1651:, the bailli of the Venetian community in the Holy Land offered naval support to the coalition. Conrad reached the age of majority on 25 April 1243. The members of the High Court approached Philip of Novara, a noted jurist, for a legal opinion, and he concluded that Frederick could no longer administer the Kingdom of Jerusalem on his son's behalf. Novara also argued that Alice and her husband were entitled to rule the kingdom as regent for the absent Conrad because she was his closest relative who lived in the Holy Land. The members of the High Court, the representatives of the clergy, the Military Orders and the Italian communities held a joint assembly where Alice and Ralph of Nesle were proclaimed regents on 5 June. She agreed that Balian of Ibelin and Philip of Montfort would keep all royal castles in the kingdom.
1553:
but John refused, stating that the revenue had been paid to Alice. Frederick dismissed Ibelin and forced Henry to swear fealty to him. He also demanded an oath of fealty from the
Cypriote noblemen, but they were only willing to submit to him as their king's overlord, declaring that they only owed fealty to Alice who served as regent to their king. Frederick made Aimery Barlais, Gavin of Chenichy, Amaury of Beisan, Hugh of Gibelet and William of Rivet baillis of Cyprus without Alice's consent before departing for Italy in May 1229. Duke
1471:
1372:
38:
1412:, to protect Alice and her children against "certain men inspired with wicked fervour", suggesting that Alice faced some opposition at the beginning of her regency. Her regency set a precedent, for no queen mothers had previously assumed regency for an underage son in Jerusalem or Cyprus, but the appointment of her uncle as the actual governor indicates a deep-seated aversion to female rulers.
2918:
1322:. Blanche paid part of her niece's dowry to ensure that she would stay in Cyprus rather than attempt to lay claim to Champagne and Brie. To strengthen her son's position, Blanche also persuaded Philip II of France in 1209 to promise that he would not allow anyone to challenge Theobald IV's right to the two counties before Theobald reached the age of majority.
1654:
Frederick's troops were expelled from Tyre in mid-July. Ralph of Nesle sought to retain control of the town, but was rejected by Ibelin and
Montfort. Ibelin and Montfort also refused to transfer Acre to him and Alice, causing Nesle to depart the Holy Land in anger, stating that he was only a "shadow”
1552:
When Philip of Ibelin died in 1227, the High Court appointed his brother, John of Ibelin, as bailli without consulting the
Emperor or Alice. Frederick departed for Cyprus, landing at Limassol on 21 July 1228. Upon arriving, he ordered John of Ibelin to account for the administration of royal revenue,
1581:
When her son reached the age of majority on 3 May 1232, Alice abdicated from her regency, which she had retained despite having left Cyprus. She went to France to personally advance her claim for
Champagne and Brie in 1233, but only one local nobleman, Renier II of Nogent, supported her. Theobald IV
1490:
to inquire into the legality of the marriage, probably on the request of
Cypriote barons who did not want her new husband to intervene in the government of Cyprus. Alice, who continued to regard herself as regent, was planning to appoint Bohemond as bailli, but the Cypriote barons resisted her plan,
1415:
In 1218, Alice's brother-in-law Erard of
Ramerupt renounced his wife's claim to Champagne in return for compensation, even promising to support Theobald IV against Alice. This led Alice to send envoys to Champagne, prompting her aunt Blanche to make a complaint against her at the Holy See on 23 June
1573:
declaring that Conrad had forfeited his right to the kingdom as he had failed to personally take possession of it within a year and a day of the death of his mother, as required by a local law regarding fiefs inherited by a non resident heir. The members of the High Court, who had recently pledged
1433:
in the four
Catholic dioceses. The compromise also included obligating the Cypriote aristocrats to pay a tithe for the maintencance of the Latin hierarchy, which they opposed. On the other hand, the Holy See demanded that the estates the nobles had seized from the Orthodox Church be transferred to
1358:
at the Pope's order concluded that both
Humphrey and Isabella had protested against the annulment of their marriage, implying that her two subsequent marriages were void. If the inquiry had been completed, Queen Maria, Alice and Philippa could have lost their claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, for
1589:
At
Theobald's request, Pope Gregory urged Alice to come to Rome, because the legitimacy of her parents' marriage was to be investigated. Alice refused to appear before the papal tribunal, but concluded a treaty with Theobald in September 1234, renouncing her claim to Champagne and Brie for 40,000
1674:
from her. Despite these exercises of royal power, she also stated before
Marsilio Zorzi, who demanded the confirmation of the rights of the Venetian commune in Tyre, that she could not restore rights that had been withdrawn by a monarch because "she was not the lawful ruler of the kingdom". When
419:
who was about half of her age at the time. The High Court of Jerusalem proclaimed Alice and her husband regents for Conrad in 1243, but their power was only nominal. Raoul of Nesle left the kingdom, and Alice, before the end of the year. Alice retained the regency until her death in 1246.
1447:, constable of Champagne, spread in France in 1223. In August that year, Pope Honorius forbade the marriage at Theobald IV's behest, emphasizing that Alice and William were closely related. According to the "Chronicle of the Holy Land" section of the
547:, as her fourth husband. Although Alice and Philippa survived their father, the French king Philip II invested their uncle, Theobald III, with Champagne and Brie in January 1198. Theobald III died on 24 May 1201, leaving the two counties to his
1499:—the supreme tribunal in the kingdom—ruled that Alice could not replace Philip of Ibelin who had been made bailli for the duration of her son's minority. Barlais left the island to join Alice, while his supporter Gavin of Chenichy visited
1453:, Alice "spent the revenues of the kingdom liberally", resulting in conflict with Philip of Ibelin. She furiously accused Ibelin of disrespecting her wishes and voluntarily retired from Cyprus in 1224. She settled in either Tripoli or
1428:
in Pelagius's presence in October 1220. On her demand, the Orthodox priests were exempted from taxation, and she also prevented the abolition of the Orthodox hierarchy on the island, as the Pope permitted the appointment of Orthodox
1424:. Either under the influence of her Byzantine grandmother, or for political considerations, Alice protected the interests of the Orthodox clergy. She achieved a compromise at an assembly of the Cypriote aristocrats and Catholic
411:
rejected her claim. When her son reached the age of majority in 1232, Alice abdicated her regency and departed for France to claim Champagne and Brie. She subsequently renounced her claim and returned to the Holy Land.
1314:, Aimery of Lusignan's eldest surviving son and successor, in accordance with the agreement their fathers had reached. Since the marriage of Alice's mother and Hugh I's father made them step-siblings, a special
1349:
to demand an investigation into the validity of the second and third marriage of Alice's and Philippa's mother, stating that her first marriage to Humphrey of Toron had not been annulled in accordance with
1548:
in summer 1227 intending to meet Frederick, but illness prevented Frederick from departing Italy. Alice and Bohemond's marriage was subsequently annulled but the circumstances of the process are unknown.
523:
Henry married Isabella in May 1192 and assumed power in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, although he was never crowned king. They had two children who survived childhood: Alice, and her younger sister
2952:
496:, Isabella had a strong claim to rule the remnants of the kingdom along with her new husband. Their joint rule did not last long for Conrad was murdered by two members of the
2557:
2857:
1400:
suggests that Alice acted independently. Finally, a papal letter of February 1226 states that the Cypriote nobles, barons, knights, and people elected Ibelin as bailli.
2802:
1540:) to investigate the marriage of Alice and Bohemond, accusing Eustorgius of partiality in the couple's favour. Honorius III's decision was confirmed by his successor,
1363:. Probably to avoid such undesirable political consequences, as the historian Bernard Hamilton notes, the investigation was not "pursued with any degree of rigour".
1578:, Italy, requesting that he send Conrad to the Holy Land within a year and a day. Frederick informed the envoys in May 1230 that he would do what he thought best.
1670:: she annulled grants and appointments that Frederick had made after the death of Queen Isabella II, and Philipp of Novara received a money-fief of 1,000
872:
560:
3007:
1325:
Alice and Hugh I married in the first half of 1210, with Alice receiving the County of Jaffa as the agreed upon dowry. They had two daughters,
768:
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575:
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1219. Alice entered into negotiations with Pelagius about the status of the Church in Cyprus where the native Greek population adhered to the
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fealty to Conrad's father, rejected Alice's claim, emphasizing that Conrad was a minor. However, they sent their envoys to Frederick in
341:
531:, the lord of Cyprus, agreed that Aimery's eldest surviving son was to marry Henry's eldest surviving daughter, and Henry promised the
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1342:
1526:
before she departed for Italy to meet Frederick in 1225. Frederick persuaded the dying Pope Honorius to delegate two new judges (the
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1315:
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583:
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Alice died in 1246, her son, Henry of Cyprus, succeeded her as regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem although her younger half-sister
1387:
775:
2588:
1636:
517:
476:
for their rescue, but the city of Jerusalem remained in Muslim hands. Isabella's first marriage with the Jerusalemite aristocrat
404:
117:
2582:
1659:
to administer the kingdom on Conrad's behalf, but Thomas was prevented from landing in the kingdom, instead disembarking in the
1518:
of the eight-year-old Henry without the Emperor's consent in 1225, drawing Frederick's ire. The marriage of Frederick and Queen
2947:
2882:
2788:
1500:
2661:
1522:, daughter and successor of Alice's half-sister Maria, had been decided in 1223. Alice attended the coronation of Isabella in
2967:
1534:
281:
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219:
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271:
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574:, Isabella's fourteen-year-old daughter with Conrad of Montferrat, ascended the throne while Isabella's half-brother,
182:
154:
2992:
2563:
1666:
Jerusalem became a "sort of feudal republic" administered by the most powerful barons. Alice nonetheless exercised
1600:. In the agreement with Theobald, she also stated that she would not erect fortresses in her estates in Champagne.
2645:. A History of the Crusades. Vol. II (Second ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 522–554.
1557:
declared that he wanted to marry Alice, but this was refused on 29 May by Pope Gregory because of consanguinity.
865:
1603:
Alice returned to the Holy Land in 1233. She probably renounced the County of Jaffa in favor of her son-in-law,
2852:
1565:
In autumn 1229, Alice arrived in Acre, whereupon she laid claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the infant
1519:
1144:
1032:
552:
396:
356:
1514:
had sent the royal crown to Aimery of Lusignan. On Philip of Ibelin's initiative, the High Court arranged the
363:
never acknowledged her claim. After a dispute with Philip of Ibelin, she left the island in 1223. She married
1611:, in the same year, because Walter was styled Count of Jaffa from there on. Alice (who was about 46) married
2982:
2827:
2725:
2718:
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1444:
1360:
1137:
835:
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Aimery died on 1 April 1205 and was followed by Alice's mother, Queen Isabella, before the end of the year.
457:
429:
408:
372:
317:
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243:
69:
51:
1487:
508:, Henry was an ideal candidate. Before joining the Third Crusade, he had bequeathed his French counties of
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1251:
215:
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1676:
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433:
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321:
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2937:
2847:
2842:
1604:
1440:, as it neither freed the noblemen from the tithe nor prescribed the restoration of Church property.
1386:
on 10 January 1218, Alice assumed the regency for their infant son, Henry I, and installed her uncle
1355:
1165:
828:
716:
609:
563:, who was the child's mother. Theobald IV's position was not secure because Alice and Philippa, both
543:
on 10 September 1197. A month later, his widow chose Aimery, who had recently been crowned the first
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in 1192. Urged by her subjects, the widowed Isabella quickly agreed to remarry. As a nephew of both
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saying that Bohemond would probably mistreat their young king. Alice then offered the office to
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106:
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Alice began seeking contacts within her father's counties in France to bolster her claim to
325:
172:
1627:
In 1242, the citizens of Tyre offered the barons opposed to Frederick's rule in Jerusalem (
2867:
2780:
2685:
1541:
1492:
1390:
as bailli. The administration of the kingdom was, according to the contemporaneous lawyer
1273:
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453:
360:
329:
293:
336:. After her husband's death in 1218, she assumed the regency for their infant son, King
2632:
1648:
1632:
1592:
578:, assumed the regency for the young queen. As Maria's eldest half-sister, Alice became
548:
544:
513:
352:
258:
2931:
1640:
1523:
1504:
1483:
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384:
368:
1615:, a man in his twenties who had come to the Holy Land during her cousin Theobald's
1405:
1655:
ruler in the kingdom. Frederick refused to acknowledge Alice as regent and sent
1417:
1341:, who laid claim to Champagne and Brie on Philippa's behalf in 1213, leading to
540:
43:
2917:
1515:
2606:
Hamilton, Bernard (2016). "Queen Alice of Cyprus". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.).
2667:
1351:
388:
1510:
Emperor Frederick II regarded himself as overlord of Cyprus. as his father
1359:
children born to parents whose marriage was declared void were regarded as
1310:
Maria Komnene conducted the negotiations for the marriage of Alice to King
2640:
1394:, arranged by Hugh I on his deathbed. Another contemporaneous source, the
582:, and she was placed under the guardianship of their maternal grandmother
19:"Queen Alice" redirects here. For the wife of King Henry I of Cyprus, see
1545:
1346:
485:
481:
391:. In 1229, she laid claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the infant
380:
136:
2692:. A History of the Crusades. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press.
2631:
Hardwicke, Mary Nickerson (1969) . "The Crusader States, 1192–1243". In
567:, could challenge their uncle's posthumous son's claim to his counties.
1671:
1425:
556:
449:
250:
1569:, son and successor of her niece Isabella II. She appeared before the
344:
became the actual head of state administration as bailli (governor).
1575:
1396:
539:. Henry died unexpectedly when he fell from a tower in his palace in
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309:
37:
1434:
Catholic clerics. A new agreement, reached in 1222, sanctioned the
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in 1100 but it was nearly annihilated by the Egyptian sultan
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Genealogy of the ruling houses of Jerusalem and Champagne
428:
Alice, born around 1193, was the eldest daughter of Queen
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1795:
1695:
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1691:
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to Antioch and Tripoli. Pope Honorius ordered Archbishop
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in preparation for her second marriage with an ambitious
316:
from 1243 to 1246. She was the eldest daughter of Queen
1717:, p. 84, Appendix III (Genealogical tree No. 1.).
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The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100–1300
440:
had been established by western European knights in
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30:
492:. As the only surviving child of her father, King
2953:13th-century people from the Kingdom of Jerusalem
2559:The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191–1374
1474:Crusader states in the middle of the 13th century
1596:and estates yielding a yearly income of 2,000
1478:Around late 1224 or early 1225, Alice married
324:. In 1210, Alice married her stepbrother King
2796:
1397:Chronicle of Ernoul and Bernard the Treasurer
464:—survived in a small strip along the eastern
8:
1582:of Champagne later captured the fortress of
387:—they were too closely related according to
1457:, but her children remained on the island.
1435:
407:) who was absent from the kingdom, but the
312:of Cyprus from 1218 to 1232, and regent of
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2690:The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
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1647:, who ruled Tyre on Frederick's behalf.
2812:Royal consorts of the Kingdom of Cyprus
2663:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
1729:, pp. 26, 71–74, 139–142, 151–155.
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452:in 1187–89. The kingdom and two other
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7:
1786:
1726:
1354:. The inquiry conducted by Cardinal
1337:. Alice's sister, Philippa, married
2666:. Routledge Companions to History.
1586:and confiscated Renier's estates.
14:
2898:Amadea Palaiologina of Montferrat
2614:The University of Wisconsin Press
565:born while their father was count
16:Queen of Cyprus from 1210 to 1218
2916:
2589:University of Pennsylvania Press
1544:. Alice and her husband came to
1503:, who had decided to launch the
1318:was needed. This was granted by
2883:Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
1501:Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
1443:Rumours that Alice would marry
520:, should he die without issue.
3008:Women from the Crusader states
1345:. Blanche soon approached the
282:Isabella I, Queen of Jerusalem
89:(absent from Cyprus from 1224)
1:
2642:The Later Crusades, 1189–1311
432:and her third husband, Count
301:
220:Bohemond V, Prince of Antioch
196:
2581:Evergates, Theodore (2007).
1607:, who married her daughter,
1528:Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
1495:, who was amenable, but the
395:(the son of her niece Queen
272:Henry II, Count of Champagne
207:1246 (aged 52–53)
2978:Daughters of queens regnant
1643:) their assistance against
3024:
2963:13th-century women regents
2564:Cambridge University Press
2556:Edbury, Peter W. (1994) .
1679:also claimed the regency.
18:
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379:, but their marriage was
340:, but her maternal uncle
35:
3003:Remarried queens consort
2988:Queens consort of Cyprus
2853:Isabella, Lady of Beirut
2639:; Hazard, Harry (eds.).
2612:. The Routledge Worlds.
1753:, pp. 30–32, 64–65.
1520:Isabella II of Jerusalem
1145:Isabella II of Jerusalem
1033:Theobald IV of Champagne
444:in the aftermath of the
397:Isabella II of Jerusalem
2828:Isabella I of Jerusalem
2726:Queen consort of Cyprus
2719:Isabella I of Jerusalem
1571:High Court of Jerusalem
1445:William II of Dampierre
1138:Frederick II of Germany
836:Isabella I of Jerusalem
458:Principality of Antioch
430:Isabella I of Jerusalem
409:High Court of Jerusalem
373:Principality of Antioch
318:Isabella I of Jerusalem
306:queen consort of Cyprus
244:Henry I, King of Cyprus
70:Isabella I of Jerusalem
52:Queen consort of Cyprus
2948:13th century in Cyprus
1475:
1436:
1379:
1252:Conrad II of Jerusalem
297:
216:Hugh I, King of Cyprus
2968:Cypriot queen mothers
1488:Eustorgius of Nicosia
1473:
1422:local Orthodox Church
1382:After Hugh I died in
1375:Coin of Alice's son,
1374:
1019:Philippa of Champagne
857:Henry II of Champagne
434:Henry II of Champagne
415:In 1240, she married
322:Henry II of Champagne
304:1193 – 1246) was the
2998:Regents of Jerusalem
2958:13th-century regents
2893:Charlotte of Bourbon
2848:Plaisance of Antioch
2843:Stephanie of Lampron
2660:Lock, Peter (2006).
2616:. pp. 225–240.
2542:, pp. 223, 230.
2333:, pp. 177, 195.
2298:, pp. 183, 192.
2082:, pp. 231, 235.
1765:, pp. 225, 227.
1605:Walter IV of Brienne
1166:Walter IV of Brienne
829:Conrad of Montferrat
717:Henry I of Champagne
610:Amalric of Jerusalem
502:Richard I of England
494:Amalric of Jerusalem
490:Conrad of Montferrat
478:Humphrey IV of Toron
472:, proclaimed by the
438:Kingdom of Jerusalem
355:against her cousin,
118:Emperor Frederick II
2903:Helena Palaiologina
2863:Constance of Sicily
2838:Alice of Montferrat
2736:Alice of Montferrat
2587:. The Middle Ages.
2515:, pp. 237–238.
2396:, pp. 235–236.
2210:, pp. 232–233.
2141:, pp. 231–232.
1830:, pp. 225–226.
1555:Peter I of Brittany
1507:for the Holy Land.
1450:Gestes des Chiprois
506:Philip II of France
308:from 1210 to 1218,
113:Regent of Jerusalem
80:Alice of Montferrat
42:Alice's arrival at
21:Alice of Montferrat
2973:Daughters of kings
2878:Valentina Visconti
2858:Isabella of Ibelin
2833:Alice of Champagne
2756:Aimery of Lusignan
2752:Title last held by
2633:Setton, Kenneth M.
2609:The Crusader World
1789:, pp. 75, 78.
1668:royal prerogatives
1645:Richard Filangieri
1637:Philip of Montfort
1531:Gerold of Lausanne
1476:
1380:
1285:Hugh III of Cyprus
1173:Isabella of Cyprus
1012:Alice of Champagne
998:Maria of Jerusalem
873:Blanche of Navarre
561:Blanche of Navarre
529:Aimery of Lusignan
401:Holy Roman Emperor
290:Alice of Champagne
173:Aimery of Lusignan
31:Alice of Champagne
2993:Regents of Cyprus
2925:
2924:
2908:Catherine Cornaro
2888:Anglesia Visconti
2873:Eleanor of Aragon
2823:Eschiva of Ibelin
2779:
2778:
2773:Walter of Brienne
2770:Succeeded by
2763:Countess of Jaffa
2733:Succeeded by
2699:978-0-521-06163-6
2677:978-0-415-39312-6
2652:978-0-299-04844-0
2637:Wolff, Robert Lee
2623:978-0-415-82494-1
2598:978-0-8122-4019-1
2573:978-0-521-45837-5
1777:, pp. 65–66.
1741:, pp. 26–28.
1661:County of Tripoli
1431:suffragan bishops
1402:Pope Honorius III
1377:Henry I of Cyprus
1356:Robert of Courçon
1339:Erard of Ramerupt
1320:Pope Innocent III
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1263:Hugh II of Cyprus
1152:Henry I of Cyprus
1026:Erard of Ramerupt
468:coast due to the
462:County of Tripoli
377:County of Tripoli
287:
286:
183:Walter of Brienne
155:Countess of Jaffa
120:
90:
3015:
2920:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2716:Preceded by
2708:
2703:
2686:Runciman, Steven
2681:
2656:
2627:
2602:
2577:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2450:
2444:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2253:
2247:
2232:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2054:
2048:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1870:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1657:Thomas of Acerra
1629:Balian of Ibelin
1538:Jacques de Vitry
1512:Emperor Henry VI
1439:
1420:(or autonomous)
1410:Pelagius Galvani
1392:Philip of Novara
1388:Philip of Ibelin
1343:a succession war
1312:Hugh I of Cyprus
1005:Hugh I of Cyprus
776:Philip of Ibelin
624:Balian of Ibelin
598:
597:
589:
580:heir presumptive
516:to his brother,
342:Philip of Ibelin
328:, receiving the
326:Hugh I of Cyprus
303:
198:
115:
88:
86:Regent of Cyprus
40:
28:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3012:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2912:
2868:Alice of Ibelin
2814:
2809:
2775:
2766:
2753:
2738:
2729:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2684:
2678:
2659:
2653:
2630:
2624:
2605:
2599:
2580:
2574:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2453:
2445:
2434:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2256:
2248:
2235:
2227:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2057:
2049:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1625:
1593:livres tournois
1563:
1542:Pope Gregory IX
1468:
1463:
1404:instructed his
1369:
1308:
1303:
1274:Hugh of Brienne
1159:Maria of Cyprus
724:Marie of France
533:County of Jaffa
454:Crusader states
426:
361:kings of France
330:County of Jaffa
263:
242:
238:
222:
218:
114:
87:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3021:
3019:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:House of Blois
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2743:Regnal titles
2740:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2682:
2676:
2657:
2651:
2628:
2622:
2603:
2597:
2578:
2572:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2530:, p. 238.
2517:
2505:
2503:, p. 554.
2501:Hardwicke 1969
2493:
2491:, p. 222.
2476:
2474:, p. 237.
2451:
2449:, p. 553.
2447:Hardwicke 1969
2432:
2430:, p. 221.
2417:
2415:, p. 236.
2398:
2386:
2382:Evergates 2007
2371:
2369:, p. 124.
2367:Evergates 2007
2359:
2355:Evergates 2007
2347:
2345:, p. 547.
2343:Hardwicke 1969
2335:
2323:
2321:, p. 234.
2300:
2288:
2286:, p. 181.
2273:
2271:, p. 233.
2254:
2252:, p. 195.
2233:
2231:, p. 235.
2212:
2200:
2198:, p. 542.
2196:Hardwicke 1969
2188:
2186:, p. 174.
2176:
2164:
2162:, p. 232.
2143:
2131:
2129:, p. 186.
2119:
2107:
2105:, p. 180.
2084:
2072:
2070:, p. 230.
2055:
2053:, p. 231.
2030:
2026:Evergates 2007
2018:
2006:
2004:, p. 149.
1994:
1992:, p. 229.
1979:
1975:Evergates 2007
1964:
1962:, p. 228.
1945:
1941:Evergates 2007
1933:
1931:, p. 134.
1918:
1916:, p. 248.
1914:Evergates 2007
1906:
1904:, p. 532.
1902:Hardwicke 1969
1894:
1892:, p. 226.
1871:
1867:Evergates 2007
1856:
1852:Evergates 2007
1844:
1842:, p. 530.
1840:Hardwicke 1969
1832:
1820:
1818:, p. 529.
1816:Hardwicke 1969
1808:
1806:, p. 227.
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1704:
1702:, p. 225.
1686:
1684:
1681:
1649:Marsilio Zorzi
1633:Lord of Beirut
1624:
1621:
1613:Ralph of Nesle
1562:
1559:
1535:bishop of Acre
1493:Aimery Barlais
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1368:
1365:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
870:
868:
863:
861:
859:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
773:
771:
769:John of Ibelin
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
747:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
729:
728:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
603:
601:
594:
593:
576:John of Ibelin
549:posthumous son
545:king of Cyprus
425:
422:
417:Raoul of Nesle
383:on grounds of
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
262:
261:
259:House of Blois
255:
253:
247:
246:
233:
227:
226:
224:Ralph of Nesle
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
194:
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
151:
150:
147:Ralph of Nesle
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
48:
47:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3020:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2919:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2711:Royal titles
2709:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2540:Runciman 1989
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:Hamilton 2016
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:Hamilton 2016
2509:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2489:Runciman 1989
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:Hamilton 2016
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:Runciman 1989
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:Hamilton 2016
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:Hamilton 2016
2390:
2387:
2384:, p. 67.
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2357:, p. 44.
2356:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:Runciman 1989
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:Hamilton 2016
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:Runciman 1989
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:Runciman 1989
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Hamilton 2016
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:Runciman 1989
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:Hamilton 2016
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:Hamilton 2016
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:Runciman 1989
2180:
2177:
2174:, p. 85.
2173:
2172:Runciman 1989
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:Hamilton 2016
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:Hamilton 2016
2135:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2117:, p. 50.
2116:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:Runciman 1989
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:Hamilton 2016
2076:
2073:
2069:
2068:Hamilton 2016
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Hamilton 2016
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:, p. 41.
2027:
2022:
2019:
2016:, p. 49.
2015:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:Runciman 1989
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:Hamilton 2016
1986:
1984:
1980:
1977:, p. 39.
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:Hamilton 2016
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:, p. 38.
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:Runciman 1989
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:Hamilton 2016
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:, p. 36.
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1854:, p. 34.
1853:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:Hamilton 2016
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:Hamilton 2016
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1775:Runciman 1989
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:Hamilton 2016
1759:
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1751:Runciman 1989
1747:
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1700:Hamilton 2016
1696:
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1505:Sixth Crusade
1502:
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1484:heir apparent
1481:
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1465:
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1306:Queen consort
1305:
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625:
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617:Maria Komnene
611:
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584:Maria Komnene
581:
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568:
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467:
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423:
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385:consanguinity
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366:
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116:Contested by
111:
108:
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93:
84:
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56:
53:
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34:
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26:
22:
2832:
2761:
2754:
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2724:
2689:
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2608:
2583:
2558:
2535:
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2326:
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2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2075:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1936:
1909:
1897:
1847:
1835:
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1811:
1782:
1770:
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1746:
1734:
1722:
1665:
1653:
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1588:
1580:
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1509:
1477:
1448:
1442:
1414:
1395:
1381:
1361:illegitimate
1324:
1316:dispensation
1309:
1011:
569:
555:, under the
527:. Henry and
522:
518:Theobald III
427:
414:
405:Frederick II
346:
289:
288:
25:
2943:1246 deaths
2938:1193 births
2127:Edbury 1994
2115:Edbury 1994
2014:Edbury 1994
1739:Edbury 1994
1408:, Cardinal
553:Theobald IV
357:Theobald IV
169:Predecessor
66:Predecessor
2932:Categories
2767:1210–1233
2730:1210–1218
1683:References
1516:coronation
1497:High Court
1437:status quo
359:, but the
320:and Count
2688:(1989) .
2668:Routledge
1787:Lock 2006
1727:Lock 2006
1677:Melisende
1623:Jerusalem
1466:Conflicts
1352:canon law
510:Champagne
498:Assassins
480:had been
442:Palestine
424:Childhood
389:canon law
349:Champagne
314:Jerusalem
179:Successor
164:1210–1233
143:Co-regent
137:Conrad II
128:1243–1246
98:1218–1232
76:Successor
61:1210–1218
1546:Limassol
1533:and the
1480:Bohemond
1461:In exile
1426:prelates
1347:Holy See
1331:Isabella
525:Philippa
488:leader,
486:crusader
482:annulled
399:and the
381:annulled
375:and the
365:Bohemond
240:Isabella
2549:Sources
1672:bezants
1617:crusade
1384:Tripoli
557:regency
535:as her
450:Saladin
371:to the
338:Henry I
332:as her
212:Spouses
133:Monarch
107:Henry I
103:Monarch
2749:Vacant
2696:
2674:
2649:
2620:
2595:
2570:
1635:, and
1598:livres
1584:Nogent
1576:Foggia
1567:Conrad
1561:Claims
1406:legate
1367:Regent
1301:Cyprus
474:papacy
436:. The
393:Conrad
310:regent
294:French
278:Mother
268:Father
161:Tenure
149:(1243)
125:Tenure
95:Tenure
58:Tenure
1455:Jaffa
1335:Henry
1327:Maria
572:Maria
537:dowry
456:—the
334:dowry
251:House
231:Issue
2694:ISBN
2672:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2568:ISBN
1609:Mary
1524:Tyre
1329:and
541:Acre
514:Brie
512:and
504:and
460:and
353:Brie
351:and
298:Alix
236:Mary
204:Died
199:1193
193:Born
44:Acre
559:of
2934::
2670:.
2635:;
2591:.
2566:.
2562:.
2520:^
2479:^
2454:^
2435:^
2420:^
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2374:^
2303:^
2276:^
2257:^
2236:^
2215:^
2146:^
2087:^
2058:^
2033:^
1982:^
1967:^
1948:^
1921:^
1874:^
1859:^
1794:^
1707:^
1690:^
1663:.
1639:,
1631:,
1619:.
1482:,
586:.
551:,
403:,
367:,
302:c.
300:;
296::
197:c.
2804:e
2797:t
2790:v
2702:.
2680:.
2655:.
2626:.
2601:.
2576:.
292:(
23:.
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