Suleiman the Magnificent - Knowledge (XXG)

2328: 1518: 943: 789: 5659: 5628: 2337: 2406: 1624: 2135: 414: 1159: 2398: 1760: 1073: 2274: 1557:, canonical legislation) was dependent on Suleiman's will alone, covering areas such as criminal law, land tenure and taxation. He collected all the judgments that had been issued by the nine Ottoman Sultans who preceded him. After eliminating duplications and choosing between contradictory statements, he issued a single legal code, all the while being careful not to violate the basic laws of Islam. It was within this framework that Suleiman, supported by his 1346: 2100:. Hurrem, a former concubine, became the legal wife of the Sultan, much to the astonishment of the observers in the palace and the city. He also allowed Hurrem Sultan to remain with him at court for the rest of her life, breaking another tradition—that when imperial heirs came of age, they would be sent along with the imperial concubine who bore them to govern remote provinces of the Empire, never to return unless their progeny succeeded to the throne. 955:

and 1544 as a result, Ferdinand and Charles were forced to conclude a humiliating five-year treaty with Suleiman. Ferdinand renounced his claim to the Kingdom of Hungary and was forced to pay a fixed yearly sum to the Sultan for the Hungarian lands he continued to control. Of more symbolic importance, the treaty referred to Charles V not as "Emperor" but as the "King of Spain", leading Suleiman to identify as the true "Caesar".

993: 5567: 2203:(first-ranking military governor-general), granting Ibrahim authority over all Ottoman territories in Europe, as well as command of troops residing within them in times of war. At the time, Ibrahim was only about thirty years old and lacked any actual military expertise; it is said that 'tongues wagged' at this unprecedented promotion straight from palace service to the two highest offices of the empire. 1365: 2390: 1431: 926:. This was to be the Ottoman Empire's most ambitious expedition and the apogee of its drive to the West. With a reinforced garrison of 16,000 men, the Austrians inflicted the first defeat on Suleiman, sowing the seeds of a bitter Ottoman–Habsburg rivalry that lasted until the 20th century. His second attempt to conquer Vienna failed in 1532, as Ottoman forces were delayed by the 1840: 1646: 1510: 82: 2254:'s son, while Selim, Bayezid, and Cihangir were born to Hurrem. Hurrem is usually held at least partly responsible for the intrigues in nominating a successor, though there is no evidence to support this. Although she was Suleiman's wife, she exercised no official public role. This did not, however, prevent Hurrem from wielding powerful political influence. Until the reign of 682: 2433:

had deeply personal reasons for criticizing the empire, long took their claims at face value and consequently adopted the idea that the empire entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman. Since the 1980s this view has been thoroughly reexamined, and modern scholars have come to overwhelmingly reject the idea of decline, labelling it an "untrue myth".

1673:. After an apprenticeship, artists and craftsmen could advance in rank within their field and were paid commensurate wages in quarterly annual installments. Payroll registers that survive testify to the breadth of Suleiman's patronage of the arts, the earliest of the documents dating from 1526 list 40 societies with over 600 members. The 2061: 1396:. The presence of the Spanish in the Eastern Mediterranean concerned Suleiman, who saw it as an early indication of Charles V's intention to rival Ottoman dominance in the region. Recognizing the need to reassert naval preeminence in the Mediterranean, Suleiman appointed an exceptional naval commander in the form of 2602:

That the Ottomans might have had a different view was demonstrated by Sultan Sulaymān the Magnificent, who called himself the shah of Baghdad in 'Iraq (Shah-i Bagdād-i 'Irāq), the Caesar of Rome (qayṣar-i Rūm), and the sultan in Egypt (Miṣra (i.e. Mısıra) Sulṭān) in the inscription in the fortress of

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By 1552, when the campaign against Persia had begun with Rüstem appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition, intrigues against Mustafa began. Rüstem sent one of Suleiman's most trusted men to report that since Suleiman was not at the head of the army, the soldiers thought the time had come to put

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was an inseparable friend and possible lover of Suleiman. In fact, he is referred to by his chroniclers as "the favourite" (Maḳbūl) along with "the executed" (Maḳtūl). Historians state that Suleiman I is remembered for "his passion for two of his slaves: for his beloved Ibrahim when the sultan was a

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attracted the empire's most talented artisans to the Sultan's court, both from the Islamic world and from the recently conquered territories in Europe, resulting in a blend of Arabic, Turkish and European cultures. Artisans in service of the court included painters, book binders, furriers, jewellers

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By the 1540s, a renewal of the conflict in Hungary presented Suleiman with the opportunity to avenge the defeat suffered at Vienna. In 1541, the Habsburgs attempted to lay siege to Buda but were repulsed, and more Habsburg fortresses were captured by the Ottomans in two consecutive campaigns in 1541

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of the empire after the middle of the sixteenth century, and portrayed deviation from the norm as it had existed under Suleiman as evidence of the decline of the empire. Western historians, failing to recognise that these 'decline writers' were working within an established literary genre and often

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grew a white tulip in one of the gardens. Some of the nobles in the court had seen the tulip and they also began growing their own. Soon images of the tulip were woven into rugs and fired into ceramics. Suleiman is credited with large-scale cultivation of the tulip and it is thought that the tulips

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Attempting to defeat the Shah once and for all, Suleiman embarked upon a second campaign in 1548–1549. As in the previous attempt, Tahmasp avoided confrontation with the Ottoman army and instead chose to retreat, using scorched earth tactics in the process and exposing the Ottoman army to the harsh

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against the Jews. Furthermore, Suleiman enacted new criminal and police legislation, prescribing a set of fines for specific offenses, as well as reducing the instances requiring death or mutilation. In the area of taxation, taxes were levied on various goods and produce, including animals, mines,

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to the Shah's son, Suleiman retaliated by recapturing Erzurum, crossing the Upper Euphrates and laying waste to parts of Persia. The Shah's army continued its strategy of avoiding the Ottomans, leading to a stalemate from which neither army made any significant gain. In 1555, a settlement known as

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warned of Europe's imminent conquest: "On side are the resources of a mighty empire, strength unimpaired, habituation to victory, endurance of toil, unity, discipline, frugality and watchfulness ... Can we doubt what the result will be? ... When the Turks have settled with Persia, they

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in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George. At first, it seemed that this would be a repeat of the battle on Rhodes, with most of Malta's cities destroyed and half the Knights killed in battle; but a relief force from Spain entered the battle, resulting in the loss of 10,000 Ottoman troops and the

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Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary before his conquests

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sultan; who sends his fleets to the seas of Europe, the Maghrib and India. I am the sultan who took the crown and throne of Hungary and granted them to a humble slave. The voivoda Petru raised his head in revolt, but my horse's hoofs ground him into the dust, and I conquered the land of Moldovia.

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I am God's slave and sultan of this world. By the grace of God I am head of Muhammad's community. God's might and Muhammad's miracles are my companions. I am Süleymân, in whose name the hutbe is read in Mecca and Medina. In Baghdad I am the shah, in Byzantine realms the caesar, and in Egypt the

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Suleiman’s passion for tulips set a precedent for their cultivation and cultural significance in the Ottoman Empire. This fascination continued to flourish, reaching its zenith under Sultan Ahmet III, who ascended the throne in 1703. Ahmet III’s gardens in Istanbul were adorned with tulips from

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without resistance. Suleiman joined Ibrahim in 1534. They made a push towards Persia, only to find the Shah sacrificing territory instead of facing a pitched battle, resorting to harassment of the Ottoman army as it proceeded along the harsh interior. In 1535 Suleiman made a grand entrance into

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a younger prince on the throne; at the same time, he spread rumours that Mustafa had proved receptive to the idea. Angered by what he came to believe were Mustafa's plans to claim the throne, the following summer upon return from his campaign in Persia, Suleiman summoned him to his tent in the

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in the Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Ajuran Sultanate allied with the Ottomans defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.

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developments within his empire. The Sultan sought to turn Constantinople into the center of Islamic civilization by a series of projects, including bridges, mosques, palaces and various charitable and social establishments. The greatest of these were built by the Sultan's chief architect,

890:. Upon encountering the lifeless body of King Louis, Suleiman is said to have lamented: "I came indeed in arms against him; but it was not my wish that he should be thus cut off before he scarcely tasted the sweets of life and royalty." While Suleiman was campaigning in Hungary, 757:

The sultan is only twenty-five years old, tall and slender but tough, with a thin and bony face. Facial hair is evident, but only barely. The sultan appears friendly and in good humor. Rumor has it that Suleiman is aptly named, enjoys reading, is knowledgeable and shows good

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to death. Ibrahim also supported Şehzade Mustafa as the successor of Suleiman. This caused disputes between him and Hurrem Sultan, who wanted her sons to succeed to the throne. Ibrahim eventually fell from grace with the Sultan and his wife. Suleiman consulted his

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Turkey’s mountains and the finest bulbs imported from Dutch commercial growers. Throughout his reign, he imported millions of Dutch tulip bulbs, reflecting the enduring legacy of Suleiman’s influence and the extravagant height of tulip culture during this period.

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and Hungary), and most of North Africa. His expansion into Europe had given the Ottoman Turks a powerful presence in the European balance of power. Indeed, such was the perceived threat of the Ottoman Empire under the reign of Suleiman that Austria's ambassador

1453:. In early 1542, Polin successfully negotiated the details of the alliance, with the Ottoman Empire promising to send 60,000 troops against the territories of the German king Ferdinand, as well as 150 galleys against Charles, while France promised to attack 2206:

During his thirteen years as Grand Vizier, his rapid rise to power and vast accumulation of wealth had made Ibrahim many enemies at the Sultan's court. Suleiman's suspicion of Ibrahim was worsened by a quarrel between the latter and the finance secretary

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that Bayezid be either extradited or executed. In return for large amounts of gold, the Shah allowed a Turkish executioner to strangle Bayezid and his four sons in 1561, clearing the path for Selim's succession to the throne five years later.

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and his brother Ferdinand I, the Habsburgs reoccupied Buda and took possession of Hungary. Reacting in 1529, Suleiman marched through the valley of the Danube and regained control of Buda; in the following autumn, his forces laid the

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Bender (Bendery, Tighina) in Moldova, AH 945 (29 May 1538–18 May 1539). The title qayṣar-i Rūm (Caesar of Rome) was a traditional designation of the Byzantine emperor in Persian and Ottoman sources (from the Arabic al-qayṣar al-Rūm).

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Through the distribution of court patronage, Suleiman also presided over a golden age in Ottoman arts, witnessing immense achievement in the realms of architecture, literature, art, theology and philosophy. Today the skyline of the

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At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted major judicial changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law. His reforms, carried out in conjunction with the empire's chief judicial official

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The formation of Suleiman's legacy began even before his death. Throughout his reign literary works were commissioned praising Suleiman and constructing an image of him as an ideal ruler, most significantly by Celalzade Mustafa,

608:, the end of Suleiman's reign was a watershed in Ottoman history. In the decades after Suleiman, the empire began to experience significant political, institutional, and economic changes, a phenomenon often referred to as the 2793:

the conventional narrative of Ottoman history – that in the late sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire entered a prolonged period of decline marked by steadily increasing military decay and institutional corruption – has been

2295:, were given command in different parts of the empire. Within a few years, however, civil war broke out between the brothers, each supported by his loyal forces. With the aid of his father's army, Selim defeated Bayezid in 4722: 1229:

was captured by the Ottomans in 1538, in order to provide an Ottoman base for raids against Portuguese possessions on the western coast of the Mughal Empire. Sailing on, the Ottomans failed against the Portuguese at the

5110: 2189:. Despite his following marriage and his new sumptuous residence, Ibrahim sometimes spent the night with Suleiman I at Topkapı Palace. In turn, the sultan occasionally slept at Ibrahim's lodgings. Ibrahim Pasha rose to 1491:

in 1530, their actions against Muslim navies quickly drew the ire of the Ottomans, who assembled another massive army in order to dislodge the Knights from Malta. The Ottomans invaded Malta in 1565, undertaking the

1615:) or teachers. Educational centers were often one of many buildings surrounding the courtyards of mosques, others included libraries, baths, soup kitchens, residences and hospitals for the benefit of the public. 939:, in which he acknowledged Ottoman suzerainty and recognised Suleiman as his "father and suzerain", he also agreed to pay an annual tribute and accepted the Ottoman grand vizier as his brother and equal in rank. 603:

was executed in 1561 on Suleiman's orders, along with Bayezid's four sons, after a rebellion. Although scholars typically regarded the period after his death to be one of crisis and adaptation rather than simple

709:, a concubine convert to Islam of unknown origins, who died in 1534. At the age of seven, Suleiman began studies of science, history, literature, theology and military tactics in the schools of the imperial 2462:

bears witness a century later to the "strong agricultural base of the country, the well being of the peasantry, the abundance of staple foods and the pre-eminence of organization in Suleiman's government".

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in September 1538, but then returned to Aden, where they fortified the city with 100 pieces of artillery. From this base, Sulayman Pasha managed to take control of the whole country of Yemen, also taking

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and failed to reach Vienna. In both cases, the Ottoman army was plagued by bad weather, forcing them to leave behind essential siege equipment, and was hobbled by overstretched supply lines. In 1533 the

2428:, urging sultans to conform to his model of rulership and to maintain the empire's institutions in their sixteenth-century form. Such writers were pushing back against the political and institutional 2688: 3239: 745:(r. 1512–1520), Suleiman entered Constantinople and ascended to the throne as the tenth Ottoman Sultan. An early description of Suleiman, a few weeks following his accession, was provided by the 879:

to depart. The conquest of the island cost the Ottomans 50,000 to 60,000 dead from battle and sickness (Christian claims went as high as 64,000 Ottoman battle deaths and 50,000 disease deaths).

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of history. The administrative, cultural, and military achievements of the age were a product not of Suleiman alone, but also of the many talented figures who served him, such as grand viziers

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The Sultan also played a role in protecting the Jewish subjects of his empire for centuries to come. In late 1553 or 1554, on the suggestion of his favorite doctor and dentist, the Spanish Jew

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had defected and sworn allegiance to the Safavids. As a result, in 1533, Suleiman ordered his Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha to lead an army into eastern Asia Minor where he retook Bitlis and occupied

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will fly at our throats supported by the might of the whole East; how unprepared we are I dare not say." Suleiman's legacy was not, however, merely in the military field. The French traveler

6492: 4311:"The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495–1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire" 6487: 666:(the Lawgiver) first came to be used as an epithet for Suleiman. It is entirely absent from sixteenth and seventeenth-century Ottoman sources and may date from the early 18th century. 5260: 2258:(1603-1617), the Empire had no formal means of nominating a successor, so successions usually involved the death of competing princes in order to avert civil unrest and rebellions. 2177:, then promoted him to first officer of the Royal Bedchamber. It was reported that they slept together in the same bed. The sultan also built Ibrahim a lavish palace on the ancient 6294: 721:, a Greek slave who later became one of his most trusted advisers (but who was later executed on Suleiman's orders). At age seventeen, he was appointed as the governor of first 6467: 4332: 6203: 1783:, under whom Ottoman architecture reached its zenith. Sinan became responsible for over three hundred monuments throughout the empire, including his two masterpieces, the 1407:

In 1535, Charles V led a Holy League of 26,700 soldiers (10,000 Spaniards, 8,000 Italians, 8,000 Germans, and 700 Knights of St. John) to victory against the Ottomans at

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There is a tradition of western origin, according to which Suleiman the Magnificent was "Suleiman II", but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that

1008:, which was preoccupied by its own enemies to its east. After Suleiman stabilized his European frontiers, he now turned his attention to Persia, the base for the rival 1269: 6208: 3670: 2912:

Lowry, Heath (1993). "Süleymân's Formative Years in the City of Trabzon: Their Impact on the Future Sultan and the City". In İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (eds.).

2085: 3163: 1076: 788: 2724: 2080:. Western diplomats, taking notice of the palace gossip about her, called her "Russelazie" or "Roxelana", referring to her Ruthenian origins. The daughter of an 1315: 1153: 768: 1564:, sought to reform the legislation to adapt to a rapidly changing empire. When the Kanun laws attained their final form, the code of laws became known as the 6482: 5136: 1745:

observed that "at no time, even in Turkey, was greater encouragement given to poetry than during the reign of this Sultan". Suleiman's most famous verse is:

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Kafadar, Cemal (1993). "The Myth of the Golden Age: Ottoman Historical Consciousness in the Post-Süleymânic Era". In İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar (eds.).

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As relations between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire deteriorated, Suleiman resumed his campaign in Central Europe, and on 29 August 1526 he defeated

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Upon succeeding his father, Suleiman began a series of military conquests, eventually leading to a revolt led by the Ottoman-appointed governor of

5584: 4983: 1517: 979: 5570: 5246: 1682:(Suleiman's father, Selim I, wrote poetry in Persian), Suleiman's patronage of the arts saw the Ottoman Empire assert its own artistic legacy. 942: 3923: 2351:

On 6 September 1566, Suleiman, who had set out from Constantinople to command an expedition to Hungary, died before an Ottoman victory at the

1246:, Suleiman successfully managed to dispute control of the trade routes to the Portuguese and maintained a significant level of trade with the 909:, who was the ruler of neighboring Austria and tied to Louis II's family by marriage, be King of Hungary, citing previous agreements that the 5969: 5272: 5186: 5025: 4879: 4853: 4789: 4719: 4694: 4672: 4626: 4285: 4172: 4132: 4068: 3889: 3861: 3633: 3606: 3515: 3384: 3300:

History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808. Vol. 1.

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spread throughout Europe because of Suleiman. It is thought that diplomats who visited him were gifted the flowers while visiting his court.

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The sultan's favorite : İbrahim Pasha and the making of the Ottoman universal sovereignty in the reign of Sultan Süleyman (1516-1526)

500:, as sultan on 30 September 1520 and began his reign with campaigns against the Christian powers in Central Europe and the Mediterranean. 3654: 1096:

was signed, which defined the borders of the two empires. By this treaty, Armenia and Georgia were divided equally between the two, with

6010: 599:, had died; Mehmed had died in 1543 from smallpox, and Mustafa had been strangled to death in 1553 at the sultan's order. His other son 1733:

of 1543 AD. In addition to Suleiman's own work, many great talents enlivened the literary world during Suleiman's rule, including

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Suleiman's father had made war with Persia a high priority. At first, Suleiman shifted attention to Europe and was content to contain

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of the empire from 1534 to 1557. Later Ottoman writers applied this idealised image of Suleiman to the Near Eastern literary genre of

2371:. A mausoleum constructed above the burial site came to be regarded as a holy place and pilgrimage site. Within a decade a mosque and 2234:

Sultan Suleiman's two known consorts (Hurrem and Mahidevran) had borne him six sons, four of whom survived past the 1550s. They were

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Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556–1748

2226:, who suggested that Ibrahim be put to death. The Sultan recruited assassins and ordered them to strangle Ibrahim in his sleep. 1272:, the Ottoman Empire would in 1559 absorb the weakened Adal Sultanate into its domain. This expansion furthered Ottoman rule in 1112:, eastern Kurdistan, and eastern Georgia (incl. eastern Samtskhe) stayed in Safavid hands. The Ottoman Empire obtained most of 936: 906: 820:'s strong defense in the region. Its capture was vital in removing the Hungarians and Croats who, following the defeats of the 750: 435: 6385: 6339: 6314: 6279: 4461: 4424:

Howard, Douglas (1988). "Ottoman Historiography and the Literature of 'Decline' of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries".

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Cihangir is said to have died of grief a few months after the news of his half-brother's murder. The two surviving brothers,

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The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The

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Dimitri Korobeinikov (2021). "These are the narratives of bygone years: Conquest of a Fortress as a Source of Legitimacy".

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and chronicler Celalzade Mustafa, who played a major role in bureaucratic expansion and in constructing Suleiman's legacy.

1874:, known in West as Roxelana (m. 1533), Suleiman's only favorite concubine during his reign, and later legal wife and first 6359: 6025: 5839: 5610: 5455: 3282: 2363:. The sultan's body was taken back to Istanbul to be buried, while his heart, liver, and some other organs were buried in 2093: 1657: 1389: 918: 557: 6502: 6354: 6304: 6259: 6228: 5844: 3678: 2488:

and of many cities in modern Turkey and the former Ottoman provinces, are still adorned with the architectural works of

1349: 947: 103: 6218: 2336: 2217:. The dispute ended in the disgrace of Çelebi on charges of intrigue, with Ibrahim convincing Suleiman to sentence the 2173:, and was given as a slave to Suleiman most likely in 1514. Ibrahim converted to Islam and Suleiman made him the royal 1457:, harass the coasts of Spain with a naval force, and send 40 galleys to assist the Turks for operations in the Levant. 1280:. This also increased its influence in the Indian Ocean to compete with the Portuguese Empire with its close ally, the 1187: 1843:

A vibrant tulip in Turkey, symbolizing the country's deep historical and cultural connection with this beloved flower.

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Four princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the obsessions that forged modern Europe

4510: 4240: 3905: 1561: 1336: 705:), probably on 6 November 1494, although this date is not known with absolute certainty or evidence. His mother was 6477: 6400: 3157: 1261: 1149: 2134: 1868:, a Circassian or Albanian or Montenegrin concubine, she entered in Süleyman's harem when he was prince in Manisa; 6274: 6213: 3400: 2744: 2454: 2419: 1742: 1497: 1442: 1435: 3996: 2775:

historians of the Ottoman Empire have rejected the narrative of decline in favor of one of crisis and adaptation

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which had been a possession of the Knights of Malta since 1530. In 1553, Turgut Reis was nominated commander of

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Veinstein, G. "Süleymān". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

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In 1553, Suleiman began his third and final campaign against the Shah. Having initially lost territories in

783: 587:, and who became famous in Western Europe of his time by the name Roxelana, due to her red hair. Their son, 591:, succeeded Suleiman following his death in 1566 after 46 years of rule. Suleiman's other potential heirs, 6507: 6375: 6349: 4575: 2472: 2397: 2384: 2193:

in 1523 and commander-in-chief of all the armies. Suleiman also conferred upon Ibrahim Pasha the honor of

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would take the Hungarian throne if Louis died without heirs. However, other nobles turned to the nobleman

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and all their other northwestern territories in the Caucasus and as they were prior to the wars, such as

840:, remained the only formidable force who could block further Ottoman gains in Europe. Suleiman encircled 5067: 3471: 2543: 1635: 552:). He was a distinguished poet and goldsmith; he also became a great patron of culture, overseeing the " 6380: 6289: 5725: 5348: 2493: 2352: 2317: 2214: 2044: 1784: 1763: 670: 235: 4991: 3538:

Farooqi, N. R. (1996). "Six Ottoman documents on Mughal-Ottoman relations during the reign of Akbar".

1759: 6462: 6457: 6421: 3709: 2356: 1808: 1775: 1522: 1493: 1477: 1401: 1397: 1340: 1332: 1179: 1145: 959: 848:. Belgrade, with a garrison of only 700 men, and receiving no aid from Hungary, fell in August 1521. 565: 6167: 4639:"Reflections of neo-Ottomanist discourse in Turkish news media: The case of The Magnificent Century" 2940:

Fisher, Alan (1993). "The Life and Family of Süleymân I". In İnalcık, Halil; Kafadar, Cemal (eds.).

2496:, is the final resting place of Suleiman: he is buried in a domed mausoleum attached to the mosque. 2375:

hospice were built near it, and the site was protected by a salaried garrison of several dozen men.

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My woman of the beautiful hair, my love of the slanted brow, my love of eyes full of misery ...

1480:. In 1560, a powerful naval force was sent to recapture Tripoli, but that force was defeated in the 6426: 6141: 5916: 5901: 5336: 5292: 3927: 2970: 2467: 2459: 2247: 2002: 1964: 1919:, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 19 October 1520, Old Palace, and Istanbul, buried in Yavuz Selim Mosque); 1488: 1473: 1416: 1376:

Having consolidated his conquests on land, Suleiman was greeted with the news that the fortress of

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The road to Hungary and Austria lay open, but Suleiman turned his attention instead to the Eastern

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that depicts historical figures noted for their work in establishing the principles that underlie

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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

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boasts about his prowess by saying that he defeated Suleiman in three battles (Act 2, Scene 1).

2292: 2243: 2235: 1984: 1922: 1423:. Huge Muslim territories in North Africa were annexed. The piracy carried on thereafter by the 1072: 600: 596: 332: 302: 6395: 5896: 5829: 5745: 5367: 5276: 5119: 5084: 5074: 5040: 5021: 4931: 4875: 4849: 4820: 4785: 4763: 4741: 4715: 4690: 4668: 4622: 4353: 4291: 4281: 4168: 4128: 4064: 4036: 3885: 3857: 3823: 3809: 3786: 3780: 3750: 3652: 3629: 3623: 3602: 3511: 3481: 3435: 3380: 3259: 3213: 3182: 3130: 3101: 3067: 3061: 3014: 2974: 2945: 2917: 2877: 2736: 2539: 2273: 2186: 2010: 1948: 1944: 1704: 1670: 1357: 1311: 1066: 963: 876: 710: 592: 576: 312: 288: 146: 4018: 3744: 3505: 3319: 3299: 3095: 2592: 1404:. Once appointed admiral-in-chief, Barbarossa was charged with rebuilding the Ottoman fleet. 6329: 5870: 5824: 4907: 4863: 4839: 4733: 4651: 4322: 3717: 3547: 3205: 3196:

Labib, Subhi (November 1979). "The Era of Suleyman the Magnificent: Crisis of Orientation".

2500: 2445: 2263: 1934: 1800: 1730: 1481: 1281: 927: 833: 460: 446: 189: 5730: 5342: 2096:

in Constantinople, and eventually rose through the ranks of the Harem to become Suleiman's

1699:, "Lover"). Some of Suleiman's verses have become Turkish proverbs, such as the well-known 1574:), or the "Ottoman laws". Suleiman's legal code was to last more than three hundred years. 5302: 5287: 5220: 5150: 5114: 4619:

The Zenith of an Empire : The Glory of the Suleiman the Magnificent and the Law Giver

4492:"Shakespeare's Merchant: St Antony and Sultan Suleiman – The Merchant Of Venice – Shylock" 3746:

The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492–1792, Volume 2

3658: 3326: 3320:

The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 2, The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603.

3306: 3286: 3266: 3246: 2526: 2515: 2512: 2499:

Nevertheless, assessments of Suleiman's reign have frequently fallen into the trap of the

2089: 1679: 1583: 1424: 1345: 1253:

From 1526 until 1543, Suleiman stationed over 900 Turkish soldiers to fight alongside the

1207: 1109: 1097: 1093: 1013: 864: 541: 521: 370: 59: 31: 5787: 5704: 5100: 3835: 3377:

The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Ḥanafī School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire

2844:

The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern Period

2789:

The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern Period

2508: 2466:

Even thirty years after his death, "Sultan Solyman" was quoted by the English playwright

2115:

My plants, my sweet, my rose, the one only who does not distress me in this room ...

2109:

My most sincere friend, my confidant, my very existence, my Sultan, my one and only love.

2048: 1929:

1516/1517, Manisa Palace, Manisa – executed, by the order of his father, 6 October 1553,

1631: 1487:

Elsewhere in the Mediterranean, when the Knights Hospitallers were re-established as the

914: 686: 5059: 4803: 4728:

Işıksel, Güneş (2018). "Suleiman the Magnificent (1494-1566)". In Martel, Gordon (ed.).

3713: 2829:

Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World

6188: 5875: 5740: 5643: 5535: 5354: 5269: 4868: 4810: 2303:

along with his four sons. Following diplomatic exchanges, the Sultan demanded from the

1992: 1726: 1627: 1547:

was outside of the Sultan's powers to change. Yet an area of distinct law known as the

1469: 1288: 1277: 1257: 1183: 992: 899: 714: 490: 193: 64: 20: 4814: 6446: 6405: 6233: 6110: 5550: 5500: 4966: 4911: 4777: 4755: 3362:

The Islamic World In Ascendancy : From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna

3225: 2683: 2345:

The body of Suleiman I arrives to Belgrade. (left) The funeral of Suleiman I. (right)

2270:

attacked Mustafa, and after a long struggle the mutes killed him using a bow-string.

2113:

My springtime, my merry faced love, my daytime, my sweetheart, laughing leaf ...

2026: 1987:(1527, Old Palace, Istanbul – executed by agents of his father on 25 September 1561, 1875: 1254: 1247: 1218: 1203: 1191: 852: 632: 307: 4221: 2519: 2415: 1685:

Suleiman himself was an accomplished poet, writing in Persian and Turkish under the

1303:

was launched, which was able to provide extensive military support to the Acehnese.

6390: 6157: 5953: 5520: 4979: 4737: 3339: 3280:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2635 to 2802 April 1532–April 1533. Vol. 19.

3035: 2547: 2190: 2182: 2139: 2103:

Under his pen name, Muhibbi, Sultan Suleiman composed this poem for Hurrem Sultan:

1958: 1594: 1446: 1393: 1364: 1353: 1171: 1163: 1117: 1058: 962:, located in the northern part of the Kingdom of Hungary, but the defenders led by 868: 817: 706: 533: 525: 390: 5699: 4469: 3279: 2368: 1734: 209: 4843: 4604:Ágoston, Gábor (1991). "Muslim Cultural Enclaves in Hungary under Ottoman Rule". 4402:Ágoston, Gábor (1991). "Muslim Cultural Enclaves in Hungary under Ottoman Rule". 3596: 3566: 2812:

Ottomanist historians have largely jettisoned the notion of a post-1600 'decline'

6431: 6105: 5495: 5204: 4682: 2489: 2424: 2389: 2125:

I, lover of the tormented heart, Muhibbi of the eyes full of tears, I am happy.

1947:(1521, Old Palace, Istanbul – 6 November 1543, Manisa Palace, Manisa, buried in 1780: 1767: 1578: 1558: 1540: 1529:

While Sultan Suleiman was known as "the Magnificent" in the West, he was always

1461: 1385: 1210:

himself is known to have exchanged six documents with Suleiman the Magnificent.

967: 584: 545: 400: 3477:

Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1

2638:Ágoston, Gábor (2009). "Süleyman I". In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). 2043:(1522, Old Palace, Istanbul – 25 January 1578, buried in Suleiman I Mausoleum, 1905:, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 29 October 1520, Old Palace, Istanbul, and buried in 1430: 6131: 6072: 5948: 5808: 5803: 5510: 5475: 5425: 5399: 5393: 5088: 4870:

Empress of the East : How a slave girl became queen of the Ottoman Empire

4687:

Lords of the Golden Horn : From Suleiman the Magnificent to Kamal Ataturk

4327: 4295: 3209: 2251: 2178: 1879: 1865: 1839: 1708: 1645: 1509: 1129: 1062: 1034: 1009: 829: 580: 553: 544:, harmonized the relationship between the two forms of Ottoman law: sultanic ( 278: 81: 4935: 4357: 3217: 3134: 2740: 1738: 1656:

Under Suleiman's patronage, the Ottoman Empire entered the golden age of its

6223: 6162: 6136: 6126: 6098: 6077: 6046: 5979: 5932: 5782: 5709: 5545: 5525: 5515: 5505: 5490: 5480: 5460: 5445: 5435: 5420: 5388: 5378: 5330: 5238: 4800:

The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent

4017:

Amsterdam Tulip Museum, "The Tulip in Turkey," accessed September 17, 2024,

3820:

A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730: chapters from the Cambridge history

3148:

Ciachir, N. (1972). "Soliman Magnificul" [Soliman the Magnificent].

2485: 2304: 2209: 2195: 2097: 1686: 1669:, "Community of the Craftsmen") were administered at the Imperial seat, the 1296: 1101: 1024:

governor loyal to Suleiman, and put his own man in. Second, the governor of

1017: 910: 821: 813: 722: 698: 681: 524:

and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the

4655: 4275: 3769:

Coins From Mogadishu, c. 1300 to c. 1700 by G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, p. 36

2364: 1236: 228: 4824: 2806:

Woodhead, Christine (2011). "Introduction". In Woodhead, Christine (ed.).

6193: 6093: 6056: 6005: 5995: 5906: 5761: 5735: 5540: 5485: 5470: 5450: 5440: 5415: 5383: 5373: 5361: 5230: 5196: 4898:

Yermolenko, Galina (2005). "Roxolana: The Greatest Empress of the East".

3551: 2360: 2300: 2288: 2239: 2174: 2073: 2069: 1954: 1871: 1820: 1796: 1701:

Everyone aims at the same meaning, but many are the versions of the story

1639: 1125: 1046: 841: 825: 801: 588: 572: 322: 257: 139: 107: 3997:"Five national flowers from the Middle East and the symbolism they hold" 3121:

Severy, Merle (November 1987). "The World of Süleyman the Magnificent".

464:; 6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), commonly known as 6183: 5974: 5834: 5678: 5595: 5530: 5430: 5405: 5325: 5315: 5213: 5179: 4550: 4335:

from the original on 30 April 2024 – via Peeters Online Journals.

3729: 3700:

Clifford, E. H. M. (1936). "The British Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary".

2477: 2449: 2441: 2436:

Suleiman's conquests had brought under the control of the Empire major

2279: 2255: 2200: 1981:, Old Palace, Istanbul, and buried in Yavuz Selim Mosque), with Hürrem; 1292: 1273: 1243: 1175: 1088: 1021: 895: 891: 742: 702: 694: 529: 497: 380: 365: 185: 129: 3408: 2266:. When Mustafa entered his father's tent to meet with him, Suleiman's 1427:

of North Africa can be seen in the context of the wars against Spain.

1299:), requesting Ottoman support against the Portuguese. As a result, an 4347: 2437: 2267: 2166: 1988: 1832: 1792: 1649: 1377: 1195: 1121: 1050: 1038: 1029: 1025: 856: 845: 730: 726: 549: 520:

in 1529. He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the

407: 87: 69: 3721: 2060: 1774:

Suleiman also became renowned for sponsoring a series of monumental

1539:) to his Ottoman subjects. The overriding law of the empire was the 4638: 2158:

hot-blooded youth, and for his beloved Hurrem when he was mature."

1755:

Worship of God is the highest throne, the happiest of all estates.

512:, in August 1526, Suleiman broke the military strength of Hungary. 5648: 5320: 4782:

What Went Wrong? : Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response

2404: 2396: 2388: 2296: 2272: 2162: 2133: 2059: 2006: 1996: 1938: 1930: 1838: 1816: 1812: 1758: 1644: 1622: 1544: 1516: 1508: 1429: 1408: 1381: 1363: 1344: 1226: 1199: 1157: 1071: 1054: 1049:. Suleiman abandoned the campaign with temporary Ottoman gains in 991: 941: 837: 787: 680: 4930:(2). Houston, Texas: Aramco Services Co: 8–10. March–April 1964. 3507:

Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1877–1924

2600:. Vol. 14. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 180. 2359:

kept his death secret during the retreat for the enthronement of

1716: 1694: 1661: 1610: 1588: 1569: 1552: 1534: 661: 652: 647: 641: 636: 626: 621: 489:

from 1520 until his death in 1566. Under his administration, the

2372: 2223: 2146: 1605:

provided education of university status, whose graduates became

1476:

in the Mediterranean and the capital of the Ottoman province of

1222: 1113: 1033:

Baghdad. He enhanced his local support by restoring the tomb of

1005: 5599: 5242: 4845:

The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire

1753:

What men call sovereignty is a worldly strife and constant war;

1678:

and goldsmiths. Whereas previous rulers had been influenced by

1368:

France's King Francis I never met Suleiman, but they created a

844:

and began a series of heavy bombardments from an island in the

5097:

The New Cambridge Modern History II: The Reformation 1520–1559

5069:

The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire

4125:

Peerless Among Princes: The Life and Times of Sultan Süleyman

4033:

Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul

3836:"History of Malta and Gozo – From Prehistory to Independence" 3671:"similarities between louis xiv and suleiman the magnificent" 2655:

Manuscript and Ferman Ornamentation Art in the Ottoman Empire

1521:

Suleiman the Magnificent receives an ambassador (painting by

1434:

The siege of Malta in 1565: arrival of the Turkish fleet, by

480: 440: 2107:

Throne of my lonely niche, my wealth, my love, my moonlight.

1217:

in an attempt to remove them and reestablish trade with the

4576:"Suleiman, Relief Portrait | Architect of the Capitol" 3011:

The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650 : The Structure of Power

2594:

medieval worlds comparative & interdisciplinary studies

4019:

https://amsterdamtulipmuseum.com/pages/the-tulip-in-turkey

1749:

The people think of wealth and power as the greatest fate,

1415:

the following year, led Suleiman to accept proposals from

5018:

Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923

3951:"Istanbul's signature flowers, plants in cologne bottles" 3129:(5). Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society: 580. 2529:, Suleiman the Magnificent gave expression to his power: 2393:

The Ottoman Empire at the time of the death of Suleiman I

3434:(2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. xxxi. 2705:

Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923

19:"Kanuni" redirects here. For the hompa of Kwangali, see 4146: 4144: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3461:, ed. M.A. Cook (Cambridge University Press, 1976), 94. 4967:"The Age of Süleyman 'the Magnificent' (r. 1520–1566)" 4372:

Ibrahim Pasha: grand vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent

1751:

But in this world a spell of health is the best state.

1660:. Hundreds of imperial artistic societies (called the 1016:

became the main enemy after two episodes. First, Shah

996:

Miniature depicting Suleiman marching with an army in

4108:

Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı; Karal, Enver Ziya (1975).

4061:

Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culturea

2689:

Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924

2525:

In an inscription dating from 1537 on the citadel of

1472:

by Suleiman, making the city an important center for

1445:. In 1542, facing a common Habsburg enemy during the 1041:

school of Islamic law to which the Ottomans adhered.

5108:

Roxolana in European literature, history and culture

3625:

An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire

3379:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 2299:

in 1559, leading the latter to seek refuge with the

6414: 6368: 6252: 6176: 6150: 6119: 6086: 6065: 6034: 5988: 5962: 5941: 5925: 5884: 5858: 5817: 5796: 5775: 5754: 5718: 5692: 5666: 5636: 2283:

minted during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent

1120:, while the Persians retained their former capital 1116:, including Baghdad, which gave them access to the 406: 396: 386: 376: 364: 350: 287: 246: 219: 199: 179: 175: 167: 159: 145: 135: 125: 114: 102: 41: 5066: 4867: 4637: 3882:The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History to 1923 3204:(4). London: Cambridge University Press: 435–451. 2935: 2933: 571:Breaking with Ottoman tradition, Suleiman married 5095:Parry, V. J. "The Ottoman Empire, 1520–1566." in 4644:Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 3974:"Wild Tulips: Get In On This Gardening Trend Now" 2355:in Hungary at the age of 71 and his Grand Vizier 2117:My Istanbul, my karaman, the earth of my Anatolia 1213:Suleiman led several naval campaigns against the 804:in 1521. Suleiman soon made preparations for the 528:dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the 485:) in his Ottoman realm, was the longest-reigning 4462:"The Merchant of Venice: Act 2, Scene 1, Page 2" 3455:The Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566 2735:(4). Houston, Texas: Aramco Services Co: 24–33. 2401:Burial place of Suleiman I at Süleymaniye Mosque 2005:(1531, Old Palace, Istanbul – 27 November 1553, 1513:Suleiman I plate at al-Masjid al-Nabawi – Medina 4537:The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600 3854:Süleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Empire 3649:History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey 2822: 2820: 2531: 2518:, who played a major role in legal reform, and 2111:The most beautiful among the beautiful ... 755: 4167:. Kapı yayınları. Kapı yayınları. p. 17. 3806:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period 1079:under Suleiman, (in red and orange) including 1057:region, a lasting presence in the province of 875:, Rhodes capitulated and Suleiman allowed the 657:) for his reform of the Ottoman legal system. 16:Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 5611: 5254: 5225:22 September 1520 – c. 6 September 1566 5191:22 September 1520 – c. 6 September 1566 4667:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art. 4127:. Oxford University Press. pp. 99, 120. 4054: 4052: 3847: 3845: 3240:"Suleiman I ("the Magnificent") (1494–1566)." 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 1352:defeats the Holy League under the command of 1154:Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean 917:, who was being supported by Suleiman. Under 769:List of campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent 673:was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan. 8: 5035:İnalcık, Halil; Cemal Kafadar, eds. (1993). 3499: 3497: 3355: 3353: 3198:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2771:The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800 2409:Suleiman's marble portrait in the US Capitol 2037:1520, and buried in Yahya Efendi mausoleum); 1791:mosques—the latter built in Adrianople (now 1598:profits of trade, and import-export duties. 1543:, or Sacred Law, which as the divine law of 493:ruled over at least 25 million people. 6493:Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars 5056:Suleiman the Magnificent Sultan of the East 4973:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4419: 4417: 3628:. Cambridge University Press. p. 326. 1441:In 1541, the Spaniards led an unsuccessful 1287:In 1564, Suleiman received an embassy from 1077:Territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire 6488:Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Persian Wars 6468:16th-century sultans of the Ottoman Empire 5618: 5604: 5596: 5261: 5247: 5239: 5141: 4665:The Age of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent 4187: 4112:. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. p. 401. 3749:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. 3318:Faroqhi, Suraiya N., and Kate Fleet, eds. 3260:The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire. No. 152. 3162:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2064:16th-century oil painting of Hurrem Sultan 80: 38: 4975:Based on original work by Linda Komaroff. 4389:The Execution of Prince Mustafa in Eregli 4326: 4280:(First ed.). New York: Basic Books. 4277:The Ottomans: Khans, Caesars, and Caliphs 2846:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 2791:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. 2764: 2762: 2169:), who was captured in a raid during the 1316:a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars 648: 637: 622: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4063:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 275. 3298:Shaw, Stanford J., and Ezel Kural Shaw. 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2916:. Istanbul: The Isis Press. p. 21. 2876:. Istanbul: The Isis Press. p. 41. 2831:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2718: 2716: 2714: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2161:Ibrahim was originally a Christian from 1713:Peerless among princes, my Sultan Mehmed 1501:victory of the local Maltese citizenry. 1460:In August 1551, Ottoman naval commander 863:. Suleiman built a large fortification, 4835:(Grove/Atlantic, 2017) popular history. 4819:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 3924:"Halman, Suleyman the Magnificent Poet" 3590: 3588: 3586: 3459:A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730 2578: 2560:List of revolts during Suleiman's reign 272: 1533; died 1558) 4606:Acta Orientalia Scientiarum Hungaricae 4404:Acta Orientalia Scientiarum Hungaricae 4245:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 4239:Gökbilgin, M. Tayyib (24 April 2012), 4199: 4150: 4090: 3155: 2653:Hüseyin Odabaş; Coşkun Odabaş (2015). 2119:My Badakhshan, my Baghdad and Khorasan 1723:Şehzadeler güzidesi Sultan Muhammed'üm 1411:, which together with the war against 1388:, peninsular Greece) had been lost to 1170:Ottoman ships had been sailing in the 966:repelled the attacks and defended the 635:, was also called Suleiman the First ( 504:fell to him in 1521 and the island of 347: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 1104:, and western Georgia (incl. western 459: 7: 5561:First Ottoman caliph • Caliph only 4636:Arsan, Esra; Yldrm, Yasemin (2014). 3912:. Türkçe Bilgi, Ansiklopedi, Sözlük. 3782:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 2773:. Pearson Education Ltd. p. 8. 2181:, Istanbul's main forum outside the 1894:Suleiman I had at least eight sons: 1807:(which are the current walls of the 1717: 1695: 1662: 1611: 1589: 1570: 1553: 1535: 905:Some Hungarian nobles proposed that 660:It is unclear when exactly the term 610:Transformation of the Ottoman Empire 473: 430: 6483:Divan poets from the Ottoman Empire 4816:Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566 2138:Suleiman awaits the arrival of his 1707:died in 1543, he composed a moving 898:) revolted under the leadership of 3972:Kling, Cynthia (12 October 2017). 3906:"Muhibbî (Kanunî Sultan Süleyman)" 3785:. American Philosophical Society. 3289:University of Toronto Press, 2019. 3063:War: The Definitive Visual History 2640:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 2130:Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 1715:. In Turkish the chronogram reads 30:. For the Albanian law texts, see 14: 6518:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 4971:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 4891:Padışahların kadınları ve kızları 4509:Russell, John (26 January 2007). 3405:The Encyclopedia of World History 3309:Cambridge University Press, 1976. 2942:Süleymân The Second and His Time 2914:Süleyman the Second and His Time 2874:Süleyman the Second and His Time 2618:. Vol. 33. 1834. p. 19. 1861:Suleiman had two known consorts: 1795:) in the reign of Suleiman's son 1729:total 955, the equivalent in the 1190:are known to have voyaged to the 1108:) falling in Ottoman hands while 1061:, control of the western half of 816:had failed to achieve because of 812:—something his great-grandfather 52:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 23:. For the Turkish drillship, see 5657: 5626: 5566: 5565: 5137:Portraits and Tughra of Suleiman 5037:Süleyman the Second and His Time 4912:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2005.00088.x 4889:Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (1992). 3995:Osman, Nadda (24 January 2022). 3432:Historical Dictionary of Georgia 3329:Cambridge University Press, 2012 3013:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2861:. Oxford University Press. 2004. 2448:provinces (reaching present day 2335: 2326: 1995:, buried in Melik-i Acem Türbe, 1449:, Francis I sought to renew the 958:In 1552, Suleiman's forces laid 950:of Hungary with Suleiman in 1556 867:, that served as a base for the 717:. As a young man, he befriended 412: 5051:; deals with Suleiman 1494–1566 4893:. Türk Tarihi Kurumu Yayınları. 4714:Editions du Felin, 2008, Paris 3565:Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989). 3430:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). 3269:Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. 3249:The Encyclopedia of War (2011). 2725:"The Golden Age of Ottoman Art" 2723:Atıl, Esin (July–August 1987). 2056:Relationship with Hurrem Sultan 1831:Suleiman loved gardens and his 1819:, and constructed a complex in 1242:With its strong control of the 894:tribes in central Anatolia (in 556:" of the Ottoman Empire in its 496:Suleiman succeeded his father, 269: 5073:. Princeton University Press. 4738:10.1002/9781118885154.dipl0267 3779:Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1976). 2171:1499–1503 Ottoman–Venetian War 1718:شهزاده‌لر گزیده‌سی سلطان محمدم 1323:Mediterranean and North Africa 741:Upon the death of his father, 646:), and Suleiman the Lawgiver ( 356:Süleyman Şah bin Selim Şah Han 1: 5580:Heads of the Osmanoğlu family 5221:Caliph of the Ottoman dynasty 4730:The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy 4059:Yermolenko, Galina I (2013). 3856:. New York: Benchmark Books. 2123:I'll sing your praises always 2034: 2030: 2022:Süleyman had two daughters: 1975: 1968: 1926: 1913: 1899: 1799:. Suleiman also restored the 1770:, Suleiman's chief architect. 1250:throughout the 16th century. 1174:since the year 1518. Ottoman 1136:Campaigns in the Indian Ocean 980:Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55) 697:on the southern coast of the 575:, a woman from his harem, an 91: 5187:Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 5039:. Istanbul: The Isis Press. 4511:"The Age of Sultan Suleyman" 4468:. SparkNotes. Archived from 4031:Freely, John (1 July 2001). 3953:. Daily Sabah. 27 April 2017 3179:The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 3150:Editura enciclopedică română 3100:(14th ed.). McFarland. 3094:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). 2857:"Suleyman the Magnificent". 1533:Suleiman or "The Lawgiver" ( 1142:Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts 662: 653: 642: 627: 616:Alternative names and titles 487:sultan of the Ottoman Empire 481: 441: 104:Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 5105:Yermolenko, Galina I., ed. 4848:. Oxford University Press. 3852:Greenblatt, Miriam (2003). 3571:. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli 2707:. Basic Books. p. 145. 2068:Suleiman fell in love with 1878:, possibly a daughter of a 1652:of Suleiman the Magnificent 1505:Legal and political reforms 1421:an alliance against Charles 1270:first Ajuran-Portuguese war 6544: 6295:Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin 6204:Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin 5655: 4958:Additional on-line sources 4370:Hester Donaldson Jenkins, 4222:"A 400 Year Old Love Poem" 3822:by Vernon J. Parry p. 101 3808:Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p. 190 3651:by Ezel Kural Shaw p. 107 3540:Journal of Islamic Studies 3177:Turnbull, Stephen (2003). 3060:Publishing, D. K. (2009). 2859:Oxford Dictionary of Islam 2382: 2315: 1974:, Old Palace, Istanbul – 1350:Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha 1326: 1301:Ottoman expedition to Aceh 1262:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 1150:Ottoman expedition to Aceh 1139: 977: 777: 766: 631:), as he was known in the 620:Suleiman the Magnificent ( 18: 6498:Ottoman period in Hungary 6386:Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim 6355:Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin 6340:Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin 6315:Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim 6305:Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin 6280:Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir 6260:Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin 6229:Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin 5559: 5311: 5283: 5227: 5218: 5210: 5203: 5193: 5184: 5176: 5171: 5146:Suleiman the Magnificent 5144: 5065:Necipoğlu, Gülru (2005). 5020:. New York: Basic Books. 5016:Finkel, Caroline (2005). 4328:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 4274:Baer, Marc David (2021). 3976:. The Wall Street Journal 3795:– via Google Books. 3480:. ABC-CLIO. p. 698. 3419:– via Bartleby.com. 3210:10.1017/S002074380005128X 3152:. Bucharest. p. 157. 3110:– via Google Books. 3076:– via Google Books. 2703:Finkel, Caroline (2005). 2616:Oriental Translation Fund 2538:Suleiman, as sculpted by 2470:as a military prodigy in 2013:, Istanbul), with Hürrem; 1951:, Istanbul), with Hürrem; 1743:Elias John Wilkinson Gibb 1741:. The literary historian 1711:to commemorate the year: 988:Habsburg–Persian alliance 871:. Following a five-month 729:, with a brief tenure at 355: 346: 79: 46: 6453:Suleiman the Magnificent 6310:Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri 6285:Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin 6270:Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin 6244:Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin 6199:Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin 5298:Family tree (simplified) 5113:26 December 2022 at the 4760:The World of Ottoman Art 4705:Suleiman the magnificent 4426:Journal of Asian History 4110:Osmanlı tarihi, Volume 2 3657:26 December 2022 at the 3601:. Routledge. p. 2. 3344:Encyclopaedia Britannica 3285:26 December 2022 at the 2944:. Istanbul: Isis Press. 2047:), with Hürrem, married 1400:, known to Europeans as 933:Treaty of Constantinople 701:to Şehzade Selim (later 583:origin who converted to 466:Suleiman the Magnificent 86:Portrait of Suleiman by 6360:Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul 5099:(2nd ed 1990): 570–594 4920:"Suleiman The Lawgiver" 4811:Merriman, Roger Bigelow 4762:. Thames & Hudson. 4621:. A.E.R. Publications. 3622:İnalcik, Halil (1997). 3510:. Brill. pp. 11–. 3360:Sicker, Martin (2000). 3040:Encyclopedia Britannica 2769:Hathaway, Jane (2008). 1725:), in which the Arabic 1619:The arts under Suleiman 1451:Franco-Ottoman alliance 1370:Franco-Ottoman alliance 1329:Franco-Ottoman alliance 1128:and all of what is now 859:, the home base of the 784:Islam and Protestantism 643:Sulṭān Süleymān-ı Evvel 56:Shah of Baghdad in Iraq 6325:Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin 6275:Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik 6219:Şehzade Selim Süleyman 6214:Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin 6209:Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin 5293:Family tree (detailed) 4965:Yalman, Suzan (2000). 4831:Norwich, John Julius. 4656:10.1386/ajms.3.3.315_1 4617:Ahmed, Syed Z (2001). 4535:Halil İnalcık (1973). 4391:. Anıt. pp. 9–22. 4226:Women in World History 3743:Black, Jeremy (1996). 3472:Mikaberidze, Alexander 3407:. 2001. Archived from 2899:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2536: 2476:, where the Prince of 2473:The Merchant of Venice 2410: 2402: 2394: 2385:Ottoman decline thesis 2284: 2150: 2065: 1844: 1771: 1766:in Istanbul, built by 1653: 1642: 1593:) formally denouncing 1581:, the Sultan issued a 1526: 1514: 1498:Matteo Perez d'Aleccio 1438: 1436:Matteo Perez d'Aleccio 1373: 1361: 1337:Italian War of 1542–46 1167: 1084: 1001: 951: 797: 780:Ottoman wars in Europe 760: 690: 654:Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān 482:Ḳānūnī Sulṭān Süleymān 468:in Western Europe and 450: 6335:Şehzade Mahmud Şevket 6239:Şehzade Mehmed Şevket 4798:Lybyer, Albert Howe. 4689:. London: Pan Books. 4387:Ünal, Tahsin (1961). 3884:. London: Routledge. 3325:8 August 2022 at the 3305:8 August 2022 at the 3278:Erasmus, Desiderius. 3265:8 August 2022 at the 3258:Somel, Selcuk Aksin. 3245:8 August 2022 at the 3009:Imber, Colin (2002). 2965:Barber, Noel (1973). 2842:Tezcan, Baki (2010). 2787:Tezcan, Baki (2010). 2544:United States Capitol 2408: 2400: 2392: 2276: 2155:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 2153:Before his downfall, 2143:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 2137: 2063: 1961:Mosque), with Hürrem; 1842: 1809:Old City of Jerusalem 1803:in Jerusalem and the 1762: 1703:. When his young son 1648: 1638:of defeated enemy in 1636:execution by elephant 1626: 1520: 1512: 1443:expedition to Algiers 1433: 1367: 1348: 1266:Conquest of Abyssinia 1206:. The Mughal Emperor 1162:Ottoman fleet in the 1161: 1075: 1037:, the founder of the 995: 945: 791: 693:Suleiman was born in 684: 470:Suleiman the Lawgiver 6401:Şehzade Mahmud Namık 6345:Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid 6265:Şehzade Mehmed Selim 4980:Yapp, Malcolm Edward 4309:Turan, Ebru (2009). 3702:Geographical Journal 3595:Kour, Z. H. (2005). 3504:Özcan, Azmi (1997). 3411:on 18 September 2002 2971:Simon & Schuster 2827:Şahin, Kaya (2013). 2492:. One of these, the 2357:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha 2072:, a harem girl from 1658:cultural development 1494:Great Siege of Malta 1341:Great Siege of Malta 1333:Hayreddin Barbarossa 1180:Hadim Suleiman Pasha 1146:1548 capture of Aden 984:Ottoman–Persian Wars 806:conquest of Belgrade 792:Suleiman during the 751:Bartolomeo Contarini 516:were checked at the 231:, Szigetvár, Hungary 118:30 September 1520 – 6503:People from Trabzon 6376:Şehzade Ahmed Nihad 6350:Şehzade Mehmed Abid 5578:Related templates: 4802:(Harvard UP, 1913) 4784:. London: Phoenix. 4663:Atıl, Esin (1987). 4466:No Fear Shakespeare 4165:İstanbul evliyaları 3714:1936GeogJ..87..289C 3598:The History of Aden 3375:Burak, Guy (2015). 3123:National Geographic 2468:William Shakespeare 1941:), with Mahidevran; 1630:miniature from the 1417:Francis I of France 1188:Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis 1166:in the 16th century 974:Ottoman–Safavid War 886:(1506–1526) at the 884:Louis II of Hungary 861:Knights Hospitaller 774:Conquests in Europe 649:قانونی سلطان سليمان 474:قانونى سلطان سليمان 461:[syleiˈman] 6381:Şehzade Osman Fuad 6320:Şehzade Ömer Faruk 6300:Şehzade Ömer Hilmi 6290:Şehzade Ahmed Nuri 5303:Line of succession 5205:Sunni Islam titles 5118:(Routledge, 2016) 4924:Saudi Aramco World 4515:The New York Times 4374:(1911) pp 109–125. 4123:Şahin, K. (2023). 3552:10.1093/jis/7.1.32 2729:Saudi Aramco World 2494:Süleymaniye Mosque 2411: 2403: 2395: 2353:siege of Szigetvár 2318:Siege of Szigetvár 2285: 2151: 2086:captured by Tatars 2066: 2045:Süleymaniye Mosque 1907:Yavuz Selim Mosque 1845: 1805:Walls of Jerusalem 1772: 1764:Süleymaniye Mosque 1654: 1643: 1527: 1515: 1439: 1374: 1362: 1314:in 1488 initiated 1194:imperial ports of 1168: 1085: 1065:and some forts in 1002: 952: 810:Kingdom of Hungary 798: 763:Military campaigns 725:(Theodosia), then 691: 577:Orthodox Christian 472:(Ottoman Turkish: 238:, Istanbul, Turkey 236:Süleymaniye Mosque 214:Kingdom of Hungary 6478:Islam and Judaism 6440: 6439: 6422:Şehzade Ali Vasib 5593: 5592: 5237: 5236: 5228:Succeeded by 5194:Succeeded by 5027:978-0-465-02396-7 4994:on 3 October 2008 4988:Microsoft Encarta 4881:978-0-465-03251-8 4864:Peirce, Leslie P. 4855:978-0-19-508677-5 4840:Peirce, Leslie P. 4791:978-0-7538-1675-2 4720:978-2-86645-678-8 4696:978-0-330-24735-1 4674:978-0-89468-098-4 4628:978-0-9715873-0-4 4555:Joseph Kiselewski 4472:on 17 August 2018 4287:978-1-5416-7380-9 4241:"Ibrāhīm Pas̲h̲a" 4174:978-9944-486-70-5 4163:Okan, A. (2008). 4134:978-0-19-753163-1 4070:978-1-4094-7611-5 3999:. Middle East Eye 3891:978-0-582-25655-2 3863:978-0-7614-1489-6 3635:978-0-521-57456-3 3608:978-1-135-78114-9 3517:978-90-04-10632-1 3386:978-1-107-09027-9 3238:Bonney, Richard. 3183:Osprey Publishing 3158:cite encyclopedia 3036:"Siege of Rhodes" 3020:978-0-333-61386-3 2808:The Ottoman World 2540:Joseph Kiselewski 2420:advice literature 2250:. The eldest was 1811:), renovated the 1358:Battle of Preveza 1312:Cape of Good Hope 1310:discovery of the 877:Knights of Rhodes 628:Muḥteşem Süleymān 548:) and religious ( 508:in 1522–1523. At 479: 439: 420: 419: 360: 359: 227:Organs buried at 6535: 6427:Dündar Ali Osman 6330:Mehmed Abdulaziz 6016:Şehzade Süleyman 5917:Şehzade Cihangir 5902:Şehzade Abdullah 5840:Şehzade Abdullah 5661: 5630: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5597: 5569: 5568: 5263: 5256: 5249: 5240: 5211:Preceded by 5177:Preceded by 5167: 5166:6 September 1566 5160: 5142: 5092: 5072: 5050: 5031: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4990:. 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Archived from 2720: 2709: 2708: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2680: 2659: 2658: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2635: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2588: 2501:Great Man theory 2460:Jean de Thévenot 2440:cities (such as 2339: 2330: 2084:priest, she was 2036: 2032: 2003:Şehzade Cihangir 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1965:Şehzade Abdullah 1935:Muradiye Complex 1928: 1918: 1915: 1904: 1901: 1898:Şehzade Mahmud ( 1866:Mahidevran Hatun 1801:Dome of the Rock 1731:Islamic calendar 1720: 1719: 1698: 1697: 1665: 1664: 1614: 1613: 1592: 1591: 1573: 1572: 1556: 1555: 1538: 1537: 1489:Knights of Malta 1482:Battle of Djerba 1466:captured Tripoli 1291:(a sultanate on 888:Battle of Mohács 665: 656: 651: 650: 645: 640: 639: 638:سلطان سليمان أول 630: 625: 624: 532:and through the 484: 478:romanized: 477: 475: 463: 458: 444: 442:Süleyman-ı Evvel 434: 432: 416: 348: 338:Şehzade Cihangir 328:Şehzade Abdullah 279:Mahidevran Hatun 273: 271: 206: 203:6 September 1566 152:Amir al-Mu'minin 121: 120:6 September 1566 96: 93: 84: 39: 6543: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6528:Sons of sultans 6523:Ottoman caliphs 6513:Turkish Muslims 6443: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6415:23rd generation 6410: 6369:22nd generation 6364: 6253:21st generation 6248: 6177:20th generation 6172: 6151:19th generation 6146: 6120:18th generation 6115: 6087:17th generation 6082: 6066:16th generation 6061: 6035:15th generation 6030: 6011:Şehzade Bayezid 5989:14th generation 5984: 5963:13th generation 5958: 5942:12th generation 5937: 5926:11th generation 5921: 5912:Şehzade Bayezid 5892:Şehzade Mustafa 5885:10th generation 5880: 5854: 5813: 5792: 5771: 5750: 5726:Süleyman Çelebi 5714: 5688: 5662: 5653: 5632: 5631:Ottoman princes 5624: 5594: 5589: 5555: 5349:Süleyman Çelebi 5307: 5279: 5267: 5233: 5224: 5216: 5199: 5190: 5182: 5161: 5159:6 November 1494 5155: 5154: 5147: 5133: 5128: 5115:Wayback Machine 5081: 5064: 5047: 5034: 5028: 5015: 5011: 5009:Further reading 5006: 4997: 4995: 4978: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4945: 4943: 4918: 4897: 4888: 4882: 4874:. Basic Books. 4862: 4856: 4838: 4809: 4792: 4776: 4770: 4754: 4748: 4727: 4710:Garnier, Edith 4697: 4681: 4675: 4662: 4635: 4629: 4616: 4603: 4598: 4596:Printed sources 4593: 4588: 4587: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4369: 4365: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4288: 4273: 4272: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4188:Yermolenko 2005 4186: 4182: 4175: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4106: 4097: 4089: 4078: 4071: 4058: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3910:turkcebilgi.org 3904: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3851: 3850: 3843: 3834:Mitev, Georgi. 3833: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3722:10.2307/1785556 3699: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3659:Wayback Machine 3647: 3643: 3636: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3609: 3594: 3593: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3488: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3327:Wayback Machine 3317: 3313: 3307:Wayback Machine 3297: 3293: 3287:Wayback Machine 3277: 3273: 3267:Wayback Machine 3257: 3253: 3247:Wayback Machine 3237: 3233: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3154: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3093: 3092: 3081: 3074: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3034:Bunting, Tony. 3033: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3008: 3007: 2988: 2981: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2825: 2818: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2768: 2767: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2722: 2721: 2712: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2682: 2681: 2662: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2636: 2623: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2597: 2590: 2589: 2580: 2575: 2566:Muhteşem Yüzyıl 2556: 2527:Bender, Moldova 2516:Ebussuud Efendi 2387: 2381: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2331: 2320: 2314: 2232: 2215:İskender Çelebi 2132: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2076:, then part of 2058: 2041:Mihrimah Sultan 2020: 1999:), with Hürrem; 1985:Şehzade Bayezid 1978: 1971: 1955:Sultan Selim II 1923:Şehzade Mustafa 1916: 1912:Şehzade Murad ( 1902: 1892: 1859: 1854: 1829: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1689:(nom de plume) 1680:Persian culture 1621: 1507: 1474:piratical raids 1425:Barbary pirates 1372:from the 1530s. 1343: 1325: 1208:Akbar the Great 1156: 1140:Main articles: 1138: 1110:Eastern Armenia 1098:Western Armenia 1094:Peace of Amasya 1081:Ottoman vassals 1014:Safavid dynasty 990: 978:Main articles: 976: 924:siege to Vienna 900:Kalender Çelebi 865:Marmaris Castle 794:siege of Rhodes 786: 776: 771: 765: 739: 719:Pargalı Ibrahim 679: 671:Süleyman Çelebi 618: 542:Ebussuud Efendi 518:siege of Vienna 456: 427:Ottoman Turkish 342: 333:Şehzade Bayezid 318:Mihrimah Sultan 303:Şehzade Mustafa 283: 275: 267: 263: 260: 242: 241: 234:Body buried at 208: 204: 184: 183:6 November 1494 119: 98: 94: 74: 60:Sultan of Egypt 35: 32:Kanun (Albania) 17: 12: 11: 5: 6541: 6539: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6445: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6396:Ertuğrul Osman 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6189:Abdul Hamid II 6186: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6168:Mustafa Efendi 6165: 6160: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6101: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6001:Şehzade Mehmed 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5970:Şehzade Mahmud 5966: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5897:Şehzade Mehmed 5894: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5859:9th generation 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5845:Şehzade Mahmud 5842: 5837: 5832: 5830:Şehzade Korkut 5827: 5821: 5819: 5818:8th generation 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5797:7th generation 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5779: 5777: 5776:6th generation 5773: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5758: 5756: 5755:5th generation 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5746:Mustafa Çelebi 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5719:4th generation 5716: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5694: 5693:3rd generation 5690: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5674:Süleyman Pasha 5670: 5668: 5667:2nd generation 5664: 5663: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5644:Alaeddin Pasha 5640: 5638: 5637:1st generation 5634: 5633: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5585:Valide sultans 5582: 5575: 5574: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5536:Abdul Hamid II 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5368:Mustafa Çelebi 5364: 5359: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5226: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5192: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5172:Regnal titles 5169: 5168: 5151:House of Osman 5148: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5132: 5131:External links 5129: 5127: 5126: 5103: 5093: 5079: 5062: 5054:Lamb, Harold. 5052: 5045: 5032: 5026: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4976: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4916: 4906:(2): 231–248. 4895: 4886: 4880: 4860: 4854: 4836: 4829: 4807: 4796: 4790: 4778:Lewis, Bernard 4774: 4768: 4756:Levey, Michael 4752: 4746: 4725: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4679: 4673: 4660: 4650:(3): 315–334. 4633: 4627: 4614: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4567: 4542: 4527: 4501: 4483: 4453: 4444: 4435: 4413: 4394: 4379: 4363: 4338: 4301: 4286: 4257: 4231: 4213: 4204: 4192: 4190:, p. 233. 4180: 4173: 4155: 4140: 4133: 4115: 4095: 4076: 4069: 4048: 4041: 4023: 4010: 3987: 3964: 3942: 3933: 3915: 3897: 3890: 3869: 3862: 3841: 3826: 3812: 3798: 3792:978-0871691613 3791: 3771: 3762: 3755: 3735: 3708:(4): 289–302. 3692: 3681:on 16 May 2023 3662: 3641: 3634: 3614: 3607: 3582: 3557: 3530: 3516: 3493: 3487:978-1598843361 3486: 3463: 3457:, V.J. Parry, 3447: 3441:978-1442241466 3440: 3422: 3392: 3385: 3367: 3364:. p. 206. 3349: 3331: 3311: 3291: 3271: 3251: 3231: 3188: 3169: 3140: 3113: 3107:978-0786474707 3106: 3079: 3073:978-0756668174 3072: 3052: 3026: 3019: 2986: 2979: 2973:. p. 36. 2957: 2950: 2929: 2922: 2904: 2901:. Vol. 2. 2889: 2882: 2864: 2849: 2834: 2816: 2798: 2779: 2758: 2747:on 6 July 2011 2710: 2695: 2684:Mansel, Philip 2660: 2657:. p. 123. 2645: 2621: 2607: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2555: 2552: 2430:transformation 2380: 2377: 2344: 2343: 2334: 2333: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2313: 2310: 2231: 2228: 2187:Topkapı Palace 2131: 2128: 2105: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2038: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2011:Şehzade Mosque 2000: 1993:Safavid Empire 1982: 1962: 1952: 1949:Şehzade Mosque 1945:Şehzade Mehmed 1942: 1920: 1910: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1869: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1828: 1825: 1747: 1727:Abjad numerals 1671:Topkapı Palace 1634:depicting the 1620: 1617: 1566:kanun‐i Osmani 1523:Matrakçı Nasuh 1506: 1503: 1324: 1321: 1278:Horn of Africa 1258:Adal Sultanate 1184:Seydi Ali Reis 1137: 1134: 1045:winter of the 975: 972: 948:John Sigismund 935:was signed by 775: 772: 764: 761: 738: 735: 715:Constantinople 711:Topkapı Palace 678: 675: 617: 614: 491:Ottoman Empire 418: 417: 410: 404: 403: 398: 394: 393: 388: 384: 383: 378: 374: 373: 368: 362: 361: 358: 357: 353: 352: 344: 343: 341: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 313:Şehzade Mehmed 310: 305: 300: 297: 296:Şehzade Mahmud 293: 291: 285: 284: 282: 281: 265: 261: 256: 255: 254: 253: 250: 248: 244: 243: 240: 239: 232: 224: 223: 221: 217: 216: 207:(aged 71) 201: 197: 196: 194:Ottoman Empire 190:Trabzon Eyalet 181: 177: 176: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 147:Ottoman caliph 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 116: 112: 111: 100: 99: 85: 77: 76: 73: 72: 67: 65:Caesar of Rome 62: 57: 54: 48: 44: 43: 21:Kanuni (hompa) 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6540: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6508:Turkish poets 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6406:Bayezid Osman 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Abdulmejid II 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6143: 6142:Şehzade Selim 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6111:Abdul Hamid I 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6021:Şehzade Kasım 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5871:Şehzade Murad 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5850:Şehzade Murad 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825:Şehzade Ahmet 5823: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5767:Küçük Mustafa 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5684:Şehzade Halil 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5660: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5609: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5551:Abdulmejid II 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5501:Abdul Hamid I 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5264: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5189: 5188: 5181: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5124:9780754667612 5121: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5080:9780691123264 5076: 5071: 5070: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5046:975-428-052-5 5042: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5013: 5008: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4942:on 5 May 2014 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4769:0-500-27065-1 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4747:9781118887912 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4707:(Saqi, 2012). 4706: 4703:Clot, André. 4702: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4590: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4539:. p. 41. 4538: 4531: 4528: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4395: 4390: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4346:Turan, Ebru. 4342: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4202:, p. 65. 4201: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4153:, p. 58. 4152: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4093:, p. 60. 4092: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042:9780140270563 4038: 4034: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4011: 3998: 3991: 3988: 3975: 3968: 3965: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3756:0-521-47033-1 3752: 3748: 3747: 3739: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3693: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3570: 3569: 3561: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3531: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3423: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3340:"István Dobó" 3335: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3189: 3185:. p. 50. 3184: 3180: 3173: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3056: 3053: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3027: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980:0-7861-0682-4 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2958: 2953: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2930: 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After the 1252: 1241: 1232:siege of Diu 1212: 1172:Indian Ocean 1169: 1164:Indian Ocean 1118:Persian Gulf 1086: 1043: 1020:killed the 1003: 957: 953: 915:John Zápolya 904: 881: 869:Ottoman Navy 850: 818:John Hunyadi 799: 756: 740: 707:Hafsa Sultan 692: 687:Nakkaş Osman 685:Suleiman by 668: 659: 623:محتشم سليمان 619: 570: 538: 534:Persian Gulf 514: 495: 469: 465: 453: 422: 421: 391:Hafsa Sultan 205:(1566-09-06) 150: 47: 36: 25: 6463:1566 deaths 6458:1494 births 6432:Harun Osman 6106:Mustafa III 6052:Suleiman II 5876:Üveys Pasha 5741:Musa Çelebi 5496:Mustafa III 5466:Suleiman II 5355:Musa Çelebi 5337:Interregnum 4580:www.aoc.gov 4551:"Sculpture" 4476:21 December 4451:Ahmed, 147. 4200:Uluçay 1992 4151:Peirce 2017 4091:Peirce 1993 4035:. Penguin. 4003:21 November 3980:21 November 3957:21 November 3066:. Penguin. 2967:The Sultans 2513:Grand Mufti 2490:Mimar Sinan 2425:naṣīḥatnāme 1979: 1528 1972: 1525 1917: 1515 1903: 1513 1785:Süleymaniye 1781:Mimar Sinan 1768:Mimar Sinan 1675:Ehl-i Hiref 1667:Ehl-i Hiref 1579:Moses Hamon 1559:Grand Mufti 1462:Turgut Reis 1386:Peloponnese 1264:during the 1010:Shia Muslim 968:Eger Castle 964:István Dobó 937:Ferdinand I 585:Sunni Islam 451:I. Süleyman 401:Sunni Islam 160:Predecessor 126:Predecessor 95: 1530 28:(drillship) 6447:Categories 6132:Mustafa IV 6073:Mustafa II 5949:Mehmed III 5866:Suleiman I 5809:Cem Sultan 5804:Bayezid II 5731:İsa Çelebi 5511:Mustafa IV 5476:Mustafa II 5426:Mehmed III 5411:Suleiman I 5400:Cem Sultan 5394:Bayezid II 5343:İsa Çelebi 5089:1204337149 4612:: 181–204. 4591:References 4442:Lewis, 10. 4296:1236896222 4211:Ahmed, 43. 2951:9754280525 2794:discarded. 2520:chancellor 2416:chancellor 2383:See also: 2367:, outside 2316:See also: 2252:Mahidevran 2230:Succession 2179:Hippodrome 1709:chronogram 1402:Barbarossa 1327:See also: 1308:Portuguese 1215:Portuguese 1130:Azerbaijan 1100:, western 1063:Azerbaijan 1035:Abu Hanifa 998:Nakhchivan 855:island of 834:Byzantines 830:Bulgarians 778:See also: 767:See also: 758:judgment." 677:Early life 554:Golden Age 457:pronounced 431:سليمان اول 423:Suleiman I 42:Suleiman I 6473:Filicides 6224:Mehmed VI 6163:Abdulaziz 6137:Mahmud II 6127:Selim III 6099:Osman III 6078:Ahmed III 6047:Mehmed IV 5980:Mustafa I 5933:Murad III 5783:Mehmed II 5710:Bayezid I 5700:Savcı Bey 5546:Mehmed VI 5526:Abdulaziz 5516:Mahmud II 5506:Selim III 5491:Osman III 5481:Ahmed III 5461:Mehmed IV 5446:Mustafa I 5436:Mustafa I 5421:Murad III 5389:Mehmed II 5379:Mehmed II 5331:Bayezid I 4936:1530-5821 4723:Interview 4410:: 197–98. 4358:655885125 3940:Atıl, 26. 3675:gymwp.app 3401:"1548–49" 3226:162249695 3218:0020-7438 3135:0027-9358 2741:1530-5821 2486:Bosphorus 2369:Szigetvár 2219:defterdar 2210:defterdar 2196:beylerbey 2018:Daughters 1880:Ruthenian 1687:takhallus 1390:Charles V 1297:Indonesia 1102:Kurdistan 919:Charles V 911:Habsburgs 907:Ferdinand 822:Albanians 814:Mehmed II 808:from the 737:Accession 699:Black Sea 581:Ruthenian 436:romanized 210:Szigetvár 168:Successor 136:Successor 6194:Mehmed V 6094:Mahmud I 6057:Ahmed II 6006:Murad IV 5996:Osman II 5907:Selim II 5762:Murad II 5736:Mehmed I 5571:Category 5541:Mehmed V 5486:Mahmud I 5471:Ahmed II 5451:Murad IV 5441:Osman II 5416:Selim II 5384:Murad II 5374:Murad II 5362:Mehmed I 5231:Selim II 5197:Selim II 5111:Archived 4998:17 April 4982:(2007). 4946:18 April 4866:(2017). 4842:(1993). 4813:(1944). 4780:(2002). 4758:(1975). 4685:(1976). 4560:23 April 4520:9 August 4333:Archived 4321:: 3–36. 4251:2 August 3880:(1997). 3655:Archived 3474:(2011). 3323:Archived 3303:Archived 3283:Archived 3263:Archived 3243:Archived 3045:10 April 2751:18 April 2686:(1998). 2554:See also 2444:), many 2361:Selim II 2301:Safavids 2277:Ottoman 2248:Cihangir 2175:falconer 2098:favorite 2082:Orthodox 2074:Ruthenia 2051:in 1539; 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