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away, and the patient will be on immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their life. Usage of these drugs may cause unwanted side effects, such as an increased likelihood of contracting secondary infections or develop certain types of cancer. Recipients can acquire kidney disease from a heart transplant due to the side effects of immunosuppressant medications. Many recent advances in reducing complications due to tissue rejection stem from mouse heart transplant procedures.
1100:' … the consent form for Hardy's operation – which, in view of the patient's semi-comatose condition, was signed by a close relative – stipulated that no heart transplant had ever been performed, but made no mention of the fact that an animal heart might be used for the procedure. Such was the medicolegal situation at that time that this "informed" consent was not considered in any way inadequate. . '
2991:
40:
431:. Before the transplant, David was unable to receive a human heart due to the patient's past conditions with heart failure and an irregular heartbeat, causing surgeons to use the pig heart that was genetically modified. Bennett died two months later at University of Maryland Medical Center on March 8, 2022.
221:
first human-to-human lung transplant a year earlier, author Donald McRae states that Hardy could feel the "icy disdain" from fellow surgeons at the Sixth
International Transplantation Conference several weeks after this attempt with the chimpanzee heart. Hardy had been inspired by the limited success of
220:
in the early morning of Jan. 24, 1964. Hardy used a defibrillator to shock the heart to restart beating. This heart did beat in Rush's chest for 60 to 90 minutes (sources differ), and then Rush died without regaining consciousness. Although Hardy was a respected surgeon who had performed the world's
645:
A 2022 pilot study examining the acceptability and feasibility of using video directly observed therapy to increase medication adherence in adolescent heart transplant patients showed promising results of 90.1% medication adherence compared to 40-60% typically. Higher medication variability levels
347:
surgeons transplanted the heart of 4-year-old John Nathan Ford of Harlem into 4-year-old JP a day after the Harlem child died of injuries received in a fall from a fire escape at his home. JP was born with multiple heart defects. The transplant was done by a surgical team led by Dr. Eric A. Rose,
638:
Since the transplanted heart originates from another organism, the recipient's immune system will attempt to reject it regardless if the donor heart matches the recipient's blood type (unless if the donor is an isograft). Like other solid organ transplants, the risk of rejection never fully goes
419:
Recently, Australian researchers found a way to give more time for a heart to survive prior to the transplant, almost double the time. Heart transplantation using donation after circulatory death (DCD) was recently adopted and can help in reducing waitlist time while increasing transplant rate.
176:
Approximately 3,500 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US. Post-operative survival periods average 15 years. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the
229:
in transplanting chimpanzee kidneys into human patients with kidney failure. The consent form Hardy asked Rush's stepsister to sign did not include the possibility that a chimpanzee heart might be used, although Hardy stated that he did include this in verbal discussions. A
672:
discovered that "men receiving female hearts had a 15% increase in the risk of adjusted cumulative mortality" over five years compared to men receiving male hearts. Survival rates for women did not significantly differ based on male or female donors.
3317:
1813:
de Jonge, N.; Kirkels, J. H.; Klöpping, C.; Lahpor, J. R.; Caliskan, K.; Maat, A. P. W. M.; Brügemann, J.; Erasmus, M. E.; Klautz, R. J. M.; Verwey, H. F.; Oomen, A.; Peels, C. H.; Golüke, A. E. J.; Nicastia, D.; Koole, M. A. C. (2008).
370:
indicating advanced heart failure. The great disparity between the number of patients needing transplants and the number of procedures being performed spurred research into the transplantation of non-human hearts into humans after 1993.
1908:
Mehra MR, Canter CE, Hannan MM, Semigran MJ, Uber PA, et al. The 2016 International
Society for Heart Lung Transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: A 10-year update. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2016 Jan. 35
1620:
Kwon, JH; Usry, B; Hashmi, ZA; Bhandari, K; Carnicelli, AP; Tedford, RJ; Welch, BA; Shorbaji, K; Kilic, A (28 July 2023). "Donor utilization in heart transplant with donation after circulatory death in the United States".
244:, India was the first heart surgeon to transplant a pig's heart in human body. However the recipient died subsequently. The world's first successful pig-to-human heart transplant was performed in January 2022 by surgeon
420:
Critically ill patients that are unsuitable for heart transplantation can be rescued and optimized with mechanical circulatory support, and bridged successfully to heart transplantation afterwards with good outcomes.
1352:, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011. " . . following Barnard's landmark heart transplantation on December 3, 1967, 107 human heart transplants were performed by 64 surgical teams in 24 countries in 1968. . "
1660:
Sef, D; Mohite, P; De
Robertis, F; Verzelloni Sef, A; Mahesh, B; Stock, U; Simon, A (September 2020). "Bridge to heart transplantation using the Levitronix CentriMag short-term ventricular assist device".
298:
heart transplant. The infant's new heart stopped beating after 7 hours and could not be restarted. At a following press conference, Kantrowitz emphasized that he did not consider the operation a success.
197:
was one of the first people to mention the possibility of heart transplantation. In 1907, he wrote the paper "Tendencies in
Pathology," in which he said that it would be possible one day by surgery to
936:
3432:
1113:
394:
on July 7, 2017. In recent years, donor heart preservation has improved and Organ Care System is being used in some centers in order to reduce the harmful effect of cold storage.
903:
Hardy James D.; Chavez Carlos M.; Kurrus Fred D.; Neely
William A.; Eraslan Sadan; Turner M. Don; Fabian Leonard W.; Labecki Thaddeus D. (1964). "Heart Transplantation in Man".
367:
1044:
1402:
Raffa, G.M.; Pellegrini, C.; Viganò, M. (November 2010). "Domino Heart
Transplantation: Long-Term Outcome of Recipients and Their Living Donors: Single Center Experience".
1126:
366:
in Los
Angeles, California, currently is the largest heart transplant center in the world, having performed 132 adult transplants in 2015 alone. About 800,000 people have
1256:"Heart Transplant Fails to Save 2-Week-old Baby in Brooklyn; Heart Transplant Fails to Save Baby Infants' Surgery Harder Working Side by Side Gives Colleague Credit"
3025:
654:
The prognosis for heart transplant patients following the orthotopic procedure has improved over the past 20 years, and as of June 5, 2009 the survival rates were:
3668:
3267:
2230:
1299:
669:
1437:
173:) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure).
2939:
2265:
362:
Worldwide, about 3,500 heart transplants are performed annually. The vast majority of these are performed in the United States (2,000–2,300 annually).
2361:
213:
1341:
321:
Worldwide, more than 100 transplants were performed by various doctors during 1968. Only a third of these patients lived longer than three months.
3088:
1255:
2156:"The Impact of Donor-Recipient Sex Matching on Survival After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: Analysis of 18 000 Transplants in the Modern Era"
1374:
Transplantation of the heart: An overview of 40 years' clinical and research experience at Groote Schuur
Hospital and the University of Cape Town
355:
In 1988, the first "domino" heart transplant was performed, in which a patient in need of a lung transplant with a healthy heart will receive a
87:
2759:
2349:
1230:
2634:
1307:
428:
344:
1028:
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3411:
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3018:
1350:
Proceedings of the 18th Annual
History of Medicine Days Conference 2009: The University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Alberta, Canada
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is the standard) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (
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3427:
3401:
3011:
2872:
2569:
1602:
948:
592:
560:
1499:"Heart Transplantation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease with the Organ Care System Use: A 4-Year Single-Center Experience"
1276:, Dick Cheney, Richard B. Cheney, Jonathan Reiner, MD, with Liz Cheney, Scribner (division of Simon & Schuster), 2013.
3332:
3312:
2894:
2002:
Rizk J, Mehra MR. Anticoagulation management strategies in heart transplantation. Prog
Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63(3):210–18.
303:
170:
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2879:
2867:
2748:
608:
477:
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2994:
2216:
1497:
Verzelloni Sef, A; Sef, D; Garcia Saez, D; Trkulja, V; Walker, C; Mitchell, J; McGovern, I; Stock, U (1 August 2021).
363:
157:
when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018, the most common procedure is to take a functioning
2040:"The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients"
1480:
3380:
3236:
3158:
2140:
2079:
Killian, Michael O.; Clifford, Stephanie; Lustria, Mia Liza A.; Skivington, Gage L.; Gupta, Dipankar (2022-04-18).
1704:
3128:
2519:
3723:
3262:
3133:
2826:
2716:
2470:
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Age over 65 years (some variation between centers) – older patients are usually evaluated on an individual basis.
287:
2154:
Weiss, E. S.; Allen, J. G.; Patel, N. D.; Russell, S. D.; Baumgartner, W. A.; Shah, A. S.; Conte, J. V. (2009).
3744:
3327:
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94:
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2743:
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955:(Associated Press), Feb. 21, 2003. This source states the transplanted chimpanzee heartbeat for 90 minutes.
617:
444:
264:
154:
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conditions related to their heart condition. The following conditions in a patient increase the chances of
3718:
3703:
3624:
3444:
3302:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3138:
2947:
2038:
Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, Starling R, Anderson A, Chan M, Desai S, Fedson S, Fisher P, et al. (2010).
1554:
Arrowood, James A.; Minisi, Anthony J.; Goudreau, Evelyne; Davis, Annette B.; King, Anne L. (1997-11-18).
1199:
Norman Shumway: Father of heart transplantation who also performed the world's first heart-lung transplant
642:
People who have had heart transplants are monitored in various ways to test for possible organ rejection.
538:
391:
302:
Norman Shumway performed the first adult heart transplant in the United States on January 6, 1968, at the
272:
202:
880:
427:, aged 57, of Maryland became the first person to receive a gene-edited pig heart in a transplant at the
3708:
3645:
3592:
3556:
3484:
3165:
3143:
3034:
2978:
2703:
1362:
The Adrian Kantrowitz Papers, Replacing Hearts: Left Ventricle Assist Devices and Transplants, 1960–1970
1338:
1182:
626:
356:
314:, the technical term for a transplant from a non-genetically identical individual of the same species.
307:
209:
198:
185:
3515:
3272:
3148:
3113:
2952:
2509:
2322:
2317:
2081:"Directly observed therapy to promote medication adherence in adolescent heart transplant recipients"
687:
542:
332:
to be used to prevent many cases of rejection (the "corticosteroid-sparing" effect of cyclosporine).
17:
3608:
3103:
3065:
3060:
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2831:
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311:
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2526:
2434:
2383:
2297:
2118:
1892:
1686:
1642:
1556:"Absence of Parasympathetic Control of Heart Rate After Human Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation"
1536:
1260:
889:
256:
352:. Drs. Keith Reemtsma and Fred Bowman also were members of the team for the six-hour operation.
1373:
3713:
3693:
3688:
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2857:
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2641:
2629:
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2177:
2110:
2102:
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1985:
1928:
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1303:
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82:
66:
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2092:
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2003:
1975:
1967:
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268:
234:
is the technical term for the transplant of an organ or tissue from one species to another.
146:
2208:
928:
926:
555:
Patients who are in need of a heart transplant but do not qualify may be candidates for an
3520:
3360:
3218:
3200:
3118:
3108:
2929:
2851:
2698:
2688:
2674:
2565:
2535:
2441:
2270:
2255:
2202:
1380:, "Part I. Surgical experience and clinical studies." J Hassoulas, Vol. 102, No. 6 (2012).
1345:
1313:
519:
402:
237:
2172:
2155:
1112:, Sheila McLean, Laura Williamson, University of Glasgow, UK, Ashgate Publishing, 2005,
782:
728:
3582:
3499:
3292:
3228:
2836:
2821:
2617:
2594:
2425:
2409:
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1980:
1955:
1848:
1415:
1086:
1061:
858:
833:
791:
766:
737:
712:
613:
575:
455:
329:
260:
222:
439:
Some patients are less suitable for a heart transplant, especially if they have other
386:
The ability of medical teams to perform transplants continues to expand. For example,
310:
performed the first heart transplant in the United Kingdom on May 3, 1968. These were
3738:
3650:
3640:
3561:
3525:
3355:
3213:
3208:
3170:
3083:
2973:
2693:
2312:
2122:
2019:
Bishay R (2011). "The 'Mighty Mouse' Model in Experimental Cardiac Transplantation".
1690:
1646:
1540:
1006:
978:
916:
473:
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194:
150:
57:
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114:
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1515:
1498:
100:
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3307:
3246:
2915:
2658:
2622:
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1920:
1390:"Talk About a Guy With a Lot of Heart 1st kid to get new ticker wants to be doc"
485:
481:
440:
398:
325:
315:
166:
162:
108:
53:
2135:
2007:
1971:
711:
Kilic A, Emani S, Sai-Sudhakar CB, Higgins RS, Whitson BA, et al. (2014).
39:
2910:
2777:
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1815:
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406:
295:
73:
2106:
1839:
1793:
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1524:
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1053:
1339:
Major Medical Milestones Leading Up To the First Human Heart Transplantation
1317:
849:
387:
380:
372:
280:
276:
217:
2181:
2114:
2065:
1989:
1932:
1888:
1682:
1638:
1532:
1423:
1293:
1095:
1014:
986:
939:, pp. 123–27. This source states the heartbeat for approximately one hour.
867:
800:
746:
1864:
1587:
1325:
834:"Current status of paediatric heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation"
318:
is the current ethical standard for when a heart donation can be allowed.
3698:
3385:
512:
340:
3003:
1865:"Cardiac transplantation: indications, eligibility and current outcomes"
2097:
2080:
1831:
546:
529:
508:
143:
1674:
124:
2574:
1956:"Long-term mortality in adult orthotopic heart transplant recipients"
579:
523:
336:
328:
entered widespread usage. This drug enabled much smaller amounts of
1364:, National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
469:
Active cancer if it is likely to impact the survival of the patient
359:, and their original heart will be transplanted into someone else.
251:
The world's first human-to-human heart transplant was performed by
2923:
2753:
2584:
2429:
2244:
933:
Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart
343:, became the world's first successful pediatric heart transplant.
241:
184:
158:
45:
1730:"In a First, Man Receives a Heart From a Genetically Altered Pig"
1187:
Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart
3365:
3007:
2212:
216:
transplanted the heart of a chimpanzee into the chest of dying
1278:"Three days later, on December 6, 1967, Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz"
1705:"In 1st, US surgeons transplant pig heart into human patient"
279:, South Africa. Washkansky, however, died 18 days later from
1863:
Sai Kiran Bhagra; Stephen Pettit; Jayan Parameshwar (2019),
1219:. Doylestown, Pennsylvania. November 29, 1987. p. A–18.
646:
can lead to fewer organ rejections and other poor outcomes.
390:'s first heart transplant was successfully performed at the
1954:
Jung SH, Kim JJ, Choo SJ, Yun TJ, Chung CH, Lee JW (2011).
935:, Donald McRae, New York: Penguin (Berkley/Putnam), 2006,
965:
Hardy James D (1963). "Lung Homotransplantation in Man".
1919:
Ludhwani, Dipesh; Fan, Ji; Kanmanthareddy, Arun (2020).
1062:"A brief history of cross-species organ transplantation"
1029:
Second Wind: Oral Histories of Lung Transplant Survivors
476:, including acute infection or systemic disease such as
259:
utilizing the techniques developed by American surgeons
2198:
Orthotopic heart transplantation: the bicaval technique
1470:(documentary film). Germany: LOOKS film and television.
821:(documentary film). Germany: LOOKS film and television.
161:, with or without both lungs, from a recently deceased
1438:"SRTR – Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients"
271:
received this transplant on December 3, 1967, at the
549:
smoking (which increases the chance of lung disease)
472:
Life-threatening diseases unrelated to the cause of
3681:
3633:
3617:
3601:
3570:
3544:
3508:
3472:
3465:
3420:
3394:
3346:
3281:
3255:
3227:
3199:
3074:
3041:
2966:
2938:
2795:
2650:
2546:
2286:
2279:
1481:
First ever heart transplant in Sri Lanka successful
1468:
The Heart-Makers: The Future of Transplant Medicine
949:
James D. Hardy, 84, Dies; Paved Way for Transplants
819:
The Heart-Makers: The Future of Transplant Medicine
107:
93:
81:
65:
32:
812:
810:
2136:Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2012 Update
1782:"Patient in Groundbreaking Heart Transplant Dies"
765:Cook JA, Shah KB, Quader MA, et al. (2015).
496:High pulmonary vascular resistance – over 5 or 6
2203:Heart Treatments - Heart Treatments | NHLBI, NIH
1231:"Pneumonia Blamed in Transplant Patient's Death"
1755:"Man given genetically modified pig heart dies"
1298:. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine.
1264:, December 7, 1967. Accessed November 19, 2008.
149:procedure performed on patients with end-stage
3669:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
760:
758:
756:
607:Increased risk of secondary infections due to
177:quality and duration of life for a recipient.
3019:
2224:
2044:The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
8:
3268:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
1603:"Donor hearts given longer life under trial"
1300:History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
324:The next big breakthrough came in 1983 when
1031:, Mary Jo Festle, Palgrave MacMillan, 2012.
993:Griscom NT (1963). "Lung Transplantation".
670:Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
582:. The surgery death rate was 5–10% in 2011.
44:land illustrating the placement of a donor
3469:
3026:
3012:
3004:
2283:
2266:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
2231:
2217:
2209:
713:"Donor selection in heart transplantation"
208:Not having a human donor heart available,
38:
2362:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
2171:
2096:
2055:
1979:
1847:
1514:
1152:"Man Gets Genetically Modified Pig Heart"
1085:
857:
790:
736:
2405:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
1295:Early heart transplant surgery in the UK
379:are two less successful alternatives to
214:University of Mississippi Medical Center
2505:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
1875:(3), British Medical Journal: 252–260,
703:
664:5 years: 73.2% (males), 69.0% (females)
661:3 years: 79.3% (males), 77.2% (females)
348:director of cardiac transplantation at
52:. Notice how the back of the patient's
1816:"Guidelines for heart transplantation"
658:1 year: 88.0% (males), 86.2% (females)
29:
2635:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
2374:enlargement of existing septal defect
1189:, New York: Penguin (Berkley/Putnam).
429:University of Maryland Medical Center
7:
2369:production of septal defect in heart
1466:Reiner Körfer (interviewee) (2007).
578:complications include infection and
368:NYHA Class IV heart failure symptoms
345:Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
335:On June 9, 1984, "JP" Lovette IV of
18:AlloMap molecular expression testing
3412:Canadian Society of Transplantation
3407:American Society of Transplantation
2173:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.844183
1623:American Journal of Transplantation
1110:Xenotransplantation: Law and Ethics
783:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.70
729:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.23
189:A beating heart awaiting transplant
120:
2466:transposition of the great vessels
2391:creation of septal defect in heart
1416:10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.002
1274:Heart: An American Medical Odyssey
629:can cause bleeding and thrombosis
409:. However, some limited return of
25:
2766:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
1921:"Heart Transplantation Rejection"
1127:"Pig Heart Transplanted in Human"
571:Potential complications include:
3338:United Network for Organ Sharing
3323:National Transplant Organization
2990:
2989:
1780:Rabin, Roni Caryn (2022-03-09).
1007:10.1001/jama.1963.03710120070015
979:10.1001/jama.1963.63710120001010
917:10.1001/jama.1964.03060390034008
838:Archives of Disease in Childhood
817:Till Lehmann (director) (2007).
585:Acute or chronic graft rejection
413:has been demonstrated in humans.
3452:Organ transplantation in Israel
2773:Left atrial appendage occlusion
1944:Last Update: December 23, 2019.
201:– including arteries, stomach,
3457:Organ transplantation in Japan
3428:Organ transplantation in China
3402:American Society of Nephrology
1609:. Australian Associated Press.
1292:; Lois Reynolds, eds. (1999).
1078:10.1080/08998280.2012.11928783
881:May Transplant the Human Heart
668:In 2007, researchers from the
604:Lymphoproliferative malignancy
593:Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
561:left ventricular assist device
350:New York–Presbyterian Hospital
1:
3333:Trillium Gift of Life Network
3313:National Marrow Donor Program
2895:Radionuclide ventriculography
2144:. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
1378:South African Medical Journal
622:Tricuspid valve regurgitation
515:with severe organ dysfunction
493:of the neck and leg arteries.
397:During heart transplant, the
199:replace diseased human organs
27:Surgical transplant procedure
3371:Halachic Organ Donor Society
3298:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
2880:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2057:10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.034
1881:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313103
1516:10.1097/MAT.0000000000001482
1392:NY Daily News, 13 April 2003
937:Ch. 7 "Mississippi Gambling"
832:Burch M.; Aurora P. (2004).
767:"The total artificial heart"
609:immunosuppressive medication
504:Relative contraindications:
478:systemic lupus erythematosus
450:Absolute contraindications:
304:Stanford University Hospital
294:performed the world's first
193:American medical researcher
3376:Kidney Foundation of Canada
1942:– via NCBI Bookshelf.
1601:Woods, Emily (2021-10-11).
1404:Transplantation Proceedings
771:Journal of Thoracic Disease
717:Journal of Thoracic Disease
364:Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
3766:
3433:harvesting from Falun Gong
3381:National Kidney Foundation
3237:Non-heart-beating donation
2487:for univentricular defect
2160:Circulation: Heart Failure
2141:American Heart Association
2008:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.002
1972:10.3346/jkms.2011.26.5.599
401:is severed, thus removing
3664:
3263:Graft-versus-host disease
2987:
2827:Implantable loop recorder
2471:Arterial switch operation
2261:Interventional cardiology
2251:
2085:Pediatric Transplantation
1820:Netherlands Heart Journal
1631:10.1016/j.ajt.2023.07.019
1572:10.1161/01.CIR.96.10.3492
1215:"Memories of the Heart".
1066:Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)
121:
37:
3328:NHS Blood and Transplant
2906:Coronary catheterization
2396:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
2357:Mitral valve replacement
2340:Aortic valve replacement
545:, recreational drugs or
286:On December 6, 1967, at
3704:Immunosuppressive drugs
3440:Organ donation in India
2902:Cardiac catheterization
2844:Electrophysiology study
2744:Radiofrequency ablation
2709:Alcohol septal ablation
850:10.1136/adc.2002.017186
618:anti-thymocyte globulin
375:from other species and
290:in Brooklyn, New York,
155:coronary artery disease
3724:Frankenstein's monster
3719:Total body irradiation
3445:Gurgaon kidney scandal
3303:Human Tissue Authority
2948:Impedance cardiography
2570:Coronary artery bypass
539:substance use disorder
392:Kandy General Hospital
273:Groote Schuur Hospital
190:
3750:Organ transplantation
3709:Lung allocation score
3646:Jean-Michel Dubernard
3035:Organ transplantation
2979:Transcutaneous pacing
2783:Heart transplantation
2704:Ventricular reduction
2520:Blalock–Taussig shunt
1348:, Kate Elzinga, from
627:endomyocardial biopsy
357:heart-lung transplant
188:
33:Heart transplantation
3516:J. Hartwell Harrison
3273:Transplant rejection
2953:Ballistocardiography
2510:systemic circulation
688:Biological pacemaker
423:On January 7, 2022,
171:orthotopic procedure
50:orthotopic procedure
3625:André van der Merwe
3609:Richard C. Lillehei
3282:Transplant networks
3066:Xenotransplantation
3061:Autotransplantation
3049:Allotransplantation
2832:Cardiac stress test
2810:Electrocardiography
2749:Pacemaker insertion
2496:Kawashima procedure
2460:compound procedures
2335:Aortic valve repair
2308:Mitral valve repair
1217:Daily Intelligencer
1041:Every Second Counts
693:Xenotransplantation
405:influence over the
288:Maimonides Hospital
246:Bartley P. Griffith
232:xenotransplantation
3480:Christiaan Barnard
3076:Organs and tissues
2885:Cardiovascular MRI
2815:Vectorcardiography
2670:Pericardial window
2665:Pericardiocentesis
2606:Drug-eluting stent
2435:Rastelli procedure
2384:Balloon septostomy
2098:10.1111/petr.14288
1960:J. Korean Med. Sci
1832:10.1007/BF03086123
1786:The New York Times
1734:The New York Times
1607:The Canberra Times
1344:2016-07-14 at the
1261:The New York Times
1254:Lyons, Richard D.
1235:The New York Times
1060:Cooper DK (2012).
893:, January 2, 1908.
890:The New York Times
411:sympathetic nerves
257:Christiaan Barnard
238:Dr Dhaniram Baruah
191:
140:cardiac transplant
60:are left in place.
3732:
3731:
3714:Machine perfusion
3694:Edmonton protocol
3689:Biomedical tissue
3677:
3676:
3588:Vladimir Demikhov
3490:Adrian Kantrowitz
3242:Organ procurement
3001:
3000:
2858:Angiocardiography
2804:Electrophysiology
2791:
2790:
2734:Catheter ablation
2717:Conduction system
2642:LeCompte maneuver
2630:Bentall procedure
2491:Norwood procedure
2481:Senning procedure
2476:Mustard procedure
2379:Atrial septostomy
2330:Valve replacement
1675:10.1111/aor.13709
1663:Artificial Organs
1309:978-1-84129-007-2
601:Atrial arrhythmia
435:Contraindications
377:artificial hearts
292:Adrian Kantrowitz
227:Tulane University
132:
131:
16:(Redirected from
3757:
3536:Michael Woodruff
3470:
3201:Medical grafting
3028:
3021:
3014:
3005:
2993:
2992:
2958:Cardiotocography
2926:
2890:Ventriculography
2863:Echocardiography
2854:
2806:
2722:Maze procedure (
2719:
2685:
2661:
2614:
2613:Obstacle removal
2601:Bare-metal stent
2597:
2557:
2514:pulmonary artery
2506:
2461:
2446:pulmonary artery
2419:Fontan procedure
2414:pulmonary artery
2406:
2370:
2284:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2151:
2145:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2100:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:Associated Press
1701:
1695:
1694:
1669:(9): 1006–1008.
1657:
1651:
1650:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1518:
1494:
1488:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1444:. Archived from
1434:
1428:
1427:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1190:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1123:
1117:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1057:
1048:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1018:
990:
962:
956:
946:
940:
930:
921:
920:
900:
894:
878:
872:
871:
861:
829:
823:
822:
814:
805:
804:
794:
762:
751:
750:
740:
723:(8): 1097–1104.
708:
683:Artificial heart
557:artificial heart
491:Vascular disease
306:. A team led by
269:Louis Washkansky
255:cardiac surgeon
136:heart transplant
125:edit on Wikidata
117:
103:
77:
76:
42:
30:
21:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3745:Cardiac surgery
3735:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3673:
3660:
3629:
3613:
3597:
3566:
3540:
3521:John P. Merrill
3504:
3461:
3416:
3395:Joint societies
3390:
3361:Blood Cancer UK
3348:
3342:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3251:
3223:
3219:Vascular bypass
3195:
3070:
3037:
3032:
3002:
2997:
2983:
2962:
2934:
2930:Phonocardiogram
2922:
2852:Cardiac imaging
2850:
2802:
2787:
2715:
2699:Septal myectomy
2689:Cardiomyoplasty
2681:
2675:Pericardiectomy
2657:
2646:
2612:
2593:
2553:
2547:Cardiac vessels
2542:
2536:Glenn procedure
2504:
2459:
2442:right ventricle
2404:
2368:
2290:
2275:
2271:Cardiac imaging
2256:Cardiac surgery
2247:
2237:
2194:
2189:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2134:
2130:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
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1753:
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1748:
1739:
1737:
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1703:
1702:
1698:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1566:(10): 3492–98.
1553:
1552:
1548:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1346:Wayback Machine
1337:
1333:
1310:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1272:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:, 16 Feb. 2006.
1203:The Independent
1197:
1193:
1181:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1134:
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1124:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
992:
973:(12): 1065–74.
964:
963:
959:
947:
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931:
924:
902:
901:
897:
879:
875:
831:
830:
826:
816:
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808:
777:(12): 2172–80.
764:
763:
754:
710:
709:
705:
701:
679:
652:
636:
569:
520:thromboembolism
437:
417:
403:parasympathetic
330:corticosteroids
312:allotransplants
183:
128:
113:
99:
72:
71:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3761:
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3727:
3726:
3721:
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3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3682:Related topics
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
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3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3593:James D. Hardy
3590:
3585:
3583:Joel D. Cooper
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3557:James D. Hardy
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3531:Elizabeth Ward
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3500:Norman Shumway
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:James D. Hardy
3482:
3476:
3474:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3436:
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3424:
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3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
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3396:
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3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
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3341:
3340:
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3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Eurotransplant
3289:
3287:
3284:and government
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3229:Organ donation
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
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3126:
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2976:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2940:Function tests
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2837:Bruce protocol
2829:
2824:
2822:Holter monitor
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
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2757:
2751:
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2736:
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2672:
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2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:Endarterectomy
2615:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2595:Coronary stent
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2548:
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2543:
2541:
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2524:
2523:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2483:
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2473:
2462:
2456:
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2454:
2453:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2426:left ventricle
2423:
2422:
2421:
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2398:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2345:Ross procedure
2337:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2276:
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2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2243:involving the
2238:
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2228:
2221:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2192:External links
2190:
2188:
2187:
2146:
2128:
2071:
2030:
2011:
1995:
1966:(5): 599–603.
1946:
1911:
1901:
1855:
1805:
1772:
1761:. 9 March 2022
1746:
1721:
1696:
1652:
1612:
1593:
1546:
1509:(8): 862–868.
1489:
1487:, 9 July 2017.
1473:
1458:
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1410:(9): 3688–93.
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1021:
1019:in same issue.
957:
953:New York Times
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261:Norman Shumway
223:Keith Reemtsma
210:James D. Hardy
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3651:Donna Mansell
3649:
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3641:Alexis Carrel
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3560:
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3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Anthony Nolan
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:organizations
3345:
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3336:
3334:
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3329:
3326:
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3274:
3271:
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3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:Complications
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:Skin grafting
3212:
3210:
3209:Bone grafting
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
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3187:
3184:
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3015:
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2974:Cardioversion
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
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2169:
2166:(5): 401–08.
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2091:(5): e14288.
2090:
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2063:
2058:
2053:
2050:(8): 914–56.
2049:
2045:
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2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
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1950:
1947:
1934:
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1926:
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1503:ASAIO Journal
1500:
1493:
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1462:
1459:
1448:on 2016-10-25
1447:
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1045:page 126, top
1042:
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567:Complications
566:
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531:
527:
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521:
517:
514:
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492:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:heart failure
471:
468:
465:
461:
457:
454:Irreversible
453:
452:
451:
448:
446:
445:complications
442:
434:
432:
430:
426:
425:David Bennett
421:
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284:
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278:
274:
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265:Richard Lower
262:
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253:South African
249:
247:
243:
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228:
224:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:Simon Flexner
187:
180:
178:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:heart failure
148:
145:
141:
137:
126:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
80:
75:
70:
68:
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59:
58:great vessels
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3578:Fikri Alican
3552:Fikri Alican
3123:
2782:
2762:implantation
2756:implantation
2739:Cryoablation
2580:Off-pump CAB
2390:
2373:
2298:Valve repair
2288:Heart valves
2163:
2159:
2149:
2138:
2131:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1936:. Retrieved
1924:
1914:
1904:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1826:(3): 79–87.
1823:
1819:
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1785:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1736:. 2022-01-10
1733:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1711:. 2022-01-10
1708:
1699:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1596:
1563:
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1502:
1492:
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1476:
1467:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:the original
1442:www.srtr.org
1441:
1432:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1357:
1349:
1334:
1294:
1290:Tilli Tansey
1284:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1237:. 1967-12-21
1234:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1202:
1201:, Obituary,
1194:
1186:
1160:. Retrieved
1158:. 2022-01-15
1155:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1133:. 2022-01-15
1130:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1072:(1): 49–57.
1069:
1065:
1040:
1036:
1024:
1001:(12): 1088.
998:
994:
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952:
951:, Obituary,
944:
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326:cyclosporine
323:
320:
301:
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250:
236:
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192:
175:
139:
135:
133:
49:
3656:Bruce Reitz
3308:LifeSharers
3286:departments
3247:Organ trade
3089:Bone marrow
2916:Cardiac PET
2659:Pericardium
2623:Atherectomy
2561:Angioplasty
2303:Valvulotomy
1925:StatPearls
1560:Circulation
511:-dependent
486:amyloidosis
482:sarcoidosis
441:circulatory
399:vagus nerve
316:Brain death
308:Donald Ross
205:and heart.
167:brain death
163:organ donor
109:MedlinePlus
54:left atrium
3739:Categories
3159:islet cell
3129:Heart–lung
2911:Cardiac CT
2778:Cardiotomy
2683:Myocardium
2451:Sano shunt
2241:procedures
2239:Tests and
2021:Hypothesis
1799:2022-03-09
1740:2022-01-10
1715:2022-01-10
1452:2016-10-24
1241:2018-01-08
1162:2022-01-16
1137:2022-01-16
699:References
541:, such as
498:Wood units
407:myocardium
381:allografts
373:Xenografts
267:. Patient
153:or severe
147:transplant
74:cardiology
3421:Countries
3134:Intestine
2291:and septa
2123:248242427
2107:1397-3142
1909:(1):1–23.
1840:1568-5888
1794:0362-4331
1691:218506853
1647:260296589
1580:0009-7322
1541:235217756
1525:1058-2916
1485:Hiru News
1326:Q29581627
1318:12568266M
1183:McRae, D.
1131:The Hindu
1043:, McRae,
991:See also
650:Prognosis
634:Rejection
625:Repeated
388:Sri Lanka
296:pediatric
281:pneumonia
277:Cape Town
218:Boyd Rush
67:Specialty
3699:Eye bank
3602:Pancreas
3386:ORGANIZE
3347:Advocacy
3154:Pancreas
2995:Category
2728:minimaze
2724:Cox maze
2182:19808369
2115:35436376
2066:20643330
2027:(1): e5.
1990:21532848
1933:30725742
1897:52194404
1889:30209127
1759:BBC News
1683:32367538
1639:37517554
1533:34039886
1424:21094839
1342:Archived
1322:Wikidata
1185:(2006).
1096:22275786
1015:14061420
987:14061414
868:15033856
801:26793338
747:25132976
677:See also
563:(LVAD).
522:such as
513:diabetes
341:Colorado
248:of USA.
144:surgical
83:ICD-9-CM
3099:Corneal
2280:Surgery
1981:3082109
1938:25 June
1849:2266869
1765:9 March
1588:9396446
1087:3246856
859:1719883
792:4703693
738:4133543
616:due to
547:tobacco
543:alcohol
537:Active
530:obesity
528:Severe
518:Recent
509:Insulin
466:disease
416:{{{1}}}
212:of the
203:kidneys
181:History
142:, is a
138:, or a
101:D016027
3509:Kidney
3466:People
3318:NOD-Lb
3191:Vagina
3186:Uterus
3181:Thymus
3176:Spleen
3139:Kidney
2967:Pacing
2575:MIDCAB
2566:Bypass
2516:shunt
2410:atrium
2323:mitral
2318:aortic
2180:
2121:
2113:
2105:
2064:
1988:
1978:
1931:
1895:
1887:
1846:
1838:
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1013:
985:
911:(13).
866:
856:
799:
789:
745:
735:
580:sepsis
524:stroke
456:kidney
337:Denver
115:003003
48:in an
3634:Other
3618:Penis
3545:Liver
3473:Heart
3166:Penis
3144:Liver
3124:Heart
3094:Brain
3042:Types
2924:sound
2796:Tests
2754:S-ICD
2651:Other
2585:TECAB
2430:aorta
2245:heart
2119:S2CID
1893:S2CID
1869:Heart
1687:S2CID
1643:S2CID
1537:S2CID
1114:p. 50
559:or a
484:, or
464:liver
462:, or
242:Assam
159:heart
123:[
88:37.51
46:heart
3571:Lung
3366:DKMS
3171:Skin
3149:Lung
3119:Head
3114:Hand
3109:Face
3084:Bone
3054:ABOi
2726:and
2464:for
2178:PMID
2139:The
2111:PMID
2103:ISSN
2062:PMID
1986:PMID
1940:2020
1929:PMID
1885:PMID
1836:ISSN
1790:ISSN
1767:2022
1679:PMID
1635:PMID
1584:PMID
1576:ISSN
1529:PMID
1521:ISSN
1420:PMID
1304:ISBN
1092:PMID
1011:PMID
995:JAMA
983:PMID
967:JAMA
905:JAMA
885:.PDF
864:PMID
797:PMID
743:PMID
460:lung
263:and
95:MeSH
56:and
3104:Eye
2873:TEE
2868:TTE
2760:ICD
2555:CHD
2527:SVC
2512:to
2444:to
2428:to
2412:to
2205:NIH
2168:doi
2093:doi
2052:doi
2004:doi
1976:PMC
1968:doi
1877:doi
1873:105
1844:PMC
1828:doi
1671:doi
1627:doi
1568:doi
1511:doi
1412:doi
1156:BBC
1082:PMC
1074:doi
1003:doi
999:186
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725:doi
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240:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
