247:
and votes as needed. Whenever health insurance for the aged was brought up in any committee other than the Social
Security committee, the proposal was voted down or declared out of order. When the Conference voted on its final report, the AMA was surprised to find a health insurance proposal part of the recommended legislative package. The AFL-CIO coalition had grown to more than 500 groups, and attempts by the AMA to strike the proposal from the report were easily defeated.
499:
public policy issues of importance to retired citizens; to build state
Alliance affiliates by assigning staff, training state staff, and build state retiree coalitions; and to build coalitions of retiree, community, worker and nonprofit groups to support the work of the Fund and the Alliance. The Fund also conducts a number of other educational and training conferences, seminars and workshops.
1927:
405:
provision for proportional representation within the
Alliance; every member may attend the national convention and vote, and sponsoring unions may send as many delegates as they choose. The membership also discusses and approves policies; raises voluntary donations for the organization's political operations.
498:
The
Alliance also sponsors a separate Alliance for Retired Americans Educational Fund. The Fund has its own board (although it is interlocking to a significant degree with the Alliance's), staff and budget. The Fund's primary activities are threefold: To conduct research and produce publications on
465:
The
Alliance works closely with the White House and Congress to ensure that seniors’ issues like retirement security and prescription drug prices get the attention they deserve. Its members educate and mobilize retirees to participate in national, state and local elections and the Alliances publishes
384:
The
Alliance has also clashed with AARP. The Alliance has often said it is not a competitor with AARP; and, that it wishes to work in cooperation with the much larger seniors' group. However, during the 2003 debate over the Medicare prescription drug benefit, the Alliance broke with AARP and publicly
426:
in 1975 and was a member of the
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) Local Lodge 1056 in New York. He was elected to and held several union leadership positions including serving as the General Secretary-Treasurer of the IAM from 2012 until his retirement in July 2015.
356:
In 1996, NCSC began the process of spinning off its government-funded, senior-employment and housing programs. It established a new division called the
National Senior Citizens Education and Research Center (NSCERC), which continued to administer the SCSEP funds. The two organizations later formally
322:
Although about 90 percent of NCSC's funds were spent on Senior AIDES, the organization stayed very active politically throughout the 1970s. NCSC was particularly active in lobbying for an anti-inflationary measure to protect seniors' incomes; and, it led an energy policy coalition to protect seniors
411:
The
Alliance has four executive officers as well. These are the president, secretary-treasurer, community-based executive vice-president, and an executive vice-president appointed by Alliance affiliates. These four officers oversee the day-to-day operations of the organization. The Alliance also
404:
Alliance members are the governing body of the organization. The membership meets in a national convention every non-presidential election year. The membership elects a president, a secretary-treasurer, a community-based executive vice-president, and six community-based board members. There is no
400:
Member dues are $ 10 a year. The dues of retired union members are paid by each national union (with a cap of $ 100,000, which is adjusted annually). Some AFL-CIO unions pay the dues out of their budgets, rather than assess their retirees or members a special fee to pay the dues. Non-union retirees
246:
After
Kennedy won the election, the AFL-CIO used the coalition built by Senior Citizens-for-Kennedy to push its agenda at the 1961 White House Conference on Aging. The AFL-CIO coordinated the work of these groups during the conference. It established a communications center, and mobilized witnesses
456:. Fiesta has been the executive director of the Alliance since 2013. He served in the Clinton Administration in congressional and public affairs positions at the Departments of Labor and the Interior and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. Fiesta also has extensive experience on Capitol Hill.
369:
In May 2000, the AFL-CIO executive council voted to dissolve NCSC, and reform the group as the Alliance for Retired Americans. Labor-leaders also wanted to reform the group as a tax-exempt nonprofit to which tax-deductible donations could be made. The reorganization also meant that AFL-CIO members
758:
The AFL-CIO says that NCSC is defunct, and that the ARA is a new organization. However, press reports indicate otherwise, and point out that the two organizations share the same officers, board members, and affiliate unions. Amber, "AFL-CIO Launches Retiree Advocacy Group to Lobby on Prescription
502:
Since 2013, the ARA has encouraged and helped older American reach and have access to polls and petitions to vote on crucial bills concerning Medicare and Medicaid. Bringing the petitions to the doors of those the bills will concern has made it possible for their voices to be heard on issues that
396:
Membership in the Alliance is defined quite broadly. Members of NCSC were automatically made charter members of the Alliance, giving the new organization a sizeable membership base. Any retired union member is eligible for membership in the Alliance. Retired workers who were not union members may
211:
Working with Rockefeller and his staff, the AFL-CIO then was able to get national health insurance assigned to the committee on income maintenance. The assignment was critical to the AFL-CIO's strategy for moving federal legislation forward, for the AFL-CIO had decided (as a matter of legislative
141:
The Alliance's retiree members are in every state and are from all walks of life. They are former teachers, industrial workers, health care workers, state and federal government workers, construction workers and community leaders, all united in the belief that every American deserves social and
267:
pushed their retirees to sign up as members, and both unions as well as the AFL-CIO contributed seed-money to finance the group. Forand, who had retired from office in 1960, became the NCSC's first president and William Hutton, a public relations official with the AFL-CIO, its first executive
208:. If the White House Conference on Aging were to recommend national health insurance legislation, having Kean's imprimatur would be important. Kean was also not likely to use the power of his chairmanship against labor in the conference's hearings or votes on its final report.
1617:
230:
stacked up primary wins, the AFL-CIO convinced the Kennedy team on August 12, 1960, to establish a 23-member group called "Senior Citizens-for-Kennedy." The goal of the group was ostensibly to help the candidate develop policy proposals on health care for the aged. Rep.
291:
A shift in NCSC's strategy proved crucial in helping to build support for Medicare as well. NCSC began a major education campaign among middle-aged people, working to raise awareness of how burdensome hospital bills for the elderly could be. Medicare's passage in the
1637:
503:
affect their day-to-day lives. The ARA has taken a much more hands-on approach in recent years to ensure that the needs of retired Americans will not be ignored but put on the top of the priority list for Congress and those creating and deciding on the laws.
439:, executive vice-president. Redmond is also the secretary-treasurer of the AFL-CIO. He is the first African American to hold this office in the history of the labor federation. He had previously served on the federation's Executive Council since 2008.
433:, secretary-treasurer. Peters began his career at the Ford Motor Company. He was elected to a leadership position in the United Auto Workers (UAW) in 1978 and rose through the UAW ranks, culminating in his serving as regional director of UAW Region 1.
284:, organized letter-writing campaigns, and attacked Medicare's opponents by bombarding them with mail and picketing their offices. The assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963 proved fortuitous for Medicare's legislative chances. President
385:
criticized AARP's leaders for being out of touch with seniors and caving in to financial incentives (AARP offers a number of health insurance products, some of which might have suffered had a more generous prescription drug benefit been enacted).
337:
NCSC became even more politically active in the 1980s. The organization fought a number of battles over funding for Social Security and Medicare, inflation and economic policy, heating and energy policy, and affordable housing for the elderly.
1731:
1746:
1530:
250:
The success of the AFL-CIO coalition during the 1961 White House Conference on Aging led Forand to suggest that an organization be formed to push for similar legislation in the future. The American Association of Retired Persons
349:(EPA) with the ability to respond more rapidly to emergency situations and provide ongoing support for long and short-term projects. In 1986, NCSC became a recipient of SEE funds as well. That same year, NCSC started its first
1520:
1585:
168:
administration began to study the needs of the aged, and liberal Republicans began to support health insurance for the elderly. As President Eisenhower's administration drew to a close in 1960, planning began for the first
1721:
605:
Insurance Company. Colonial Penn had access to the AARP membership list, and was opposed to any national health insurance scheme which might detract from its business. See Ball, "What Medicare's Architects Had In Mind,"
445:, executive vice-president. Horwin was elected Executive Vice President of the Alliance in 2022. She taught in the Arizona public school system for 32 years and is a proud representative of 400,000 NEA Retired members.
377:'s Social Security privatization-reform plan in 2004. The Alliance endorsed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2009, and protested against Rep. Paul Ryan's 2010 budget proposals, and proposals by the
276:
In April 1963, President Kennedy met with leaders of NCSC. The meeting led the president to declare each May as "Senior Citizens Month" (now Older Americans Month). It was a sign of NCSC's growing influence.
1627:
470:. Members are also active at the state and local levels, advocating on behalf of retirees on issues such as health care, housing, transportation, and consumer protection. Examples of their work include:
1595:
1642:
1485:
138:, which founded it in 2001. The group's membership also includes non-union, community-based activists. Its predecessor organization was known as the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC).
1771:
1560:
1525:
388:
Barbara Easterling, who had served as the first woman Secretary-Treasurer of the AFL-CIO in 1995, was the president of the Alliance from 2009 to 2015 when she was succeeded by Robert Roach.
185:
1798:
1958:
259:
and AFL-CIO then worked together to transform the Kennedy group into the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC). The new organization was formally announced in July 1961. The
1726:
1716:
319:
in 1968 chose NCSC as one of the organizations designated to operate SCSEP. NCSC called its program the Senior Alert, Industrious, Dedicated, Energetic Service ("Senior AIDES").
334:
strongly wooed NCSC in his ultimately unsuccessful bid to win the Democratic nomination, going so far as to invite NCSC to hold its next national convention in the White House.
1612:
280:
NCSC was instrumental in passing Medicare. It backed a number of (admittedly abortive) legislative efforts, held rallies (including one gigantic, nationally televised event at
373:
Since its relaunch in 2001, the Alliance has been very active politically. It fought against the Republican-endorsed Medicare prescription drug benefit in 2005, and President
311:. Title V of the act created Operation Mainstream, which funded part-time employment for under-employed people aged 55 or older. In 1967, Operation Mainstream was renamed the
1279:
1667:
1662:
1605:
196:, director of the AFL-CIO's Department of Social Security, to closely monitor Rockefeller. When it came time to appoint a chair for the conference, Cruikshank suggested
908:
1622:
205:
1435:
1741:
1354:
1284:
346:
345:. Within the act was a program called the Senior Environmental Employment (SEE). This program provided funds for people aged 55 or older to be employed by the
1776:
1701:
1696:
1647:
1480:
1330:
378:
200:, a liberal Republican congressman from New Jersey. Although Kean had not supported national health insurance previously, he had supported labor on several
1679:
1632:
1470:
1395:
312:
1416:
1963:
1948:
1657:
1652:
1590:
1495:
474:
1555:
1443:
1264:
370:
could now automatically enroll their retirees as members rather than ask them to sign up. The "new" organization was officially launched in May 2001.
1684:
1600:
327:
1269:
1691:
1540:
537:
192:, president of the AFL-CIO. It was Rockefeller who had primary responsibility for planning the upcoming conference. Meany, meanwhile, assigned
1565:
1510:
1315:
1101:
585:
223:
Meanwhile, events that occurred during the 1960 presidential election actually helped boost Cruikshank's chances at the Conference on Aging.
1274:
1906:
220:", was intent on stacking the Conference's committee on health with its representatives in order to block any health insurance discussion.
142:
economic justice, full civil rights, personal and family fulfillment, and a secure and dignified retirement after a lifetime of hard work.
1289:
583:"Statement, Washington, D.C., Representative Aime J. Forand as National Chairman, Senior-Citizens-for-Kennedy Committee," August 12, 1960.
1854:
1672:
307:
During the 1960s and 1970s, NCSC funded its activities largely through the use of federal funds. In 1965, President Johnson signed the
1968:
1766:
1751:
1711:
1320:
801:
226:
During the 1960 presidential election, the AFL-CIO worked to build a coalition in favor of national health insurance for the aged. As
886:
427:
He currently serves as an Auditor for the International Trade Union Confederation and is a board member of the Pension Rights Center.
1545:
1535:
1453:
1448:
1187:
1137:
1075:
1026:
316:
1803:
1550:
1475:
1458:
236:
177:
1911:
1580:
1490:
201:
170:
157:
had promoted health insurance for the poor and indigent since the 1920s, but little legislative interest had been taken in the
1053:
638:
145:
As of 2020, the Alliance has 4.4 million members nationwide and has state programs in 39 states. It has 1,500 local chapters.
1875:
1808:
1385:
1325:
30:
900:
342:
212:
strategy) that any bill should be offered as an amendment to the Social Security Act rather than as a stand-alone law. The
1500:
1465:
1364:
256:
1102:"Statement, Washington, D.C., Representative Aime J. Forand as National Chairman, Senior-Citizens-for-Kennedy Committee,"
1901:
1573:
1305:
213:
158:
1235:
838:
October 29, 2010; Man, Anthony. "Liberal, Union Activists Plan Protests Against Republican Plans for Federal Budget."
578:
357:
separated, although many NCSC board members continued to serve on the NSCERC board. (NSCERC later changed its name to
1505:
350:
1885:
1848:
1879:
1515:
808:
Accessed 2012-10-18; Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. and Weisman, Jonathan. "Bush Allies May Defect Over Fiscal Proposals."
1870:
1865:
1932:
1827:
1380:
639:""History of Older Americans Month," Administration on Aging. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"
530:
304:
By the early 1970s, NCSC had grown to more than 2,000 state and local affiliates across the United States.
1706:
1421:
1390:
1052:"History of Older Americans Month," Administration on Aging, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
961:
Amber, Michelle. "AFL-CIO Launches Retiree Advocacy Group to Lobby on Prescription Drugs, Other Issues."
1180:
281:
1953:
989:
Derickson, Alan. "Health Security for All? Social Unionism and Universal Health Insurance, 1935–1958."
936:
293:
165:
1838:
1833:
487:
481:
1793:
1783:
1761:
1010:
Espo, David. "AARP Waging Big Advertising Blitz to Support GOP's Medicare Prescription Drug Plan."
477:
in Florida, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin in 2020;
412:
has an executive director, who oversees the staff and implements the policies of the organization.
308:
264:
260:
217:
123:
1860:
582:
1756:
204:
votes, had not opposed national health insurance, was open to new ideas, and sat on the powerful
181:
1843:
1359:
1229:
1133:
1071:
1022:
285:
193:
531:"Enyart, the Democratic 12th U.S. House District Nominee, Gains Senior Group's Endorsement."
1173:
872:
November 25, 2003; Walker, "PNHP Joins New Alliance; CARA Wants to Take the Place of AARP,"
864:
Espo, "AARP Waging Big Advertising Blitz to Support GOP's Medicare Prescription Drug Plan,"
436:
48:
834:
Serafini, Marilyn Werber. "Union-Backed Groups Protest Plan by GOP for Medicare Vouchers."
453:
442:
430:
1400:
589:
518:
419:
227:
1241:
868:
November 18, 2003; Finucane, "AARP Faces Protest Within Its Ranks Over Medicare Bill,"
763:
May 24, 2001; Dine, "Labor Leaders Launch Political Organization for Retired Workers,"
374:
232:
127:
1942:
1570:
1335:
1223:
695:
602:
541:
154:
62:
642:
1217:
288:
considered old age health insurance to be a much higher priority than Kennedy did.
240:
189:
296:
was very close, and NCSC's efforts were considered instrumental in its enactment.
1121:
Walker, Cheryl. "PNHP Joins New Alliance; CARA Wants to Take the Place of AARP."
1068:
The Cruikshank Chronicles: Anecdotes, Stories, and Memoirs of a New Deal Liberal.
996:
Dine, Philip. "Labor Leaders Launch Political Organization for Retired Workers."
331:
197:
131:
1922:
1788:
1247:
975:
Battista, Andrew. "Labor and Liberalism: The Citizen Labor Energy Coalition."
577:
Forand had sponsored legislation providing health care for the elderly in the
467:
956:
408:
Between conventions, the Alliance is governed by a national executive board.
358:
1736:
1031:
Finucane, Martin. "AARP Faces Protest Within Its Ranks Over Medicare Bill."
1045:
Halbfinger, David M. "Democrats Give Republicans a Fight for the Elderly."
982:
Churchman, Deborah. "Older Americans Find They Can Make Uncle Sam Listen."
1926:
922:
1196:
1154:
887:"Barbara Easterling, Ruben Burks Re-elected as Leaders of the Alliance"
216:, which vehemently opposed any national health scheme for the aged as "
135:
96:
29:
1159:
719:
Battista, "Labor and Liberalism: The Citizen Labor Energy Coalition,"
188:, was planning a political career and wanted to be on good terms with
821:
Gibson, William. "Obama Tries to Reassure Seniors on Health Reform."
802:
McFeatters, Ann. "Administration Slowly Reaching for the 3rd Rail."
1149:
379:
President's National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
255:), founded in 1958, did not have a substantial membership yet. The
106:
1059:
Hodge, Damon. "Citizens' Group Tackles Important Senior Issues."
788:
December 14, 2005; Garber, Romina. "Medicare Bill Spurs Protest."
771:
May 23, 2001; Greenhouse, "AFL-CIO Forms Retiree Advocacy Group,"
745:
Churchman, "Older Americans Find They Can Make Uncle Sam Listen,"
164:
The political environment began to change in the late 1950s. The
252:
1169:
1089:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
678:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
422:, president. Roach started his career as a ramp serviceman for
901:"Retired GST Roach to Lead the Alliance for Retired Americans"
423:
1087:
Pratt, Henry J. "Old Age Associations in National Politics."
905:
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS
784:"Drug Benefit, Private Social Security Accounts Criticized."
1038:
Greenhouse, Steven. "AFL-CIO Forms Retiree Advocacy Group."
968:
Ball, Robert M. "What Medicare's Architects Had In Mind."
1165:
1107:
Strope, Leigh. "Unions Court Retirees to Vote for Kerry."
186:
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
851:
Reynolds, Julia. "Don't Cut 'Backbone,' Protesters Say."
1130:
Shapers of American Health Care Policy: An Oral History.
326:
NCSC became embroiled in presidential politics again in
957:"About Senior Service America," Senior Service America.
767:
May 24, 2001; Eaton, "AFL-CIO Mustering Its Retirees,"
176:
The by-now merged AFL-CIO held some influence in the
676:
Pratt, "Old Age Associations in National Politics,"
475:
Lawsuits to protect vote by mail and absentee voters
1894:
1817:
1434:
1409:
1373:
1347:
1298:
1257:
1210:
1203:
102:
92:
82:
72:
54:
44:
36:
1003:Eaton, Sabrina. "AFL-CIO Mustering Its Retirees."
1114:Vale, Bill. "Kennedy Hailed by Senior Citizens."
624:Ball, "What Medicare's Architects Had In Mind,"
1959:History of labor relations in the United States
1155:Alliance for Retired Americans Educational Fund
1066:Hoffman, Alice M. and Hoffman, Howard S., eds.
1355:International Labor Communications Association
1181:
601:AARP also had a strong relationship with the
347:United States Environmental Protection Agency
8:
1331:Labor Council for Latin American Advancement
1132:Chicago: Health Administration Press, 1985.
1396:Labor and Working-Class History Association
732:Vale, "Kennedy Hailed by Senior Citizens,"
313:Senior Community Service Employment Program
1207:
1188:
1174:
1166:
1054:Older Americans Month > Previous Themes
1019:Biographical Dictionary of American Labor.
28:
17:
556:
554:
552:
550:
1070:North Haven, Conn.: Archon Books, 1989.
1021:Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984.
1104:August 12, 1960. Accessed Jan. 6, 2007.
937:"Alliance for Retired Americans's file"
690:
688:
686:
562:Shapers of American Health Care Policy,
511:
365:Decline, reorganization and name change
1417:AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union
1128:Weeks, Lewis E. and Berman, Howard J.
620:
618:
616:
519:Alliance leadership. Robert Roach, Jr.
415:In 2022, the Alliance's officers are:
1316:Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance
343:Environmental Programs Assistance Act
7:
1907:Congress of Industrial Organizations
911:from the original on April 5, 2023.
482:Senate Battleground Voter Education
1321:Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
700:The Center for Workforce Inclusion
272:Critical role in enacting Medicare
214:American Medical Association (AMA)
14:
1964:Organizations established in 1961
1949:Trade unions in the United States
925:. Alliance for Retired Americans.
564:1985; Hoffman, and Hoffman, eds.
381:to cut Social Security benefits.
317:United States Department of Labor
124:501(c)(4) non-profit organization
1925:
1162:(successor organization to NCSC)
243:) was named chair of the group.
184:, then an undersecretary in the
1912:Directly affiliated local union
171:White House Conference on Aging
1386:International Rescue Committee
1326:Coalition of Labor Union Women
1311:Alliance for Retired Americans
1150:Alliance for Retired Americans
341:In 1984, Congress enacted the
206:House Ways and Means Committee
116:Alliance for Retired Americans
22:Alliance for Retired Americans
1:
1365:Working for America Institute
397:become full members as well.
257:Democratic National Committee
1902:American Federation of Labor
1306:A. Philip Randolph Institute
1160:Senior Service America, Inc.
1082:Providence Journal-Bulletin.
991:Journal of American History.
840:Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel.
823:Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel.
401:pay dues of $ 10.00 a year.
359:Senior Service America, Inc.
159:American Federation of Labor
134:members affiliated with the
88:Robert Roach, Jr., president
579:86th United States Congress
468:Congressional Voting Record
1985:
1080:"Mulvey (Crowley), Mary."
984:Christian Science Monitor.
747:Christian Science Monitor,
566:The Cruikshank Chronicles,
488:Stopping the “Chained CPI”
351:political action committee
153:The labor movement in the
963:Health Care Daily Report.
761:Health Care Daily Report,
533:Belleville News-Democrat.
300:Growth period and funding
173:, to take place in 1961.
27:
20:
1732:Printers & Engravers
998:St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
765:St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
588:August 19, 2006, at the
392:Structure and governance
323:from high energy costs.
130:organization of retired
107:www.retiredamericans.org
1933:Organized labour portal
1381:American Rights at Work
1123:Orange County Register.
1005:Cleveland Plain Dealer.
874:Orange County Register,
853:Monterey County Herald.
769:Cleveland Plain Dealer,
228:Senator John F. Kennedy
1969:Seniors' organizations
1820:central labor councils
1818:State federations and
1422:National Labor College
1391:Jewish Labor Committee
1340:Union Veterans Council
1280:Professional Employees
1056:Accessed Jan. 6, 2007.
907:. September 22, 2015.
759:Drugs, Other Issues,"
1285:Transportation Trades
1091:415 (September 1974).
965:6:101 (May 24, 2001).
461:Alliance Achievements
282:Madison Square Garden
1348:Allied organizations
786:Duluth News-Tribune.
592:Accessed 2007-01-06.
544:Accessed 2012-10-18.
521:retiredamericans.org
449:Executive Director:
1299:Constituency groups
1084:September 23, 2003.
1017:Fink, Gary M., ed.
979:40:3 (August 1999).
972:14:4 (Winter 1995).
645:on February 2, 2007
309:Older Americans Act
265:United Steelworkers
261:United Auto Workers
218:socialized medicine
1125:February 19, 2004.
1035:November 25, 2003.
1014:November 18, 2003.
993:80:4 (March 1994).
941:www.politifact.com
876:February 19, 2004.
855:February 22, 2011.
812:December 15, 2004.
560:Weeks and Berman,
431:Joseph Peters, Jr.
182:Nelson Rockefeller
1920:
1919:
1436:Affiliated unions
1430:
1429:
1360:Solidarity Center
1244: (2009–2021)
1238: (1995–2009)
1230:Thomas R. Donahue
1226: (1979–1995)
1220: (1955–1979)
1116:Associated Press.
1109:Associated Press.
1033:Associated Press.
1012:Associated Press.
870:Associated Press,
866:Associated Press,
734:Associated Press,
535:October 16, 2012.
420:Robert Roach, Jr.
286:Lyndon B. Johnson
194:Nelson Cruikshank
112:
111:
1976:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1876:Washington State
1208:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1111:August 11, 2004.
1049:August 11, 2004.
945:
944:
933:
927:
926:
919:
913:
912:
897:
891:
890:
883:
877:
862:
856:
849:
843:
832:
826:
819:
813:
810:Washington Post.
806:January 9, 2005.
799:
793:
782:
776:
756:
750:
743:
737:
730:
724:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
692:
681:
674:
668:
661:
655:
654:
652:
650:
641:. Archived from
635:
629:
622:
611:
599:
593:
575:
569:
558:
545:
528:
522:
516:
494:Educational Fund
65:
49:Washington, D.C.
32:
18:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1890:
1819:
1813:
1426:
1405:
1401:Working America
1369:
1343:
1294:
1270:Maritime Trades
1265:Building Trades
1253:
1236:John J. Sweeney
1199:
1194:
1146:
1094:"Squared Off."
1063:August 5, 1998.
1061:Southeast View.
1047:New York Times.
1040:New York Times.
970:Health Affairs.
953:
948:
935:
934:
930:
921:
920:
916:
899:
898:
894:
885:
884:
880:
863:
859:
850:
846:
842:March 14, 2011.
833:
829:
820:
816:
800:
796:
783:
779:
773:New York Times,
757:
753:
744:
740:
731:
727:
718:
714:
704:
702:
694:
693:
684:
680:September 1974.
675:
671:
663:"Squared Off,"
662:
658:
648:
646:
637:
636:
632:
626:Health Affairs,
623:
614:
608:Health Affairs,
600:
596:
590:Wayback Machine
576:
572:
559:
548:
529:
525:
517:
513:
509:
496:
463:
394:
367:
302:
274:
202:Social Security
151:
85:
75:
68:
61:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:(2021–present)
1245:
1242:Richard Trumka
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1144:External links
1142:
1141:
1140:
1126:
1119:
1118:June 27, 1980.
1112:
1105:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
986:March 6, 1984.
980:
977:Labor History.
973:
966:
959:
952:
949:
947:
946:
928:
914:
892:
889:. May 2, 2014.
878:
857:
844:
827:
814:
794:
792:July 29, 2003.
777:
751:
749:March 6, 1984.
738:
736:June 27, 1980.
725:
721:Labor History,
712:
682:
669:
656:
630:
612:
594:
570:
546:
540:2013-01-18 at
523:
510:
508:
505:
495:
492:
491:
490:
485:
478:
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:Richard Fiesta
447:
446:
440:
434:
428:
393:
390:
375:George W. Bush
366:
363:
301:
298:
273:
270:
233:Aime J. Forand
161:'s proposals.
150:
147:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
58:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1981:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:West Virginia
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:New York City
1852:
1850:
1849:Massachusetts
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:Allied groups
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1336:Pride at Work
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:Lane Kirkland
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:0-910701-09-1
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:June 1, 1962.
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:0-208-02250-3
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1042:May 24, 2001.
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:0-313-22865-5
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1007:May 23, 2001.
1006:
1002:
1000:May 24, 2001.
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
942:
938:
932:
929:
924:
918:
915:
910:
906:
902:
896:
893:
888:
882:
879:
875:
871:
867:
861:
858:
854:
848:
845:
841:
837:
836:Buffalo News.
831:
828:
825:June 7, 2010.
824:
818:
815:
811:
807:
805:
804:Toledo Blade.
798:
795:
791:
790:Miami Herald.
787:
781:
778:
775:May 24, 2001.
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
752:
748:
742:
739:
735:
729:
726:
722:
716:
713:
701:
697:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
673:
670:
667:June 1, 1962.
666:
660:
657:
644:
640:
634:
631:
627:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
604:
603:Colonial Penn
598:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
574:
571:
567:
563:
557:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:archive.today
539:
536:
534:
527:
524:
520:
515:
512:
506:
504:
500:
493:
489:
486:
483:
479:
476:
473:
472:
471:
469:
460:
455:
452:
451:
450:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
425:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
409:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
386:
382:
380:
376:
371:
364:
362:
360:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
318:
315:(SCSEP). The
314:
310:
305:
299:
297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
278:
271:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:
244:
242:
238:
234:
229:
224:
221:
219:
215:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:White House.
179:
174:
172:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:United States
148:
146:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
81:
77:
71:
64:
63:United States
60:
59:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1871:Rhode Island
1866:Pennsylvania
1826:California (
1310:
1275:Metal Trades
1232: (1995)
1218:George Meany
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1067:
1060:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
940:
931:
917:
904:
895:
881:
873:
869:
865:
860:
852:
847:
839:
835:
830:
822:
817:
809:
803:
797:
789:
785:
780:
772:
768:
764:
760:
754:
746:
741:
733:
728:
723:August 1999.
720:
715:
703:. Retrieved
699:
677:
672:
664:
659:
647:. Retrieved
643:the original
633:
628:Winter 1995.
625:
610:Winter 1995.
607:
597:
573:
565:
561:
532:
526:
514:
501:
497:
464:
448:
443:Julie Horwin
437:Fred Redmond
414:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
383:
372:
368:
355:
340:
336:
325:
321:
306:
303:
290:
279:
275:
249:
245:
241:Rhode Island
225:
222:
210:
190:George Meany
175:
163:
152:
144:
140:
119:
115:
113:
93:Affiliations
45:Headquarters
15:
1638:Ironworkers
1290:Union Label
1258:Departments
332:Ted Kennedy
198:Robert Kean
132:trade union
128:nonpartisan
1943:Categories
1853:New York (
1789:UNITE HERE
1248:Liz Shuler
1211:Presidents
1204:Governance
951:References
649:January 7,
466:an annual
330:. Senator
268:director.
178:Republican
166:Eisenhower
84:Key people
78:4 million+
1828:South Bay
1737:SAG-AFTRA
1702:NFLPA/FPA
923:"Join Us"
294:US Senate
74:Members
1895:See also
1410:Programs
1197:AFL-CIO
909:Archived
705:June 25,
586:Archived
538:Archived
149:Founding
55:Location
1954:AFL–CIO
1839:Indiana
1834:Florida
696:"About"
581:. See:
136:AFL-CIO
122:) is a
103:Website
97:AFL-CIO
37:Founded
1861:Oregon
1799:UURWAW
1722:OPCMIA
1717:NWSLPA
1643:IUANPW
1574:Locals
1486:AFSCME
1136:
1074:
1025:
1844:Maine
1777:RWDSU
1747:SMART
1727:OPEIU
1697:NATCA
1673:NPMHU
1668:LIUNA
1663:IUPAT
1628:IFPTE
1613:IATSE
1586:GMPIU
1561:NABET
1531:BCTGM
1096:Time.
665:Time,
568:1989.
507:Notes
480:2016
1880:King
1809:WGAE
1804:UWUA
1784:UMWA
1772:DWAW
1767:UFCW
1712:NTWA
1692:NALC
1685:PASS
1680:MEBA
1658:IUPA
1653:IUOE
1648:IUEC
1623:IBEW
1606:TCIU
1601:NFFE
1591:IAFF
1581:FLOC
1566:PPMW
1541:CSEA
1521:AWIU
1511:ATDA
1501:APWU
1496:ALPA
1481:AFSA
1471:AFGE
1459:GIAA
1454:AGVA
1449:AGMA
1444:AAAA
1134:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1023:ISBN
707:2023
651:2007
328:1980
263:and
253:AARP
126:and
114:The
40:2001
1794:USW
1762:UAW
1752:TWU
1742:SIU
1707:NNU
1633:ILA
1618:IBB
1596:IAM
1571:TNG
1556:IUE
1551:AFA
1546:CWA
1536:BRS
1526:BAC
1516:ATU
1506:ARA
1491:AFT
1476:AFM
1466:AEA
424:TWA
120:ARA
1945::
1757:UA
939:.
903:.
698:.
685:^
615:^
549:^
361:)
353:.
1882:)
1878:(
1857:)
1830:)
1189:e
1182:t
1175:v
943:.
709:.
653:.
484:;
251:(
239:-
237:D
235:(
118:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
