52:
272:
40:
472:. Temperatures range from 3 °C (37 °F) to 34 °C (93 °F), with an annual mean of 15.4 °C (59.7 °F). Higher elevations are generally cooler. Average annual precipitation is 1,081 mm (42.6 in), varying from 318 mm (12.5 in) to 1,698 mm (66.9 in) year to year. Rainfall is higher in the winter months, and varies with elevation and exposure; elevations above 500 m (1,640 ft) experience almost daily rainfall.
260:
252:
603:. About 20 buildings can be made out on detailed satellite images. The settlement was operative from 1909. It initially housed 190 criminals, while there were as many as 160 political prisoners from 1927 to 1930. The penal colony was abandoned in 1930. Recently, the island has seen regular settlement, with 57 people living on the island as of the 2012 census.
243:, not in the Juan Fernández Islands). This was just one of several survival stories from the period that Defoe would have been aware of. To reflect the literary lore associated with the island and attract tourists, the Chilean government renamed the place Alejandro Selkirk Island in 1966.
364:), in depths of 40.2 to 49.4 m (132 to 162 ft). The ravine is recognized by a white patch on a hill near it. Anchorage can also be taken, in depths of 31.1 to 50 m (102 to 164 ft), with sand bottom, off Rada de la Colonia.
1004:
488:
on
Alejandro Selkirk Island and Robinson Crusoe Island believed to be in excess of four million by the late 17th century. A census of 1797 estimated a population 2 – 3 million fur seals. The species was
282:
The island measures 11 km (7 mi) north–south and 6 km (4 mi) east–west, and has an area of 49.5 km (19.1 sq mi). It is densely wooded and very mountainous and is marked by
1338:
295:
are up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high. The south, west and north sides of the island have sandy strips of beach which extend 161 m (528 ft) offshore in places. The highest peak,
378:
epoch. Dating of rocks on the island show that it is the youngest of the Juan Fernández
Islands at an age of 1–2 million years old. Due to its young age, the island shows little evidence of
911:
497:
by the 19th century and was thought to be extinct for 100 years until 200 were found on the island in 1965. Since then, the population has grown steadily at 15% to 20% every year. The
655:
650:
1077:
1001:
816:
645:
710:
333:), where there is a boat slip and buildings of the former penal colony. Anchorage can be taken about 0.3 mi (480 m) east-northeast of Quebrada Sánchez (
299:, rises to 1,268 m (4,160 ft) in the southwest part of Alejandro Selkirk Island, where there is also a prominent rock with a hole through it.
1318:
302:
Landing is possible near the center of the east shore at
Quebrada Sánchez (Sánchez Ravine), and at the foot of Quebrada Las Casas (La Casas Ravine)
79:
572:
Throughout much of its history, the island has been uninhabited. There was formerly a penal settlement along the middle of the east coast, at
1333:
1328:
1070:
758:
693:
501:
is endemic to
Alejandro Selkirk and one of the rarest South American birds with only 140 individuals left. The Alejandro Selkirk firecrown,
1087:
575:
1026:
1013:
1323:
773:
382:. According to some early reports, now disputed, about 59 km (32 nmi) southwest of the island is the submerged Sefton Reef (
231:
The
Archipelago was home to the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk from 1704 to 1709, and is thought to have inspired English novelist
1313:
982:
946:
876:
851:
503:
891:
1063:
961:
51:
820:
416:
385:
336:
305:
213:
718:
542:
508:
481:
1343:
1275:
1234:
126:
790:
795:
39:
626:
on Más a Tierra (then uninhabited) from 1704 to 1709. His story of survival likely inspired the 1719 novel
1280:
520:
296:
291:
lead to a steep, rugged coast on the east side of the island off which are tremendous depths. The coastal
225:
152:
975:
Selkirk
Robinson: El mito: a tres siglos del desembarco del solitario en Isla Robinson Crusoe (1704–2004)
1270:
1139:
528:
892:
Gonzalez J. (2014). Phylogenetic position of the most endangered
Chilean bird: the Masafuera Rayadito (
524:
271:
1252:
1144:
217:
535:
516:
1290:
498:
264:
750:
744:
685:
679:
484:
is known to have existed during the late 17th century on the island with the population of the
1193:
978:
942:
872:
847:
754:
689:
615:
546:
368:
209:
1129:
553:
538:
465:
445:
193:
26:
1008:
628:
236:
116:
611:
413:), almost reaching sea level, and 47 km (25 nmi) to northwest, Yosemite Rock (
1229:
1166:
1154:
449:
371:
1002:
Robinson Crusoe, Moai statues and the Rapa Nui: the stories of Chile’s far-off islands
1307:
557:
67:
1211:
1149:
1134:
633:
490:
239:
in his 1719 novel about the character (although the novel is explicitly set in the
232:
259:
740:
469:
461:
375:
785:
1203:
512:
494:
1041:
1028:
590:
577:
431:
418:
400:
387:
351:
338:
320:
307:
94:
81:
1100:
1018:
619:
240:
205:
1055:
251:
1221:
1104:
623:
550:
485:
1244:
379:
1185:
1121:
1111:
1096:
610:
government renamed Isla Más Afuera as
Alejandro Selkirk Island, with
288:
111:
515:
and other introduced animals. The island has been recognised as an
1262:
607:
561:
292:
284:
270:
258:
250:
221:
166:
774:
Sailing
Directions Enroute, Vol. 125, West Coast of South America
224:. It is situated 180 km (100 nmi; 110 mi) west of
1059:
937:
Dieter
Mueller-Dombois; Francis Raymond Fosberg (1998).
367:
Alejandro Selkirk Island is the emergent summit of a
1019:
Patagonia documentary about the island, Los Plastico
1261:
1243:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1120:
179:
174:
158:
148:
140:
132:
122:
110:
73:
63:
58:
24:
1339:Important Bird Areas of the Juan Fernández Islands
711:"Debunking the Myth of the 'Real' Robinson Crusoe"
448:, once reported to lie farther to the west, is a
212:, is the largest and most westerly island in the
817:"Parque Nacional Archipiélago de Juan Fernández"
869:Marine Mammal Biology: An Evolutionary Approach
1014:Geographical names on Alejandro Selkirk Island
1071:
204:(Farther Out (to Sea)) and renamed after the
8:
19:
656:Endemic fauna of the Juan Fernández Islands
651:Endemic flora of the Juan Fernández Islands
1078:
1064:
1056:
939:Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands
673:
671:
50:
18:
275:The extinct Alejandro Selkirk firecrown,
1107:, sorted by country, from north to south
815:Corporacion Nacional Forestal de Chile.
667:
531:, as well as the Masafuera rayaditos.
871:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 330.
545:, but often also included within the
7:
228:in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.
709:Little, Becky (28 September 2016).
646:Flora of the Juan Fernández Islands
523:because it supports populations of
136:49.5 km (19.1 sq mi)
749:. New York: Basic Books. pp.
684:. New York: Basic Books. pp.
534:The flora on the island is in the
255:A view of Alejandro Selkirk Island
14:
614:becoming Robinson Crusoe Island.
504:Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi
277:Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi
44:A map of Alejandro Selkirk Island
511:, became extinct in 1908 due to
38:
507:, an endemic subspecies of the
464:climate, moderated by the cold
267:is endemic to Alejandro Selkirk
918:. BirdLife International. 2021
618:was a Scottish sailor who was
1:
977:. Mare Nostrum. p. 245.
973:Maura Brescia de Val (2004).
898:Tropical Conservation Science
844:Walker's Mammals of the World
1334:Pleistocene shield volcanoes
1329:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
1319:Islands of ValparaĂso Region
746:In Search of Robinson Crusoe
681:In Search of Robinson Crusoe
543:Antarctic Floristic Kingdom
144:1,268 m (4160 ft)
1360:
846:. JHU Press. p. 846.
214:Juan Fernández Archipelago
1094:
941:. Springer. p. 610.
163:
49:
37:
1314:Alejandro Selkirk Island
912:"Isla Alejandro Selkirk"
842:Ronald M. Nowak (1999).
791:Global Volcanism Program
509:Juan Fernández firecrown
460:Alejandro Selkirk has a
190:Alejandro Selkirk Island
20:Alejandro Selkirk Island
867:A. Rus Hoelzel (2002).
796:Smithsonian Institution
482:Juan Fernández fur seal
374:that formed during the
200:), previously known as
1324:Juan Fernández Islands
1276:Juan Fernández Islands
529:Juan Fernandez petrels
521:BirdLife International
297:Cerro de Los Inocentes
279:
268:
256:
226:Robinson Crusoe Island
198:Isla Alejandro Selkirk
197:
153:Cerro de Los Inocentes
141:Highest elevation
127:Juan Fernández Islands
31:Isla Alejandro Selkirk
1271:Desventuradas Islands
1140:Revillagigedo Islands
1042:33.75111°S 80.78333°W
894:Aphrastura masafuerae
721:on September 28, 2016
678:Severin, Tim (2002).
591:33.76361°S 80.75750°W
560:, with endemic plant
274:
262:
254:
95:33.75111°S 80.78333°W
1047:-33.75111; -80.78333
596:-33.76361; -80.75750
100:-33.75111; -80.78333
1112:continental islands
1038: /
786:"Alexander Selkirk"
715:National Geographic
587: /
547:Neotropical Kingdom
536:Fernandezian Region
517:Important Bird Area
428: /
397: /
348: /
317: /
91: /
21:
1007:2013-09-30 at the
916:BirdLife Data Zone
499:Masafuera rayadito
468:and the southeast
287:and numerous deep
280:
269:
265:Masafuera rayadito
257:
149:Highest point
1301:
1300:
1286:Alejandro Selkirk
1253:Galápagos Islands
1194:Clipperton Island
1115:
823:on 23 August 2012
760:978-046-50-7698-7
695:978-046-50-7698-7
616:Alexander Selkirk
612:Isla Más a Tierra
432:32.067°S 83.233°W
401:36.717°S 83.250°W
352:33.717°S 80.733°W
321:33.750°S 80.717°W
218:ValparaĂso Region
210:Alexander Selkirk
187:
186:
1351:
1344:Seabird colonies
1174:
1162:
1130:Guadalupe Island
1109:
1099:located between
1080:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
989:
988:
970:
964:
959:
953:
952:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
902:
896:; Furnariidae).
889:
883:
882:
864:
858:
857:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
819:. Archived from
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
782:
776:
771:
765:
764:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
717:. Archived from
706:
700:
699:
675:
602:
601:
599:
598:
597:
592:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
539:Floristic Region
466:Humboldt Current
443:
442:
440:
439:
438:
437:-32.067; -83.233
433:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
412:
411:
409:
408:
407:
406:-36.717; -83.250
402:
398:
395:
394:
393:
390:
363:
362:
360:
359:
358:
357:-33.717; -80.733
353:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
332:
331:
329:
328:
327:
326:-33.750; -80.717
322:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
54:
42:
22:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1281:Robinson Crusoe
1257:
1239:
1216:
1198:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1116:
1108:
1097:Oceanic islands
1090:
1088:Pacific islands
1084:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1009:Wayback Machine
998:
993:
992:
985:
972:
971:
967:
962:Satellite image
960:
956:
949:
936:
935:
931:
921:
919:
910:
909:
905:
890:
886:
879:
866:
865:
861:
854:
841:
840:
836:
826:
824:
814:
813:
809:
800:
798:
784:
783:
779:
772:
768:
761:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
708:
707:
703:
696:
677:
676:
669:
664:
642:
629:Robinson Crusoe
595:
593:
589:
586:
581:
578:
576:
574:
573:
570:
478:
476:Flora and fauna
458:
436:
434:
430:
427:
422:
419:
417:
415:
414:
405:
403:
399:
396:
391:
388:
386:
384:
383:
356:
354:
350:
347:
342:
339:
337:
335:
334:
325:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:
306:
304:
303:
249:
237:Robinson Crusoe
170:
117:Volcanic island
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
45:
33:
32:
17:
16:Island of Chile
12:
11:
5:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1235:Gorgona Island
1232:
1230:Malpelo Island
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
997:
996:External links
994:
991:
990:
983:
965:
954:
947:
929:
903:
884:
877:
859:
852:
834:
807:
777:
766:
759:
732:
701:
694:
666:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
653:
648:
641:
638:
569:
566:
554:plant families
477:
474:
457:
454:
450:phantom island
446:Podesta Island
372:shield volcano
248:
245:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
164:
161:
160:
159:Administration
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
30:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1356:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:San Benedicto
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
986:
984:956-8089-04-7
980:
976:
969:
966:
963:
958:
955:
950:
948:0-387-98313-9
944:
940:
933:
930:
917:
913:
907:
904:
901:
900:. 7:677–689.
899:
895:
888:
885:
880:
878:0-632-05232-5
874:
870:
863:
860:
855:
853:0-8018-5789-9
849:
845:
838:
835:
822:
818:
811:
808:
797:
793:
792:
787:
781:
778:
775:
770:
767:
762:
756:
752:
748:
747:
742:
736:
733:
720:
716:
712:
705:
702:
697:
691:
687:
683:
682:
674:
672:
668:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
637:
635:
631:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
600:
567:
565:
563:
559:
558:Lactoridaceae
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
492:
487:
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
455:
453:
451:
447:
441:
410:
381:
377:
373:
370:
365:
361:
330:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
273:
266:
261:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
235:'s fictional
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
178:
173:
169:
168:
162:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
113:
109:
104:
76:
72:
69:
68:Pacific Ocean
66:
62:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
28:
23:
1285:
1212:Cocos Island
1170:
1158:
1150:Roca Partida
1135:Rocas Alijos
1023:
974:
968:
957:
938:
932:
920:. Retrieved
915:
906:
897:
893:
887:
868:
862:
843:
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:the original
810:
799:. Retrieved
789:
780:
769:
745:
741:Severin, Tim
735:
725:30 September
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
714:
704:
680:
634:Daniel Defoe
627:
606:In 1966 the
605:
571:
564:also found.
533:
502:
479:
459:
366:
301:
281:
276:
233:Daniel Defoe
230:
201:
189:
188:
175:Demographics
165:
1291:Santa Clara
1110:(excluding
1045: /
594: /
525:Stejneger's
513:feral goats
470:trade winds
462:subtropical
435: /
404: /
376:Pleistocene
355: /
324: /
123:Archipelago
98: /
74:Coordinates
27:Native name
1308:Categories
1204:Costa Rica
1171:Santa Rosa
1033:80°47′00″W
1030:33°45′04″S
922:22 January
801:2020-11-05
662:References
582:80°45′27″W
579:33°45′49″S
495:extinction
202:Más Afuera
180:Population
86:80°47′00″W
83:33°45′04″S
1159:San Tomás
1101:Polynesia
541:, in the
519:(IBA) by
369:submarine
247:Geography
241:Caribbean
59:Geography
1222:Colombia
1167:ClariĂłn
1155:Socorro
1105:Americas
1103:and the
1086:Eastern
1005:Archived
743:(2002).
640:See also
624:castaway
620:marooned
556:include
493:to near
206:marooned
64:Location
1245:Ecuador
608:Chilean
568:History
551:Endemic
456:Climate
423:83°14′W
420:32°04′S
392:83°15′W
389:36°43′S
380:erosion
343:80°44′W
340:33°43′S
312:80°43′W
309:33°45′S
289:ravines
216:of the
208:sailor
194:Spanish
1186:France
1122:Mexico
981:
945:
875:
850:
827:27 May
757:
692:
562:genera
491:hunted
293:cliffs
285:ridges
1263:Chile
751:23–24
686:17–19
622:as a
486:seals
222:Chile
167:Chile
979:ISBN
943:ISBN
924:2021
873:ISBN
848:ISBN
829:2010
755:ISBN
727:2016
690:ISBN
527:and
480:The
263:The
133:Area
112:Type
632:by
444:).
220:of
1310::
914:.
794:.
788:.
753:.
713:.
688:.
670:^
636:.
549:.
452:.
196::
183:57
29::
1173:)
1169:(
1161:)
1157:(
1114:)
1079:e
1072:t
1065:v
987:.
951:.
926:.
881:.
856:.
831:.
804:.
763:.
729:.
698:.
192:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
