607:, Khwaja Basan, and five thousand horsemen to take Alqas' family hostage. Dawlatyar, steward of Alqas' ordu, hearing this took the family to Gulustan Fortress. Another contingent under Suleyman bey Chalabi Chepni with 600 men was sent to besiege Derbent. Alqas responded by sending Muhammad bey Afshar, as well as Deli and Saru Qaytmas brothers. Muhammad bey was defeated near Qabala and some officers of Alqas was imprisoned or killed. Unable to withstand the Shah's forces, Alqas fled to
518:, a certain Begoglu Ustajlu wanted to marry Khanbegi Khanum, Alqas' mother and Tahmasp allowed him. As a response, Alqas executed him. Walter Posch argues that after execution of Ghazi, Alqas received his soldiers and with Shirvanshah treasury and robust economy, he felt powerful enough to act de-facto independent. Disgruntled Shirvanian nobility also favored Alqas. He soon stopped
36:
623:
route in 1547 with 40 followers. Despite Alqas fleeing, Gulustan
Fortress continued to resist, its commander Dawlatyar killing Safavid emir Hamza beg Kashani. Fortress was taken after three months of siege. Derbent also fell after its defender Khanbegi Khanum surrendered. Tahmasp granted Shirvan to
587:
to pass through their territory. However, he couldn't do much because of cold in mountainous region. Several officiers, including
Parvandi agha Rumlu and Shahnazar beg, brother of Darvish Muhammad fell in battle while fighting against Circassians. Managed to kill only 600 Circassians, he was forced
725:
Sadiqi Beg describes him as having a poetic temperament. Alqas's interest in the visual arts is evidenced by two illuminated manuscripts likely completed for him in
Shirvan. His major cultural contributions went to the Ottomans, with his gift of royal Safavid treasures remaining in
506:
of Alqas in 1540/41 following capture of Baku in winter. Ghazi being an adversary of
Ustajlu tribe disrupted the balance between tribes and constrained the prince's autonomy. To make matters worse, his brother Ali beg Takalu was appointed as custodian of
705:
Alqas was delivered to Hasan bey
Yuzbashi and was incarcerated at Qahqaha fortress alongside his sons. Six months later, Alqas was thrown from the ramparts of the fortress to his death on 9 April 1550 by Hasan Yuzbashi, whose father was Begoglu Ustajlu.
551:
and 1000 horsemen every year as a tribute, join
Tahmasp's upcoming campaign to Georgia and execute Shirvanian nobles. According to Matrakçı Nasuh, this request was refused again. Enraged Tahmasp recalled him to court, meanwhile Alqas sent a rider to
448:
came to the aid of
Shirvanshah, he was ambushed by Talysh contingent and retreated. Shirvanshah finally surrendered with his wakil. Letter of the surrender forwarded by Alqas reached Tahmasp on 14 September 1538 in
636:
At
Istanbul, he contacted the Ottoman sultan Suleiman, explaining his reason of departure from Iran, as well as his desire to return there as an Ottoman client. Upon hearing this, Suleiman hastily moved from
1249:
841:
Szuppe, Maria. “La participation des femmes de la famille royale à l'exercice du pouvoir en Iran safavide au XVIe siècle. (Seconde partie) : L'entourage des princesses et leurs activités politiques.”
543:
named Ali agha Akhcha Sakal
Urganch oghlu and demanded execution of Alqas' Shirvanian vizier Sayyid Mir Azizullah Shirvani. Alqas refused to carry out order, claiming that he couldn't shed blood of a
403:
writing a century later, legitimized
Safavid incursion into Shirvan emirs oppressing people and using Shahrukh as a puppet. However, there is some evidence, according to
395:
approved the revolt and sent envoys to Tahmasp, inviting him to invade the country. Although Qalandar was eventually defeated by support from Shamkhalate forces near
1360:
828:
796:
709:
He was married to Khadija Soltan Khanum, daughter of Mantasha Soltan Ustajlu. He had two sons with her - Soltan Ahmad and Farrukh Mirza. Khadija was remarried to
645:. Soon, Alqas with support from Suleiman, marched on his former country. Aided by Ulama Pasha Takalu, a renegade Safavid, now beylerbey of Erzurum, he occupied
693:. Alqas finally returned to Ottoman territories on 19 January 1549. Fearing of his failure and imminent punishment, Alqas appealed to Kurdish chief Surkhab of
511:. However, Ghazi soon started to show rebellious tendencies. Following an order from Tahmasp, Alqas executed Ghazi and his brother Mustafa beg in 1544/45.
1355:
1350:
348:
1330:
752:. "I loved him more than any of my brothers and sons. The stupid man rebelled for no reason. After his death, the world became calm," he wrote.
761:
547:. Brothers tentatively reconciled however, following an intermediation by Alqas' mother and son in May–June 1546. Alqas agreed to provide 1000
1340:
1335:
1216:
1119:
1087:
942:
457:
as hostage on 11 October. Tahmasp subsequently ordered the Bughurt Fortress to be demolished on 19 October and appointed Alqas as first
1237:
1181:
928:
560:
and his letters were forwarded to shah. However, Safavid sources agree that Alqas was in agreement with his brother and obeyed him.
410:
As a result, in March 1538 Tahmasp I ordered Alqas to move against Shirvan together with his regent Badr Khan, his father-in-law
1262:
479:
392:
422:
and other emirs. After crossing Kura river with 300 men-strong garrison and 20,000 soldiers and occupying Surkhab (near modern
713:
in 1552. She was remarried to Sayyed Abolqasem Razavi in 1559. Both Soltan Ahmad and Farrukh Mirza were killed alongside
641:
to meet the exiled Alqas, who promised strong Qizilbash support if Suleiman might help him, and he may have converted to
1200:
431:
478:
were still resisting. The latter joined as a vassal state following marriage of Darvish Muhammad Khan to queen-dowager
1141:
1345:
1279:
567:. From Tahmasp's viewpoint, him being in Georgia prevented Alqas from contacting Ottomans. Tahmasp was to support
1325:
962:
650:
1320:
1258:
356:
330:
41:
399:
and was killed, this was enough excuse for Safavid forces to intervene to "quell disarray". Safavid historian
427:
411:
319:
1227:
1171:
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580:
376:
307:
600:
415:
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revolt, whose leader claimed to be Khalilullah's brother Muhammad and marched on Shahrukh. According to
483:
137:
1315:
1310:
529:
735:
924:
666:
572:
400:
372:
326:
299:
109:
1080:
The History of political, social, economical and cultural developments in Iran in the Safavid era
899:
822:
790:
515:
487:
396:
388:
453:. Gulustan was taken few days later, on 27 September. It was decided for Shahrukh to be sent to
423:
964:
Shah Tahmasb and the Uzbeks (The duel for Khurasan with 'Ubayd. Khan : 930-946/1524-1540),
1289:
1233:
1212:
1177:
1158:
1150:
1115:
1083:
1029:
958:
938:
727:
710:
682:
563:
After the oath of allegiance in December 1546 - January 1547, Alqas was ordered to attack the
475:
404:
338:
334:
84:
56:
649:
on 27 July 1548 with 40,000 men. Alqas later defeated Safavids near Marand and encamped near
1204:
1146:
1107:
714:
604:
557:
407:, Tahmasp already planned to take Shirvan in 1532, which was stalled due to Uzbek invasion.
384:
352:
235:
347:. He was tasked with raising army against his former foe Uzbeks while Tahmasp was fighting
981:
464:
195:
170:
91:
17:
46:
1229:
Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World
1274:
1266:
844:
653:. However, promised Qizilbash support never came and Suleiman was forced to retreat to
620:
553:
508:
435:
368:
265:
1304:
1270:
1254:
1076:
Târix-e Tahavvolât-e Siyâsi Eĵtemâi Eqtesâdi yo Farhangi-ye Iran dar Dorân-e Safaviye
910:] (in Persian). Tehran: Anjuman-i Athar va Mafakhir-i Farhangi. pp. 208–209.
612:
548:
731:
934:
658:
343:
174:
132:
79:
654:
642:
564:
533:
114:
292:
as Shah Ismail's third son. According to a source, his name was a word play on
576:
380:
285:
223:
1293:
1162:
1114:. London; New York; Oxford; New Delhi; Sydney: I.B. Tauris. pp. 97–121.
1033:
434:
which was being defended by Nimatullah beg. Shahrukh himself was defended in
1103:
745:
674:
625:
459:
333:) against Uzbeks. At the age of 16, he was trusted with the governorship of
269:
125:
491:
444:
Huseyn bey. Siege of the fortress lasted four months. Although neighboring
744:, as well as his court librarian Aflatun Shirvani. Tahmasp likened him to
1208:
1173:
Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, Volume 17
690:
608:
315:
261:
205:
1017:
35:
16:
For the 17th-century Safavid official originally named Alqas Mirza, see
694:
678:
662:
596:
589:
520:
311:
253:
190:
686:
638:
616:
544:
540:
536:
view, he was probably trying to appease his new Shirvanian subjects.
454:
450:
289:
154:
615:. Defeated and wounded, Alqas fled to Ottoman empire via Gazikumukh-
1193:
Osmanisch-safavidische Beziehungen 1545-1550: Der Fall Alḳâs Mîrzâ
749:
440:
325:
His military career started as early as in 1528, participating in
294:
281:
646:
525:
471:
298:(retaliation) referring to a desire to beat Ottomans back after
257:
514:
Roots of Alqas' further rebellion remain obscure. According to
314:'s death reached Safavid realm. His mother was Khanbegi khanum
730:, influencing palace artisans. In Constantinople, he left his
670:
502:
Following recall of Badr Khan Ustajlu, Ghazi Khan became new
379:
and enthroned him, instead of Khalilullah's half-Safavid son
1197:
Ottoman-Safavid relations 1545-1550: The case of Alḳâs Mîrzâ
669:'s family on 5 November 1548. Going further, he conquered
467:, ending 677-year-long independent state of Shirvanshahs.
697:
who turned Alqas over to Bahram Mirza on 1 October 1549.
599:
and sent Ibrahim Khan Zulqadar, Husaynjan Soltan Rumlu,
1057:
1055:
657:. Still supporting Alqas, Suleiman sent him to conquer
355:. In 1534-1536, he joined Tahmasp in the fight against
470:
However, conquest of Shirvan was not complete yet, as
748:
in his memories as a constant companion as he was to
1112:
The memoirs of Shah Tahmasp I: Safavid ruler of Iran
902:(2000). Nasiri, Muhammad R.; Haneda, Koichi (eds.).
486:, who recently deserted from Ottomans and received
219:
211:
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147:
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131:
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105:
97:
90:
78:
70:
62:
55:
28:
1248:
1140:
1022:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
990:. Baroda Oriental institute. pp. 131, 142.
1170:Necipogulu, Gulru; Roxburgh, David J. (2000).
611:but had to face Safavid army on the banks of
575:and Ottomans. Meanwhile, Alqas moved against
494:) and Baku as fiefdoms around November 1540.
268:help, he staged a revolt against his brother
256:prince and the second surviving son of king (
247:
8:
1082:] (in Persian). Samt. pp. 132–134.
367:Shirvan was in chaos following the death of
817:(in Persian). Vol. 8. Qom. p. 37.
661:. As a result, Alqas successfully captured
482:in 1539. Conquest of Baku was entrusted to
418:, Yaqub Soltan Qajar, Qara Vali Arapgirlu,
1280:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
827:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
795:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
280:Alqas Mirza was born on 15 March 1516 (10
272:(r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time.
34:
25:
1232:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
933:. Persian heritage series. Translated by
539:Soon in 1545, Tahmasp sent an envoy from
937:Boulder: Westview Pr. pp. 133–134.
785:(in Persian). Tehran. pp. 175, 256.
773:
371:in 1535. The Shirvanese nobles brought
252:; 15 March 1516 – 9 April 1550), was a
984:(1931). Seddon, Charles Norman (ed.).
908:History of the ambassador of Nizamshah
820:
788:
351:in west. Later he was sent to conquer
1361:16th-century people from Safavid Iran
1110:(2024). "The affair of Alqas Mirza".
1061:
1046:
1011:
1009:
1000:
310:, he was born as soon as the news of
7:
976:
974:
967:. Princeton University. p. 238.
919:
917:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
532:saw this as a sign of conversion to
264:(r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with
556:for aid. The envoy was detained by
248:
239:
1074:Ghaffarifard, Abbas Gholi (2002).
628:with Gokcha Soltan as his regent.
426:) and Qabala castles (near modern
14:
579:with 6,000 men, negotiating with
1149:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
815:Tāriḵ-e Rawżat al-ṣafā-ye nāṣeri
304:Tāriḵ-e Rawżat al-ṣafā-ye nāṣeri
240:ابوالقاسم غازی سلطان القاس میرزا
1356:People executed by Safavid Iran
1351:Rebellions against Safavid Iran
930:History of Shah Abbas the Great
595:Meanwhile, Tahmasp encamped at
1331:Safavid governors of Astarabad
1157:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
232:Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza
1:
781:Parsadust, Manuchihr (1998).
762:Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55)
185:Khadija Soltan Khanum Ustajlu
1341:Safavid governors of Shirvan
1336:Safavid governors of Derbent
1201:Austrian Academy of Sciences
337:by his brother Tahmasp with
1139:Mitchell, Colin P. (2015).
1018:"The Revolt of Alqās Mīrzā"
904:Tarikh-i ilchi-i Nizam-Shah
524:curses and removed Safavid
1377:
900:Husayni, Khurshah b. Qubad
717:and his children in 1568.
490:, Mahmudabad (near modern
430:) and moved on to besiege
15:
33:
1176:. BRILL. pp. 149–.
357:Suleiman the Magnificent
320:Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsillu
288:) in a winter camp near
215:Khanbegi khanum Mawsillu
44:. Illustration from the
42:Suleiman the Magnificent
1288:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1016:Walsh, John R. (1976).
811:Hedayat, Reza-Qoli Khan
665:and seized his brother
528:from Shirvan. Although
412:Mantasha Soltan Ustajlu
1191:Posch, Walter (2013).
1155:Encyclopaedia of Islam
873:Fleischer, C. (1989).
741:Shahnama-yi Al-i Osman
377:Gazikumukh Shamkhalate
308:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
74:Sadraddin Khan Ustajlu
1247:Savory, R.M. (1960).
624:his son, future shah
569:Bagrat III of Imereti
446:Darvish Muhammad Khan
420:Mirza Mohammad Talysh
57:Governor of Astarabad
23:Governor of Astarabad
1226:Şahin, Kaya (2013).
1209:10.2307/j.ctt1vw0pgd
879:Encyclopedia Iranica
783:Shah Tahmasp-i avval
689:before returning to
40:Alqas Mirza meeting
1199:] (in German).
601:Gokcha Soltan Qajar
573:Kaikhosro II Jaqeli
416:Sevindik beg Afshar
401:Iskander beg Munshi
363:Conquest of Shirvan
300:Battle of Chaldiran
242:), better known as
110:Shahrukh of Shirvan
92:Governor of Shirvan
1263:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1145:. In Fleet, Kate;
516:Ahmad Monshi Ghomi
389:Khurshah ibn Qubad
375:, his nephew from
353:Rustamdar province
1346:Iranian defectors
1218:978-3-7001-7308-3
1121:978-0-7556-5358-4
1108:Peacock, A. C. S.
1089:978-964-459-631-5
987:Aḥsanu't-tawārīkh
944:978-0-89158-296-0
711:Badr Khan Ustajlu
685:, went as far as
683:Izad-Khast Castle
484:Ghazi Khan Takalu
432:Gulustan Fortress
383:. This triggered
339:Badr Khan Ustajlu
229:
228:
138:Ghazi Khan Takalu
85:Badr Khan Ustajlu
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1326:Safavid generals
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925:Munshī, Iskander
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558:Levan of Kakheti
436:Bughurt Fortress
391:, queen-dowager
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171:Qahqaha fortress
167:
38:
26:
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498:Rule in Shirvan
480:Parikhan Khanum
393:Parikhan Khanum
365:
302:. According to
278:
196:Safavid dynasty
169:
165:
152:
51:
24:
21:
18:Safi Khan Lezgi
12:
11:
5:
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1259:Kramers, J. H.
1255:Gibb, H. A. R.
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1239:978-1107034426
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1183:978-9004116696
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1147:Krämer, Gudrun
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1064:, p. 117.
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736:Fethullah Arif
728:Topkapi Palace
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719:
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621:Constantinople
588:to retreat to
554:Ottoman Empire
530:Matrakçı Nasuh
509:Ardabil Shrine
499:
496:
405:Martin Dickson
369:Khalilullah II
364:
361:
318:, daughter of
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168:(aged 34)
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1250:"Alḳāṣ Mīrzā"
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1142:"Alqās Mīrzā"
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875:"ALQĀS MĪRZA"
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327:Battle of Jam
323:
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151:15 March 1516
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32:
27:
19:
1285:
1278:
1228:
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1172:
1154:
1111:
1098:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1042:
1025:
1021:
996:
986:
982:Rūmlū, Ḥasan
963:
953:
929:
907:
903:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:
843:
837:
814:
805:
782:
776:
739:
724:
708:
704:
667:Bahram Mirza
635:
594:
562:
538:
519:
513:
503:
501:
469:
458:
439:
428:Çuxur Qəbələ
424:Ərəb, Agdash
409:
366:
342:
324:
303:
293:
279:
243:
231:
230:
175:Meshginshahr
166:(1550-04-09)
164:9 April 1550
126:Ismail Mirza
112:
66:1532/33–1538
47:Süleymanname
45:
1316:1550 deaths
1311:1516 births
1275:Pellat, Ch.
1267:Schacht, J.
681:, captured
677:, besieged
659:Iraq-e Ajam
613:Samur river
565:Circassians
249:القاس میرزا
244:Alqas Mirza
115:Shirvanshah
106:Predecessor
29:Alqās Mīrzā
1305:Categories
1062:Şahin 2013
1047:Posch 2013
1001:Posch 2013
884:6 February
768:References
585:Gazikumukh
381:Burhan Ali
276:Early life
224:Shia Islam
1294:495469456
1284:Volume I:
1271:Lewis, B.
1163:1873-9830
1034:0084-0076
1028:: 61–78.
823:cite book
791:cite book
715:Sam Mirza
673:, raided
626:Ismail II
581:Tabasaran
460:beylerbey
438:with his
335:Astarabad
270:Tahmasp I
122:Successor
101:1538–1547
71:Successor
1277:(eds.).
1153:(eds.).
961:(1958).
927:(1978).
813:(1960).
756:See also
746:Shahrukh
732:nishanji
691:Behbahan
651:Eyshabad
632:In exile
609:Khinalug
571:against
385:Qalandar
373:Shahrukh
349:Ottomans
316:Mawsillu
262:Ismail I
220:Religion
206:Ismail I
1133:Sources
1104:Ṭahmāsp
695:Ardalan
679:Isfahan
663:Hamadan
643:Sunnism
597:Yevlakh
590:Derbent
577:Kabarda
521:tabarra
465:Shirvan
341:as his
331:Zurabad
312:Selim I
266:Ottoman
254:Safavid
236:Persian
191:Dynasty
1292:
1273:&
1236:
1215:
1180:
1161:
1118:
1086:
1032:
941:
721:Legacy
687:Shiraz
639:Edirne
617:Crimea
549:tomans
545:sayyid
541:Qazvin
492:Əminli
488:Salyan
455:Tabriz
451:Marand
397:Salyan
329:(near
290:Tabriz
212:Mother
202:Father
182:Spouse
155:Tabriz
98:Tenure
63:Tenure
1253:. In
1195:[
1078:[
906:[
750:Timur
534:Sunni
526:qadis
476:Shaki
441:wakil
295:Qisas
282:Safar
153:near
1290:OCLC
1234:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1159:ISSN
1116:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1030:ISSN
939:ISBN
886:2016
829:link
797:link
647:Khoy
583:and
504:lala
474:and
472:Baku
344:lala
284:922
258:shah
161:Died
148:Born
133:Lala
80:Lala
1286:A–B
1205:doi
675:Ray
671:Qom
655:Van
463:of
306:by
113:as
1307::
1282:.
1269:;
1265:;
1261:;
1257:;
1211:.
1203:.
1106:;
1054:^
1026:68
1024:.
1020:.
1008:^
973:^
916:^
877:.
853:^
825:}}
821:{{
793:}}
789:{{
734:,
603:,
592:.
414:,
359:.
322:.
286:AH
260:)
238::
1296:.
1242:.
1221:.
1207::
1186:.
1165:.
1124:.
1092:.
1036:.
947:.
888:.
831:)
799:)
619:-
246:(
234:(
177:)
50:.
20:.
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