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377:. Cochrane tried to implicate Sir Edward Pellew, who had good relations with the Governor of Ferrol, in fraud, then making seriously damaging and unfounded allegations against Sir Edward's secretary Fitzgerald. These were never substantiated and destroyed Fitzgerald's career but didn't accomplish the destruction of its target, who later became Viscount Exmouth.
514:
814:
attack on
Hampstead Hill (which they cancelled and withdrew), but this diversion had no success. In the bombardment of Fort McHenry, Cochrane's fleet used bomb vessels and a rocket ship for a long-range bombardment to minimize casualties and damage to the fleet from the fort's return fire, which inspired
864:
I cannot but regret that he was ever employed on such a service or with such a colleague. The expedition to New
Orleans originated with that colleague ... The Americans were prepared with an army in a fortified position which still would have been carried, if the duties of others, that is of the
813:
outside
Baltimore (13 and 14 September), which proved ineffectual. He resisted calls by his junior officers to attack the fort more aggressively with frigates at close range. He ordered a diversionary raid by boats, around 1am on the 14th, to assist the army encamped near Baltimore in their proposed
794:, with their truce vessel in tow, as the fleet slowly moved up the Chesapeake toward Baltimore. They would not be released until the assault on Baltimore was completed. On 11 September, Skinner insisted they be put back on their own truce vessel which they were allowed to do, under guard.
1526:
The Book of
Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great
272:
for his services in 1806. In 1814 he became vice admiral and commander-in-chief of the North
American Station, led British naval forces during the attacks on Washington and New Orleans, and was promoted to admiral in 1819 and became commander-in-chief of the Plymouth naval base.
1938:
1933:
924:
became the earl and lost the family lands on a series of inventions and investments. Many of the younger sons served in the military or had careers supplying it. The next brother, Charles, served in the army and was killed at the
653:
by editing this article to remove any non-free copyrighted content and attributing free content correctly, or flagging the content for deletion. Please be sure that the supposed source of the copyright violation is not itself a
956:
wrote of the
Cochrane brothers in 1806, "The Cochranes are not to be trusted out of sight, they are all mad, romantic, money-getting and not truth-telling—and there is not a single exception in any part of the family."
1309:
Cockburn, who accompanied Ross into the capital, reportedly wanted to burn the entire city in retaliation for
American depredations in Canada. But it was an army operation and Ross' call, and he would have none of
797:
The morning of the 12th, 4500 British troops landed on the North Point peninsula and started marching toward
Baltimore. Major General Robert Ross was killed by sniper fire in a skirmish that afternoon before the
756:
to attack
Washington, after the latter predicted that "within a short period of time, with enough force, we could easily have at our mercy the capital". The 4,500 troops, commanded by Major General
945:, made a fortune supplying the Royal Navy in India. Alexander was the sixth son. The seventh, George Augustus Frederick Cochrane, had an army career and served in Parliament. The youngest son,
1466:, War of 1812 Documents from the British National Archives microfilm, The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2006, ADM 50/87, ADM 50/122 – via film viewed at research center 5 January 2022
481:. On 25 October 1809 he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral. He held the position of Governor of Guadeloupe from 6 February 1810 to 26 June 1813. Cochrane also owned the "Good Hope"
1908:
1898:
1333:
Vaise, Vince (Chief Park Ranger, Fort McHenry). "Birth of the Star
Spangled Banner" Video tour from Fort McHenry. American History TV: American Artifacts, C-Span – August 2014
1321:
Skinner, John Stuart. "Incidents of the War of 1812" From The Baltimore Patriot, 23 May 1849. Reprinted: Maryland Historical Magazine, Baltimore. Volume 32, 1937 (pp. 340–347)
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and operated from 1808 to 1810. The larger second corps (the first had been disbanded), formed in 1814, was disbanded in 1815, at the conclusion of the War of 1812.
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returning from South America, before they reached Cádiz. The effect of Cochrane's actions was to bring Spain back into the war on France's side in 1804.
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Admirals' Journals Reel contains two volumes: Pulteney Malcolm, 1813 Oct. 1 – 1815 Sept. 10; and Sir A. F. I. Cochrane, 1813 Dec. 27 – 1815 May 11.
1918:
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on 8 January 1815 and Cochrane received some criticism for his role in that loss, which prevented the British from gaining a foothold in the US.
492:"No individual had greater responsibility for the decision to recruit and arm American slaves than did Alexander Cochrane." Cochrane formed two
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369:, a "tarpaulin officer" (an officer who had worked up from being a seaman), had been preferred over himself, a well connected aristocrat, as
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but refused suggestions by both Cochrane and Cockburn to raze the city. Ross ordered his troops to cause no damage to private property.
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1345:
Vogel, Steve. "Through the Perilous Fight: Six Weeks That Saved the Nation" – Random House, New York. 2013 (pp. 271–274, 311–341).
591:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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after withdrawing from the assault on Washington. The next day Key, Skinner and Beanes were transferred to the frigate HMS
1664:, War of 1812 Documents from the British National Archives microfilm, The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2006, ADM 1/509
1652:, War of 1812 Documents from the British National Archives microfilm, The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2006, ADM 1/508
1640:, War of 1812 Documents from the British National Archives microfilm, The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2006, ADM 1/507
1628:, War of 1812 Documents from the British National Archives microfilm, The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2006, ADM 1/506
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The Scottish Nation: Or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, and Biographical History of the People of Scotland
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933:. The third surviving son, John Cochrane, was a paymaster and provisioner to the army and navy. His children included
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745:(1814–1815). His correspondence log commences with mention of the correspondence dated 27 December 1813 from the
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on 29 March 1806 in recognition of his service. Other rewards included thanks from both Houses of Parliament,
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was particularly vociferous in his criticism. He claimed that the failure of the New Orleans campaign was
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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In spite of bearing some responsibility for the loss at New Orleans, Cochrane was later promoted to
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Admiral (Sir Alexander Cochrane), had been as well performed as that of he whom we now lament.
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in New England after the success at Washington, but he was dissuaded by Ross and Rear Admiral
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https://www.c-span.org/video/?321206-1/discussion-fort-mchenry-birth-star-spangled-banner
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agreed to provide some support for an unsuccessful second attempt to invade Venezuela.
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was entered in the Royal Navy at the age of seven; he rose to become governor of the
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as a boy and served with British naval forces in North America. He served during the
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833:, in December 1814 and also controlled the soldiers and marines on ships during the
1430:
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 5)
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810:
760:, successfully captured the capital city on 24 August 1814; Ross then directed the
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and pushed successful naval forays at the same time. Initially he wanted to attack
389:. He conducted operations against the French and Spanish on 6 February 1806 at the
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675:
496:, made up primarily of escaped slaves. The first corps was based on the island of
1442:""Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone" (1767–1833)], The History of Parliament online"
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to facilitate moving up the Patapsco River to direct the 25-hour bombardment of
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The Maroons of Prospect Bluff and Their Quest for Freedom in the Atlantic World
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In 1788, he married Maria Shaw; they had three sons and two daughters. His son
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1406:"COCHRANE, Hon. Alexander Forrester Inglis (1758–1832), of Lamancha, Peebles"
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Stirling constituencies
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439:, who had been defeated by Spanish naval forces in an attempt to liberate
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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
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https://archive.org/details/marylandhistoric3219mary/page/340/mode/2up
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for use by British armed forces. The British army was defeated at the
443:. As Spain was then at war with Britain, Cochrane and the governor of
1592:. Vol. 1, part 1. London: Longman and company. pp. 257–266.
949:, was an army officer, colonial governor, politician, and fraudster.
421:
1662:
Letters from Commanders-in-Chief, North America: 1815, nos. 127–316.
1638:
Letters from Commanders-in-Chief, North America: 1814, nos. 269–348.
1626:
Letters from Commanders-in-Chief, North America: 1814, nos. 141–268.
299:
Cochrane also participated in the Egyptian operations in 1801. When
1484:
The Royal Navy: Vol. 6: A History – From the Earliest Times to 1900
1650:
Letters from Commanders-in-Chief, North America: 1815, nos. 1–126.
674:
91:
1572:. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 159–160.
1555:
The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource:
1530:. Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans – via Google Books.
860:(Wellington's brother-in-law, killed at New Orleans), he said:
749:
which formally appointed him as successor to Sir John Warren.
618:
565:
507:
354:
About 1802–1803, Cochrane alienated the Spanish governor of
281:
Alexander Inglis Cochrane was a younger son of the Scottish
937:, who became a rear admiral, and probably the chess player
525:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
358:, when one of his commanders intercepted four ships of the
1460:"Film reel 7, Admiralty Records, North America, 1813–1815"
1228:
C-in-C North American Station Admiral's correspondence log
916:
Alexander Cochrane was the sixth of the surviving sons of
401:
blew his hat off his head while he was on the deck of his
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774:, near the mouth of the Potomac on 7 September 1814 that
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1658:"Film reel 5, Admiralty Records, North America, 1815"
1646:"Film reel 4, Admiralty Records, North America, 1815"
1634:"Film reel 3, Admiralty Records, North America, 1814"
1622:"Film reel 2, Admiralty Records, North America, 1814"
929:; he had married to Catherine, the daughter of Major
1051:
1049:
752:
Cochrane approved the plan proposed by Rear Admiral
1292:"Why Americans Celebrate the Burning of Washington"
365:Cochrane also had been incensed that the brilliant
212:
152:
130:
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50:
30:
1008:
288:, and his second wife, Jane Stuart. He joined the
1267:"In 1814, British forces burned the U.S. Capitol"
1165:https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146630297
1538:Nelson and Napoleon: The Long Haul to Trafalgar
1505:British Strategy in the Napoleonic War, 1803-15
1241:"Interview With War of 1812 Author Steve Vogel"
351:, were the first vessels to enter the harbour.
19:For other people named Alexander Cochrane, see
450:Following the concern in Britain that neutral
885:Cochrane was a Member of Parliament (MP) for
734:, who wanted to go after the bigger prize of
16:Royal Navy officer and politician (1758–1832)
8:
1909:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1563:"Cochrane, Alexander Forrester Inglis"
1019:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
825:Cochrane led the British force that won the
786:, a civilian who had been taken prisoner in
690:against the United States, Cochrane, then a
1899:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
1765:Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands Station
477:. In 1809 he commanded naval forces in the
385:In 1805 Cochrane was made commander of the
217:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1792:Commander-in-Chief, North American Station
1671:
889:from 1800 to 1802, and from 1803 to 1806.
782:pleaded for and got the release of Doctor
743:Commander-in-Chief, North American Station
718:. He landed the force under Major-General
42:
27:
1615:Significant Scots: Sir Alexander Cochrane
607:Learn how and when to remove this message
554:Learn how and when to remove this message
414:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
242:officer and politician who served in the
238:; 23 April 1758 – 26 January 1832) was a
1392:
1152:
1131:
1080:
837:. His forces built a hard short road to
244:French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
1894:Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812
1215:
1200:
1016:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1003:
979:
877:. He died in Paris on 26 January 1832.
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918:Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald
473:of ships that were sent to occupy the
286:Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald
1617:– Biography from ElectricScotland.com
1535:Lee, Christopher (20 November 2014).
1116:
805:Cochrane transferred his flag to HMS
7:
1092:
1819:Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station
1104:
873:in 1819. From 1821 to 1824, he was
767:It was aboard Cochrane's flagship,
21:Alexander Cochrane (disambiguation)
1583:"Cochrane, Alexander Inglis"
644:Knowledge (XXG)'s copyright policy
263:French invasion of Egypt and Syria
14:
1924:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
754:Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet
1712:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1705:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1569:Dictionary of National Biography
1502:Hall, Christopher David (1992).
623:
570:
512:
1508:. Manchester University Press.
1180:. University Press of Florida.
911:Knight of the Order of the Bath
375:Commander-in-Chief, East Indies
268:Cochrane was knighted into the
854:largely the fault of Cochrane.
469:(74 guns) as commander of the
454:was entering an alliance with
303:fell, Cochrane, in the 74-gun
1:
1410:historyofparliamentonline.org
1383:, Harper and Collins, p. 206.
649:Please review the source and
228:Sir Alexander Inglis Cochrane
1846:Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
1040:UK public library membership
875:Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
822:", the US national anthem.
686:From April 1814, during the
435:, Cochrane met with General
424:, and a sword valued at 100
294:American War of Independence
236:Alexander Forrester Cochrane
160:American War of Independence
147:Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
54:Alexander Forrester Cochrane
1919:History of Îles des Saintes
1720:Parliament of Great Britain
1676:Parliament of Great Britain
1470:Anderson, William. (1862).
1176:Millett, Nathaniel (2013).
741:Cochrane was appointed the
1970:
1487:. S. Low, Marston and Co.
18:
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1725:Member of Parliament for
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1691:Member of Parliament for
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1381:Wellington: The Iron Duke
968:Admiral Rock, Nova Scotia
947:Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone
494:Corps of Colonial Marines
246:and achieved the rank of
41:
1379:Holmes, Richard (2003).
820:The Star-Spangled Banner
679:A lithograph of Cochrane
1603:. West India Committee.
1597:Cundall, Frank (1915).
1523:Haydn, Joseph (2008) .
856:In a eulogy to General
638:from another location,
579:Some of this article's
387:Leeward Islands Station
135:Leeward Islands Station
1904:Scottish Episcopalians
1743:Sir John Henderson, Bt
935:Nathaniel Day Cochrane
903:colony of Newfoundland
867:
700:North American Station
680:
656:Knowledge (XXG) mirror
534:by rewriting it in an
479:conquest of Martinique
360:Spanish treasure fleet
175:Invasion of Martinique
143:North American Station
1944:British MPs 1796–1800
1914:Younger sons of earls
1889:Scottish slave owners
1589:Royal Naval Biography
1541:. Faber & Faber.
1025:10.1093/ref:odnb/5749
862:
843:Battle of New Orleans
835:Battle of New Orleans
827:Battle of Lake Borgne
818:'s poem that became "
800:Battle of North Point
762:Burning of Washington
678:
391:Battle of San Domingo
202:Battle of New Orleans
197:Battle of Lake Borgne
187:Burning of Washington
170:Battle of San Domingo
1829:John Erskine Douglas
1356:"Alexander Cochrane"
1057:"Alexander Cochrane"
1010:"Alexander Cochrane"
907:Admiral of the Fleet
899:Thomas John Cochrane
462:, in 1807 sailed in
437:Francisco de Miranda
371:Admiral of the White
347:, and three Turkish
1884:Royal Navy admirals
1775:Sir Francis Laforey
1479:Clowes, Sir William
1395:, pp. 257–266.
1155:, pp. 263–264.
1095:, pp. 112–113.
954:Earl of St. Vincent
909:; he was appointed
871:Admiral of the Blue
702:, based at the new
418:freedom of the city
412:. He was appointed
248:admiral of the blue
192:Battle of Baltimore
125:Admiral of the Blue
1856:Sir James Saumarez
1061:Battlefields Trust
922:Archibald Cochrane
850:Duke of Wellington
696:commander-in-chief
681:
536:encyclopedic style
523:is written like a
475:Danish West Indies
458:, Cochrane, now a
36:Alexander Cochrane
1862:
1861:
1853:Succeeded by
1826:Succeeded by
1799:Succeeded by
1772:Succeeded by
1750:Military offices
1740:Succeeded by
1703:Succeeded by
1548:978-0-571-32168-1
1515:978-0-7190-3606-4
1143:Anderson, p. 102.
1038:(Subscription or
927:Siege of Yorktown
920:. The eldest son
816:Francis Scott Key
776:Francis Scott Key
724:burned Washington
673:
672:
636:copied and pasted
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564:
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556:
367:Sir Edward Pellew
270:Order of the Bath
259:Alexandria, Egypt
222:
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1961:
1954:UK MPs 1802–1806
1949:UK MPs 1801–1802
1839:Viscount Exmouth
1836:Preceded by
1809:Preceded by
1782:Preceded by
1755:Preceded by
1718:Preceded by
1697:February 1800 –
1682:Preceded by
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642:in violation of
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483:slave plantation
381:In the Caribbean
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1929:Cochrane family
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1802:Sir David Milne
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1758:Robert Stopford
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1727:Stirling Burghs
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1271:Washington Post
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887:Stirling Burghs
883:
858:Edward Pakenham
853:
732:George Cockburn
712:Jamaica Station
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532:help improve it
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395:Napoleonic Wars
383:
356:Ferrol, Galicia
320:Bonne Citoyenne
279:
250:. He captained
208:
165:Napoleonic Wars
145:
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139:Jamaica Station
137:
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85:26 January 1832
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597:December 2021
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498:Marie-Galante
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69:23 April 1758
61:
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1685:William Tait
1668:
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1474:. Fullarton.
1471:
1463:
1453:Bibliography
1436:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
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1301:. Retrieved
1295:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
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1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1235:
1223:
1216:Stephen 1887
1201:Cundall 1915
1196:
1177:
1171:
1160:
1148:
1139:
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1088:
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1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1028:. Retrieved
1014:
966:Namesake of
951:
915:
896:
884:
868:
863:
847:
824:
811:Fort McHenry
806:
804:
796:
791:
780:John Skinner
778:and Colonel
770:
766:
751:
740:
738:, Maryland.
728:Rhode Island
698:of both the
694:, served as
692:vice admiral
685:
682:
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460:rear admiral
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277:Naval career
267:
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227:
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153:Battles/wars
87:(1832-01-26)
25:
1879:1832 deaths
1874:1758 births
1245:History Net
839:New Orleans
758:Robert Ross
720:Robert Ross
714:, based at
688:War of 1812
651:remedy this
584:may not be
504:War of 1812
393:during the
344:Victorieuse
332:brig-sloops
313:, with the
261:during the
182:War of 1812
1868:Categories
1850:1821–1824
1823:1814–1815
1796:1814–1815
1769:1805–1811
1415:11 October
1365:17 January
1303:16 January
1276:16 January
1251:17 January
1117:Haydn 2008
1066:17 January
1042:required.)
1030:11 October
974:References
716:Port Royal
710:, and the
399:cannonball
373:to become
337:Port Mahon
315:sixth-rate
305:third-rate
301:Alexandria
290:Royal Navy
240:Royal Navy
115:Royal Navy
99:Allegiance
65:1758-04-23
51:Birth name
1093:Hall 1992
831:Louisiana
769:HMS
747:Admiralty
736:Baltimore
466:Belleisle
464:HMS
441:Venezuela
407:HMS
349:corvettes
342:HMS
335:HMS
325:HMS
318:HMS
308:HMS
252:HMS
1580:(1823).
1481:(1901).
1105:Lee 2014
807:Surprise
792:Surprise
704:dockyard
640:possibly
586:reliable
487:Trinidad
471:squadron
456:Napoleon
445:Trinidad
433:Barbados
403:flagship
131:Commands
109:Service/
94:, France
72:Scotland
1527:Britain
771:Tonnant
708:Bermuda
530:Please
452:Denmark
426:guineas
327:Cynthia
225:Admiral
1545:
1512:
1491:
1184:
1036:
961:Legacy
905:, and
893:Family
422:London
330:, the
234:(born
213:Awards
111:branch
829:, in
722:that
92:Paris
1736:1806
1732:1801
1543:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1417:2015
1367:2021
1305:2021
1297:Time
1278:2021
1253:2021
1182:ISBN
1068:2021
1032:2015
952:The
848:The
397:. A
340:and
310:Ajax
283:peer
257:off
254:Ajax
121:Rank
82:Died
59:Born
1360:NPS
1310:it.
1021:doi
802:.
706:in
485:in
431:In
420:of
265:.
232:GCB
32:Sir
1870::
1660:,
1648:,
1636:,
1624:,
1586:.
1566:.
1462:,
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1358:.
1307:.
1294:.
1269:.
1243:.
1208:^
1124:^
1059:.
1048:^
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982:^
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683:]
489:.
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296:.
230:,
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1734:–
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67:)
63:(
23:.
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