509:, the behavior of which was governed by the properties of their component atoms and the arrangement of these atoms into a molecular structure. Gradually though, he said, the resulting growth and increased complexity of molecules brought new properties into being and a new colloidal-chemical order developed as a successor to more simple relationships between and among organic chemicals. These newer properties were determined by the interactions of these more complex molecules.
414:
356:... Oparin at the very end of 1955 continued to zealously defend the pseudoscience of not only Lysenko, but also Lepeshinskaya, despite the fact that by this time many articles had already been published exposing their data, and despite the fact that there was no longer any reason to fear reprisals for defending the truths of real science.
49:
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and research by others, including himself, into organic chemicals which, in solution, might spontaneously form droplets and layers. Oparin suggested that different types of coacervates could have formed in the Earth's primordial ocean and been subject to a selection process that led, eventually, to
360:
From 1942 to 1960, Oparin headed the
Department of Plant Biochemistry at Moscow State University, where he gave lectures on general biochemistry, technical biochemistry, and special courses on enzymology and the problem of the origin of life. In 1970, he was elected President of the International
374:." The letter accused Sakharov of having "made a number of statements discrediting the political system, foreign and domestic policies of the Soviet Union," and the academics assessed his human rights activities as "discrediting the honor and dignity of the Soviet scientist."
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298:. His first experimental studies were devoted to the chemistry of respiration. In them, he showed that chlorogenic acid is an essential component of redox reactions in the cell. In 1924 he put forward a hypothesis suggesting that
482:
There is no fundamental difference between a living organism and lifeless matter. The complex combination of manifestations and properties characteristic of life must have arisen as a part of the process of the evolution of
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326:. In 1939, Oparin became a Corresponding Member of the Academy, and, in 1946, a full member. In 1937, he organized the Department of Technical Biochemistry at the Moscow Technological Institute of Food Industry.
282:
520:
Oparin outlined a way he thought that basic organic chemicals might have formed into microscopic localized systems, from which primitive living things could have developed. He cited work done by de Jong and
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Oparin posited that this process brought biological orderliness into prominence. According to Oparin, competition, speed of cell growth, survival of the fittest, struggle for existence and, finally,
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545:) into a mixture of several simple components that would be present in a reducing atmosphere. Within a fairly short period of time a variety of familiar organic compounds, such as
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1212:
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866:"ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ (Π 70-Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ 40-Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅) β Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ 1, ΡΠΎΠΌ 29, 1964 β ΠΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ"
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in 1917 and became a professor of biochemistry there in 1927. Many of his early papers were about plant enzymes and their role in
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attempted an experiment to investigate whether chemical self-organization could have been possible on pre-historic Earth. The
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in 1894 into a merchant family. He and his parents soon moved to
Kokayevo, a nearby village. Oparin had an older brother,
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Oparin was one of the academicians of the USSR Academy of
Sciences who signed a letter from scientists to the newspaper
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While Oparin himself was unable to conduct experiments to test any of these ideas, later researchers tried. In 1953,
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The
Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science
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in 1979 "for outstanding achievements in biochemistry". He was also a five-time recipient of the
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and the other giant planets, Oparin suggested that the infant Earth had possessed a strongly
1188:
Members of the
Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1955β1959
1183:
Members of the
Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1951β1955
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215:
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determined the form of material organization characteristic of modern-day living things.
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and water vapor. In his opinion, these were the raw materials for the evolution of life.
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Oparin, A. I. "The origin of life", translation by Ann Synge. In: Bernal, J. D. (ed.),
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478:, he was primarily interested in how life began. As early as 1922, he asserted that:
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944:"ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π :: ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎ Π‘Π°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· "Π₯ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ""
541:
introduced heat (to provide reflux) and electrical energy (sparks, to simulate
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Academic staff of the D. Mendeleev
University of Chemical Technology of Russia
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438: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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He also studied the biochemistry of material processing by plants and
1028:"Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions"
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In Oparin's formulation, there were first only simple solutions of
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line" helped advance his career. However, according to cytologist
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915:"VIVOS VOCO: Π.Π―. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ², "Π’ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ""
716:" theory of the origin of life from carbon-based molecules, 1924)
682:"The External Factors in Enzyme Interactions Within a Plant Cell"
667:. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences publisher, 3rd edition, 1956.
299:
895:
The
Perversion Of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science.
407:
1173:
Members of the German
National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
688:"The History of the Theory of Genesis and Evolution of Life"
599:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1967, p. 199β234.
377:
Oparin died in Moscow on 21 April 1980, and was interred in
553:
The influence of dialectical materialism on Oparin's theory
1094:
Cradle of Life: The
Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils
642:, 2nd ed., New York: Dover, 1953, reprinted in 2003,
329:
In 1940s and 1950s, Oparin supported the theories of
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Foreign members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
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Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences editors
1218:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1168:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
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58:
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673:English translation: Oparin, A., and V. Fesenkov.
226:18 February] 1894 β 21 April 1980) was a
466:Although Oparin's started out reviewing various
370:in 1973 condemning "the behavior of Academician
1002:"ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π° Π. Π. ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅"
354:
322:, he founded the Biochemistry Institute of the
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858:
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361:Society for the Study of the Origins of Life.
260:and developed the foundations for industrial
8:
1163:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
870:Β«ΠΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΒ» β ΠΡΡΠ½Π°Π» Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ
614:(NASA TTF-488). Washington: D.C.L GPO, 1968.
486:Taking into account the recent discovery of
653:, 3rd ed., New York: Academic Press, 1957,
586:. Moscow: Izd. Moskovskii Rabochii, 1924.
47:
29:
454:Learn how and when to remove this message
685:"Life, Its Nature, Origin and Evolution"
752:
1208:Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
823:
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762:
760:
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625:. Moscow: Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1936.
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677:. New York: Twayne Publishers (1961).
635:, 1st ed., New York: Macmillan, 1938.
302:on Earth developed through a gradual
7:
436:adding citations to reliable sources
233:notable for his theories about the
127:Contributions to the theory of the
973:"ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π "
612:The Origin and Development of Life
318:. In 1935, along with academician
25:
1213:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
412:
1258:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
1008:from the original on 2014-01-02
954:from the original on 2018-01-15
876:from the original on 2021-07-15
710:List of independent discoveries
651:The Origin of Life on the Earth
498:, containing methane, ammonia,
423:needs additional citations for
1178:Moscow State University alumni
561:'s official interpretation of
1:
1203:Recipients of the Lenin Prize
623:Vozniknovenie zhizni na zemle
476:William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
470:theories, including those of
392:in 1974, and was awarded the
27:Soviet biochemist (1894β1980)
1057:10.1126/science.117.3046.528
979:. 2001-11-25. Archived from
921:. 2014-11-11. Archived from
404:Theory of the origin of life
1092:Schopf, J. William (2001).
1026:Miller, Stanley L. (1953).
316:the Earth's primordial soup
287:, who became an economist.
1274:
1193:Heroes of Socialist Labour
1098:Princeton University Press
1004:(in Russian). 2016-11-27.
950:(in Russian). 2017-12-11.
872:(in Russian). 2021-11-07.
837:Cambridge University Press
803:"ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π£Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ°. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ II"
324:Soviet Academy of Sciences
290:Oparin graduated from the
212:Alexander Ivanovich Oparin
789:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
783:ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
769:. Encyclopedia Britannica
663:Oparin, A., Fesenkov, V.
220:ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½
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1198:Kalinga Prize recipients
1138:20th-century biochemists
792:, 1969β1978 (in Russian)
386:Hero of Socialist Labour
256:processes were based on
200:USSR Academy of Sciences
144:Hero of Socialist Labour
40:
1223:Evolutionary biologists
1143:20th-century biologists
567:dialectical materialism
292:Moscow State University
196:Moscow State University
118:Moscow State University
53:Oparin in the mid-1970s
897:Westview Press (2004)
628:English translations:
592:English translations:
584:Proiskhozhdenie zhizni
552:
539:MillerβUrey experiment
490:in the atmospheres of
388:in 1969, received the
358:
252:. He showed that many
472:Hermann von Helmholtz
77:Yaroslavl Governorate
919:vivovoco.astronet.ru
839:. pp. 338β339.
675:Life in the Universe
665:Life in the Universe
432:improve this article
394:Lomonosov Gold Medal
379:Novodevichy Cemetery
222:; 2 March [
165:Lomonosov Gold Medal
1238:Russian biochemists
1049:1953Sci...117..528M
948:ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ°
893:Vadim J. Birstein.
605:Valencia University
496:reducing atmosphere
343:Vladimir Alexandrov
272:Oparin was born in
1248:Soviet biochemists
1243:Russian biologists
1148:People from Uglich
640:The Origin of Life
633:The Origin of Life
597:The origin of life
335:Olga Lepeshinskaya
304:chemical evolution
239:The Origin of Life
1253:Soviet biologists
1107:978-0-691-08864-8
846:978-0-521-66361-8
514:natural selection
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237:and for his book
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176:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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107:Soviet Union
103:Russian SFSR
93:(1980-04-21)
69:2 March 1894
1133:1980 deaths
1128:1894 births
720:Microsphere
700:Abiogenesis
577:Major works
547:amino acids
527:coacervates
390:Lenin Prize
381:in Moscow.
346: [
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250:plant cells
151:Lenin Prize
133:Coacervates
1122:Categories
1078:2011-01-17
1012:2024-05-16
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811:2024-05-15
747:References
730:Proteinoid
468:panspermia
296:metabolism
231:biochemist
65:1894-03-02
543:lightning
312:molecules
1065:13056598
1006:Archived
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831:(1999).
693:See also
500:hydrogen
1045:Bibcode
1036:Science
977:ihst.ru
786:in the
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563:Marxism
492:Jupiter
488:methane
483:matter.
310:-based
216:Russian
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601:Google
530:life.
367:Pravda
308:carbon
278:Dmitry
274:Uglich
246:enzyme
228:Soviet
182:Fields
168:(1979)
161:(1976)
154:(1974)
147:(1969)
139:Awards
99:Moscow
73:Uglich
1072:(PDF)
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59:Born
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