:
2895:Cinema
2893:", in
2840:Ramuri
2697:et al.
2695:Achim
2675:et al.
2673:Achim
2544:et al.
2531:et al.
2518:et al.
2505:et al.
2483:et al.
2452:et al.
2402:
2380:et al.
2367:et al.
2226:
2198:et al.
2196:Achim
2040:
1991:et al.
1615:et al.
1593:et al.
1487:et al.
1465:et al.
1434:et al.
1432:Achim
1264:corvée
1221:Brăila
1070:Muscal
988:Vornic
950:thaler
945:socage
822:Vornic
788:Sultan
739:Kaiser
702:Ciurel
694:slaves
691:Romani
687:corvée
654:Vornic
652:; the
636:Vulpea
628:Vornic
525:Vornic
478:Prince
400:Sorica
252:Prince
2891:Tudor
2874:, in
2129:, in
1421:Notes
1410:Tudor
1391:play
1184:Duțca
1172:Brebu
1160:Vătaf
1155:Vătaf
888:efori
659:Pitar
630:, at
593:. At
396:Jepii
218:boyar
169:(son)
3326:OCLC
3309:OCLC
3268:ISBN
3249:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3196:OCLC
3178:ISBN
3155:OCLC
3142:OCLC
3129:OCLC
3105:OCLC
3091:ISBN
3074:OCLC
3039:OCLC
3007:OCLC
2986:OCLC
2962:OCLC
2926:ISBN
2400:OCLC
2224:OCLC
2038:OCLC
1254:and
1186:and
982:(or
964:and
844:and
836:and
514:and
483:, a
402:and
300:and
118:Died
109:1775
106:Born
2941:),
1401:Ban
1085:Ban
979:Aga
468:of
423:.
322:Ban
208:or
3444::
3344:,
3320:,
3303:,
3279:,
3262:,
3231:,
3207:,
3116:,
3050:,
3029:,
2870:,
2842:,
2834:,
2600:^
2390:,
2304:^
2113:^
2048:^
2028:,
2016:^
1816:^
1706:^
1658:^
1551:^
1494:^
1417:.
1340:.
1227:.
1194:.
1182:,
1178:,
1105:,
1088:.
994:.
952:.
923:.
860:.
775:,
618:,
597:,
472:,
398:,
394::
345:.
316:.
312:,
261:.
204:,
1117:)
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