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93:, who was close to Allende, recalls that prior to the coup, Allende would have dismissed his suggestion to seek refuge in a loyalist regiment and fight back from there. In Altamirano's words Allende also rejected the option "to do as so many dictators and presidents of Latin America, that is to grab a briefcase full of money and take a plane out the country." Allende was an admirer of
253:
Allende's cabinet. He does not appear to have made any such statement as he was executed shortly afterwards. The other witnesses kept silent until after the restoration of democracy in Chile, as they believed (according to their own statements) that to corroborate the version of a suicide would in some measure downgrade
Allende's sacrifice and lend support to the military regime.
183:"Workers of my country, I have faith in Chile and its destiny. Other men will overcome this dark and bitter moment when treason seeks to prevail. Keep in mind that, much sooner than later, the great avenues will again be opened through which will pass free men to construct a better society. Long live Chile! Long live the people! Long live the workers!"
177:. From the other side of the salon and through an open door, José Quiroga, Arsenio Poupin, a member of the cabinet, Enrique Huerta, a palace functionary, two detectives from the presidential security detail, and some GAPs (Presidential Security) were able to see the moment of death, or arrive a few seconds afterwards, attracted by the noise.
311:
In late
January 2011, a Chilean judge opened an investigation into the death of Salvador Allende together with hundreds of other human rights abuses committed during the 1973 coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power. In May, Allende's remains were exhumed by order of a Chilean court in furtherance
168:
At approximately 1:50 p.m. local time, Allende ordered the defenders of the La Moneda Palace to surrender. The defenders then formed a line from the second floor, down the stairs and onto the
Morande street door. The president went along this queue, from the ground floor up the stairs, shaking hands
323:
Results of the autopsy were officially released in mid-July 2011. The team of
Chilean medical experts conducting and reviewing the autopsy results confirmed that Salvador Allende had died from self-inflicted gunshot wounds. The autopsy results indicated that Allende had died after shooting himself
299:
in Chile in 1990, the view that
Allende died by suicide began to gain popular acceptance as different testimonies confirming the details of the suicide have become available in press and in documentary interviews. Likewise, members of Allende's immediate family including his wife and his daughter,
346:
British ballistics expert David Prayer said
Allende died of two shots fired from an assault rifle that was held between his legs and under his chin and was set to fire automatically. The bullets blew out the top of his head and killed him instantly. The forensics team's conclusion was unanimous.
252:
Of these witnesses, only Guijón spoke about the events immediately after they happened, and was roundly vilified for doing so. Some sources misattribute Guijón's declarations to "Allende's personal doctor", Enrique Paris Roa, who was at La Moneda not in his professional role but as a member of
274:, who had given President Allende the AK-47 used as the suicide weapon, provides an example of the speculation and political posturing that grew out of Allende's death and the Pinochet coup d'état. On 28 September 1973 (only two weeks after Allende's death), Castro told a Cuban crowd in
128:). The president spoke of his love for Chile and of his deep faith in its future. He also stated that, as he was committed to Chile, he would not take an easy way out or be used as a propaganda tool by those he called "traitors" (accepting an offer of safe passage, like
172:
At the same time, Patricio Guijón (a member of La Moneda's infirmary staff) himself decided to return upstairs to recover his gas-mask as a souvenir. He heard a noise, and opened the door of the
Independence salon in time to see the president shoot himself with his
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288:, firing at Pinochet troops with Fidel's rifle. Over the coming decades, the Cuban leader would continue to make public addresses using this version of events. Castro's public statements formed the basis of Robinson Rojas' 1975 book
408:
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316:(TVN) reported that a top-secret military account of Allende's death had been discovered in the home of a former military justice official. The 300-page document was only found when the house was destroyed in the
169:
and thanking everyone personally for their support in that difficult moment. At the end of the queue, Allende turned toward the
Independence salon, located in the north-east side of the Palace's second floor.
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338:, a leading UK newspaper, reported that the "scientific autopsy" had confirmed that "Salvador Allende committed suicide during the 1973 coup that toppled his socialist government." According to
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said that at a family lunch nine days before his death, Salvador
Allende had said that he would either stay until the end of this term of presidency or he would be taken out feet first.
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have never disputed that it was a suicide. A further example of pre-2011 controversializing is found in
Chilean doctor Luis Ravanal's 2008 article published in the magazine
1019:(with English translation.) The transcript of the last radio broadcast of Chilean President Salvador Allende, made on 11 September 1973, at 9:10 AM. MP3 audio available
256:
Of the two doctors from the Moneda Palace infirmary who witnessed the suicide, Guijón made a statement at the time. However, Quiroga only confirmed the details in 1999.
153:
arriving about 17:30. Among those present during the autopsy was one of Allende's former classmates in university. The autopsy also recorded his death as a suicide.
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stating that Allende's wounds were "not compatible" with suicide. Asked to comment on Dr. Ravanal's hypothesis, the Chilean congresswoman
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of a "criminal investigation into the death of Allende." On May 31, 2011, before the court-ordered autopsy had been completed,
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30:
This article is about the controversy surrounding President Allende's death. For the coup that brought Army Commander-in-Chief
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839:(in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Instituto Chileno de Estudios Humanísticos (ICHEH) & Centro de Estudios Sociales (CESOC).
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332:. The shots tore off the top of Allende's head, killing him instantly, because the rifle had been set to automatic fire.
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292:. Rojas asserted that the Chilean president had been killed by Pinochet's military forces while defending the palace.
1003:. Detailed minute-by-minute account of the events of September 11, 1973 by historian Ascanio Cavallo, on the site of
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120:(the presidential palace) by military units loyal to Pinochet, President Salvador Allende made his famous
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Spanish expert Francisco Etxeberria said: "We have absolutely no doubt" that Allende committed suicide.
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132:). The radio address was made while gunfire and explosions were clearly audible in the background.
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850:. World Association of International Studies. San Francisco, CA: Stanford University Press
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Shortly afterwards, an official announcement declared that he had gone to war with an
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160:. It bore a golden plate engraved: "To my friend and comrade-in-arms, Fidel Castro."
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101:. According to Altamirano, Allende was "obsessed with the attitude of Balmaceda."
763:"Chile TV: Secret military report on Allende's death raises doubts about suicide"
83:. After decades of suspicions that Allende might have been assassinated by the
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525:
308:, the President's daughter, said that the suicide version is the correct one.
205:
All sources seem to agree that at least the following witnesses were present:
87:, a Chilean court authorized the exhumation and autopsy of Allende's remains.
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578:
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913:
Out of the Ashes: The Life, Death and Transfiguration of Democracy in Chile
470:
Out of the Ashes: The Life, Death and Transfiguration of Democracy in Chile
829:
Reproduced online on the site of Oberlin College professor Steven S. Volk
221:
Arsenio Poupin Oissel – Presidential Advisor and member of the cabinet –
139:
rifle. Allende's corpse was carried out of La Moneda Palace wrapped in a
745:"Chilean president Salvador Allende committed suicide, autopsy confirms"
385:"ultimos discursos de allende Archives - piensaChile ★ piensachile.com"
140:
97:, a Chilean president who died by suicide in face of his defeat in the
73:
961:
Contains formal statements of some of the GAP operatives that survived
526:"Salvador Allende's Last Speech - Wikisource, the free online library"
275:
143:
994:, includes news of different newspaper of days previous to the coup
56:
Allende's glasses, found in the Palacio de La Moneda after his death
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649:(in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. August 17, 2003. Archived from
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174:
136:
51:
40:
931:(in Spanish). Los Angeles, CA: La Opinión Digital. Archived from
928:
Muerte de Allende: los testigos que quedaron fuera de la historia
592:
The Murder of Allende and the End of the Chilean Way to Socialism
499:
Muerte de Allende: los testigos que quedaron fuera de la historia
290:
The murder of Allende and the end of the Chilean way to socialism
1293:
1036:
787:"Former Chilean President Allende's death confirmed as suicide"
245:
Pablo Manuel Zepeda Camillieri – GAP (Presidential Security) –
239:
Ricardo Pincheira – Detective (Presidential Security Detail) –
1029:, BBC News "On this Day", undated. Accessed 22 September 2006.
46:
209:
Patricio Guijón – member of the Presidential Medical Staff –
459:("The day that Allende Died"), 1988, pp. 282 and following.
233:
David Garrido – Detective (Presidential Security Detail) –
215:
José Quiroga – member of the Presidential Medical Staff –
179:
666:"Chilean Judge Orders Investigation Into Allende's Death"
715:"Cuerpo de Salvador Allende será exhumado el 23 de mayo"
227:
Enrique Huerta Corvalán – Palace Intendant (governor) –
515:, 11 September 2003. Accessed online 22 September 2006.
1027:
September 11, 1973: President overthrown in Chile coup
411:. Presidencia de la República de Chile. Archived from
364:
362:
360:
607:
EUA tentaram impedir posse de Allende, diz documento.
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professor Steven S. Volk, accessed 22 September 2006.
156:
Allende's weapon had been given to him as a gift by
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On September 11, 1973, just prior to the capture of
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690:"Chile to exhume former President Salvador Allende"
553:22 October 2000. Reproduced online on the site of
916:. Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway. Archived from
488:, 2 September 1988. Accessed online 30 June 2008.
27:Controversy surrounding Chilean president's death
891:(in Spanish) (3rd ed.). Santiago de Chile:
284:that Allende had died in La Moneda wrapped in a
344:
68:, died by suicide from gunshot wounds during a
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641:"Admite hija de Allende suicidio de su padre"
609:Washington: Associated Press-Agência Estado,
577:, 11 July 1999. Reproduced online as part of
190:President Salvador Allende's farewell speech,
8:
1447:Attempted assassination of Bernardo Leighton
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104:In an interview with David Frost in 2013,
847:Chile: The Continuing Historical Conflict
925:Zamorano, Patricio (11 September 2003).
811:O'Connor, Anne-Marie (22 October 2000).
978:, Chilean newspaper, September 11, 1973
889:La Conjura: Los mil y un días del golpe
356:
1493:Human rights violations under Pinochet
1001:Las 24 horas que estremecieron a Chile
81:commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army
664:Bonnefoy, Pascale (27 January 2011).
18:Allende died by suicide in his office
7:
1335:United States intervention in Chile
844:Hilton, Ronald (22 December 1997).
717:. La Nación (Chile). Archived from
371:Carlos Altamirano: Salvador Allende
264:During the subsequent years of the
949:"Salvador Allende Foundation Site"
482:CHILE ENDS EXILE OF ALLENDE FAMILY
369:Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional.
25:
1467:Indictment and arrest of Pinochet
1452:Assassination of Orlando Letelier
835:Gonzalez Camus, Ignacio (1988).
618:. Estadao.com.br. Archived from
472:, 1989, pp. 511-512 and 519-520.
297:peaceful transition to democracy
1014:Salvador Allende's "Last Words"
146:by soldiers and fire fighters.
1488:Criticisms of Salvador Allende
1355:Presidency of Salvador Allende
1083:Presidential elections of 1952
1:
1442:Assassination of Carlos Prats
771:. 31 May 2011. Archived from
581:, accessed 22 September 2006.
579:an archive of Pape's articles
1534:Suicides by firearm in Chile
616:, september 10, 2008, 15:56"
314:Televisión Nacional de Chile
863:Pape, Eric (11 July 1999).
837:El dia en que murio Allende
457:El dia en que murio Allende
124:to Chileans on live radio (
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869:Los Angeles Times Magazine
409:"Salvador Allende Gossens"
29:
1524:Deaths by person in Chile
1519:Death conspiracy theories
1483:Death of Salvador Allende
1427:Government Junta of Chile
1141:Nationalization of copper
455:Gonzalez Camus, Ignacio,
229:Executed a few days later
223:Executed a few days later
99:Chilean Civil War of 1891
1365:Alejandrina Cox incident
1321:1973 Chilean coup d'état
590:Rojas, Robinson (1985).
328:received as a gift from
36:1973 Chilean coup d'état
865:"Five Degrees of Exile"
318:2010 Chilean earthquake
60:On September 11, 1973,
1259:Isabel Allende (Bussi)
910:Whelan, James (1989).
594:. Joanna Cotler Books.
349:
281:Plaza de la Revolución
57:
49:
1264:Andrés Pascal Allende
568:Five Degrees of Exile
545:Anne-Marie O'Connor,
441:González 2013, p. 22.
432:González 2013, p. 21.
149:His body was sent to
95:José Manuel Balmaceda
55:
44:
1457:Chile under Pinochet
653:on October 14, 2012.
614:O Estado de S. Paulo
118:Palacio de La Moneda
85:Chilean Armed Forces
1401:José Toribio Merino
1274:Paula Frías Allende
1239:Ramón Allende Padín
775:on 7 December 2018.
768:The Washington Post
528:. En.wikisource.org
497:Patricio Zamorano,
193:September 11, 1973.
1340:Schneider Doctrine
1223:Andre Gunder Frank
1177:Schneider Doctrine
1146:Schneider Doctrine
951:(in Spanish). 2007
813:"Out of the Ashes"
513:La Opinión Digital
504:2006-01-05 at the
486:The New York Times
66:President of Chile
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1198:Carlos Altamirano
1071:Life and politics
935:on 5 January 2006
902:978-956-324-134-1
871:. Los Angeles, CA
819:. Los Angeles, CA
817:Los Angeles Times
573:Los Angeles Times
551:Los Angeles Times
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130:Carlos Altamirano
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1384:Participants
1360:Carlos Prats
1193:Carlos Prats
1172:Public image
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1160:Perceptions
260:Controversy
70:coup d'état
1508:Categories
1375:Tanquetazo
1328:Background
1105:Tanquetazo
1100:Presidency
1005:La Tercera
987:La Tercera
976:La Tercera
955:15 October
804:References
793:2011-07-19
725:2011-05-05
700:2011-05-05
675:2011-01-28
626:2012-09-12
532:2012-09-12
419:2006-04-08
394:2015-09-11
1420:Aftermath
1208:José Tohá
1078:Biography
893:Catalonia
295:With the
201:Witnesses
1124:Policies
887:(2013).
694:BBC News
575:Magazine
502:Archived
324:with an
247:Survived
241:Survived
235:Survived
217:Survived
211:Survived
141:Bolivian
991:El Once
823:24 July
74:General
72:led by
45:Soviet
1232:Family
1186:Allies
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276:Havana
144:poncho
1115:Death
789:. CNN
352:Notes
326:AK-47
175:AK-47
137:AK-47
112:Death
1095:1970
1091:1964
1087:1958
1021:here
957:2008
941:2006
897:ISBN
877:2006
856:2006
825:2009
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