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402:) the party emerged as the dominant force: in the municipal elections of December 1957 ABAKO candidates won 133 out of 170 seats on the communal council, giving unfettered control of African communes into the hands of the party which advocated "complete independence." While the party's victory at the polls greatly strengthened its bargaining position in relation to the colonial administration, in the countryside its local sections quickly proliferated, creating a de facto power structure almost entirely beyond the control of the colonial civil servants.
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410:, resulting in the wholesale plunder of European-owned property. When order was finally restored, at the price of an exceedingly brutal repression, 49 Congolese were officially reported killed and 101 wounded. A week later, on 13 January, the Belgian government formally recognized independence as the ultimate goal of its policies. "It is our firm intention,"
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Thus, while ABAKO militancy inspired other groups of
Africans to emulate its demands for immediate independence, another consequence that came along with it was the structuring of political competition along ethnic lines. In LĂ©opoldville, the ethnic Kongo elements soon came into conflict with groups
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solemnly announced, "without undue procrastination, but without fatal haste, to lead the
Congolese forward to independence in prosperity and peace." Although no precise date was set for independence, the tide of nationalist sentiment could not be stemmed, and a year later, the
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In LĂ©opoldville, meanwhile, the situation was rapidly getting out of hand. The turning point came on 4 January 1959, when
Belgian administrators took the fatal step of dispersing a large crowd of ABAKO supporters gathered to attend a political meeting. The move led to
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were entirely aligned with its proclaimed objective of working toward the reconstruction of the Kongo polity, and, at one point, of advocating secession as the quickest way of achieving this all-consuming goal.
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The metamorphosis of ABAKO into a major vehicle of anti-colonial sentiment unleashed considerable unrest throughout the lower Congo region. In the capital city of LĂ©opoldville (present-day
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The move came about as a response to a far more conciliatory statement by a group of intellectuals from other ethnic groups identified with the editorial committee of a
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The party never exhibited a systematic political program other than promoting immediate independence. Following independence, members of ABAKO held prominent roles;
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Five
African States; Responses to Diversity: the Congo, Dahomey, the Cameroun Federal Republic, the Rhodesias and Nyasaland, South Africa
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and served as ambassador to the United
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Its anti-Belgian orientation notwithstanding, ABAKO was first and foremost an ethnic movement of the
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there and in 1956 issued a manifesto calling for immediate independence.
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Thirty-Year Plan for the
Political Emancipation of Belgian Africa
351:(also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the
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Political party in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
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sentiment and activity. ABAKO and Kasa-Vubu spearheaded
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480:A small political party in modern-day Congo, the
694:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
668:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
355:which was extremely popular in the lower Congo.
335:, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by
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645:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
602:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
506:Carter, Gwendolen Margaret, ed. (1963),
592:Union for Democracy and Social Progress
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473:, based on single-party rule by his
358:Because of its long exposure to the
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475:Popular Movement of the Revolution
408:widespread rioting around the city
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486:Alliance des Bâtisseurs du Kongo
345:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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42:needs additional citations for
622:Union for the Congolese Nation
430:and the cultural value of the
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482:Alliance of Builders of Kongo
612:Union of Mobutist Democrats
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587:Sacred Union of the Nation
663:List of political parties
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629:Together for the Republic
477:(MPR), was established.
419:proclaimed independence.
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516:Cornell University Press
607:Unified Lumumbist Party
389:in his 1955 essay, the
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492:and two seats in the
490:2006 general election
450:became the country's
362:and rich heritage of
343:in what today is the
341:Belgian colonial rule
233:Congolese nationalism
617:Union for the Nation
471:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
383:Conscience Africaine
322:Alliance des Bakongo
237:Liberal conservatism
140:Alliance des Bakongo
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18:Alliance des Bakongo
597:Future of the Congo
387:A. A. J. Van Bilsen
314:Alliance of Bakongo
137:Alliance of Bakongo
464:Lumumba Government
372:ethnic nationalism
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107:December 2007
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62:Find sources:
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460:Thomas Kanza
456:Daniel Kanza
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264:Christianity
254:Centre-right
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199:Leopoldville
195:Headquarters
147:Abbreviation
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49:Please help
44:verification
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381:newspaper,
268:Kimbanguism
221:Notre Kongo
217:Kongo Dieto
683:Categories
500:References
77:newspapers
330:Congolese
302:Elections
209:Newspaper
180:Dissolved
155:President
400:Kinshasa
328:) was a
260:Religion
228:Ideology
580:parties
441:Lingala
368:Belgian
275:Colours
241:Bakongo
185: (
170: (
165:Founded
91:scholar
66:"ABAKO"
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318:French
282:Yellow
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576:Major
326:ABAKO
324:, or
150:ABAKO
98:JSTOR
84:books
520:OCLC
360:West
312:The
187:1965
183:1965
172:1955
168:1955
70:news
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