551:
681:
696:. In response to allegations of fraud, the Constitutional Court conducted a recount before again declaring Bongo the winner with 41.79% of the vote on 12 October 2009; he was then sworn in as president on 16 October. Various African presidents were present for the ceremony. Bongo expressed a commitment to justice and the fight against corruption at the ceremony and said that fast action was needed to "give back confidence and promote the emergence of new hope". He also alluded to his father's governing philosophy of preserving stability through regional, tribal, and political balance in the allocation of power, while also stressing that "excellence, competence and work" were even more important than "geographical and political considerations". Later in the day, he announced the reappointment of
735:
793:
631:
40:
899:, adding that the two were with family and doctors. Also arrested by the junta were several of Bongo's presidential aides. The junta said that they were facing charges that included treason, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking. Despite his detention, Bongo released a video on social media in which he appeared distressed while pleading for help in English, calling on his friends and supporters both in Gabon and around the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" in response to the coup.
3357:
615:
785:
incapacitated. On 1 January 2019, Bongo gave his first public address via a video posted to social media since falling ill in
October 2018 quashing rumors of his death. Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned the legitimacy of the video with some claiming that the man giving the address was not Bongo, but a body double. In August 2019, Bongo made his first public appearance since his stroke. He has appeared in public using a
857:, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post system used for previous presidential and parliamentary elections in the country. This was later reversed in April 2023, nearly five months prior to the Gabonese general elections, following political consultations in February. Other changes agreed to by the Gabonese government include five-year terms for all elected officials in the country, as well as the abolition of re-election limits.
3618:
3638:
1376:
3628:
517:, abbreviated PDG) in 1981; he was elected to the PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in March 1983. Subsequently, he was his father's Personal Representative to the PDG and in that capacity he entered the PDG Political Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the Political Bureau at an ordinary party congress in September 1986.
884:", citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had led to "a continuous degradation of social cohesion, risking pushing the country into chaos". They also announced the annulment of the recent election, the dissolution of state institutions, and the closure of the country's borders. Among the officers seen during the announcement were
627:, who was Director of the Presidential Cabinet. The degree of support for Ali Bongo within the PDG leadership was also questioned in the press, and it was argued that many Gabonese "see him as a spoilt child, born in Congo-Brazzaville, brought up in France, hardly able to speak indigenous languages and with the appearance of a hip hop star".
1373:
905:, his cousin and commander of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim president by the military junta. A week after the coup, Oligui authorized Bongo's release on medical grounds, saying that he was free to leave the country for treatment. Following his release, Bongo moved to his private residence in Libreville.
462:). His mother was 18 years old at the time of his birth. He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and there have been rumors of his being Bongo's adopted son, a claim that he dismisses. Alain-Bernard changed his name to Ali when he and his father converted to Islam in 1973 and, in 2003, they both adopted the
872:
Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp". He had already claimed victory and urged Bongo to facilitate a peaceful transfer of power based on his own purported vote count. The official election results were announced in the middle of the night
784:
that Bongo had a stroke in Riyadh and has since left the hospital in Rabat and is currently recovering at a private residence in Rabat. From 24 October 2018 to 1 January 2019, Bongo was not seen in public, leading to rampant speculation about the possibility that he may have died or otherwise become
868:
Foreign media outlets and independent observers were reportedly prevented from entering Gabon on the day of the election. Delays were reported at several polling stations, with people waiting in line for hours before getting the chance to cast their ballots. In the evening after voting took place,
661:
Despite standing as a presidential candidate, Bongo was retained as
Minister of Defense in the government appointed on 22 July 2009. Rogombé urged calm and called for the candidates to be "worthy" of the votes they would receive. The opposition strongly protested Bongo's continued inclusion in the
622:
Omar Bongo died at a
Spanish hospital on 8 June 2009. Ali Bongo appeared on television that night to call "for calm and serenity of heart and reverence to preserve the unity and peace so dear to our late father". Having been appointed to key positions by his father, it was widely considered likely
657:
announced on 16 July that the party leadership had chosen Bongo by consensus as the PDG candidate, although this decision still needed to be formally confirmed at a party congress. An extraordinary PDG congress accordingly designated Bongo as the party's candidate on 19 July. On that occasion, he
605:
as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province. He retained his post as
Minister of State for National Defense after that election, although he was subsequently reduced to the rank of ordinary Minister on 28 December 2007. At the PDG's Ninth Ordinary Congress in September 2008, he was re-elected as a
860:
Roughly one month before the elections, which were scheduled to be held on 26 August, the
Gabonese Center for Elections announced a last-minute change to the ballot system that requires voters to support a parliamentary candidate from the same party as their preferred presidential candidate. The
768:
Gabon's economy continues to be based on a rent strategy, being entirely devoted to the production and export of natural resources. Many difficulties persist in addition: unemployment rate around 30% of the active population in 2016, expeditious arrests during student or union demonstrations
707:
The composition of
Biyoghe Mba's new government was announced on 17 October; it was reduced to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise to reduce the size of the government and thereby reduce expenses. The government was also mostly composed of new faces, including many
550:
704:; he made the announcement personally "to underline the importance of this moment". According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience and managerial competence "to lead us through the next stage", and he said work would start "immediately".
1612:
760:
On 17 August 2015, Bongo announced that he planned to donate everything he inherited from his father to the young people of Gabon, in the form of "a foundation for the youth and education". Explaining his decision, he said that "we are all heirs of
865:, is an independent, thereby making it impossible for Gabonese voters to simultaneously vote for him and a parliamentary representative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 opposition coalition, which chose Ossa as their joint candidate.
873:
on state television without prior notice. The country was placed under curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the nation, measures implemented by the government to prevent the spread of "false news" and potential violence.
812:. The coup attempt failed, and the government successfully re-asserted control. The coup may not have actually happened though, as has been reported by critics, and could have been used as a tactic by the government to gain support.
2686:
578:
challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination to his parliamentary seat, but Bongo was successful in winning the nomination and retaining the seat. In surviving that challenge, he benefited from the assistance of his maternal uncle
2777:
623:
that he would emerge as his father's successor following the latter's death in June 2009. Some press reports predicted a power struggle, however, suggesting that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his sister
1602:
908:
In
September 2024, Bongo announced his retirement from politics, while appealing for the release of his wife Sylvia and son Noureddin. He also accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.
2531:
590:, Bongo was elected to the National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province. At the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Congress in July 2003, he was elected as a vice-president of the PDG. During the
2562:
2347:
2651:
2905:
881:
818:
In early
January 2020, the Senate and National Assembly passed a constitutional reform that would allow the president to appoint one-third of senators in place of elections, among other changes.
658:
thanked delegates for their choice, saying he was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed to battle corruption and "redistribute the proceeds of economic growth" as president.
434:
2875:
680:
1982:
2935:
769:(numerous since January 2016), deterioration of access to health care, deficiency of public services, recurrent electricity cuts. More than half of the population is below the poverty line.
2747:
2620:
2077:
3030:
2678:
1859:
646:
Bongo was one of ten candidates who submitted applications to become the PDG's candidate in the early presidential election, scheduled for 30 August 2009. PDG Deputy
Secretary-General
3732:
2138:
1167:
3143:
2769:
543:
Following his departure from the government, Bongo took up his seat as a Deputy in the
National Assembly in 1991. In February 1992, he organized a visit by American pop singer
2411:
2845:
2047:
2441:
1909:
876:
In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was declared by the Gabonese electoral commission with 64.27% of the vote. Minutes later, the military seized the
2377:
1473:
1100:
944:, from Los Angeles, California; at the time of Ali Bongo's election as president, Inge Bongo was living on food stamps in California; she filed for divorce in 2015.
1881:
688:
A few days after the election on 30 August 2009, it was announced that he had won the election with 42% of the vote, and that result was promptly confirmed by the
3687:
1828:
3167:
2228:
815:
As a result of Bongo's medically induced absence from politics, Gabon has witnessed the proliferation of official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.
583:, one of his key political allies. After over seven years as a Deputy, Bongo was appointed to the government as Minister of National Defense on 25 January 1999.
3301:
2017:
540:. After two years as Foreign Minister, a 1991 constitutional amendment setting a minimum age of 35 for ministers resulted in his departure from the government.
520:
Bongo held the post of High Personal Representative of the President of the Republic from 1987 to 1989. In 1989, his father appointed him to the government as
1399:
1127:
880:
in Libreville and around a dozen military personnel announced the end of Bongo's regime, with a military spokesperson claiming to be speaking on behalf of a "
2523:
1078:
3702:
2554:
2337:
2643:
2285:
3722:
3717:
3428:
1960:
822:
2897:
2867:
1760:
3405:
2108:
1990:
2927:
2315:
677:
was appointed to take over from Bongo as Minister of Defense in an interim capacity when the election campaign officially began on 15 August 2009.
3727:
2739:
2612:
3742:
3005:
1798:
1775:
1740:
1717:
1694:
1636:
1306:
2717:
2069:
1851:
3133:
3034:
2957:
2130:
1715:"Gabon: URGENT / Présidentielle 2009 / Rose Francine Rogombé aux 23 candidats « Soyez dignes des voix qui se porteront sur vous »"
1159:
3230:
713:
521:
395:
212:
2195:
594:, he worked on his father's re-election campaign as Coordinator-General of Youth. Following that election, he was promoted to the rank of
3356:
2500:
922:
3682:
3677:
3080:
2254:
1523:
1043:
734:
591:
411:
407:
3737:
1930:
1197:
602:
587:
571:
529:
1546:
3707:
3294:
3059:
2403:
1427:
2835:
2039:
2433:
977:
3767:
2470:
1245:"Honorary Doctorate of Law awarded to Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of the Gabonese Republic by Wuhan University-Wuhan University"
792:
563:
3712:
3257:
3116:
1906:
1500:
781:
482:
114:
1214:
848:
430:
1361:
1340:
842:
422:
2813:
2589:
869:
the Gabonese government restricted internet access and media broadcasts from French news outlets, and a curfew was imposed.
1796:"Gabon: La taille du gouvernement rétrécie, un signal fort d'Ali Bongo Ondimba pour le respect des engagements de campagne"
1659:
1584:
1565:
1146:
2369:
1470:
1096:
689:
666:
said that Bongo would be replaced so that all candidates would be on an equal footing for the election, Interior Minister
1450:
3672:
3398:
3287:
3267:
1885:
809:
351:
140:
39:
3164:
1820:
2218:
930:
3554:
2013:
925:(OGAR) insurance company. Ădouard Valentin's wife Evelyne works in the secretariat of the presidency, and Ădouard is
1603:"The Parisian treasures of African tyrants: French government may seize mansions and luxury cars of corrupt regimes"
630:
3762:
3446:
1396:
1124:
580:
533:
403:
184:
1075:
3757:
3747:
3697:
3631:
3549:
889:
510:
383:
301:
102:
3501:
3331:
3138:
2277:
948:
896:
323:
286:
3336:
1952:
663:
934:
3621:
3391:
3240:
701:
537:
247:
205:
98:
90:
2770:"Au Gabon, des militaires proclament l'annulation des Ă©lections aprĂšs l'annonce de la victoire d'Ali Bongo"
1270:
717:
667:
647:
614:
406:
from 1991 to 1999, and was the Minister of Defense from 1999 to 2009. After his father's death, he won the
169:
3667:
2101:"The bizarre and terrifying case of the "deepfake" video that helped bring an African nation to the brink"
830:
415:
3491:
3187:
2100:
3692:
3534:
2307:
877:
722:
672:
652:
426:
174:
939:
2524:"Albert Ondo Ossa surclasse Missambo et Barro Chambrier et devient le candidat unique de l'opposition"
3752:
3662:
3496:
3466:
3206:
918:
311:
94:
20:
1795:
1772:
1737:
1714:
1691:
1633:
1303:
692:. The opposition rejected the official results, and riots broke out in Gabon's second largest city,
498:
3595:
3346:
2709:
1675:
728:
78:
1738:"Gabon: Jean François Ndongou, Ministre de l'Intérieur assure l'intérim du ministre de la Défense"
3559:
3544:
3539:
3506:
3310:
3192:
2171:
762:
455:
379:
82:
55:
895:
The junta later announced the arrest and home detention of Bongo and his eldest son and adviser
776:
for an undisclosed illness. On 29 November 2018 Bongo was transferred to a military hospital in
750:
2185:
853:
In January 2018, both houses of the bicameral Gabonese parliament voted in favor of creating a
3486:
2492:
1634:"Gabon: Dix candidats dont une femme pour la candidature du PDG à la prochaine présidentielle"
1423:
1357:
1336:
1193:
1051:
933:(Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG). In 1994 Ali Bongo married his second wife, American
595:
478:
339:
290:
3084:
2250:
1520:
3641:
3575:
3529:
862:
854:
801:
697:
486:
1926:
738:
Ali Bongo Ondimba speaking at the Illegal Wildlife Trade Conference in London, October 2018
3580:
3476:
3171:
3120:
3063:
1913:
1802:
1779:
1744:
1721:
1698:
1692:"Gabon: Un nouveau Gouvernement à une quarantaine de jours de la présidentielle anticipée"
1663:
1640:
1607:
1588:
1569:
1550:
1527:
1504:
1477:
1454:
1403:
1380:
1310:
1131:
1082:
624:
544:
532:(the first election after the introduction of multiparty politics), he was elected to the
459:
86:
3461:
3321:
1543:
3056:
2928:"Qui est Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, le GĂ©nĂ©ral Ă la tĂȘte de la transition gabonaise?"
2679:"GABON: ALI BONGO RĂĂLU POUR UN 3E MANDAT, DES MILITAIRES VEULENT ANNULER LES RĂSULTATS"
1097:"Gabon's military coup has overthrown a powerful political dynasty. Here's what to know"
414:, in elections marred by numerous irregularities, arrests, human rights violations, and
3524:
3471:
3414:
1330:
826:
639:
433:
due to lack of transparency in the election process and established a junta called the
2466:
3656:
3451:
2898:"Gabon coup: Ali Bongo calls for help in video, says "I don't know what is going on""
2342:
885:
3202:
3113:
1497:
3603:
3481:
3456:
3223:
1222:
902:
780:
to continue recovery. On 9 December 2018 it was reported by Gabon's Vice President
743:
709:
635:
575:
555:
525:
235:
19:
This article is about the former President of Gabon. For the British magician, see
2983:
2868:"Gabon: President Ali Bongo under house arrest, according to military putschists"
2803:
2644:"Internet blackout continues in Gabon amid delays in release of election results"
2585:
2553:
Obangome, Gerauds Wilfried; Prentice, Alessandra; Craft, Diane (18 August 2023).
1417:
528:. He was considered a reformist within the ruling PDG in the early 1990s. In the
1656:
1581:
1562:
693:
451:
282:
3326:
3250:
2840:
2613:"Gabon elections: Government cuts internet, imposes curfew amid voting delays"
2555:"Gabon's main opposition parties choose joint candidate for presidential vote"
2223:
2161:
1447:
786:
754:
466:
399:
387:
346:
128:
1055:
1044:"Gabon military officers declare coup after Ali Bongo wins disputed election"
797:
1244:
1076:
Gabon army claims overthrow of 56-year-old political dynasty after election
1352:
Gardinier, David E. (1997) "Gabon: Limited Reform and Regime Survival" in
951:, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongoâwhom he and Sylvia adopted in 2002.
394:
from 1967 until his death in 2009. During his father's presidency, he was
2773:
1304:"Gabon: Le PDG explique le choix du candidat Ali Bongo Ondimba (Encadré)"
947:
He has four childrenâone daughter, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and three sons,
3585:
3174:. Saharanvibe.blogspot.com (10 September 2009). Retrieved 4 April 2014.
2190:
2166:
1521:"Gabon : Le président Omar Bongo Ondimba remanie son gouvernement"
509:
After graduating from his law course, he entered politics, joining the
3279:
2958:"Gabon's military says ex-president Ali Bongo 'free' to travel abroad"
2682:
1016:
773:
463:
2740:"Gabon military officers claim to have seized power after election"
2251:"Gabon's government quashes coup attempt, killing 2, officials say"
2131:"Gabon's Ali Bongo makes first live public appearance after stroke"
1953:"Top govt officials visit 'recovering' Gabon president in Morocco"
1017:"Africa Intelligence : l'information exclusive sur l'Afrique"
777:
733:
679:
613:
549:
391:
3383:
2186:"Back from medical leave, Gabon president appears in wheelchair"
490:
485:. In 2018, he received an honorary doctorate of law degree from
3387:
3283:
3006:"Gabon's ousted leader Bongo says renouncing politics for good"
2040:"'I am now fine': Ali Bongo tells Gabonese in New Year message"
921:, in 1989; she is the daughter of Ădouard Valentin, CEO of the
765:" and that "no Gabonese must be left by the side of the road".
2808:
2710:"Nach PrĂ€sidentschaftswahl: MilitĂ€r stĂŒrzt Regierung in Gabun"
2338:"Why many foreign companies are on the verge of leaving Gabon"
1416:
Political Risk Services (IBC USA (Publications) Inc.) (1998).
2404:"Will Gabon's presidential election be decided in one round?"
1884:. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 15 August 2012. Archived from
749:
In 2012, clashes between the supporters of opposition figure
3355:
2493:"Experts Say Last-Minute Change to Gabon Voting Rules Risky"
2162:"Gabon's Bongo in first live public appearance since stroke"
1907:"Gabon president says giving inheritance to country's youth"
1544:"Bongo's son appeals for calm as country goes into mourning"
1215:"Ali Bongo: Who is Gabon's president arrested in army coup?"
882:
Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
435:
Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
2434:"Gabon: Presidential term reduced from seven to five years"
598:
on 21 January 2006, while retaining the defense portfolio.
1983:"Gabon's Ali Bongo suffered a stroke, says vice-president"
2836:"Gabon soldiers say Bongo 'regime' ended, borders closed"
2586:"Gabon election: President Ali Bongo aims for third term"
2370:"Pandora Papers expose African leaders' offshore secrets"
1882:"Ten injured in clashes between Gabon opposition, police"
1821:"'Grand Theft Nation': Ali Bongo Goes to the White House"
618:
Hillary Clinton meets with Ali Bongo in Washington, 2010.
3165:
Saharan Vibe: Ali Ben Bongo Ondimba â A Succession Story
2070:"Ailing Gabon president has no 'body double': spokesman"
1773:"Gabon: Liste complĂšte du nouveau gouvernement gabonais"
1471:"L'etat-major du candidat Bongo Ondimba désormais connu"
684:
Bongo (third from left) with other state leaders in 2016
3134:"Gabon's First Lady Lives on Food Stamps in California"
1507:, National Assembly website (accessed 5 January 2009)
469:"Ondimba" in memory of Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.
2802:
Wright, George; Armstrong, Kathryn (30 August 2023).
829:
leak as having controlled two shell companies in the
601:
Bongo was re-elected to the National Assembly in the
2397:
2395:
1160:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016"
378:, is a Gabonese former politician who was the third
3594:
3568:
3515:
3437:
3421:
3081:"Dossier : les Français qui comptent au Gabon"
2619:. Libreville: Indiadotcom Digital Private Limited.
1419:
The ... Political Risk Yearbook: Sub-Saharan Africa
1397:"Africans mourn Jackson, but not without criticism"
1147:"Unrest as dictator's son declared winner in Gabon"
708:technocrats, although a few key ministers, such as
345:
333:
317:
307:
297:
262:
257:
241:
229:
211:
201:
182:
163:
147:
134:
122:
108:
72:
53:
30:
1125:"Bongo's son to be Gabon candidate in August poll"
917:Ali Bongo married his first wife, the French-born
568:Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon
731:(Communications Minister), retained their posts.
489:in China. In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he released a
3114:"Ali Bongo Ondimba : Biographie officielle"
2984:"Gabon coup: Can Gen Ngeuma usher in a new era?"
2804:"Gabon: Army officers say they are taking power"
1192:, (2018) 4th edition, Rowman & Littlefield,
808:On 7 January 2019, soldiers in Gabon launched a
421:On 30 August 2023, following the results of the
3109:
3107:
3025:
3023:
2014:"President Ali Bongo of Gabon down with stroke"
1676:"Ali Bongo Ondimba: I commit myself before you"
923:Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances
3033:. eDaily Kenya. 1 October 2015. Archived from
2253:. CBC News. Associated Press. 7 January 2019.
772:On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in
3399:
3295:
2584:Booty, Natasha; Ross, Will (26 August 2023).
2461:
2459:
2219:"The mystery around Gabon President's health"
1208:
1206:
1085:. Washington Post, Retrieved 30 August 2023.
8:
1852:"Obama meeting with Gabon leader criticized"
454:, as the son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later
3733:Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University alumni
1553:, Radio France Internationale, 9 June 2009.
1356:, ed. Clark and Gardinier, Westview Press,
522:Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
3406:
3392:
3384:
3302:
3288:
3280:
3212:
1188:Gardinier, David E. and Yates, Douglas A.
564:Higher Council of Islamic Affairs of Gabon
554:Ali Bongo with Indian Minister of Defence
477:Bongo was educated at a private school in
450:Ali Bongo was born Alain-Bernard Bongo in
38:
27:
2278:"Three reasons why the Gabon coup failed"
1325:
1323:
382:from 2009 to 2023. He is a member of the
159:25 January 1999 â 15 August 2009
68:16 October 2009 â 30 August 2023
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1142:
1140:
791:
629:
3031:"Gabon co-First Lady files for divorce"
1916:, Agence France-Presse, 17 August 2015.
1498:"Liste des Députés par Circonscription"
1271:"When the (pop) music stopped in Gabon"
960:
789:on several occasions since his stroke.
3637:
2797:
2795:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2440:. Agence France-Presse. 7 April 2023.
2174:from the original on 21 December 2021.
1615:from the original on 25 September 2015
1443:
1441:
1439:
1374:"A crowning glory for Michael Jackson"
1354:Political Reform in Francophone Africa
1120:
1118:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
481:, France, and then studied law at the
3688:Gabonese Democratic Party politicians
2080:from the original on 25 February 2021
1963:from the original on 15 February 2019
1862:from the original on 12 November 2020
1170:from the original on 14 December 2019
1149:, Associated Press, 3 September 2009.
1103:from the original on 2 September 2023
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
7:
3627:
3055:Robert, Anne-CĂ©cile (February 2006)
2611:Badgamia, Nishtha (27 August 2023).
2288:from the original on 13 January 2019
2276:Rupiya, Martin R. (9 January 2019).
2257:from the original on 12 January 2019
2111:from the original on 8 November 2020
1933:from the original on 5 December 2021
662:government. After Interim President
603:December 2006 parliamentary election
588:December 2001 parliamentary election
572:December 1996 parliamentary election
16:President of Gabon from 2009 to 2023
3203:GABON: Who will succeed Omar Bongo?
2938:from the original on 30 August 2023
2908:from the original on 30 August 2023
2878:from the original on 30 August 2023
2848:from the original on 30 August 2023
2816:from the original on 30 August 2023
2780:from the original on 30 August 2023
2750:from the original on 30 August 2023
2720:from the original on 30 August 2023
2689:from the original on 30 August 2023
2654:from the original on 29 August 2023
2623:from the original on 30 August 2023
2592:from the original on 30 August 2023
2565:from the original on 30 August 2023
2534:from the original on 30 August 2023
2503:from the original on 30 August 2023
2414:from the original on 31 August 2023
2380:from the original on 5 October 2021
2350:from the original on 16 August 2019
2141:from the original on 13 August 2020
2050:from the original on 7 January 2019
2020:from the original on 14 August 2020
1761:"Bongo sworn in as Gabon president"
1657:"Bongo son set for Gabon candidacy"
1530:, Infosplusgabon, 29 December 2007
1269:Adegoke, Yinka (4 September 2023).
416:post-election protests and violence
408:2009 Gabonese presidential election
3703:People named in the Pandora Papers
2473:from the original on 21 March 2021
2231:from the original on 20 April 2023
2198:from the original on 20 April 2023
1042:Beaumont, Peter (30 August 2023).
574:, a supporter of Defense Minister
429:ousted him from the presidency in
370:; 9 February 1959), also known as
14:
3723:21st-century Gabonese politicians
3718:20th-century Gabonese politicians
3146:from the original on 11 June 2011
2642:Tasamba, James (29 August 2023).
2444:from the original on 24 July 2023
2402:Le Bihan, Jeanne (3 April 2023).
2318:from the original on 1 April 2022
1831:from the original on 18 July 2022
1582:Bongo son set for Gabon candidacy
1332:Gabon: Beyond the Colonial Legacy
1213:Booty, Natasha (30 August 2023).
855:two-round electoral ballot system
3636:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3097:. Edouard Valentin (Assurances)
1601:Lichfield, John (12 July 2013).
1484:(bdpgabon.org), 13 October 2005
1095:Yeung, Jessie (31 August 2023).
931:Gabonese Employers Confederation
2522:Nsitou, Carl (18 August 2023).
1563:Gabon denies Omar Bongo's death
782:Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou
570:, CSAIG) in 1996. Prior to the
398:from 1989 to 1991, represented
115:Pierre-Claver Maganga Moussavou
3728:Gabonese expatriates in France
3360:Presidential standard of Gabon
3008:. France 24. 19 September 2024
1850:Jackson, David (9 June 2011).
1329:Barnes, James Franklin (1992)
1190:Historical Dictionary of Gabon
978:"Ali Ben Bongo, Monsieur Fils"
861:leading opposition candidate,
843:2023 Gabonese general election
742:On 9 June 2011, Ali Bongo and
562:Bongo became President of the
1:
3743:Politicians with disabilities
2934:(in French). 30 August 2023.
2217:Africanews (17 August 2019).
2012:adekunle (10 December 2018).
1387:, 13 February 1992, page D02.
3268:Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema
3193:2004 photograph of Ali Bongo
1805:, Gabonews, 18 October 2009
1782:, Gabonews, 17 October 2009
1448:List of governments of Gabon
927:Chargé des affaires sociales
888:colonels and members of the
458:) and Josephine Kama (later
352:Pantheon-Sorbonne University
213:Minister for Foreign Affairs
141:Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema
3231:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1819:Ross, Brian (8 June 2011).
1747:, Gabonews, 15 August 2009
1724:, Gabonews, 14 August 2009
837:2023 election and overthrow
821:In October 2021, Bongo was
606:vice-president of the PDG.
530:1990 parliamentary election
515:Parti DĂ©mocratique Gabonais
396:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3784:
3683:Foreign ministers of Gabon
3678:Defence ministers of Gabon
3188:Official site of Ali Bongo
3123:, Gaboneco, 9 August 2009.
846:
840:
796:Ondimba with US president
592:2005 presidential election
473:Education and music career
185:National Assembly of Gabon
18:
3738:Lawyers with disabilities
3612:
3367:
3353:
3317:
3264:
3255:
3247:
3237:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3070:. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
1701:, Gabonews, 23 July 2009
1666:, BBC News, 16 July 2009.
1313:, Gabonews, 19 July 2009
984:(in French). 17 June 2009
849:2023 Gabonese coup d'Ă©tat
727:(Interior Minister), and
511:Gabonese Democratic Party
423:Gabonese general election
384:Gabonese Democratic Party
357:
253:
218:
190:
152:
103:Alain Claude Bilie By Nze
61:
49:
37:
3708:Leaders ousted by a coup
3555:Ernesto PĂ©rez Balladares
3516:Former heads of state or
3502:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
3332:Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge
3170:25 February 2021 at the
3119:26 February 2012 at the
3062:25 February 2021 at the
2986:. BBC. 14 September 2023
2410:. Groupe Jeune Afrique.
1927:"Gabon â Vue d'ensemble"
1643:, Gabonews, 5 July 2009
1453:21 November 2008 at the
1422:. Frost & Sullivan.
1402:17 December 2013 at the
949:Noureddin Bongo Valentin
897:Noureddin Bongo Valentin
746:met at the White House.
287:French Equatorial Africa
3768:People from Brazzaville
3241:Pascaline Bongo Ondimba
1801:8 December 2013 at the
1778:21 October 2009 at the
1763:, AFP, 16 October 2009.
1662:5 November 2020 at the
1587:5 November 2020 at the
1568:7 November 2020 at the
1130:31 January 2014 at the
935:Inge Lynn Collins Bongo
753:and police occurred in
610:Election and presidency
390:, who was president of
248:Pascaline Bongo Ondimba
118:Rose Christiane Raponda
99:Rose Christiane Raponda
91:Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
3713:Children of presidents
3361:
3209:News, 11 February 2005
2160:AFP (16 August 2019).
1743:16 August 2009 at the
1720:16 August 2009 at the
1549:8 January 2019 at the
1081:30 August 2023 at the
831:British Virgin Islands
805:
739:
685:
643:
619:
559:
536:as a PDG candidate in
514:
505:Early political career
410:. He was reelected in
3535:Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
3359:
3337:Rose Francine Rogombé
3068:Le Monde diplomatique
1385:Philadelphia Inquirer
1379:15 March 2012 at the
795:
737:
718:Jean-François Ndongou
683:
668:Jean-François Ndongou
664:Rose Francine Rogombé
648:AngĂšle Christine Ondo
633:
617:
553:
441:Early life and career
170:Jean-François Ndongou
3518:government mentioned
3497:Denis Sassou Nguesso
3440:government mentioned
3142:. 8 September 2009.
2314:. 26 November 2019.
1912:18 July 2022 at the
1697:26 July 2009 at the
1591:. BBC. 16 July 2009.
1503:3 April 2009 at the
1476:16 July 2011 at the
1406:, AFP, 26 June 2009.
1309:22 July 2009 at the
1134:, AFP, 16 July 2009.
690:Constitutional Court
581:Jean-Boniface Assélé
538:Haut-Ogooué Province
337:Presidential Palace
206:Haut-Ogooué Province
95:Julien Nkoghe Bekale
21:Ali Bongo (magician)
3673:Presidents of Gabon
3311:Presidents of Gabon
3101:. 22 December 2007.
3087:on 26 February 2012
3037:on 28 November 2020
2282:Mail & Guardian
2194:. 15 January 2019.
1959:. 5 December 2018.
1639:8 July 2009 at the
1526:27 May 2009 at the
1021:Africa Intelligence
878:Presidential Palace
810:coup d'etat attempt
729:Laure Olga Gondjout
642:at a summit in 2014
402:as a deputy in the
386:. He is the son of
368:Alain-Bernard Bongo
267:Alain-Bernard Bongo
148:Minister of Defense
3560:Juan Carlos Varela
3545:Ricardo Martinelli
3540:Porfirio Lobo Sosa
3507:Volodymyr Zelensky
3438:Heads of state or
3362:
3258:President of Gabon
3216:Political offices
3057:MĂ©lange des genres
2964:. 7 September 2023
2904:. 30 August 2023.
2874:. 30 August 2023.
2844:. 30 August 2023.
2776:. 30 August 2023.
2746:. 30 August 2023.
2685:. 30 August 2023.
2499:. 24 August 2023.
2376:. 4 October 2021.
2346:. 17 August 2019.
2137:. 16 August 2019.
2074:digitaljournal.com
2046:. 1 January 2019.
1987:businesslive.co.za
1572:. BBC. 8 June 2009
1335:, Westview Press,
1225:on 1 November 2021
1200:, pp. 80–83.
806:
804:on 2 November 2021
800:and DRC president
763:Omar Bongo Ondimba
740:
686:
644:
620:
560:
558:in New Delhi, 2007
456:Omar Bongo Ondimba
380:president of Gabon
83:Raymond Ndong Sima
56:President of Gabon
3763:Converts to Islam
3650:
3649:
3487:Ali Bongo Ondimba
3381:
3380:
3278:
3277:
3265:Succeeded by
3238:Succeeded by
2708:Diekhans, Antje.
2408:The Africa Report
596:Minister of State
534:National Assembly
479:Neuilly-sur-Seine
404:National Assembly
364:Ali Bongo Ondimba
361:
360:
340:Libreville, Gabon
291:Congo-Brazzaville
3775:
3758:Gabonese Muslims
3748:Wheelchair users
3698:Gabonese lawyers
3640:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3576:Claudia Schiffer
3492:Sebastiån Piñera
3408:
3401:
3394:
3385:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3281:
3273:
3248:Preceded by
3221:Preceded by
3213:
3175:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3130:
3124:
3111:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3083:. Archived from
3077:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2675:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2467:"Gabon Overview"
2463:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2308:"Breaking Bongo"
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2076:. 7 March 2019.
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1993:on 10 April 2019
1989:. Archived from
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1598:
1592:
1579:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1413:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1371:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1221:. Archived from
1210:
1201:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1135:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1013:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
943:
890:Republican Guard
863:Albert Ondo Ossa
802:Felix Tshisekedi
726:
714:Foreign Minister
698:Paul Biyoghe Mba
676:
656:
487:Wuhan University
280:
276:
274:
258:Personal details
244:
232:
223:
195:
178:
166:
157:
137:
125:
111:
79:Paul Biyoghé Mba
75:
66:
42:
28:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3608:
3590:
3581:Monica Bellucci
3564:
3550:Andrés Pastrana
3517:
3511:
3477:Guillermo Lasso
3439:
3433:
3417:
3412:
3382:
3377:
3363:
3351:
3313:
3308:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3261:
3253:
3243:
3234:
3226:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3172:Wayback Machine
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3121:Wayback Machine
3112:
3105:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3064:Wayback Machine
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2932:Cameroun Actuel
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2677:
2676:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1914:Wayback Machine
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1888:on 7 April 2014
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:Wayback Machine
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:Wayback Machine
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:Wayback Machine
1736:
1732:
1725:
1722:Wayback Machine
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:Wayback Machine
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1664:Wayback Machine
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1608:The Independent
1600:
1599:
1595:
1589:Wayback Machine
1580:
1576:
1570:Wayback Machine
1561:
1557:
1551:Wayback Machine
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:Wayback Machine
1519:
1515:
1508:
1505:Wayback Machine
1496:
1492:
1485:
1478:Wayback Machine
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:Wayback Machine
1446:
1437:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1404:Wayback Machine
1395:
1391:
1381:Wayback Machine
1372:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1311:Wayback Machine
1302:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1132:Wayback Machine
1123:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1083:Wayback Machine
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1014:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
962:
957:
937:
919:Sylvia Valentin
915:
851:
845:
839:
751:André Mba Obame
720:
670:
650:
612:
545:Michael Jackson
507:
495:A Brand New Man
475:
460:Patience Dabany
448:
443:
338:
328:
326:
322:
312:Sylvia Valentin
298:Political party
281:
278:
277:9 February 1959
272:
270:
269:
268:
242:
230:
224:
219:
196:
191:
172:
164:
158:
153:
135:
123:
117:
109:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:Daniel Ona Ondo
85:
81:
73:
67:
62:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3634:
3624:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Horacio Cartes
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Uhuru Kenyatta
3469:
3467:Milo ÄukanoviÄ
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:Pandora Papers
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3272:(Transitional)
3266:
3263:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3217:
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847:Main article:
841:Main article:
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827:Pandora Papers
702:Prime Minister
640:Michelle Obama
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1249:en.whu.edu.cn
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431:a coup d'Ă©tat
428:
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385:
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376:Ali Ben Bongo
373:
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279:(age 65)
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
71:
65:
60:
57:
52:
48:
44:Bongo in 2022
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3693:Bongo family
3604:Elvis Stojko
3596:Pro athletes
3569:Entertainers
3482:Najib Mikati
3462:Andrej BabiĆĄ
3457:Ilham Aliyev
3347:Brice Oligui
3341:
3256:
3229:
3224:Martin Bongo
3196:
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3137:
3128:
3098:
3089:. Retrieved
3085:the original
3075:
3067:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3012:19 September
3010:. Retrieved
3000:
2990:14 September
2988:. Retrieved
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2961:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2901:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2871:
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2839:
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2807:
2782:. Retrieved
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2713:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2656:. Retrieved
2647:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2616:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2588:. BBC News.
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2558:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2527:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2496:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2446:. Retrieved
2437:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2407:
2382:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2341:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2312:WNYC Studios
2311:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2281:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2222:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2189:
2180:
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2105:Mother Jones
2104:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:the original
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1921:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1886:the original
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1855:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1791:
1768:
1756:
1733:
1710:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1652:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1606:
1596:
1577:
1558:
1539:
1516:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1418:
1411:
1392:
1384:
1369:
1353:
1348:
1331:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1189:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1105:. Retrieved
1090:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1048:The Guardian
1047:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1020:
986:. Retrieved
981:
946:
926:
916:
907:
903:Brice Oligui
901:
894:
875:
871:
867:
859:
852:
820:
817:
814:
807:
771:
767:
759:
748:
744:Barack Obama
741:
710:Paul Toungui
706:
687:
660:
645:
621:
600:
585:
576:Idriss Ngari
567:
561:
556:A. K. Antony
542:
526:Martin Bongo
524:, replacing
519:
508:
494:
476:
449:
420:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
334:Residence(s)
243:Succeeded by
236:Martin Bongo
220:
202:Constituency
192:
165:Succeeded by
154:
136:Succeeded by
63:
25:
3753:Teke people
3663:1959 births
3447:Abdullah II
3422:Main topics
2968:7 September
1866:22 November
1835:22 November
1807:(in French)
1784:(in French)
1749:(in French)
1726:(in French)
1703:(in French)
1645:(in French)
1619:1 September
1532:(in French)
1509:(in French)
1486:(in French)
1459:(in French)
1315:(in French)
1280:6 September
1107:1 September
1023:(in French)
982:Le Monde.fr
938: [
721: [
694:Port-Gentil
671: [
651: [
634:Bongo with
452:Brazzaville
283:Brazzaville
231:Preceded by
173: [
124:Preceded by
3657:Categories
3632:Multimedia
3327:Omar Bongo
3262:2009â2023
3251:Omar Bongo
3235:1989â1991
3150:8 November
2962:Al Jazeera
2902:Africanews
2872:Africanews
2841:Africanews
2438:Africanews
2292:12 January
2261:12 January
2224:Africanews
2145:9 December
2135:Al Jazeera
2115:26 October
2054:13 January
2044:Africanews
1957:Africanews
1937:5 December
1457:, IZF.net
1362:0813327865
1341:081330430X
1254:31 October
1229:26 January
1061:30 October
1027:30 October
988:30 October
955:References
787:wheelchair
755:Libreville
547:to Gabon.
467:patronymic
400:Bongoville
388:Omar Bongo
347:Alma mater
273:1959-02-09
129:Omar Bongo
3342:Ali Bongo
3322:LĂ©on M'ba
3091:17 August
3041:31 August
2942:30 August
2912:30 August
2882:30 August
2852:30 August
2820:30 August
2784:30 August
2754:30 August
2724:30 August
2693:30 August
2658:29 August
2627:30 August
2596:30 August
2569:30 August
2538:30 August
2507:30 August
2497:AllAfrica
2477:30 August
2448:31 August
2418:30 August
2384:5 October
2354:16 August
2322:1 January
2024:7 January
1997:7 January
1967:7 January
1892:7 January
1856:USA Today
1364:, p. 153.
1164:state.gov
1056:0261-3077
798:Joe Biden
625:Pascaline
513:(French:
372:Ali Bongo
324:Noureddin
225:1989â1991
221:In office
197:1990â2009
193:In office
155:In office
64:In office
32:Ali Bongo
3622:Category
3374:military
3168:Archived
3144:Archived
3139:ABC News
3117:Archived
3060:Archived
2936:Archived
2906:Archived
2876:Archived
2846:Archived
2814:Archived
2778:Archived
2774:Le Monde
2748:Archived
2718:Archived
2687:Archived
2652:Archived
2621:Archived
2590:Archived
2563:Archived
2532:Archived
2501:Archived
2471:Archived
2442:Archived
2412:Archived
2378:Archived
2348:Archived
2316:Archived
2286:Archived
2255:Archived
2235:20 April
2229:Archived
2202:20 April
2196:Archived
2172:Archived
2139:Archived
2109:Archived
2078:Archived
2048:Archived
2018:Archived
1961:Archived
1931:Archived
1910:Archived
1860:Archived
1829:Archived
1825:ABC News
1799:Archived
1776:Archived
1741:Archived
1718:Archived
1695:Archived
1660:Archived
1637:Archived
1613:Archived
1585:Archived
1566:Archived
1547:Archived
1524:Archived
1501:Archived
1474:Archived
1451:Archived
1400:Archived
1377:Archived
1343:, p. 57.
1307:Archived
1219:BBC News
1168:Archived
1128:Archived
1101:Archived
1079:Archived
483:Sorbonne
427:military
318:Children
3586:Shakira
2559:Reuters
2191:Reuters
2167:YouTube
1482:L'Union
1174:11 July
1099:. CNN.
929:at the
825:in the
586:In the
493:album,
3642:Quotes
3429:People
3371:acting
2084:27 May
1426:
1360:
1339:
1196:
1054:
913:Family
774:Riyadh
636:Barack
464:Obamba
425:, the
366:(born
321:Malika
308:Spouse
942:]
823:named
778:Rabat
725:]
675:]
655:]
446:Birth
392:Gabon
329:Bilal
327:Jalil
289:(now
177:]
3207:IRIN
3152:2010
3093:2009
3043:2016
3014:2024
2992:2023
2970:2023
2944:2023
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