281:), that is exercise hyperventilation. During exercise, due to the inability to utilize muscle glycogen as a substrate for ATP synthesis, plasma lactate does not significantly rise (and may fall below) compared to resting levels; consequently, McArdle disease individuals do not experience lactic acidosis. The rise in venous pH (alkalosis), may be due to increased ammonia production, increased epinephrine, and/or increased oxygen demand for oxidative phosphorylation of blood borne substrates (free fatty acids and blood glucose).
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Rodriguez-Lopez, Carlos; Santalla, Alfredo; Valenzuela, Pedro L.; Real-Martínez, Alberto; Villarreal-Salazar, Mónica; Rodriguez-Gomez, Irene; Pinós, Tomàs; Ara, Ignacio; Lucia, Alejandro (February 2023).
640:Ørngreen, Mette Cathrine; Jeppesen, Tina Dysgaard; Taivassalo, Tanja; Hauerslev, Simon; Preisler, Nicolai; Heinicke, Katja; Haller, Ronald G.; Vissing, John; van Hall, Gerrit (August 2015).
470:
Zange, Jochen; Grehl, Torsten; Disselhorst-Klug, Catherine; Rau, Günter; Müller, Klaus; Schröder, Rolf; Tegenthoff, Martin; Malin, Jean-Pierre; Vorgerd, Matthias (June 2003).
905:
308:. As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.
261:(glycogen storage disease type V), the inability to utilize muscle glycogen leads to a shortage of ATP during exercise and subsequent exercise-induced premature
950:
1411:
175:(serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into the categories of
1752:
784:
1351:
403:
Yee AH, Rabinstein AA (February 2010). "Neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies".
214:, become more ionized into anions. This causes the free calcium present in blood to bind more strongly with albumin. If severe, it may cause
1651:
1946:
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269:), rapid depletion of phosphocreatine, insufficient ATP production, increased ADP and AMP, increased rise in venous ammonia (from the
199:, and muscle cramps (from disturbed function of the skeletal muscles), and muscle spasms (from disturbed function of smooth muscles).
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273:), increased epinephrine (adrenaline), increased plasma free fatty acids (lipolysis), increased venous pH (alkalosis), rapid (
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472:"Breakdown of adenine nucleotide pool in fatiguing skeletal muscle in McArdle's disease: a noninvasive 31P-MRS and EMG study"
46:
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Hagberg, J. M.; King, D. S.; Rogers, M. A.; Montain, S. J.; Jilka, S. M.; Kohrt, W. M.; Heller, S. L. (April 1990).
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642:"Lactate and Energy Metabolism During Exercise in Patients With Blocked Glycogenolysis (McArdle Disease)"
296:, are other causes. It can also be caused by administration of diuretics and endocrine disorders such as
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Hagberg, J. M.; Coyle, E. F.; Carroll, J. E.; Miller, J. M.; Martin, W. H.; Brooke, M. H. (April 1982).
234:. Compensatory mechanisms for this include release of hydrogen ion from tissue buffers and excretion of
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582:"Muscle glycogen unavailability and fat oxidation rate during exercise: Insights from McArdle disease"
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785:"Metabolic disease in neonates: Initial metabolic tests for suspected metabolic disease"
739:"Exercise and recovery ventilatory and VO2 responses of patients with McArdle's disease"
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Journal of
Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
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Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by repeated vomiting, resulting in a loss of
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914:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
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242:. Hyperventilation-induced alkalosis can be seen in several deadly
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692:"Exercise hyperventilation in patients with McArdle's disease"
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carbon dioxide, a condition leaning toward respiratory
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The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
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277:) and commonly (approx. 50%) also heavy breathing (
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
183:or a combined respiratory/metabolic alkalosis.
449:(11 ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 212–214.
191:Metabolic alkalosis is usually accompanied by
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384:Mosby's Paramedic Textbook – Mick J. Sanders
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1412:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
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447:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
238:in the kidneys, both of which lower blood
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1753:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
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552:
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519:"McArdle Disease and Exercise Physiology"
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1652:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
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195:, causing, e.g., muscular weakness,
156:is the result of a process reducing
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1901:
1092:Mixed disorder of acid-base balance
226:Respiratory alkalosis is caused by
206:. As the blood pH increases, blood
1788:Medical Scientist Training Program
911:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
14:
193:low blood potassium concentration
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288:in the stomach contents. Severe
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204:low blood calcium concentration
34:needs additional citations for
1778:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1212:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
1:
743:Journal of Applied Physiology
1758:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1525:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
755:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1393
708:10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.991
441:Norman G. Levinsky (1987).
1963:
517:Kitaoka, Yu (2014-02-25).
1876:
586:The Journal of Physiology
417:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.002
292:, and the consumption of
230:, resulting in a loss of
1712:Transplantation medicine
1603:Clinical neurophysiology
1520:Obstetric anesthesiology
1440:Interventional radiology
1200:Digestive system surgery
1583:Intensive care medicine
1557:Mass gathering medicine
1402:Maternal–fetal medicine
924:10.1351/goldbook.A00221
271:purine nucleotide cycle
1947:Acid–base disturbances
1175:Cardiothoracic surgery
1000:Alcoholic ketoacidosis
536:10.3390/biology3010157
445:; et al. (eds.).
244:central nervous system
1826:Personalized medicine
1685:Reproductive medicine
1610:Occupational medicine
1564:Evolutionary medicine
1097:Acid–base homeostasis
1069:Contraction alkalosis
995:Diabetic ketoacidosis
329:Acid–base homeostasis
177:respiratory alkalosis
1846:Traditional medicine
1806:Alternative medicine
1673:Addiction psychiatry
1487:Transfusion medicine
1482:Medical microbiology
1397:Gynecologic oncology
1249:Reproductive surgery
658:10.1210/jc.2015-1339
344:Chemical equilibrium
334:Milk-alkali syndrome
43:improve this article
1868:History of medicine
1851:Veterinary medicine
1658:Preventive medicine
1510:Adolescent medicine
1352:Infectious diseases
960:Acid–base disorders
789:Safer Care Victoria
324:Acid–base imbalance
181:metabolic alkalosis
1816:Molecular oncology
1773:Doctor of Medicine
1763:Master of Medicine
1680:Radiation oncology
1552:Emergency medicine
1505:Addiction medicine
1472:Clinical chemistry
1467:Clinical pathology
1259:Transplant surgery
1217:Orthopedic surgery
1195:Colorectal surgery
878:External resources
476:Muscle & Nerve
339:Arterial blood gas
298:Cushing's syndrome
208:transport proteins
202:It may also cause
187:Signs and symptoms
171:). In contrast to
16:Increased blood pH
1934:
1933:
1768:Master of Surgery
1732:
1731:
1717:Tropical medicine
1663:Prison healthcare
1578:Hospital medicine
1542:Disaster medicine
1532:Aviation medicine
1347:Hospital medicine
1254:Surgical oncology
1239:Pediatric surgery
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1180:Endocrine surgery
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652:(8): E1096–1104.
488:10.1002/mus.10377
286:hydrochloric acid
246:diseases such as
160:concentration of
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1325:Gastroenterology
1281:Vascular surgery
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1707:Sports medicine
1690:Sexual medicine
1630:Palliative care
1625:Pain management
1569:Family medicine
1547:Diving medicine
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1190:General surgery
1170:Cardiac surgery
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32:This article
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1836:Rural health
1821:Nanomedicine
1372:Rheumatology
1303: /
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1207:Neurosurgery
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1906:Wikiproject
1695:Venereology
1640:Neonatology
1537:Dermatology
1392:Gynaecology
1384:gynaecology
1367:Pulmonology
1185:Eye surgery
1147:Specialties
1076:Respiratory
1042:Respiratory
1034:Respiratory
887:MedlinePlus
411:(1): 1–16.
405:Neurol Clin
290:dehydration
267:tachycardia
236:bicarbonate
197:muscle pain
58:"Alkalosis"
1668:Psychiatry
1654:(PM&R)
1647:Phlebology
1635:Pediatrics
1462:Anatomical
1427:Diagnostic
1407:Obstetrics
1357:Nephrology
1342:Hematology
1337:Geriatrics
1330:Hepatology
1315:Cardiology
1305:Immunology
863:DiseasesDB
372:References
210:, such as
99:March 2015
69:newspapers
1856:Physician
1740:education
1598:Neurology
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1435:Radiology
1310:Angiology
1274:Andrology
1064:Metabolic
1056:Alkalosis
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916:alkalosis
763:8750-7587
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154:Alkalosis
133:Specialty
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1362:Oncology
1293:medicine
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1139:Medicine
968:Acidosis
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319:Acidosis
312:See also
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173:acidemia
162:arterial
1926:Outline
1896:Commons
1841:Therapy
1738:Medical
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846:276.3
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90:JSTOR
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767:PMID
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