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Alphabets of Anatolia

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The alphabets of Asia Minor proper share characteristics that distinguish them from the earliest attested forms of the Greek alphabet. Many letters in these alphabets resemble Greek letters but have unrelated readings, most extensively in the case of Carian. The
1311: 1091: 42: 1350: 1304: 735:; the earliest Phrygian inscriptions are contemporary with early Greek inscriptions, but contain Greek innovations such as the letters 1084: 108: 89: 1044: 61: 809:. Only partially understood, there were 45 letters. Many of these resemble the Greek alphabet in form, but have different values. 533: 1297: 1050: 68: 46: 831:, an alphabet of 25 letters, only a few of which are clearly derived from Greek, known from coin legends in what might be a 379: 769:
from ca. the 5th to 4th centuries BCE; a related script is the "Para-Lydian" alphabet known from a single inscription in
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The Anatolian alphabets fell out of use around the 4th century BCE with the onset of the
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Geschichte der Schrift. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer geistigen Entwicklung
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alphabets by contrast were early adaptations of regional variants of the
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which did not exist in the earliest forms of the Greek alphabet.
740: 736: 1073: 848:. It is attested in about 30 inscriptions around the region of 711:. Several of these languages had previously been written with 18: 1285: 873:, except for the presence of a special character for 1225: 1209: 1138: 1107: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1305: 1085: 1022:The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind 8: 780:, known from a single inscription found in 1312: 1298: 1135: 1092: 1078: 1070: 135: 861:, an alphabet of 21 letters used for the 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 965: 245: 16:Alphabets in use in Iron Age Anatolia 7: 1266: 1264: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 822:from the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. 14: 765:, an alphabet used to record the 1268: 888: 844:, an alphabet used to write the 23: 871:early Greek epichoric alphabets 159: 34:needs additional citations for 1: 797:, known from inscriptions in 636: 619: 606: 474: 267: 226: 1351:Ancient Greek language stubs 1284:. You can help Knowledge by 1029:Friedrich, Johannes (1966). 818:, an alphabet recording the 919:Northeastern Iberian script 869:) which is very similar to 243: 1367: 1263: 694:alphabetic writing systems 129:of the name 𐊨𐊣𐊠𐊦𐊹𐊸, 1060:(titus.uni-frankfurt.de) 1058:Lydian-Aramaean bilingue 1024:. Cambridge: Hutchinson. 975:"The Carian word qlaλiś" 1276:This article about the 1064:Lycian inscribed pillar 1047:(indoeuro.bizland.com) 1045:Alphabets of Asia Minor 904:History of the alphabet 142:History of the alphabet 58:"Alphabets of Anatolia" 534:Great Lakes Algonquian 133: 1033:. Heidelberg: Winter. 993:Harvardartmuseums.org 218:Ancient South Arabian 124: 1066:(holylandphotos.org) 914:Old Italic alphabets 153:Egyptian hieroglyphs 43:improve this article 1336:Anatolian languages 1101:Anatolian languages 944:Old European script 705:Anatolian languages 380:Canadian Aboriginal 1051:Carian inscription 939:Luwian hieroglyphs 778:Para-Lydian script 748:Hellenistic period 604:Caucasian Albanian 134: 1346:Iron Age Anatolia 1293: 1292: 1258: 1257: 1250:Phrygian alphabet 1205: 1204: 954:Hittite cuneiform 863:Phrygian language 846:Pisidian language 690: 689: 230: 5th c. BCE 119: 118: 111: 93: 1358: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1272: 1265: 1240:Carian alphabets 1136: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1071: 1034: 1025: 1004: 1003: 1001: 999: 985: 979: 978: 970: 898: 893: 892: 833:Sidetic language 793:, recording the 782:Sardis Synagogue 641: 638: 624: 621: 611: 608: 479: 476: 413: 412: 272: 269: 248: 231: 228: 207: 206: 185: 184: 173: 172: 161: 157: 156: 136: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1245:Lycian alphabet 1235:Lydian alphabet 1221: 1217:Proto-Anatolian 1210:Reconstructions 1201: 1134: 1103: 1098: 1041: 1028: 1018:Diringer, David 1016: 1013: 1011:Further reading 1008: 1007: 997: 995: 987: 986: 982: 973:Palaeolexicon. 972: 971: 967: 962: 924:Iberian scripts 894: 887: 884: 867:Mysian language 858:Phrygian script 841:Pisidian script 820:Lycian language 795:Carian language 767:Lydian language 756: 696:were in use in 686: 685: 684: 639: 622: 609: 477: 406: 405: 282: 281: 270: 229: 200: 199: 178: 177: 166: 165: 150: 149: 144: 125:Inscription in 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1364: 1362: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1280:language is a 1273: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1040: 1039:External links 1037: 1036: 1035: 1026: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 980: 964: 963: 961: 958: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 909:Greek alphabet 906: 900: 899: 883: 880: 879: 878: 853: 836: 828:Sidetic script 823: 810: 785: 774: 755: 752: 733:Greek alphabet 688: 687: 683: 682: 681: 680: 674: 673: 672: 671: 670: 652: 651: 650: 649: 648: 631: 625: 614: 613: 612: 595: 589: 583: 577: 576: 575: 569: 563: 562: 561: 555: 549: 543: 537: 531: 507: 506: 505: 499: 498: 497: 496: 495: 494: 493: 482: 481: 480: 451: 450: 449: 448: 447: 429: 423: 422: 421: 403: 402: 401: 398:Square Aramaic 389: 388: 387: 386: 385: 384: 383: 371: 370: 369: 357: 356: 355: 349: 343: 316: 304: 303: 302: 283: 280: 279: 273: 262: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 234: 233: 232: 215: 203:Proto-Sinaitic 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 146: 145: 140: 139: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1363: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1331:Ancient Greek 1329: 1328: 1326: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278:Ancient Greek 1274: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1010: 994: 990: 984: 981: 976: 969: 966: 959: 955: 952: 950: 949:Trojan script 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 897: 891: 886: 881: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 859: 854: 851: 847: 843: 842: 837: 834: 830: 829: 824: 821: 817: 816: 815:Lycian script 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 791: 790:Carian script 786: 783: 779: 775: 772: 768: 764: 763: 762:Lydian script 758: 757: 753: 751: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 699: 695: 678: 677:Paleohispanic 675: 668: 665: 664: 662: 659: 658: 656: 655:Libyco-Berber 653: 646: 643: 642: 635: 632: 629: 626: 618: 615: 605: 602: 601: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 573: 570: 567: 564: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 526: 525: 523: 520: 519: 517: 514: 513: 511: 508: 503: 500: 491: 488: 487: 486: 483: 473: 472:Old Hungarian 470: 469: 467: 464: 463: 461: 458: 457: 455: 452: 445: 442: 441: 439: 436: 435: 433: 430: 427: 424: 419: 416: 415: 411: 410: 404: 399: 396: 395: 393: 390: 381: 378: 377: 376:10th century 375: 372: 367: 364: 363: 361: 358: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 337: 335: 332: 331: 329: 328: 323: 322: 320: 317: 314: 311: 310: 308: 305: 300: 297: 296: 294: 291: 290: 288: 285: 284: 277: 274: 266: 263: 260: 257: 247: 241: 240: 238: 235: 225: 222: 221: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 205: 204: 198: 191: 188: 187: 183: 182: 176: 175: 171: 170: 164: 163: 155: 154: 148: 147: 143: 138: 137: 132: 128: 123: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 1286:expanding it 1275: 1260: 1030: 1021: 998:13 September 996:. Retrieved 992: 983: 968: 874: 865:(22 for the 856: 839: 826: 813: 788: 777: 760: 745: 721: 691: 667:Neo-Tifinagh 663:4th century 657:10th c. BCE 536:19th century 468:6th century 440:4th century 407: 362:7th century 346:Dhives Akuru 336:4th century 325: 295:10th c. BCE 293:Paleo-Hebrew 289:12th c. BCE 239:12th c. BCE 208:19th c. BCE 201: 179: 174:32nd c. BCE 167: 151: 130: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 1190:Cappadocian 896:Asia portal 713:logographic 594:3rd century 588:3rd century 574:4th century 568:2nd century 524:7th c. BCE 518:8th c. BCE 512:8th c. BCE 504:2nd century 462:2nd c. BCE 456:2nd c. BCE 434:2nd c. BCE 420:4th century 414:3rd c. BCE 394:3rd c. BCE 348:6th century 342:4th century 321:3rd c. BCE 309:8th c. BCE 271: 1601 220:9th c. BCE 214:15th c. BCE 186:7th c. BCE 1325:Categories 960:References 703:to record 679:7th c. BCE 645:Old Permic 640: 940 628:Glagolitic 623: 430 610: 420 582:5th c. BCE 485:Old Uyghur 478: 650 466:Old Turkic 428:2nd c. BCE 374:Devanagari 315:3rd c. BCE 301:6th c. BCE 287:Phoenician 237:Phoenician 192:3rd c. BCE 69:newspapers 1341:Alphabets 1227:Alphabets 1196:Lycaonian 1130:Kalasmaic 1108:Languages 754:Alphabets 719:scripts. 540:Blackfoot 490:Mongolian 432:Nabataean 426:Palmyrene 366:ʼPhags-pa 313:Kharosthi 299:Samaritan 1184:Isaurian 1173:Pisidian 1020:(1948). 934:Linear B 929:Linear A 882:See also 725:Phrygian 717:syllabic 709:Phrygian 701:Anatolia 698:Iron Age 692:Various 661:Tifinagh 634:Cyrillic 617:Georgian 598:Armenian 516:Etruscan 212:Ugaritic 190:Meroitic 169:Hieratic 99:May 2021 1168:Sidetic 1115:Hittite 850:Pisidia 729:Lemnian 552:Saanich 528:Deseret 502:Mandaic 460:Sogdian 418:Avestan 409:Pahlavi 360:Tibetan 334:Pallava 327:Brahmic 307:Aramaic 181:Demotic 83:scholar 1178:Trojan 1163:Carian 1158:Milyan 1153:Lycian 1148:Luwian 1125:Lydian 1120:Palaic 807:Athens 771:Sardis 592:Gothic 586:Coptic 580:Lycian 546:Fraser 454:Syriac 438:Arabic 392:Hebrew 319:Brahmi 265:Thaana 259:Hangul 131:qlaλiś 127:Carian 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  1140:Luwic 803:Egypt 799:Caria 572:Ogham 566:Runic 558:Osage 522:Latin 510:Greek 352:Khmer 276:Adlam 246:below 224:Geʽez 158:32nd 90:JSTOR 76:books 1282:stub 1000:2018 855:The 838:The 825:The 812:The 805:and 787:The 776:The 759:The 739:and 727:and 715:and 707:and 669:1970 647:1372 600:405 560:2006 554:1978 548:1915 542:1888 530:1854 492:1204 446:1949 444:N'Ko 400:2007 382:1840 368:1269 340:Cham 278:1989 261:1443 244:see 162:BCE 62:news 1198:(?) 1192:(?) 1186:(?) 1180:(?) 630:862 354:611 45:by 1327:: 991:. 801:, 750:. 637:c. 620:c. 607:c. 475:c. 330:) 268:c. 227:c. 160:c. 1313:e 1306:t 1299:v 1288:. 1093:e 1086:t 1079:v 1002:. 977:. 877:. 875:j 852:. 835:. 773:. 741:Ψ 737:Φ 324:( 249:) 242:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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"Alphabets of Anatolia"
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Carian
History of the alphabet
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Hieratic
Demotic
Meroitic
Proto-Sinaitic
Ugaritic
Ancient South Arabian
Geʽez
Phoenician
below
Hangul
Thaana
Adlam
Phoenician
Paleo-Hebrew
Samaritan

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