76:. Originally Italy had adopted a similar system by Royal Decree in 1915, where by ships were requisitioned for a period of time at a fixed rate of hire to carry Government cargoes. The owner was responsible for recruiting and paying the crew, with the Government paying the running expenses and managing the vessel. This was altered in January 1916 for a system whereby the ship owners were paid per tonnage delivered. However with 90% of the supplies consisting of cereals and coal this very soon led to shortages in both these areas and so the government returned to the requisitioning system.
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France had a more varied range of imports and did not face serious shortages until later. Some ships were requisitioned on a bare-boat basis â where the
Government recruited and supplied the crew, a somewhat inefficient charter system with much trade continuing on a pre-war basis. However the British
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In
January 1917 the Inter-Allied Shipping Committee was established with representatives from Great Britain, France, and Italy. However this body was ineffective lacking ministerial input for policy development or suitable officials to organise either shipping or supplies. Russia was not involved â
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The
Tonnage Sub-Committee was responsible for implementing any decisions of the council concerning the co-operative use or programming of tonnage. It also gathered information about the amount and disposition of the tonnage under the control of each Ally and examined any proposals made by them as
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The USA introduced a requisitioning system in 1917, however paying increased costs. With the requirements which arose from shipping the Army to Europe, quite drastic steps were taken to organise control. Restrictions on imports were more exercised by policy decisions than control of shipping. In
206:, just run by states, trying to eliminate the economic and logistic competition between the partners. So the organization tried to hold prices down, pooled the allied tonnage and coordinated the allied logistics with substantial rationalization effects.
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general the US did not face shortages, however public appeals were made for citizens to voluntarily reduce consumption so that goods could be sent to Europe. For example an appeal issued by the newly founded
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Time-charter requisitioning method was gradually introduced and the
Minister of Commerce was exercising full control over French supplies by the time the AMTC was established.
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earlier that year. The United States formally joined the AMTC only on
October 1, 1918. The Transport Council existed until March 1919, when it was merged with the
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Salter and Monnet called their business in the AMTC âinternational administrationâ. In more critical terms the
Transport Council worked like a
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regards any improvements made by them in this area as well as doing their best to see that any agreed improvements were carried out.
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was established with an
American chairman. This met in Paris and London to arrange the allocation of credits for American purchases.
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Each nation appointed its respective ministers (or delegates) in charge of shipping to the council. The representatives were:
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on 2 April 1917 and increasing problems in handling supplies particularly in France and Italy made re-organisation essential.
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for the public to eat more maize bread was successful, and more wheat could be exported to their
European allies. Also the
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shipping issues as regards this country being followed in a different basis. By the time the AMTC was established the
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Their work was supported by three subcommittees, each responsible for reporting to the main committee
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Marc McClure, "Earnest
Endeavors: The Life and Public Work of George Rublee", Greenwood 2003.
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357:"Allied Maritime Transport Council. 2/1918-4/7/1919: Organization Authority Record"
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Allied shipping control : an experiment in international administration
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had occurred, and therefore Russia was not involved. However with the
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The system of control was based on that previously developed in the
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Second
Meeting of the Council, Paris, 23â25 April, 1918
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to coordinate shipping between the allied powers of
187:The AMTC had a Main Executive Committee chaired by
199:(Italy) with the later addition of George Rublee.
20:(AMTC) was an international agency created during
167:Fourth Meeting of the Council, 30 September, 1918
164:Third Meeting of the Council, 29â30 August, 1918
158:First Meeting of the Council, 11â14 March, 1918
170:Fifth Meeting of the Council, 1 February, 1919
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440:1919 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
173:Sixth Meeting of the Council, 10 March, 1919
46:resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
52:. Its executive committees were disbanded.
445:Military logistics of the United Kingdom
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450:Military logistics of the United States
400:. Oxford: Oxford : Clarendon Press
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150:(from July 1918) for the United States
435:Defunct organisations based in London
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326:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia
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425:Military logistics of World War I
86:United States Food Administration
18:Allied Maritime Transport Council
367:from the original on 2018-06-24
154:The Council held six meetings:
67:American entry into World War I
303:, Oxford:Clarendon Press 1921.
90:War Purchase and Finance Board
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430:1917 establishments in France
455:Military logistics of France
231:Mr. Browett (Great Britain).
460:Military logistics of Italy
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269:Mr. J. A. Field (U.S.A.).
258:Statistical Sub-Committee
136:, the latter replaced by
40:. The council (based in
183:Main Executive Committee
50:Supreme Economic Council
394:Salter, Arthur (1921).
324:Spencer Tucker (2005).
300:Allied Shipping Control
273:William Palin Elderton
228:Mr. Shearman (U.S.A.).
225:Lieut. Farina (Italy).
140:in May 1918 for Italy;
297:James Arthur Salter:
266:Signor Pardo (Italy).
241:M. Halgouet (France).
236:Imports Sub-Committee
222:M. Revillon (France).
213:Tonnage Sub-Committee
361:catalog.archives.gov
263:M. Seitert (France).
189:James Arthur Salter
144:Raymond B. Stevens
116:for Great Britain;
63:Russian Revolution
245:Bernardo Attolico
197:Bernardo Attolico
134:Salvatore Orlando
120:Ătienne ClĂ©mentel
114:Sir Joseph Maclay
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404:15 September
402:. Retrieved
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369:. Retrieved
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195:, (France),
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110:Robert Cecil
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193:Jean Monnet
126:for France;
101:The Council
22:World War I
419:Categories
371:2020-01-24
344:References
191:alongside
36:, and the
253:(U.S.A.).
96:Structure
365:Archived
280:See also
308:Memoirs
247:(Italy)
56:Prelude
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204:cartel
42:London
26:France
30:Italy
406:2018
330:ISBN
146:and
132:and
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16:The
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