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combine with other minerals to form alkaline residues that are emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and eventually fall as rain. Aquatic environments are especially impacted by alkaline precipitation. Because alkaline precipitation can be harmful to the environment, it
56:
While most natural rains are weakly acidic, alkaline rain can also occur in natural conditions without the significant impact of pollutants. Natural alkaline rains from semiarid areas carry a substantial amount of
174:
after treatment. These practices are made possible by several treatment methods of solidification/stabilization, thermal, and combined. The most commonly used method for dealing with these types of waste such as
141:
Alkaline precipitation increases the pH of rainwater to 8.5-10, causing disturbances in aquatic ecosystems. These disturbances can cause physiological changes to aquatic life, changing the rates at which
97:, chromium ore, alumina extraction, iron, and steel manufacture can cause pollution by producing alkaline residue. These residues are significant and increasing in the global flux and are composed of
206:
are also used in neutralizing the pH; this is used at active processing plants but the liquid runoff can remain toxic to aquatic environments.
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The impact of alkaline residue in the environment. Industrial processes produce alkaline residue that leaks into the environment such as
32:
is important to utilize various methods such as air pollution control, solidification and stabilization, and remediation to manage it.
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is dispelled, which leads to accumulation in organisms. The pH change in the water can cause precipitation of calcite from alkaline
361:Özsoy, Türkan; Cemal Saydam, A (2000). "Acidic and alkaline precipitation in the Cilician Basin, north-eastern Mediterranean Sea".
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and transported by winds. After mixing with water vapor, they are carried by clouds and deposited on the ground in the form of
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can also increase the pH of precipitation and contribute to basic rain. Alkaline rain can be viewed as opposite to
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370:
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314:"Alkaline rains on the Tibetan Plateau and their implication for the original pH of natural rainfall"
265:"Alkaline residues and the environment: a review of impacts, management practices and opportunities"
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Other sources include the surfaces of unpaved roads and soils that are covered in major alkaline
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Gomes, Helena I.; Mayes, William M.; Rogerson, Mike; Stewart, Douglas I.; Burke, Ian T. (2016).
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406:"The role of alkaline materials in precipitation chemistry: A brief review of the issues"
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The principal cause of alkaline rain are emissions from factories and waste deposits.
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occurs due to natural and anthropogenic causes. It happens when minerals, such as
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Air pollution control yields two management practices of recycling
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Gatz, Donald F.; Barnard, William R.; Stensland, Gary J. (1986).
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is solidification / stabilization. Remediation for alkaline
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aquatic habitats, along with reducing light penetration.
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Zhang, D. D.; Peart, M. R.; Jim, C. Y.; Jia, La (2002).
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containing large amounts of alkaline compounds such as
191:, recirculation of drainage waters over stockpiled or
195:residues, and acid dosing. Strong acids (e.g.
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318:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
109:oxides that are hydrated to produce soluble
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210:are also a low-cost remedy for alkaline
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137:Impacts of alkaline precipitation
363:Science of the Total Environment
89:. Industrial processes such as
410:Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
43:changing the pH or can become
1:
383:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00380-6
282:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.111
269:Journal of Cleaner Production
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324:(D104): ACH 9.1–ACH 9.6.
61:lifted from desert soil
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17:Alkaline precipitation
449:Alkaline earth metals
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338:10.1029/2001JD001332
187:in order to promote
73:Anthropogenic causes
375:2000ScTEn.253...93O
330:2002JGRD..107.4198Z
422:10.1007/BF00305195
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197:hydrochloric acid
83:calcium carbonate
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183:requires active
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369:(1–3): 93–109.
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150:that suffocate
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91:coal combustion
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416:(1): 245–251.
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52:Natural causes
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275:: 3571–3582.
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201:sulfuric acid
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45:fugitive dust
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170:material or
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79:Mineral dust
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59:mineral dust
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16:
15:
347:10722/54351
189:carbonation
111:hydroxides.
47:in the air.
41:groundwater
230:References
162:Management
63:convection
430:1573-2932
291:0959-6526
224:Acid rain
212:leachates
148:leachates
131:potassium
127:magnesium
107:magnesium
95:limestone
87:acid rain
67:rain dust
29:magnesium
443:Category
391:10843334
299:52591037
218:See also
208:Wetlands
193:lagooned
185:aeration
181:leachate
172:landfill
156:littoral
115:elements
25:aluminum
371:Bibcode
326:Bibcode
177:bauxite
168:ceramic
152:benthic
144:ammonia
123:calcium
103:calcium
21:calcium
428:
389:
297:
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129:, and
119:sodium
117:(e.g.
99:sodium
295:S2CID
105:, or
27:, or
426:ISSN
387:PMID
287:ISSN
199:and
154:and
418:doi
379:doi
367:253
342:hdl
334:doi
322:107
277:doi
273:112
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