615:
160:
320:
1183:
50:
310:
2301:
630:
of
Dessalines on 17 October 1806, Pétion championed the ideals of democracy and clashed with Henri Christophe who wanted absolute rule. Christophe was elected president, but he did not believe the position had sufficient power, as Pétion kept powers for himself. Christophe went to the north with his
667:
Believing in the importance of education, Pétion started the Lycée Pétion in Port-au-Prince. Petion's virtues and ideals of freedom and democracy for the world (and especially slaves) were strong, and he often showed support for the oppressed. He gave sanctuary to the independence leader
664:("good-hearted father"). The land seizures and changes in agriculture reduced the production of commodities for the export economy. Most of the population became full subsistence farmers, and exports and state revenue declined sharply, making survival difficult for the new state.
475:, the free people of color constituted a third caste between the whites and enslaved Africans. While restricted in political rights, many received social capital from their fathers and became educated and wealthy landowners, resented by the
582:
arrived with tens of warships and 32,000 French troops to bring Saint-Domingue under more control. Gens de couleur Petion, Boyer, and Rigaud returned with him in the hope of securing power in the colony.
747:
2175:
876:
Fenton, Louise, Pétion, Alexander Sabès (1770-1818) in
Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of slave resistance and rebellion. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. p374-375
598:
on
October 17, 1803. Dessalines proclaimed independence on 1 January 1804, naming the nation Haiti. On 6 October 1804, Dessalines declared himself ruler for life and was crowned
642:. After the inconclusive struggle dragged on until 1810, a peace treaty was agreed to, and the country was split in two. In 1811, Christophe made himself king of the northern
586:
Following the French deportation of
Toussaint Louverture and the renewed struggle, Pétion joined the nationalist force in October 1802. This followed a secret conference at
672:
in 1815 and provided him with material and infantry support. This vital aid played a defining role in
Bolivar's success in liberating the countries of what would make up
1100:
575:; the defence was commanded by Pétion. The town fell in March 1800 and the rebellion was effectively over. Pétion and other mulatto leaders went into exile in France.
519:, instructed Sir Adam Williamson, the lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, to sign an agreement with representatives of the French colonists that promised to restore the
2205:
411:. Regarded as an excellent artilleryman in his early adulthood, Pétion would distinguish himself as an esteemed military commander with experience leading both
614:
2180:
1660:
635:. The loyalties of the country divided between them, and the tensions between the blacks and mulattoes of the North and South, respectively, were reignited.
2340:
912:
754:
660:
Pétion seized commercial plantations from the rich gentry. He had the land redistributed to his supporters and the peasantry, earning him the nickname
2390:
2345:
2276:
2365:
2255:
1093:
2185:
2165:
579:
416:
159:
2014:
67:
31:
1182:
2385:
2370:
1941:
571:", in the South of Saint-Domingue, which began in June 1799. By November, the rebels were pushed back to the strategic southern port of
508:
2170:
2009:
639:
396:
270:
2335:
1604:
1369:
964:
937:
723:
399:
from 1807 until his death in 1818. One of Haiti's founding fathers, Pétion belonged to the revolutionary quartet that also includes
133:
114:
2160:
2044:
1584:
487:
led a rebellion to gain the voting and political rights which they believed were due them as French citizens; this was before the
86:
2355:
1889:
1744:
1653:
1086:
1026:
997:
38:
419:
would prove to be a watershed moment in the decade-long conflict, eventually culminating in the decisive
Haitian victory at the
2286:
2195:
1342:
1281:
1256:
1231:
1109:
555:
When tensions arose between full blacks and mulattoes, Pétion frequently supported the mulatto faction. He allied with
General
1904:
1909:
1754:
1739:
93:
71:
1348:
2395:
2230:
1784:
1438:
1261:
2380:
2375:
2039:
1724:
1296:
2104:
1819:
1759:
1152:
100:
1931:
1646:
1408:
1331:
1774:
2200:
1914:
1809:
1216:
1206:
687:
as his successor as president of the
Republic of Haiti; he took control in 1818 following the death of Pétion from
512:
82:
60:
2360:
2350:
2119:
1884:
677:
599:
412:
335:
288:
1899:
1869:
1859:
1844:
1829:
1824:
1794:
1734:
516:
504:
1849:
1854:
1789:
753:. The Flag Heritage Foundation Monograph And Translation Series Publication No. 3. p. 13. Archived from
2281:
2124:
1984:
1127:
1046:
603:
591:
404:
201:
1834:
1924:
1919:
1839:
1799:
1729:
1683:
1533:
1523:
1498:
1493:
1192:
1167:
472:
420:
1749:
913:"Constitution of Haiti from 27 December 1806, and its revision from 2 June 1816, year 13 of independence"
523:, slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists, a move that drew criticism from abolitionists
1946:
1769:
1554:
1336:
552:), racial tensions in Saint-Domingue were exacerbated in competition for power and political alliances.
1894:
1814:
1804:
1779:
1698:
1276:
2330:
2325:
2190:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2089:
2019:
1969:
1874:
1864:
1448:
1443:
692:
564:
536:
488:
400:
339:
2094:
1518:
1393:
1358:
1306:
1301:
654:
524:
107:
2024:
824:"Johnson's (revised) Universal Cyclopaedia: A Scientific and Popular Treasury of Useful Knowledge"
669:
491:. At that time, most free people of color did not support freedom or political rights for slaves.
2250:
2069:
1936:
1764:
1669:
1538:
1286:
1162:
1118:
1060:
650:
500:
415:
and
Haitian troops. The 1802 coalition formed by him and Dessalines against French forces led by
367:
178:
2074:
1999:
649:
On 2 June 1816, Pétion modified the terms of the presidency in the constitution, making himself
461:
2099:
2084:
2079:
2029:
2004:
1989:
1693:
1568:
1543:
1528:
1508:
1488:
1433:
1378:
1271:
1246:
1172:
1157:
1147:
1070:
960:
933:
846:
823:
800:
719:
684:
560:
480:
214:
927:
713:
2054:
1688:
1573:
1459:
1132:
1030:
643:
623:
548:
by ten to one. During the years of warfare against French planters (commonly referred to as
408:
2114:
1974:
1563:
1326:
1316:
1226:
1211:
528:
451:
391:
357:
1994:
1503:
1428:
1418:
653:. Initially a supporter of democracy, Pétion found the constraints imposed on him by the
556:
2059:
2034:
1719:
1703:
1473:
1413:
1383:
1266:
1251:
1241:
1201:
1137:
632:
595:
468:
432:
266:
250:
246:
1001:
2319:
2260:
1979:
1879:
1593:
1483:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1311:
673:
627:
568:
520:
436:
956:
Beyond the slave narrative: politics, sex, and manuscripts in the
Haitian revolution
2305:
1478:
1468:
1321:
688:
541:
981:
954:
622:
Disaffected members of Emperor Dessalines's administration, including Pétion and
544:
in Saint-Domingue, where the enslaved black population outnumbered the white and
2214:
2210:
1598:
1353:
900:
Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793–1798
801:"The New American Encyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge XIII"
49:
17:
715:
Our Man in Haiti: George de Mohrenschildt and the CIA in the Nightmare Republic
1513:
164:
980:
Marion, Alexandre Pétion; Ignace Despontreaux Marion; Simón Bolívar (1849).
676:. Petion was reported to be influenced by his (and his successor's) lover,
1078:
2155:
587:
445:
2109:
440:
27:
Haitian revolutionary; 1st President of the Republic of Haiti (1807–18)
785:
Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them
594:, the general who had captured Jacmel. The rebels took the capital of
2064:
1638:
572:
499:
Pétion returned to Saint-Domingue as a young man to take part in the
457:
613:
456:(free people of color) with wealthy fathers, Pétion was sent to
1642:
1082:
395:; 2 April 1770 – 29 March 1818) was the first president of the
43:
626:, began a conspiracy to overthrow Dessalines. Following the
534:
There had long been racial and class tensions between the
695:
died in 1820, Boyer reunited the nation under his rule.
30:"Pétion" redirects here. For the French politician, see
986:(in French). Port-au-Prince: De l'imp. de Jh. Courtois.
2176:
Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau
959:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 185.
631:
followers and established an autocracy, declaring the
691:. After Henri Christophe of the Kingdom of Haiti and
638:
Pétion was elected President in 1807 of the southern
998:"Femmes d'Haïti - Marie-Madeleine (Joute) Lachenais"
2269:
2243:
2223:
2148:
1962:
1955:
1712:
1676:
1582:
1552:
1457:
1367:
1190:
1116:
363:
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329:
303:
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229:
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208:
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176:
150:
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
845:Battier, Alcibiade Fleury; Rafina, Gesner (1881).
479:, who were mostly minor tradesmen. Following the
799:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1872).
657:onerous and suspended the legislature in 1818.
1654:
1094:
748:"History of The Haitian Flag of Independence"
8:
932:. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 25.
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
1959:
1661:
1647:
1639:
1101:
1087:
1079:
1035:
431:Pétion was born "Anne Alexandre Sabès" in
158:
147:
2181:Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande
449:(a quarter African ancestry). Like other
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
2277:United States and the Haitian Revolution
2206:Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville
915:. Saint Marc. 1820. p. Article 142.
460:in 1788 to be educated and study at the
929:The Making and the Destruction of Haiti
788:. Edison: CastleBooks. pp. 72, 85.
777:
775:
704:
503:, participating in skirmishes with the
680:, who acted as his political adviser.
567:in a failed rebellion, the so-called "
471:, as in other French colonies such as
390:
191:9 March 1807 – 29 March 1818
7:
2166:Thomas-Antoine de Mauduit du Plessis
826:. A.J. Johnson & Co. p. 221
72:adding citations to reliable sources
1942:Haitian Declaration of Independence
509:Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville
2341:Infectious disease deaths in Haiti
2256:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
2010:Suzanne Simone Baptiste Louverture
902:(New York: Clarendon Press, 1982).
37:For the Haitian Navy gunboat, see
25:
1605:Transitional Presidential Council
746:Fombrun, Odette Roy, ed. (2009).
2391:19th-century Haitian politicians
2346:Haitian people of French descent
2299:
1181:
889:(London: Penguin, 1938), p. 109.
318:
308:
48:
2287:Women in the Haitian Revolution
2171:Honoré Joseph Antoine Ganteaume
1222:Council of Secretaries of State
59:needs additional citations for
2366:Haitian independence activists
2015:Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
712:Mellen, Joan (November 2012).
392:[alɛksɑ̃dʁsabɛspetjɔ̃]
1:
39:Haitian ship Alexandre Pétion
2196:Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron
1424:Executive Government Council
167:portrait of Alexandre Pétion
2161:Gabriel, comte d'Hédouville
1932:Armistice of March 30, 1798
1292:Commission for Public Order
847:"Sous les Bambous: Poésies"
435:to Pascal Sabès, a wealthy
32:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
2412:
2386:People from Port-au-Prince
2371:People from Saint-Domingue
1915:Blockade of Saint-Domingue
578:In February 1802, General
513:Secretary of State for War
439:father and Ursula, a free
36:
29:
2295:
2261:Denmark Vesey's rebellion
2040:Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière
1885:Saint-Domingue expedition
1614:
1179:
1067:
1058:
1043:
1038:
678:Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
590:, where Pétion supported
507:force in Northern Haiti.
377:
373:
336:French Revolutionary Army
298:
294:
289:Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
220:
184:
172:
157:
2336:Deaths from yellow fever
2045:Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
953:Jenson, Deborah (2012).
849:(in French). p. 209
718:. Trine Day. p. 7.
517:William Pitt the Younger
443:woman, which made him a
2356:Haitian revolutionaries
2282:Haiti Independence Debt
2231:Joaquín García y Moreno
2201:Louis Jean Nicolas Abbé
1985:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1343:Revolutionary Committee
1110:Heads of state of Haiti
926:Senauth, Frank (2011).
592:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
405:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
202:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
2125:Jean-Pierre Louverture
2120:Jean-François Papillon
2105:Charles Rivière-Hérard
1684:Devastations of Osorio
1237:Public Order Committee
619:
540:and enslaved and free
407:, and his later rival
384:Alexandre Sabès Pétion
1947:1804 Haitian massacre
983:Expédition de Bolivar
782:Perry, James (2005).
683:Pétion named General
617:
388:French pronunciation:
346:Years of service
204:(as Emperor of Haiti)
2396:Free people of color
2191:Jean Augustin Ernouf
2090:Jean-Baptiste Belley
2020:Henriette Saint Marc
1970:Toussaint Louverture
1449:Jean-Claude Duvalier
1128:Dessalines/Jacques I
1004:on 24 September 2015
565:Toussaint Louverture
489:1791 slave rebellion
401:Toussaint Louverture
234:Anne Alexandre Sabès
68:improve this article
2381:Presidents for life
2376:Presidents of Haiti
1890:Ravine-à-Couleuvres
1173:Soulouque/Faustin I
822:Press, ed. (1886).
525:William Wilberforce
421:Battle of Vertières
2251:Louisiana Purchase
2070:Jean-Louis Pierrot
1937:Law of 20 May 1802
1920:Môle-Saint-Nicolas
1910:2nd Port-au-Prince
1740:1st Port-au-Prince
1725:Croix-des-Bouquets
1713:Battles and events
1699:François Mackandal
1670:Haitian Revolution
1133:Christophe/Henry I
1061:President of Haiti
1039:Political offices
651:president for life
620:
515:to prime minister
501:Haitian Revolution
495:Haitian Revolution
368:Haitian Revolution
179:President of Haiti
83:"Alexandre Pétion"
2313:
2312:
2239:
2238:
2100:Magloire Ambroise
2085:Philippe Guerrier
2080:Faustin Soulouque
1990:Jean-Pierre Boyer
1963:Rebels and allies
1694:French Revolution
1636:
1635:
1444:François Duvalier
1077:
1076:
1071:Jean-Pierre Boyer
1068:Succeeded by
1056:
640:Republic of Haiti
561:Jean-Pierre Boyer
481:French Revolution
397:Republic of Haiti
381:
380:
215:Jean-Pierre Boyer
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
2403:
2361:Haitian generals
2351:Mulatto Haitians
2306:Haiti portal
2304:
2303:
2302:
2095:Étienne Polverel
2055:Henri Christophe
2050:Alexandre Pétion
1960:
1785:Port-Républicain
1689:Slavery in Haiti
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1628:
1620:
1494:Pascal-Trouillot
1185:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1050:
1044:Preceded by
1036:
1031:Internet Archive
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1000:. Archived from
994:
988:
987:
977:
971:
970:
950:
944:
943:
923:
917:
916:
909:
903:
896:
890:
883:
877:
874:
859:
858:
856:
854:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
796:
790:
789:
779:
770:
769:
767:
765:
759:
752:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
709:
644:Kingdom of Haiti
624:Henri Christophe
618:Alexandre Pétion
600:Emperor of Haiti
462:Military Academy
409:Henri Christophe
394:
389:
331:
324:
322:
321:
314:
312:
311:
263:
243:
241:
225:Personal details
211:
198:
189:
162:
152:Alexandre Pétion
148:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
18:Alexandre Petion
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2300:
2298:
2291:
2265:
2235:
2219:
2186:Charles Leclerc
2144:
2135:Gaou Louverture
2130:Paul Louverture
2115:Victoria Montou
2075:François Capois
1975:Georges Biassou
1951:
1905:Crête-à-Pierrot
1708:
1672:
1667:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1578:
1548:
1453:
1363:
1186:
1177:
1112:
1107:
1073:
1064:
1049:
1027:Works by Pétion
1023:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
979:
978:
974:
967:
952:
951:
947:
940:
925:
924:
920:
911:
910:
906:
897:
893:
884:
880:
875:
862:
852:
850:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
798:
797:
793:
781:
780:
773:
763:
761:
760:on 4 March 2016
757:
750:
745:
744:
740:
730:
728:
726:
711:
710:
706:
701:
612:
610:Post-revolution
580:Charles Leclerc
546:gens de couleur
537:gens de couleur
529:Thomas Clarkson
497:
485:gens de couleur
452:gens de couleur
429:
417:Charles Leclerc
387:
338:
319:
317:
316:
309:
307:
299:Military career
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11:
5:
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2279:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
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2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2244:Related events
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
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2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2203:
2198:
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2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2140:Armée Indigène
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Julien Raimond
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Catherine Flon
2032:
2030:Charles Bélair
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2005:Cécile Fatiman
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1850:Petite-Rivière
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Grande-Rivière
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
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1630:
1624:
1615:
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1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1587:(2021–present)
1580:
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1549:
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1334:
1329:
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1319:
1314:
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57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
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2049:
2000:Dédée Bazile
1995:André Rigaud
1795:2nd Tannerie
1780:Les Gonaïves
1755:Fort-Dauphin
1745:Cap-Français
1735:1st Tannerie
1621:
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1423:
1409:Pierre-Louis
1349:Dartiguenave
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1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
992:
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853:15 September
851:. Retrieved
840:
830:15 September
828:. Retrieved
817:
807:15 September
805:. Retrieved
794:
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762:. Retrieved
755:the original
741:
729:. Retrieved
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689:yellow fever
682:
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557:André Rigaud
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364:Battles/wars
262:(1818-03-29)
244:2 April 1770
210:Succeeded by
186:
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78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
2331:1818 deaths
2326:1770 births
2211:French Army
1835:Las Cahobas
1820:3rd Tiburon
1775:2nd Tiburon
1770:La Bombarde
1760:1st Tiburon
1720:Bois Caïman
1704:Vincent Ogé
1629:Provisional
1557:(2011–2021)
1462:(1986–2011)
1372:(1930–1986)
1195:(1859–1930)
1121:(1804–1859)
764:24 December
731:14 December
277:Nationality
197:Preceded by
2320:Categories
1865:Jean-Rabel
1855:2nd Dondon
1840:Mirebalais
1800:Saint-Marc
1790:1st Dondon
1730:Morne Pelé
1677:Background
1555:earthquake
1519:Jonassaint
1370:Occupation
1065:1807–1818
1053:as Emperor
699:References
464:in Paris.
427:Early life
304:Allegiance
240:1770-04-02
165:Lithograph
124:April 2017
94:newspapers
1925:Vertières
1900:Plaisance
1870:2nd Irois
1860:1st Irois
1750:Marmelade
1539:Alexandre
1277:Simon Sam
1272:Hyppolite
1247:Hyppolite
1047:Jacques I
604:Jacques I
473:Louisiane
423:in 1803.
349:1791–1803
187:In office
2270:See also
2156:Napoleon
1622:De facto
1564:Martelly
1534:Aristide
1524:Aristide
1499:Aristide
1460:Duvalier
1404:Magloire
1332:Théodore
1327:Polynice
1317:Polynice
1262:Légitime
1227:Domingue
1202:Geffrard
1193:Imperial
1158:Guerrier
1138:Blanchet
1008:5 August
588:Arcahaie
563:against
446:quadroon
330:Service/
2110:Jeannot
1895:Kellola
1815:Trutier
1805:Léogane
1627:‡
1569:Privert
1509:Nérette
1489:Abraham
1474:Manigat
1439:Kébreau
1434:Fignolé
1429:Cantave
1419:Cantave
1414:Sylvain
1379:Vincent
1307:Auguste
1302:Leconte
1252:Salomon
1242:Lamothe
1212:Salnave
1163:Pierrot
1029:at the
693:his son
505:British
441:mulatto
358:General
280:Haitian
108:scholar
2149:French
2065:Macaya
1956:People
1875:Jacmel
1594:Joseph
1544:Préval
1529:Préval
1504:Cédras
1479:Namphy
1469:Namphy
1399:Lavaud
1394:Estimé
1389:Lavaud
1384:Lescot
1312:Oreste
1287:Alexis
1143:Pétion
963:
936:
722:
655:senate
573:Jacmel
542:blacks
483:, the
458:France
454:libres
437:French
413:French
332:branch
323:
315:France
313:
285:Spouse
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2224:Other
1599:Henry
1585:Moïse
1583:Post–
1574:Moïse
1553:Post–
1514:Bazin
1484:Avril
1458:Post–
1368:Post–
1354:Borno
1322:Zamor
1297:Simon
1267:Jeune
1217:Saget
1207:Saget
1191:Post–
1168:Riché
1148:Boyer
1117:Post–
758:(PDF)
751:(PDF)
685:Boyer
325:Haiti
271:Haiti
115:JSTOR
101:books
2215:Navy
2213:and
1765:Acul
1010:2012
961:ISBN
934:ISBN
855:2015
832:2015
809:2015
766:2015
733:2014
720:ISBN
559:and
527:and
354:Rank
257:Died
230:Born
177:1st
87:news
1359:Roy
602:as
467:In
70:by
2322::
863:^
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122:(
112:·
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