277:), concealed her three brothers (Tisiphonus, Lycophron and Peitholaus) in the house during the day, had the dog removed when Alexander had gone to rest, and, having covered the steps of the ladder with wool, brought up the young men to her husband's chamber. Though she had taken away Alexander's sword, they feared to set about the deed until she threatened to wake him. Her brothers then entered and killed Alexander. His body was cast into the streets, and exposed to every indignity.
778:
157:
to the aid of
Thessaly. On arrival of Pelopidas at Larissa, whence according to Diodorus, he dislodged the Macedonian garrison, Alexander presented himself and offered submission. When Pelopidas expressed indignation at the tales of Alexander's profligacy and cruelty, Alexander took alarm and fled.
321:
that
Alexander left a tragedy in a theatre because he did not wish to weep at fiction when unmoved by his own cruelty. This suggests that while Alexander was a tyrant, perhaps his iron heart could be softened. The actor was threatened with punishment because Alexander was so moved while watching.
272:
gives a detailed account of it, with a lively picture of the palace. Guards watched throughout the night, except at
Alexander's bedchamber, which was at the top of a ladder with a ferocious chained dog guarding the door. Thebe, Alexander's wife and cousin (or half-sister, as the daughter of
217:, the Thebans defeated Alexander, but Pelopidas was killed. This was closely followed by another Theban victory under Malcites and Diogiton. Alexander was then forced to restore the conquered towns to the Thessalians, confine himself to Pherae, join the
284:
states it to have been fear of her husband, together with hatred of
Alexander's cruel and brutal character, and ascribes these feelings principally to the representations of Pelopidas, when she visited him in his prison. In
177:
hardly supports such an inference. The
Thebans sent a large army into Thessaly to rescue Pelopidas, but they could not keep the field against the superior cavalry of Alexander, who, aided by auxiliaries from
201:, in a three-year truce and the release of prisoners, including Pelopidas. During the next three years, Alexander seemed to renew his attempts to subdue the states of Thessaly, especially
149:, which had also come over to him. But once the bulk of the Macedonian army had retired, the states of Thessaly feared the return and vengeance of Alexander, and so sent for aid to
62:
ruled for a year, but he was then poisoned by
Alexander who assumed power himself. Alexander governed tyrannically and was constantly seeking to control Thessaly and the kingdom of
792:
349:
209:, for upon the expiry of the truce, in 364 BC, they again applied to Thebes for protection from him. The Theban army under Pelopidas is said to have been dismayed by an
248:." The Athenian admiral Leosthenes defeated Alexander and managed to relieve Peparethus, but Alexander escaped from being blockaded in Panormus, took several Attic
340:
213:
on 13 July 364 BC, and
Pelopidas, leaving the bulk of his army behind, entered Thessaly at the head of three hundred volunteer horsemen and some mercenaries. At
768:
228:
in 362 freed Athens from fear of Thebes, it appears at the same time to have exposed it to further aggression from
Alexander, who made a piratical raid on
78:
and
Peitholaus, the brothers of his wife, Thebe, as it was said that she lived in fear of her husband and hated Alexander's cruel and brutal character.
825:
810:
106:
relates that
Alexander worshipped the spear he slew his uncle with as if it were a god. Alexander governed tyrannically, and according to
182:, pursued them with great slaughter. The destruction of the whole Theban army is said to only have been averted by the ability of
214:
102:, Polydorus was murdered by his brother Polyphron, who was, in turn, murdered by his nephew Alexander —son of Jason, in 369 BC.
153:, whose policy it was to put a check on any neighbour who might otherwise become too formidable. Thebes accordingly dispatched
815:
169:, he went merely as a negotiator, without any military force, and was seized by Alexander and thrown into prison. The scholar
787:
344:
293:
and tied him up. Exasperated by his wife's pleas to release the youth, he murdered the boy, which drove her to revenge.
63:
161:
These events appear to refer to the early part of 368 BC. In the summer of that year Pelopidas was again sent into
835:
289:
the deed is ascribed to jealousy. Other accounts have it that Alexander had taken Thebe's youngest brother as his
820:
354:
110:, differently from the former rulers, but Polyphron, at least, seems to have set him the example. The states of
202:
830:
762:
127:
565:
410:
75:
23:
71:
95:
59:
98:
ruled for a year, but he was then poisoned by Alexander, another brother. However, according to
316:
312:
241:
652:
636:
596:
584:
509:
459:
430:
374:
265:
107:
87:
118:, were not so willing to submit to Alexander the tyrant, (especially the old family of the
549:
274:
237:
218:
170:
150:
115:
91:
51:
734:
Augustine, trans. Henry Chadwick. Confessions. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991. Page 15. Print.
722:
804:
782:
757:
705:
55:
761:
687:
620:
533:
225:
194:
183:
174:
669:
608:
396:
206:
154:
86:
The accounts of how Alexander came to power vary somewhat in minor points.
35:
305:'s Second Oration On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great (see
236:, plundering them, and making slaves of the inhabitants. He also besieged
173:
suggested that Pelopidas was taken prisoner in battle, but the language of
126:, who had most reason to fear him). Therefore, they applied for help from
664:
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233:
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119:
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103:
99:
43:
781: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
165:, in consequence of fresh complaints against Alexander. Accompanied by
772:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 552.
307:
253:
249:
245:
210:
146:
145:
whilst the Macedonian King placed a garrison in Larissa, as well as in
138:
134:
123:
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700:
682:
286:
179:
142:
67:
39:
31:
240:, and "even landed troops in Attica itself, and seized the port of
229:
280:
Of Thebe's motive for the murder different accounts are given.
189:
In 367 BC, Alexander carried out a massacre of the citizens of
186:, who was serving in the campaign, but not as general.
793:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
350:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
141:, was admitted into the city. Alexander withdrew to
114:, which had previously acknowledged the authority of
90:tells us that upon the assassination of the tyrant
193:. A fresh Theban expedition into Thessaly, under
137:, but the king anticipated him, and, reaching
8:
221:, and become a dependent ally of Thebes.
133:Alexander prepared to meet his enemy in
66:. He also engaged in piratical raids on
50:356 BC. Following the assassination of
331:
264:The murder of Alexander is assigned by
580:
578:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
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468:
423:
421:
419:
16:4th-century BC Greek ruler of Thessaly
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7:
387:
385:
383:
370:
368:
366:
364:
58:of Thessaly, in 370 BC, his brother
14:
776:
743:Aelianus Varia Historia xiv. 40.
409:This date is at variance with
1:
70:. Alexander was murdered by
47:
826:Ancient Greek murder victims
811:4th-century BC Greek people
790:, ed. (1870). "Alexander".
725:i. 25; the dream of Eudemus
54:, the tyrant of Pherae and
852:
27:
355:Little, Brown and Company
94:, in 370 BC, his brother
232:and other cities of the
769:Encyclopædia Britannica
353:. Vol. 1. Boston:
244:, a little eastward of
197:resulted, according to
128:Alexander II of Macedon
816:Ancient Greek monarchs
339:Elder, Edward (1867).
570:Description of Greece
341:"Alexander of Pherae"
46:, ruling from 369 to
538:Against Aristocrates
252:, and plundered the
357:. pp. 124–125.
836:People from Feres
763:"Alexander"
641:History of Greece
554:History of Greece
313:Claudius Aelianus
301:It is written in
843:
821:Thessalian kings
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268:to 357/356 BC.
224:If the death of
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219:Boeotian League
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116:Jason of Pherae
92:Jason of Pherae
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17:
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11:
5:
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831:350s BC deaths
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823:
818:
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796:. p. 124.
788:Smith, William
774:
760:, ed. (1911).
758:Chisholm, Hugh
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643:vol. v. p. 209
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495:p. 291-297, d.
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318:Varia Historia
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24:Ancient Greek
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688:De Officiis
673:vi. 4. ~ 37
621:Demosthenes
534:Demosthenes
512:, xv. 71-75
427:Wesseling,
400:vi. 4. ~ 34
377:, xv. 60-61
226:Epaminondas
195:Epaminondas
184:Epaminondas
175:Demosthenes
805:Categories
625:c. Polycl.
326:References
311:), and in
238:Peparethus
72:Tisiphonus
28:Ἀλέξανδρος
670:Hellenica
655:, xvi. 14
609:Polyaenus
566:Pausanias
524:, viii. 1
411:Pausanias
397:Hellenica
207:Phthiotis
155:Pelopidas
135:Macedonia
96:Polydorus
76:Lycophron
64:Macedonia
60:Polyphron
20:Alexander
665:Xenophon
599:, xv. 95
587:, xv. 80
522:Polybius
489:Plutarch
462:, xv. 67
444:Plutarch
392:Xenophon
303:Plutarch
291:eromenos
282:Plutarch
270:Plutarch
266:Diodorus
250:triremes
242:Panormus
234:Cyclades
203:Magnesia
199:Plutarch
191:Scotussa
167:Ismenias
163:Thessaly
120:Aleuadae
112:Thessaly
108:Diodorus
104:Plutarch
100:Xenophon
44:Thessaly
785::
723:de Div.
611:, vi. 2
413:(vi. 5)
347:(ed.).
308:Moralia
254:Piraeus
246:Sounion
211:eclipse
147:Crannon
139:Larissa
124:Larissa
720:Cicero
709:ii. 49
701:Cicero
683:Cicero
540:p. 660
493:Pelop.
448:Pelop.
434:xv. 75
287:Cicero
180:Athens
151:Thebes
143:Pherae
68:Attica
40:Pherae
36:Despot
32:Tyrant
30:) was
572:vi. 5
343:. In
297:Other
260:Death
230:Tinos
82:Reign
56:Tagus
52:Jason
691:2.25
205:and
429:On
122:of
42:in
38:of
34:or
807::
766:.
703:,
685:,
667:,
639:,
623:,
577:^
568:,
552:,
536:,
500:^
491:,
467:^
446:,
418:^
394:,
382:^
363:^
315:'
256:.
130:.
74:,
48:c.
26::
22:(
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