756:, which was a measurement of increasing anonymity of "my absent friend, his brother whom he has described to me, the professor whose books I have read, the postal clerk, the Canadian Parliament, abstract entities like Canada herself, the rules of English grammar, or the basic principles of jurisprudence." Schutz argued that the more one goes into the contemporary world, the more anonymous the contemporary inhabitants become, with the most anonymous being artifacts of any kind that hold meaning, context, and suggest there are unknown people.
637:. Second, phenomenology believes that analyzing the daily human behavior will provide one with a comprehensive understanding of nature. The third assumption is that persons, not individuals, should be explored and questioned. Sociologically speaking, this is in part because persons can be better understood by the unique ways they reflect and symbolize the society they live in. Fourth, phenomenologists prefer to gather
1931:
501:. Schutz argues that social science must be grounded in analysis of what Husserl referred to as 'the natural attitude', the assumptions that structure everyday perceptions and actions in the social world. Schutz retains Weber's conception of social science as properly committed to the principle of value neutrality, but also to value relevance, and that its investigations must rely on “
424:'s rise in Germany caused Schutz and other Viennese intellectuals to flee Austria and seek asylum in allied countries. Schutz and his family relocated to Paris in 1938 in political exile. He continued to work for Reitler and Company as an international lawyer. He moved to the United States in 1939, where he became a part-time faculty member of
1919:
532:," in which people create social reality under the constraints of preexisting social and cultural factors and structures. He was very focused on the "dialectical relationship between the way people construct social reality and the obdurate social and cultural reality that they inherit from those who preceded them in the social world."
551:." Whether the Schutz-Parsons correspondence can be characterized as “dialogue” rather than “debate” has been analyzed by Rehorick (1980). Further insights into the fundamental differences between Schutz and Parsons is provided by a critical examination of original correspondence that brought in a third scholarly voice—that of
1907:
665:
is characterized as particularly subjective in nature because its emphasis of understanding reality through the perspective of the acting subject rather than through the lens of the scientific observer. Rather than attempting to uncover and document the social structures which influence our social
679:
world in which people both create social reality and are constrained by the preexisting social and cultural structures created by their predecessors." Within this world, relationships between the social and natural world are what come into doubt. There is this existence of meaning that comes into
415:
Schutz married Ilse Heim in 1926. Partly because there were few academic posts available, he developed a well-established and prominent career in international banking, He became the chief financial officer for
Reitler and Company, the Vienna banking firm. His academic work was done in his spare
763:
f in a face-to-face relationship with a friend I discuss a magazine article dealing with the attitude of the
President and Congress toward China, I am in a relationship not only with the perhaps anonymous contemporary writer of the article but also with the contemporary individual or collective
653:
Social phenomenology is concerned with how people use ordinary, everyday interactions to produce a feeling of reality and intersubjectivity. Most of Schutz's work concerned the methods used for the construction of reality through everyday experiences. The social construction of reality and
509:, as a way beyond the limitations of ideal-type analysis. This publication brought him to the attention of Husserl, whom he visited frequently and corresponded with until Husserl's death in 1938. Even so, when Husserl asked Schutz to be his assistant, he was unable to accept the offer at
680:
play, yet most people simply accept the world how it is and never second guess the concept or problem of meaning. Schutz delves even more into specific relationships such as the difference between intimate face-to-face relationships and distant and impersonal relationships.
428:. There, he taught sociology and philosophy, as well as serving as chair of the Philosophy department. Schutz received a substantial amount of assistance from his wife, Ilse, who transcribed his working notes and letters from his taped dictations.
31:
1408:"The Viennese Connection: Alfred Schutz and the Austrian School"; [https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011199831428 "On Rationality, Ideal Types and Economics: Alfred Schütz and the Austrian School". The Review of Austrian Economics 14, 119–143 (2001)
744:
The last two represent the past and the future, whereas one's contemporaries share a community of time, if not space, and are different from the predecessors and successors because it is possible for them to become fellow-men or consociates.
631:, who Schutz studied and even met. There are many assumptions behind phenomenology that help explain its creation. First, it rejects the concept of objective research: phenomenologists would rather group presumptions through a process called
539:
everything; i.e., to categorize people and things to better understand them within the context of society. He believed that the various typifications we use inform how we understand and interact with people and objects in the social world.
666:
world Schutz and other sociological phenomenologists seek not only to identify the content of our consciousness related to our conception of the social reality of everyday life but also, how this reality comes to assume the form it is.
713:('environment'), the environment defined through the perception and action of agents. The latter refers to an environment of consociates, or fellow-men; of the man who "shares with me a community of space and a community of time."
400:, where he earned his law degree. He also enrolled at the Viennese Academy of International Trade from 1919 to 1920, specialising in international law. During his time at the University of Vienna, attending lectures given by
555:. This discussion shows that conceptual and theoretical differences between Schutz and Parsons stem from different “ways of knowing,” implying fundamentally different orientations toward social scientific thought.
645:, rather than traditional data. Finally, phenomenology is considered to be oriented on discovery, and therefore phenomenologists gather research using methods that are far less restricting than in other sciences.
1158:: Relevanz und Handeln 2.Gesellschaftliches Wissen und politisches Handeln. Werkausgabe Alfred Schütz, 6; Hrsg.: Andreas Göttlich, Gerald Sebald, Jan Weyand. UVK-Verlag: Konstanz, ISBN 9783896697424.
1775:
Nasu, Hisashi & Waksler, Frances C. (2012). (Eds.). Interaction in
Everyday Life: Phenomenology and Ethnomethodological Essays in Honor of George Psathas. Lanham, Maryland, Lexington Books.
1499:
Recasting the
Parsons-Schutz Dialogue: The Hidden Participation of Eric Voegelin in L. Embree (ed.) World Phenomenology: The Continuing Influence of Alfred Schutz on North American Human Science
603:
contribute to the social construction of reality. Berger and
Luckmann went on to use Schutz's work to further understand human culture and reality, through the development of a new form of the
1961:
696:') into four distinct sub-worlds is perhaps his most influential theoretical contribution. The theory of the lifeworld is that social experience creates a world that is separated between:
1785:
Rehorick, David & Bentz, Valerie M. (2017). (Eds.). Expressions of
Phenomenological Research: Consciousness and Lifeworld Studies. Santa Barbara CA, Fielding University Press.
759:
In his later writings, Schutz explored how everyday social experiences that pertain to these dimensions are most often intertwined in varying degrees of anonymity. For instance:
624:). It is also often said to be descriptive rather than explanatory: a central task of phenomenology is to provide a "clear, undistorted description of the ways things appear."
1981:
516:
Schutz's main area of concern was the ways in which people grasp the consciousness of others while living within their own streams of consciousness. He spoke much about
1152:
Zur
Methodologie der Sozialwissenschaften. Werkausgabe Alfred Schütz, 4: Hrsg.: Jochen Dreher, Thomas Eberle, Gerald Sebald. UVK-Verlag: Konstanz, ISBN 9783896697455.
748:
Schutz was interested in documenting the transition from direct to indirect experience and the series of experiences in between. He also wanted to map the progressive
435:
at the age of 60. Four volumes of
Collected Papers were published posthumously, along with the draft of a second book he had been working on prior to his death.
412:(1983), Schutz's fascination with this problem was a result of his experience in combat, combined with returning to starving and economically decimated Vienna.
2051:
2006:
1986:
384:
where he quickly rose to the
American equivalent rank of second lieutenant. His army regiment was dispatched to fight in a series of heavy battles on the
1164:
Schriften zur
Literatur. Werkausgabe Alfred Schütz; 8; Hrsg.: Michael D. Barber and Jochen Dreher. UVK-Verlag: Konstanz, München; ISBN 9783896697400.
788:
2026:
2016:
2011:
669:
In essence, Schutz and social phenomenologists are principally concerned with the happenings of everyday life, or what Schutz refers to as the
1790:
1780:
1755:
1642:
1614:
2046:
587:, also a student of Schutz's, was arguably the best-known living sociologist influenced by Schutz, especially through his creation of the
1816:
1808:
380:, Austria, as the only child in an upper-middle-class Jewish family. Following his graduation from high school, he was drafted into the
425:
1506:
1321:
1419:
On Schutz's relationship with Austrian economics, see Prendergast, C. (1986) 'Alfred Schutz and the Austrian School of economics',
2036:
2031:
1991:
1976:
1971:
1850:
1874:
810:
510:
1897:
2041:
2001:
1996:
592:
543:
Schutz's theories and conceptions are illuminated through an intense and insightful correspondence with Harvard scholar
487:
349:
1501:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Advance Research in Phenomenology & University Press of America. pp. 151–169.
1355:
929:
600:
409:
385:
1865:
1391:
1379:
1143:
1054:
615:
564:
467:
345:
337:
250:
220:
2021:
1824:
894:
882:
662:
506:
328:
1403:
633:
381:
1966:
604:
588:
1829:
860:: "Die Phänomenologie und die fundamente der Wissenschaften. (Ideas III by Edmund Husserl: A Review.)"
486:
intensively studied Husserl's work in order to seek a basis for Weber's interpretive sociology and for
1011:
Translated by B. Luckmann and R.H. Grathoff. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1956:
1951:
1607:
Interaction in Everyday Life: Phenomenology and Ethnomethodological Essays in Honor of George Psathas
397:
138:
475:
1025:, translated by A. von Baeyer and edited by A. Brodersen. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1131:, translated by J. C. Evans and edited by R. Grathoff. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
1039:, translated by A. von Baeyer and edited by I. Schutz. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1923:
1786:
1776:
1751:
1638:
1610:
1502:
1317:
1313:
1307:
676:
517:
478:’s analysis of the meanings within social interactions, Schutz was highly critical of Mead’s
1911:
1117:
1092:
655:
572:
568:
444:
299:
268:
240:
176:
77:
1387:
1050:
995:
786:: "William James' Concept of the Stream of Consciousness Phenomenologically Interpreted."
596:
584:
576:
548:
544:
471:
273:
263:
55:
716:
In contrast, those who Schutz did not deem his fellow-men, he put them in three classes:
1861:
The International Alfred Schutz Circle for Phenomenology and Interpretive Social Science
1770:
Philosophers in Exile: The Correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Aron Gurwitsch, 1939-1959
1735:
Embree, Lester. (2000). “Schutz, Alfred (1899-1959), Philosopher and Social Scientist.”
1129:
Philosophers in Exile: the Correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Aron Gurwitsch, 1939-1959
1935:
1371:
1248:
950:
628:
521:
483:
456:
417:
353:
230:
166:
348:
traditions. Schutz is gradually being recognized as one of the 20th century's leading
1945:
798:: "Scheler's Theory of Intersubjectivity & the General Thesis of the Alter Ego."
778:
Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt: eine Einleitung in die verstehende Soziologie
749:
552:
525:
452:
448:
432:
356:'s work to the social sciences, using it to develop the philosophical foundations of
171:
161:
73:
1465:
The Theory of Social Action: The Correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Talcott Parsons
1089:
The Theory of Social Action: The Correspondence of Alfred Schutz and Talcott Parsons
764:
actors on the social scene designated by the terms, 'President', 'Congress', 'China'
583:
by filling out his unfinished notes after Schutz died. As noted by Farganis (2011),
1407:
536:
497:('The Meaningful Structure of the Social World') which was published in English as
421:
341:
30:
1832:. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
479:
148:
1856:
Sozialwissenschaftliches Archiv Konstanz – Alfred-Schütz-Gedächtnis–Archiv
1930:
1880:
1855:
658:
are disciplinary extensions beyond the social phenomenology of Alfred Schutz.
620:
502:
333:
278:
202:
1235:, edited by M. A. Natanson and H. L. van Breda. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff;
1835:
1820:
1723:
1309:
Explorations in classical sociological theory : seeing the social world
1210:
693:
671:
580:
563:
Schutz's writings have had a lasting impact on the social sciences, both on
529:
460:
401:
357:
207:
181:
482:
approach. Although Schutz was never a student of Husserl, he and colleague
1870:
470:, Schutz's principal aim was to create a philosophical foundation for the
1891:
Human Studies: A Journal of Philosophy and the Social Sciences (Springer)
1890:
420:
as “a banker by day and a philosopher by night.” In 1933, the threat of
722:
547:. The thrust of the discussion centered on the meaning of the concept "
709:
377:
51:
1524:
Readings in Social Theory: The Classical Tradition to Post-Modernism
984:, edited by Helmut R. Wagner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1478:
Rehorick, David (1980). "Schutz and Parsons: Debate or Dialogue?".
404:, Schutz came to the conclusion that Weber had left the problem of
364:. However, much of his influence arose from the publication of his
1635:
Readings In Social Theory: The Classic Tradition to Post-Modernism
1366:, edited by A. Brodersen. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1845:
1803:
1553:
943:, edited by A. Brodersen. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1851:
Social Science Archive Konstanz (Alfred Schutz Memorial Archive)
870:: "Common-sense and Scientific Interpretation of Human Action."
493:
In 1932, Schutz’s efforts resulted in his first published book,
1860:
1748:
The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Major Social Theorists, Vol. I
1480:
Human Studies, A Journal for Philosophy and the Social Sciences
1106:, translated by H. R. Wagner. London: Routledge & K. Paul.
1378:, edited by H. Wagner, G. Psathas, and F. Kersten. Dordrecht:
1142:, edited by H. Wagner, G. Psathas, and F. Kersten. Dordrecht:
1368:
Collected Papers III. Studies in Phenomenological Philosophy
1245:
Collected Papers III. Studies in Phenomenological Philosophy
974:, edited by R. Zaner. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
947:
Collected Papers III. Studies in Phenomenological Philosophy
1354:, edited by M. A. Natanson and H. L. van Breda. Dordrecht:
928:, edited by M. A. Natanson and H. L. van Breda. Dordrecht:
703:
social reality that is on the horizon of direct experience.
579:
ultimately finished Schutz's work on the structures of the
535:
Schutz is also known for his belief that humans attempt to
1075:
Zur Theorie sozialen Handelns: Briefwechsel Alfred Schutz,
700:
the social reality that has been directly experienced; and
305:
302:
1637:(6th ed.). New York City: McGraw-Hill. p. 257.
1435:
Schutz's Theory of Relevance: A Phenomenological Critique
1080:, edited by W. M. Sprondel. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
880:: "Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences."
982:
On Phenomenology and Social Relations: Selected Writings
1886:
Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences (SPHS)
1885:
1840:
1730:
The Participating Citizen: A Biography of Alfred Schutz
1263:
The Participating Citizen: A Biography of Alfred Schutz
1243:, edited by A. Brodersen. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff;
575:). Heavily influenced by Schutz's work as his student,
528:
of knowledge. A great deal of his work deals with the "
1765:. Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press.
1295:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 6.
1114:
Alfred Schutz, Aron Gurwitsch: Briefwechsel, 1939-1959
1895:
1841:
Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy.
505:”. He viewed the technique of bracketing, drawn from
311:
1846:
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Phenomenology
308:
1057:, Jr. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
520:, in a broader sense, using it in reference to the
256:
246:
236:
226:
216:
195:
190:
154:
144:
134:
129:
102:
85:
62:
37:
21:
1962:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
1394:, Jr. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
1605:Nasu, Hisashi; Waksler, Frances C., eds. (2012).
1352:Collected Papers I: The Problem of Social Reality
1233:Collected Papers I: The Problem of Social Reality
926:Collected Papers I: The Problem of Social Reality
914:: "Type and Eidos in Husserl's Late Philosophy."
1871:Guide to the Papers of the Alfred Schutz Family
1732:. New York, State University of New York Press.
964:. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
904:: "Max Scheler's Epistemology and Ethics: II."
1628:
1626:
1467:. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
892:: "Max Scheler's Epistemology and Ethics: I."
1539:Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory
1339:Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory
1278:Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory
1063:: "Fragments on the Phenomenology of Music."
618:is the study of things as they appear (i.e.,
8:
1592:50 Key Sociologists: The Formative Theorists
591:theory, which explains how the processes of
1746:In: George Ritzer, Jeff Stepnisky (Hrsg.):
1579:. CA: Thousand Oaks. p. (pp. 750–752).
1312:. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press. p.
1982:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
1374:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1037:Studien zur Phänomenologischen Philosophie
29:
18:
1497:Rehorick, David; Buxton, William (1988).
1192:Walsh, George. 1997. "Introduction." In
953:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1763:Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography
1293:Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography
1095:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
916:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
872:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
862:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
852:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
842:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
832:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
822:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
800:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
789:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
565:phenomenological approaches to sociology
1902:
1772:Indianapolis, Indiana University Press.
1172:
972:Reflections on the Problem of Relevance
850:: "Edmund Husserl's Ideas, Volume II."
840:: "Choosing Among Projects of Action."
1526:. New York: Mc-Graw Hill. p. 258.
495:Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt
1673:
1671:
1669:
1662:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 219.
1609:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
1556:. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1452:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 219.
1213:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1194:The Phenomenology of the Social World
1009:Das Problem der Sozialen Wirklichkeit
962:The Phenomenology of the Social World
499:The Phenomenology of the Social World
327:
7:
1204:
1202:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
376:Schutz was born on 13 April 1899 in
1817:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1809:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1737:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1724:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
684:The four divisions of the lifeworld
2052:Member of the Mont Pelerin Society
2007:20th-century American philosophers
1987:Philosophers from New York (state)
1023:Studien zur Soziologischen Theorie
830:: "Sartre's Theory of Alter Ego."
443:Schutz was strongly influenced by
14:
474:. While Schutz's work paralleled
362:Phenomenology of the Social World
1929:
1917:
1905:
1390:, translated by R. M. Zaner and
1384:The Structures of the Life-World
1341:. Pine Forge Press. p. 314.
1104:Life forms and meaning structure
1053:, translated by R. M. Zaner and
1047:The Structures of the Life-World
396:In 1918, Schutz enrolled at the
360:'s sociology, in his major work
298:
16:Austrian philosopher (1899–1959)
1768:Grathoff, R. Evans, C. (1989).
1541:. Pine Forge Press. p. 29.
1463:Grathoff, Richard, ed. (1978).
688:Schutz's division of Husserl's
416:time. He was once described by
115:
2027:Philosophers of social science
1750:Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford 2011,
1437:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
627:Phenomenology originated with
431:Schutz died on 20 May 1959 in
350:philosophers of social science
1:
2017:20th-century American writers
2012:20th-century Austrian writers
1875:Leo Baeck Institute, New York
1691:The Problem of Social Reality
1421:American Journal of Sociology
1251:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff
1196:, by Alfred Schütz. Illinois.
1033:Gesammelte Aufsätze: Band III
811:American Journal of Sociology
720:the world of contemporaries (
661:As noted by Farganis (2011),
332:; 1899–1959) was an Austrian
1019:Gesammelte Aufsätze: Band II
2047:University of Vienna alumni
1881:Alfred Schutz YouTube Video
1356:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
930:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
820:: "On Multiple Realities."
729:the world of predecessors (
707:The former consists of the
2068:
1836:The Alfred Schutz Archive.
1380:Kluwer Academic Publishers
1370:, edited by I. Schutz and
1291:Wagner, Helmut R. (1983).
1247:, edited by I. Schutz and
1144:Kluwer Academic Publishers
949:, edited by I. Schutz and
663:phenomenological sociology
408:unexplicated. As noted by
736:the world of successors (
571:(through the writings of
287:
125:
28:
1633:Farganis, James (2011).
1522:Farganis, James (2011).
1364:Studies in Social Theory
1241:Studies in Social Theory
992:Das Problem der Relevanz
941:Studies in Social Theory
507:Husserlian phenomenology
392:Education and later life
1693:(The Hague 1973) p. 352
1658:Ritzer, George (2011).
1537:Kenneth, Allan (2010).
1448:Ritzer, George (2011).
1433:Cox, Ronald R. (1978).
1404:Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard
1337:Allan, Kenneth (2010).
1306:Allan, Kenneth (2005).
1004:: Gesammelte Aufsätze:
752:of the contemporaries (
634:phenomenological epoche
2037:Social constructionism
2032:The New School faculty
1761:Wagner, H. R. (1983).
1575:Orbe, Mark P. (2009).
766:
605:sociology of knowledge
513:for personal reasons.
338:social phenomenologist
1992:American sociologists
1977:Austrian sociologists
1972:Austrian philosophers
994:. Frankfurt am Main:
906:Review of Metaphysics
895:Review of Metaphysics
883:Journal of Philosophy
780:. Wien: J. Springer.
769:Selected bibliography
761:
1830:Alfred Schutz Papers
1120:. München: W. Fink.
649:Social phenomenology
643:conscious experience
398:University of Vienna
251:Social phenomenology
139:University of Vienna
2042:Writers from Vienna
2002:Jewish sociologists
1997:Jewish philosophers
1728:Barber, M. (2004).
1660:Sociological Theory
1450:Sociological Theory
1376:Collected Papers IV
1360:Collected Papers II
1237:Collected Papers II
1140:Collected Papers IV
937:Collected Papers II
589:social construction
524:, specifically the
511:Freiburg University
476:George Herbert Mead
439:Intellectual career
340:whose work bridged
217:School or tradition
130:Academic background
808:: "The Stranger."
1791:978-1-5484-5200-1
1781:978-0-7391-7644-3
1756:978-1-4443-3078-6
1644:978-0-07-811155-6
1616:978-0-7391-7644-3
1423:, 92, 1, pp.1-26.
1261:Barber, Michael.
1209:Barber, Michael.
518:intersubjectivity
488:Austrian economic
291:
290:
237:Doctoral students
2059:
2022:Phenomenologists
1934:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1813:
1718:Michael Barber,
1707:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1392:H. T. Engelhardt
1349:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1276:Allan, Kenneth.
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1206:
1197:
1190:
1118:Ludwig Landgrebe
1055:H. T. Engelhardt
656:ethnomethodology
573:Harold Garfinkel
569:ethnomethodology
445:Ludwig von Mises
366:Collected Papers
346:phenomenological
331:
326:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
307:
304:
269:Harold Garfinkel
241:Maurice Natanson
177:Ludwig von Mises
145:Doctoral advisor
119:
117:
69:
47:
45:
33:
19:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2056:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1804:"Alfred Schütz"
1802:
1799:
1742:Jochen Dreher:
1715:
1713:Further reading
1710:
1701:
1697:
1689:Alfred Schütz,
1688:
1684:
1676:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1554:"Phenomenology"
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1388:Thomas Luckmann
1350:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1211:"Alfred Schutz"
1208:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1174:
1170:
1078:Talcott Parsons
1051:Thomas Luckmann
814:49(6):499–507.
771:
686:
677:intersubjective
651:
613:
601:internalization
597:objectification
593:externalization
585:Peter L. Berger
577:Thomas Luckmann
561:
545:Talcott Parsons
472:social sciences
441:
394:
374:
324:
301:
297:
283:
274:Thomas Luckmann
264:Peter L. Berger
212:
186:
121:
118: 1926)
113:
109:
98:
81:
71:
67:
58:
56:Austria-Hungary
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1866:The New School
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:Michael Barber
1814:
1798:
1797:External links
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:Social Reality
1695:
1682:
1665:
1650:
1643:
1622:
1615:
1597:
1582:
1567:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1507:
1489:
1470:
1455:
1440:
1425:
1412:
1396:
1344:
1329:
1322:
1298:
1283:
1280:. p. 314.
1268:
1253:
1224:
1198:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1133:
1132:
1097:
1096:
955:
954:
944:
908:. 11:486–501.
770:
767:
742:
741:
734:
727:
705:
704:
701:
692:(the mundane '
685:
682:
650:
647:
629:Edmund Husserl
612:
609:
560:
557:
484:Felix Kaufmann
457:Edmund Husserl
440:
437:
426:The New School
418:Edmund Husserl
393:
390:
373:
370:
368:in the 1960s.
354:Edmund Husserl
329:[ʃʏts]
289:
288:
285:
284:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
231:The New School
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
199:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
167:Edmund Husserl
164:
158:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
111:
107:
106:
104:
100:
99:
97:
96:
93:
89:
87:
83:
82:
72:
70:(aged 60)
64:
60:
59:
50:
48:April 13, 1899
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Austrian Jews
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:Alfred Schutz
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1758:, S. 489–510.
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:Alfred Schutz
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:Alfred Schutz
1717:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:Phenomenology
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1590:Scott, John.
1586:
1583:
1578:
1577:Phenomenology
1571:
1568:
1555:
1552:Smith, Joel.
1548:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1508:0-8191-7035-6
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1486:(4): 347–355.
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1323:9781412905725
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
983:
979:
975:
973:
969:
965:
963:
959:
952:
948:
945:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
907:
903:
899:
897:
896:
891:
887:
886:. 51:257–72.
885:
884:
879:
875:
873:
869:
865:
863:
859:
855:
854:13: 394–413.
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
813:
812:
807:
803:
801:
797:
793:
791:
790:
785:
781:
779:
775:
768:
765:
760:
757:
755:
751:
750:anonymisation
746:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
724:
719:
718:
717:
714:
712:
711:
702:
699:
698:
697:
695:
691:
683:
681:
678:
674:
673:
667:
664:
659:
657:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
625:
623:
622:
617:
616:Phenomenology
611:Phenomenology
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
558:
556:
554:
553:Eric Voegelin
550:
549:social action
546:
541:
538:
533:
531:
527:
526:social nature
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
480:behavioristic
477:
473:
469:
468:phenomenology
464:
462:
459:, as well as
458:
454:
453:William James
450:
449:Henri Bergson
446:
438:
436:
434:
433:New York City
429:
427:
423:
419:
413:
411:
410:Helmut Wagner
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
386:Italian front
383:
382:Austrian Army
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:. He related
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
322:
321:Alfred Schütz
316:
295:
294:Alfred Schutz
286:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:Notable ideas
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
221:Phenomenology
219:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
194:
191:Academic work
189:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
172:William James
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Henri Bergson
160:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
128:
124:
105:
101:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
79:
75:
74:New York City
65:
61:
57:
53:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:Alfred Schütz
20:
1807:
1769:
1762:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1659:
1653:
1634:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1547:
1538:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1399:
1383:
1375:
1372:A. Gurwitsch
1367:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1249:A. Gurwitsch
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1193:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1116:, edited by
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1091:, edited by
1088:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
991:
987:
986:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:
951:A. Gurwitsch
946:
940:
936:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
905:
901:
900:
893:
889:
888:
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
856:
851:
847:
846:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
816:
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
794:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
772:
762:
758:
753:
747:
743:
737:
730:
721:
715:
708:
706:
689:
687:
670:
668:
660:
652:
642:
638:
632:
626:
619:
614:
562:
542:
534:
522:social world
515:
498:
494:
492:
465:
442:
430:
422:Adolf Hitler
414:
405:
395:
375:
365:
361:
342:sociological
320:
293:
292:
227:Institutions
68:(1959-05-20)
66:May 20, 1959
1957:1959 deaths
1952:1899 births
1231:Schutz, A.
1093:R. Grathoff
918:20:147–65.
898:11:304–14.
864:13:506–14.
844:12:161–84.
834:9:181–199.
824:5:533–576.
802:2: 323–47.
503:ideal types
466:Drawing on
334:philosopher
149:Hans Kelsen
86:Nationality
1946:Categories
1924:Philosophy
1168:References
792:1:442–51.
690:lebenswelt
279:Dan Zahavi
257:Influenced
203:Philosophy
196:Discipline
155:Influences
44:1899-04-13
1912:Biography
1560:4 October
1217:5 October
1065:Music Man
874:14:1–38.
738:folgewelt
694:lifeworld
672:lifeworld
621:phenomena
581:lifeworld
530:lifeworld
461:Max Weber
402:Max Weber
372:Biography
358:Max Weber
208:sociology
182:Max Weber
135:Education
108:Ilse Heim
1702:Schütz,
1677:Schütz,
1067:2:5–72.
996:Suhrkamp
754:mitwelt)
490:theory.
95:American
92:Austrian
78:New York
1936:Society
1898:Portals
1873:at the
1386:, with
1049:, with
1006:Band I.
922:1962–66
731:vorwelt
723:mitwelt
567:and in
406:meaning
388:(WWI).
325:German:
319:; born
120:
112:
1823:," by
1789:
1779:
1754:
1706:p. 352
1641:
1613:
1505:
1320:
733:); and
710:umwelt
675:, “an
599:, and
559:Legacy
537:typify
455:, and
378:Vienna
103:Spouse
80:, U.S.
52:Vienna
1162:2013:
1150:2010:
641:, or
639:capta
114:(
110:
1787:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1752:ISBN
1722:In:
1639:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1562:2012
1503:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1219:2012
1156:2011
1136:1996
1125:1989
1110:1985
1100:1982
1085:1978
1071:1977
1061:1976
1043:1973
1029:1972
1015:1972
1002:1972
988:1971
978:1970
968:1970
958:1967
912:1959
902:1958
890:1957
878:1954
868:1953
858:1953
848:1953
838:1951
828:1948
818:1945
806:1944
796:1942
784:1941
774:1932
344:and
336:and
63:Died
38:Born
1819:, "
1314:314
1948::
1806:.
1668:^
1625:^
1482:.
1406::
1382:.
1362:.
1358:.
1316:.
1239:.
1201:^
1175:^
1146:.
1138::
1127::
1112::
1102::
1087::
1073::
1045::
1035:.
1031::
1021:.
1017::
998:.
990::
980::
970::
960::
932:.
924::
776::
740:).
726:);
607:.
595:,
463:.
451:,
447:,
323:,
116:m.
76:,
54:,
1900::
1877:.
1812:.
1739:.
1647:.
1619:.
1594:.
1564:.
1511:.
1484:3
1410:.
1326:.
1265:.
1221:.
939:.
315:/
312:s
309:t
306:ʊ
303:ʃ
300:/
296:(
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
