974:. In 1924, Gurdjieff appointed him to lead study groups in the United States, which he did for seven years. Soon after Gurdjieff arrived in New York from France on 13 November 1930, he deposed Orage and disbanded his study groups, believing that Orage had been teaching them incorrectly; they had been working under the misconception that self-observation could be practised in the absence of self-remembering or in the presence of negative emotions. Members were allowed to continue their studies with Gurdjieff himself, after taking an oath not to communicate with Orage. Upon hearing that Orage had also signed the oath, Gurdjieff wept. Gurdjieff had once considered Orage as a friend and brother, and thought of Jessie as a bad choice for a mate. Orage was a chain smoker and Jessie was a heavy drinker. In the privately published third series of his writings, Gurdjieff wrote of Orage and his wife Jessie: "his romance had ended in his marrying the saleswoman of 'Sunwise Turn,' a young American pampered out of all proportion to her position…"
478:, Huntingdonshire. A move to Dacre, where he "took up schoolmastering", had failed to improve his fortunes. Alfred had one sister. He was generally known as Dickie and he eventually dropped the name James and adopted the middle name Alfred as his first name, and Richard as his second. His father died when he was one year old and his mother, who had little financial means (particularly owing to the collapse of the firm of lawyers responsible for the annuity of £50 William had left the family), returned to the Orage family's home village of Fenstanton. They were "decently, grindingly poor"; Sarah took in laundry to make ends meet and Alfred had to work as a farm labourer from the age of ten. Fortunately, Howard Coote, son of the local squire, went to see his father and the local schoolmaster, all of them agreeing it "a thousand pities to try to make a ploughboy of Alfred". Accordingly, Coote paid Sarah a "peppercorn allowance" that kept Alfred at school. Alfred excelled in his studies, and was sent to
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1134:. He returned to New York on 8 January 1931 in an attempt to meet Gurdjieff's new demands, but he told his wife that he would not be teaching the Gurdjieff System to any group past the end of the spring. Orage was on the pier on 13 March 1931 to bid Gurdjieff farewell on his way back to France and the Orages sailed back to England on 3 July.
585:'s belief that women were behind the new force that would bring change to society. Alfred and Jean opened a theosophist branch in Leeds called the Alpha Centre, even though a regular lodge already existed in the city, and Jean represented it in Harrogate until 1900 when the Leeds lodge was re-founded by the Orages as well as Jean's cousin,
1178:
expounding the doctrine of social credit, he experienced excruciating pain, but he continued as if nothing was happening. After leaving the studio he spent the evening with his wife and friends and made plans to see the doctor next day, but he died in his sleep that night. Orage's former students of the
Gurdjieff System arranged for the
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Towards the end of his life, Orage was suffered from severe pain below the heart. This ailment had been diagnosed a couple of years before as simply functional and he did not again seek medical advice. While he was broadcasting a speech as part of the BBC series, "Poverty in Plenty", once again
829:. Orage's success as an editor was connected with his talent as a conversationalist and a "bringer together" of people. The modernists of London had been scattered between 1905 and 1910, but, largely thanks to Orage, a sense of a modernist "movement" was created from 1910 onwards.
524:, who was Orage's mentor for a time. Orage devoted seven years of study to Plato, from 1893 to 1900. He set up a philosophical discussion circle called the Plato Group, including the architect Thomas Butler Wilson who was a friend of Alfred's future wife, Jean.
252:
474:) who was "believed to have been of Irish descent". After marrying Sarah, "a fatherless girl, living with her mother", William Orage had "fecklessly drank" and gambled away his inheritance, a "little farm in Cambridgeshire" near his home village of
589:. Jean lectured at the Northern Federation Conference in 1904. Jean also helped Alfred with the council meetings of the Leeds lodge. Jean was an excellent needlewoman and sharp debater; she finally left Alfred to pursue her textile career in
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to believe that it was. On 15 July 1920, Orage wrote: "We should be the first to admit that the subject of Money is difficult to understand. It is 'intended' to be, by the minute oligarchy that governs the world by means of it."
1976:...Mr Orage ... realising the necessity and at the same time all the difficulties of getting means on the one hand for sending money to me, and on the other hand for meeting the excessive expenditures of his new family life...
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for the first time in 1914. Ouspensky's ideas had left a lasting impression and, when
Ouspensky moved to London in 1921, Orage began attending his lectures on "Fragments of an Unknown Teaching", the basis of his book
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before the end of the year and promising a substantial amount of money. At lunch in New York City on 21 February 1931, Achmed
Abdulla, a.k.a. Nadir Kahn, told the Orages that he had met Gurdjieff in
622:, which led Orage to study Nietzsche's work in depth. Orage devoted seven years of his life to the study of Nietzsche's philosophy, from 1900 to 1907, and, from 1907 to 1914, he was a student of the
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bookshop where Orage first lectured on the
Gurdjieff System. Orage and Jessie had two children, Richard and Ann. While they were in New York, Orage and his wife often catered to celebrities such as
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and, in 1907, he terminated his association with the
Theosophical Society. The two books on Nietzsche were the first systematic introductions to Nietzschean thought to be published in Britain.
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on 29 December 1930, and arrived on 8 January 1931. The next day, while they were staying at the Irving Hotel, Orage wrote a letter to
Gurdjieff unveiling a plan for the publication of
647:, and Nietzsche. During this period, Orage returned to socialist platforms, but by 1906, he was determined to combine Carpenter's socialism with Nietzsche's thought and theosophy.
891:: "The next world war, if unhappily there should be another, will in all probability be contained within the clauses and conditions attaching to the present peace settlement."
887:: "We believe that England is necessary to Socialism, as Socialism is necessary to the world." On 14 November 1918, Orage wrote of the coming peace settlement, embodied in the
760:, he distanced himself from their politics to some extent and sought to have the magazine represent a wide range of political views. He used the magazine to launch attacks on
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became more prominent and more militant. Pro-suffragette articles were not published after 1910, but heated debate on the subject took place in the correspondence columns.
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Orage, Ouspensky, and King emphasised certain aspects of the
Gurdjieff System while ignoring others. According to Gurdjieff, Orage emphasised self-observation. In
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should pursue an increasingly aggressive policy on wage deals and working conditions. He approved of the increasing militancy of the unions in the era before the
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on this subject moved him to explore ideas of the afterlife. He returned to the idea that there are absolute truths and concluded that they are embodied in the
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780:, the political philosophy Orage began to argue for from about 1910, though the specific term "guild socialism" seems not to have been mentioned in print until
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leading to a revolutionary situation. However, for Orage, economic power precedes political power, and political reform is useless without economic reform.
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in 1907, in partnership with
Holbrook Jackson and with the support of Shaw. Orage transformed the magazine to fit with his conception of a forum for
1152:", appeared in its issue dated 18 May 1933, but by then, the magazine was not selling well and Orage was experiencing financial difficulties.
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In 1927, Orage's first wife, Jean, granted him a divorce and in
September he married Jessie Richards Dwight (1901–1985), the co-owner of
1732:...the main problem of the mystics of all ages has been the problem of how to develop the superconsciousness, of how to become supermen.
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during the War and re-establish the gold standard after, the gold standard was not as necessary as the monetary oligarchs wanted the
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941:. From this time onwards Orage became less and less interested in literature and art, and instead focused most of his attention on
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amused herself at our expense". Orage appears to have had a magnetic effect on many women who frequented his lectures; both
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Lives and
Letters: A. R. Orage, Beatrice Hastings, Katherine Mansfield, John Middleton Murry, S. S. Koteliansky: 1906-1957
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Political and Economic Writings from 'The New English Weekly', 1932-34, with a Preliminary Section from 'The New Age' 1912
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before the First World War. While he was working as a schoolteacher in Leeds he pursued various interests, including
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776:, and tried to combine syndicalism with his ideal of a revived guild system. Combining these two ideas resulted in
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1174:. On 20 August, Orage wrote his last letter to Gurdjieff: "Dear Mr Gurdjieff, I've found very little to revise…"
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There has been a great fight here over the question of Orage. Now I understand Orage has returned to the fold.
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influential figure in socialist politics and modernist culture, now best known for editing the magazine
996:, fresh from his London tour. In 1930, Orage returned to England and, in 1931, he began publishing the
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Douglas's birth... and his meeting with Orage in 1918 remain the subject of mystery and speculation...
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and attempted to define a route to this higher state, insisting that it must involve a rejection of
658:. By 1907, she and Orage had developed an intimate relationship. As Hastings herself later put it, "
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On St Valentine's day ...bootleg whisky Gurdjieff had offered them in honor of the Saint of Love.
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730:, following Penty there. In London, Orage attempted to form a league for the restoration of the
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2213:"Orage and the History of the New Age Periodical," Brown University, Modernist Journals Project
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By then, Orage was convinced that the hardships of the working class were the result of the
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movement. On 2 January 1919, Orage published the first article by Douglas to appear in
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In September 1933, Jessie gave birth to their daughter, Ann. In January 1934, Senator
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by Gurdjieff to raise funds and lecture. He translated several of Gurdjieff's works.
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At the beginning of August 1934, Gurdjieff asked Orage to prepare a new edition of
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1702:...his little book introducing the philosophy of Nietzsche... appeared in 1906...
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During the First World War, Orage defended what he saw as the interests of the
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where he also taught himself editorial skills and obtained a teaching post in
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at an elementary school in Leeds and helped to found the Leeds branch of the
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in Britain. It was instrumental in pioneering the British avant-garde, from
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714:. Orage's rational critique of theosophy evoked an editorial rebuttal from
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to declare that he was in favour, not of an ordered socialism, but of an
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and seems to have shared Sorel's belief in the necessity of a union-led
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A. R. Orage- A Memoir, Philip Mairet, University Books Inc., 1966, p. 2
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with the intention of promoting the work of radical thinkers including
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1924:(2nd private ed.). New York: Triangle Editions, Inc. p. 67.
1768:...Orage did not lack activities to engage his intellectual interests.
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from Russian to English, but it was not published in their lifetimes.
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Jean Toomer...was encouraged by Orage to undertake groups of his own.
1958:(2nd Private ed.). New York: Triangle Editions Inc. p. 95.
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of banks and governments. If Britain could remove the pound from the
738:. The failure of this project spurred him to buy the weekly magazine
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2141:, pp. 118-120, University Books, 1966 ASIN: B000Q0VV8E; 1st ed. 1936
1388:. The British may prefer the former variant; Americans, the latter.
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Orage explored his new ideas in several books. He saw Nietzsche's
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506:(ILP). He wrote a weekly literary column for the ILP's paper, the
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The man who, as Bernard Shaw said, was the most brilliant editor…
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His family name was pronounced locally as if written "Orridge" (
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National Guilds: An Inquiry into the Wage System and the Way Out
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as a metaphor for the "higher state of consciousness" sought by
543:. The couple frequented the Northern Federation headquarters in
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In London, Orage became involved in politics again through the
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and that Gurdjieff had been known there as "Lama Dordjieff", a
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A. R. Orage's Commentaries on Gurdjieff's "All and Everything"
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By the late 1890s, Orage was disillusioned with conventional
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outlook to the paper, including in particular the thought of
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Gurdjieff and Mansfield, James Moore, Routledge, 1980, p. 79
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Gurdjieff and Mansfield, James Moore, Routledge, 1980, p. 79
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The Orages sailed back to New York from England on the S.S.
1000:. He remained in London until his death on 6 November 1934.
535:. In 1896, Orage married Jean Walker, an art student at the
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985:, used Gurdjieff's work to confront the problem of racism.
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have left accounts of their sexual relationships with him.
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The Political Economy of Social Credit and Guild Socialism
1362:). The man himself preferred a French-like pronunciation:
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movement, but he became increasingly hostile to it as the
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1237:
The 1931 Manuscript of Beelzebub's Tales to His Grandson
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system, in the spirit of the decentralised socialism of
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In 1906, Orage resigned his teaching post and moved to
1869:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24, 33, 45–47.
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by J. Walter Driscoll, Gurdjieff International Review
1239:(1931); translated and edited by Alfred Richard Orage
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Friedrich Nietzsche, the Dionysian spirit of the age
1783:
The Social and Political Thought of Bertrand Russell
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Friedrich Nietzsche: The Dionysian Spirit of the Age
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Friedrich Nietzsche: The Dionysian Spirit of the Age
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Between 1906 and 1907, Orage published three books:
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No better 'argumentative' English was ever written.
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Leeds: socialism, theosophy and the Leeds Arts Club
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150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1942:On the first evening of my arrival in New York...
958:In February 1922, Ouspensky introduced Orage to
1163:, proposing that it become one of the tools of
972:Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man
608:in a Leeds bookshop and lent him a copy of the
1643:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club 1893-1923
1625:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club 1893-1923
1572:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club 1893-1923
1554:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club 1893-1923
431:culture in Britain. After 1924, Orage went to
2239:A. R. Orage - Introduction & Bibliography
1605:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Art Club 1893-1923
1206:(1914) editor; a collection of articles from
8:
1890:Hutchinson, Frances; Burkitt, Brian (1997).
1159:presented Orage's Social Credit Plan to the
1137:In April 1932, Orage founded a new journal,
1067:introducing citations to additional sources
310:teacher, lecturer, writer, editor, publisher
1786:. Cambridge University Press. p. 104.
1744:Orage, A. R. (1975). Wallace Martin (ed.).
1023:. Orage also helped Gurdjieff to translate
772:leadership, while offering some support to
704:Consciousness: Animal, Human and Superhuman
631:In 1903, Orage, Jackson, and the architect
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2196:(1893–1923) (Scolar Press 1990) Tom Steele
1825:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1822:Modernist Writing and Reactionary Politics
1587:Alfred Orage and Leeds Arts Club 1893-1923
981:, Jean Toomer, one of Orage's students at
706:, based on his experience with theosophy;
423:and three years later they co-founded the
397:(22 January 1873 – 6 November 1934) was a
250:
239:
1472:Ezra Pound in London and Paris, 1908-1925
1306:Consciousness: Animal, Human and Superman
490:, returning to Yorkshire in autumn 1893.
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
92:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
2200:Gurdjieff and Orage: Brothers in Elysium
1720:. Oxford University Press. p. 257.
1294:The Active Mind: Adventures in Awareness
1272:, with the advice of Maurice Colbourne,
1243:On Love: Freely Adapted form the Tibetan
1057:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1996:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp.
1415:. Carcanet Press Limited. p. 163.
1401:
1329:
910:After the War, Orage was influenced by
1717:The Invention of Telepathy (1870–1901)
1686:. New Directions Publishing. pp.
575:as well as publishing material in the
467:parents William Orage and Sarah Anne (
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1444:. New Directions Publishing. p.
1253:Selected Essays and Critical Writings
468:
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2280:Independent Labour Party politicians
2194:Alfred Orage and the Leeds Arts Club
1547:
1545:
922:, "A Mechanical View of Economics".
691:. He moved through a celebration of
654:became a regular contributor to the
148:adding citations to reliable sources
2162:Nietzsche in Outline & Aphorism
1198:Nietzsche in Outline & Aphorism
593:and later working on the looms for
539:who was a passionate member of the
1627:. The Orage Press. pp. 36–37.
1607:. The Orage Press. pp. 33–34.
1589:. The Orage Press. pp. 46–47.
1412:Lit Ed: On Reviewing and Reviewers
1225:Psychological Exercises and Essays
1182:to be inscribed on his tombstone.
870:Women's Social and Political Union
756:. Although many contributors were
512:, from 1895 to 1897. He brought a
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1956:Life is Real Only Then, When I Am
1922:Life Is Real Only Then, When I Am
712:Nietzsche in Outline and Aphorism
36:This article has multiple issues.
2231:
1504:. University Books Inc. p.
1475:. Penn State Press. p. 83.
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1338:
1302:(1974), edited by Wallace Martin
1150:And Death Shall Have No Dominion
1050:relies largely or entirely on a
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879:. On 6 August 1914, he wrote in
809:, and its contributors included
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124:
90:add missing citation information
66:
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2173:Readers and Writers (1917–1921)
1645:. The Orage Press. p. 119.
1219:Readers and Writers (1917–1921)
451:James Alfred Orage was born in
373:
346:
135:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
1867:Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism
1851:Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism
1574:. The Orage Press. p. 35.
1556:. The Orage Press. p. 25.
914:and became a supporter of the
643:, whom Orage had met in 1898,
612:. In return, Jackson lent him
1:
2224:Works by Alfred Richard Orage
2110:Taylor, Paul Beekman (2001).
2082:Taylor, Paul Beekman (2001).
2050:Taylor, Paul Beekman (2001).
1837:Thus Orage remembered that...
2295:Students of George Gurdjieff
2114:. Weiser. pp. 179–194.
2032:. University Books. p.
1025:Meetings with Remarkable Men
2230:(public domain audiobooks)
938:In Search of the Miraculous
784:referred to it in his book
427:, which became a centre of
2311:
2202:(2001) Paul Beekman Taylor
1954:Gurdjieff, George (1978).
1920:Gurdjieff, George (1978).
1148:'s first published poem, "
945:. His correspondence with
581:. Orage was influenced by
531:and turned for a while to
439:and was then sent to the
1819:Ferrall, Charles (2001).
1807:Rooms in the Darwin Hotel
1780:Ironside, Philip (1996).
1714:Luckhurst, Roger (2002).
1172:The Herald of Coming Good
837:Orage declared himself a
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2285:British social crediters
2270:English male journalists
2219:Leeds University Library
2066:Dear and kind author of
1409:Curtis, Anthony (1998).
1213:An Alphabet of Economics
764:and argued the need for
555:and began to lecture on
504:Independent Labour Party
498:In 1894, Orage became a
461:West Riding of Yorkshire
447:Early life and education
413:Independent Labour Party
277:West Riding of Yorkshire
2086:. Weiser. p. 178.
2054:. Weiser. p. 173.
2024:Mairet, Philip (1966).
1678:Carswell, John (1978).
1496:Mairet, Philip (1966).
1469:Wilhelm, J. J. (2010).
1436:Carswell, John (1978).
1019:agent and tutor to the
860:In the early issues of
791:Between 1908 and 1914,
716:The Theosophical Review
16:British literary figure
2265:People from Nidderdale
2068:The Tales of Beelzebub
1752:. Routledge. pp.
1314:, edited by C. S. Nott
1132:social credit movement
1078:"Alfred Richard Orage"
864:, Orage supported the
762:parliamentary politics
619:Thus Spoke Zarathustra
547:where Orage first met
363:Jessie Richards Dwight
159:"Alfred Richard Orage"
2217:Archival Material at
2188:A. R. Orage: A Memoir
2139:A. R. Orage: A Memoir
1988:Woodson, Jon (1999).
2190:(1936) Philip Mairet
1865:Redman, Tim (1991).
1641:Steele, Tom (1990).
1623:Steele, Tom (1990).
1603:Steele, Tom (1990).
1585:Steele, Tom (1990).
1570:Steele, Tom (1990).
1552:Steele, Tom (1990).
1288:Essays and Aphorisms
1167:'s economic policy.
1161:United States Senate
1063:improve this article
889:Treaty of Versailles
635:helped to found the
541:Theosophical Society
537:Royal College of Art
520:and the theosophist
482:training college in
395:Alfred Richard Orage
349: 1896;
144:improve this article
77:needs more complete
2112:Gurdjieff and Orage
2084:Gurdjieff and Orage
2052:Gurdjieff and Orage
1664:30 May 2008 at the
1270:Montgomery Butchart
819:Katherine Mansfield
768:. He also attacked
641:George Bernard Shaw
614:Friedrich Nietzsche
578:Theosophical Review
2275:English socialists
1992:To Make a New Race
1268:(1936), edited by
1231:The Art of Reading
1157:Bronson M. Cutting
1141:New English Weekly
1009:All and Everything
998:New English Weekly
551:and other leading
419:. In 1900, he met
1682:Lives and Letters
1255:(1935) edited by
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983:Greenwich Village
896:monetary policies
881:Notes of the Week
687:and conventional
652:Beatrice Hastings
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786:Political Ideals
782:Bertrand Russell
722:Editor in London
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604:In 1900, he met
583:Edward Carpenter
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1079:
1075:
1074:Find sources:
1068:
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1060:
1054:
1053:
1052:single source
1048:This section
1046:
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966:and moved to
965:
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961:
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948:
947:Harry Houdini
944:
940:
939:
933:
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916:social credit
913:
912:C. H. Douglas
908:
905:
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900:gold standard
897:
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886:
882:
878:
877:working class
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843:Georges Sorel
841:and followed
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472: McQuire
471:
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685:civilisation
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668:Millie Price
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630:
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553:theosophists
549:Annie Besant
526:
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293:(1934-11-06)
224:
206:
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166:
154:
142:Please help
137:verification
134:
104:
95:
88:Please help
83:verification
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
2260:1934 deaths
2255:1873 births
2028:A. R. Orage
1658:The New Age
1500:A. R. Orage
1274:T. S. Eliot
1208:The New Age
964:The New Age
952:Mahabharata
920:The New Age
904:proletariat
885:The New Age
862:The New Age
794:The New Age
774:syndicalism
770:trade union
741:The New Age
625:Mahabharata
597:'s firm in
484:Oxfordshire
404:The New Age
336:Jean Walker
320:The New Age
2290:Fourth Way
2249:Categories
1809:pp. 98-127
1319:References
1284:and others
1282:Will Dyson
1119:March 2024
1089:newspapers
1031:Last years
1021:Dalai Lama
1005:Washington
823:Ezra Pound
811:T.E. Hulme
766:utopianism
752:, and the
750:literature
699:movement.
676:Übermensch
601:, London.
569:Manchester
476:Fenstanton
318:Editor of
265:1873-01-22
200:March 2024
170:newspapers
98:March 2024
41:improve it
1396:Citations
1180:enneagram
1165:Roosevelt
1059:talk page
943:mysticism
839:socialist
803:vorticism
660:Aphrodite
650:In 1906,
591:Haslemere
561:occultism
557:mysticism
545:Harrogate
533:theosophy
529:socialism
463:, son of
457:Harrogate
429:modernist
417:theosophy
301:, England
79:citations
47:talk page
2228:LibriVox
1964:75-15225
1930:75-15225
1662:Archived
833:Politics
788:(1917).
746:politics
697:anarchic
693:Dionysus
689:morality
565:idealism
385:Children
1972:7734372
1938:7734372
1103:scholar
1017:Tsarist
807:imagism
758:Fabians
681:mystics
656:New Age
459:in the
455:, near
399:British
378:
370:
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326:Spouses
281:England
184:scholar
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1308:(1978)
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1194:(1906)
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1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
979:Harlem
728:London
710:; and
563:, and
480:Culham
433:France
411:, the
299:London
186:
179:
172:
165:
157:
2000:–41.
1688:28–31
1668:p. 17
1324:Notes
1249:1932)
1186:Works
1110:JSTOR
1096:books
1013:Tibet
968:Paris
732:guild
573:Leeds
518:Plato
488:Leeds
453:Dacre
409:Plato
372:(
368:
345:(
341:
273:Dacre
191:JSTOR
177:books
2116:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1968:OCLC
1960:LCCN
1934:OCLC
1926:LCCN
1898:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1756:–7.
1722:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1259:and
1139:The
1082:news
825:and
754:arts
666:and
571:and
415:and
351:div.
288:Died
259:Born
163:news
81:for
2226:at
2070:...
2034:121
1065:by
883:in
805:to
616:'s
567:in
470:née
146:by
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2010:.
1998:38
1974:.
1966:.
1940:.
1932:.
1906:.
1835:.
1766:.
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1690:.
1633:^
1613:^
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1562:^
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1508:.
1506:63
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1446:16
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1369:oʊ
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