40:
311:", and three counts of violation of the CFAA, alleging she violated MySpace's terms of service by misrepresenting herself. O'Brien justified his prosecution of the case because MySpace's servers were located in his jurisdiction. The jury convicted Drew of three misdemeanor counts, dismissing one on the grounds prosecutors had failed to demonstrate Drew inflicted emotional distress on Meier.
206:, a false flag pseudonym created by a user whose actual point of view is opposed to that of the sockpuppet. The concern troll posts in web forums devoted to its declared point of view and attempts to sway the group's actions or opinions while claiming to share their goals, but with professed "concerns". The goal is to sow
654:", Lisa sets up a sock puppet account under the name "Truth Teller" on Springfield Elementary's school blog. She uses it to post positive things about herself in an effort to increase her popularity, after being voted the least popular student in school. She becomes even less popular after her ruse is found out.
375:
The court, therefore, ordered the defendants to "remove or cause to be removed all postings creating the false impression that more person are commenting on the program th actually exist." The court also found, however, that the comments of the defendants "which do not create a false impression of
146:
Sockpuppets may be created during an online poll to increase the puppeteer's votes. A related usage is the creation of multiple identities, each supporting the puppeteer's views in an argument, attempting to position the puppeteer as representing majority opinion and sideline opposition voices. In
616:
On
September 11, 2014, a number of sockpuppet accounts reported an explosion at a chemical plant in Louisiana. The reports came on a range of media, including Twitter and YouTube, but U.S. authorities claimed the entire event to be a hoax. The information was determined by many to have originated
582:
social media researcher identified "more than two dozen of
Twitter accounts claiming to be black Trump supporters who gained hundreds of thousands of likes and retweets in a span of just a few days, sparking major doubts about their identities," many using photos of black men from news reports or
371:
with business relations and awarded injunctive relief against it during the pendency of litigation. The court found that "the act of falsifying multiple identities" is conduct that should be enjoined. It explained that the conduct was wrongful "not because the statements are false or true, but
632:
claimed in a 2012 paper that the United
Kingdom government and the European Union fund charities that campaign and lobby for causes the government supports. In one example, 73% of responses to a government consultation were the direct result of campaigns by alleged "sockpuppet" organizations.
471:
admitted using pseudonyms to praise his own books, claiming that "everyone does it". He spoke of building a "network of characters", some operated by his friends, who discussed his books and had conversations with him directly. The same year, after he was pressured by the spy novelist
314:
During sentencing arguments, prosecutors argued for the maximum sentence for the statute: three years in prison and a fine of $ 300,000. Drew's lawyers argued her use of a false identity did not constitute unauthorized access to MySpace, citing
372:
because the conduct of making up names of persons who do not exist to post fake comments by fake people to support
Defendants' position tortiously interferes with Plaintiffs' business" and such "conduct is inherently unfair."
1752:
761:
300:
186:
pseudonym created to make a particular point of view look foolish or unwholesome in order to generate negative sentiment against it. Strawman sockpuppets typically behave in an unintelligent, uninformed, or
1597:
1384:
376:
fake patients or fake employees, or fake persons connected to program (those posted under their respective names) are protected by The
Constitution of the United States of America, First Amendment."
351:. Golb defended his actions as "satirical hoaxes" protected by free-speech rights. He was disbarred and sentenced to six months in prison, but the sentence was reduced to probation on appeal.
792:
1192:
945:
1430:
827:
1161:
1562:
609:
for "online persona management" operations to create "fake online personas to influence net conversations and spread U.S. propaganda" in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Pashto as part of
1742:
914:
751:
1353:
1936:
1055:
1258:
1511:
1408:
347:, criminal impersonation, and aggravated harassment, for using multiple sockpuppet accounts to attack and impersonate historians he perceived as rivals of his father,
59:, or to circumvent restrictions such as viewing a social media account that a user is blocked from. Sock puppets are unwelcome in many online communities and forums.
1688:
166:. The stealth marketer creates one or more pseudonymous accounts, each claiming to be a different enthusiastic supporter of the sponsor's product, book or ideology.
1586:
1719:
1030:
1132:
480:
admitted having used a pseudonymous account name to write a positive review for each of his own novels, and additionally a negative review for two other authors.
362:
1854:
1622:
2430:
292:, a 13-year-old girl who had allegedly been in conflict with Drew's daughter. After "Josh Evans" ended the relationship with Meier, the latter died of suicide.
1376:
674:
2330:
456:
was found to have written Amazon reviews under the names "orlando-birkbeck" and "historian", praising his own books and criticizing those of historians
1452:
1108:
669:
622:
1075:
784:
452:(1963), was among the authors unmasked in this way, and was shown to have written numerous five-star reviews of his own work. In 2010, historian
1184:
937:
516:
website after he admitted "posting there, as well as on other sites, under false names." He used the pseudonyms to attack conservatives such as
2313:
2269:
1778:
1427:
817:
195:" arguments that their puppeteers can easily refute. The intended effect is to discredit more rational arguments made for the same position.
88:
defines the term without reference to the internet, as "a person whose actions are controlled by another; a minion" with a 2000 citation from
1553:
1151:
1005:
598:
2264:
1323:
1890:
2019:
592:
245:
1914:
Background to "Assessing
Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections": The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution
1486:
2165:
1101:
483:
288:
account purporting to be operated by a fictitious 16-year-old boy named Josh Evans. "Josh Evans" began an online relationship with
2200:
2125:
1345:
560:
109:
1929:
1266:
1052:
138:
One reason for sockpuppeting is to circumvent a block, ban, or other form of sanction imposed on the person's original account.
1508:
1405:
2067:
844:
2420:
1680:
1290:
629:
606:
1711:
1645:
1129:
1022:
527:
304:
105:
906:
524:
was the newspaper's first blog. While suspended from blogging, Hiltzik continued to write regularly for the newspaper.
411:, while concealing his relationship to both companies. Whole Foods argued that none of Mackey's actions broke the law.
1846:
1612:
207:
422:, prosecutors alleged that he had posted messages on a Yahoo! Finance chat room using the name "nspector", attacking
90:
1534:
2425:
461:
430:, where he was convicted of mail fraud and obstruction. The postings were raised at multiple points in the trial.
251:
A number of techniques have been developed to determine whether accounts are sockpuppets, including comparing the
873:
400:
84:
442:
computer glitch in 2004 revealed the names of many authors who had written pseudonymous reviews of their books.
104:(WMF) condemned paid advocacy sockpuppeting on Knowledge and, two days later on October 23, specifically banned
704:
618:
2150:
2120:
2012:
1185:"Knowledge sockpuppetry: linking accounts to real people is pure speculation | The Policy and Internet Blog"
878:
610:
126:
1449:
1105:
647:
427:
296:
289:
244:"Sockpuppet investigation" redirects here. For Knowledge's project page on investigating sockpuppets, see
226:
31:
1221:
426:
and blaming them for his company's stock performance. Prosecutors provided evidence of these postings in
55:. Sock puppets include online identities created to praise, defend, or support a person or organization,
2399:
1215:
1079:
578:
and praising Trump while systematically emphasizing his race and sexual orientation. In
October 2020, a
419:
368:
323:
dispute, in which a court of appeals ruled "fraudulently induced consent is consent nonetheless." Judge
279:
56:
2325:
2308:
2281:
2044:
583:
stock images "including one in which the text 'black man photo' was still watermarked on the image".
101:
2387:
2291:
1788:
1592:
679:
621:. Russia was again implicated by the U.S. intelligence community in 2016 for hiring trolls in the
43:
In
Internet terms, sock puppets are online identities used for disguised activity by the operator.
2435:
2276:
2243:
2217:
2195:
2190:
2160:
2145:
2005:
1821:
1617:
1481:
1461:
822:
756:
617:
with a
Russian government-sponsored sockpuppet management office in Saint Petersburg, called the
579:
396:
320:
1313:
989:
981:
2392:
2061:
1882:
1873:
1001:
512:
495:
408:
163:
152:
76:
886:
407:
Finance
Message Board, extolling his own company and predicting a dire future for its rival,
2357:
2089:
1285:
993:
532:
491:
133:
1476:
51:
is a false online identity used for deceptive purposes. The term originally referred to a
2377:
2352:
2286:
2248:
2185:
1858:
1783:
1538:
1515:
1456:
1434:
1412:
1136:
1125:
1112:
1059:
831:
507:
468:
457:
423:
308:
72:
39:
724:
536:
magazine, was suspended for defending his articles and blog comments under the username "
343:
In 2010, 50-year-old lawyer Raphael Golb was convicted on 30 criminal charges, including
303:, charged Drew, then 49, with four felony counts: one count of conspiracy to violate the
1239:
108:. In August and September 2015, the WMF uncovered another group of sockpuppets known as
2055:
1450:
BRAD STONE and MATT RICHTEL, "The Hand That Controls the Sock Puppet Could Get Slapped"
1064:
Government in the Lab: The Online Magazine for Government and Politics Around the World
867:
651:
344:
338:
203:
199:
148:
2414:
2335:
2303:
2205:
2180:
2099:
1988:
1774:
1156:
453:
448:
256:
67:
The practice of writing pseudonymous self-reviews began before the Internet. Writers
30:"Sockpuppetry" redirects here. For information about sockpuppetry on Knowledge, see
2382:
2170:
2155:
2094:
2079:
2072:
1240:"Guilty Verdict in Cyberbullying Case Provokes Many Questions Over Online Identity"
852:
785:"China Uses an Army of Sockpuppets to Control Public Opinion – and the US Will Too"
643:
563:
520:
and L.A. prosecutor Patrick Frey—who eventually exposed him. Hiltzik's blog at the
477:
415:
324:
219:
156:
68:
476:
on Twitter, who had detected possible indications online, UK crime fiction writer
1314:"Lori Drew Files New Bid for Dismissal on Grounds that MySpace Authorized Access"
2372:
2238:
2084:
1992:
553:
541:
537:
517:
487:
473:
390:
348:
125:"Block evasion" redirects here. For the Knowledge policy on evading blocks, see
52:
1406:"Case of Dead Sea Scrolls, Online Aliases Ends With Probation" (April 16, 2018)
1280:
510:
was temporarily suspended from posting to his blog, "The Golden State", on the
100:
has had a long history of problems with sockpuppetry. On October 21, 2013, the
2367:
2347:
2340:
2320:
2227:
1811:
1318:
699:
689:
664:
557:
467:
During a panel discussion at a British Crime Writers Festival in 2012, author
443:
439:
252:
183:
1886:
1657:
997:
2362:
2175:
2104:
2039:
2028:
1225:
575:
192:
97:
1509:"Historian Orlando Figes admits posting Amazon reviews that trashed rivals"
17:
1961:
2210:
1747:
1531:
684:
1912:
307:(CFAA), which prohibits "accessing a computer without authorization via
2296:
1816:
892:
602:
567:
540:". In one such comment, "Sprezzatura" defended Siegel's bad reviews of
285:
188:
544:: "Siegel is brave, brilliant and wittier than Stewart will ever be."
1587:"RJ Ellory: detected, crime writer who faked his own glowing reviews"
404:
494:
to give consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary
1554:"Do Consumer Are RJ Ellory's faked reviews the tip of the iceberg?"
1653:
694:
367:
In 2014, a Florida state circuit court held that sock puppetry is
260:
38:
1130:'Puppets' Emerge as Internet's Effective, and Deceptive, Salesmen
2001:
1935:. IEA Discussion Paper. Institute of Economic Affairs. No. 39.
1152:"Sock puppet accounts unmasked by the way they write and post"
988:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2429. pp.
907:"Wikimedia Foundation sends cease and desist letter to WikiPR"
571:
162:
A sockpuppet-like use of deceptive fake identities is used in
1437:(17th Jud. Cir., Broward Cty. September 26, 2014) (slip op.).
938:"Knowledge founder backs site's systems after extortion scam"
1997:
263:
it is possible to look up the IP addresses and locate them.
1847:"Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media"
1259:"Cyberbullying verdict turns rule-breakers into criminals"
752:"The Hand That Controls the Sock Puppet Could Get Slapped"
1930:"Sock Puppets: How the government lobbies itself and why"
255:
of suspected sockpuppets and comparative analysis of the
1377:"Dispute Over Dead Sea Scrolls Leads to a Jail Sentence"
1076:"meat puppet Definition: TechEncyclopedia from TechWeb"
267:
Legal implications of sockpuppetry in the United States
498:, which could then be quoted in promotional material.
75:
wrote pseudonymous reviews of their own books, as did
1743:"New Republic Suspends an Editor for Attacks on Blog"
891:
The reference cites a 1996 Clinton supporter calling
403:, was discovered to have posted as "Rahodeb" on the
2257:
2226:
2136:
2113:
2035:
1102:
The Chronicle of Higher Education: The Wired Campus
1872:
1585:
1552:
866:
1810:Kasparian, Ana; Uygur, Cenk (November 26, 2020).
1532:"Orlando Figes to pay fake Amazon review damages"
1289:. The Washington Post Company. December 3, 2008.
1265:. Toronto, Canada: CTVglobemedia. Archived from
1078:. The Computer Language Company. Archived from
490:, created by a marketing executive working for
464:. The two sued Figes and won monetary damages.
284:In 2006, Missouri resident Lori Drew created a
218:"Meatpuppet" redirects here. For the band, see
198:Such sockpuppets behave in a similar manner to
1428:New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis
968:Haters: Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online
363:New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis
356:New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis
2013:
1853:. March 17, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011. (
1346:"Lori Drew cleared of MySpace cyber-bullying"
8:
1423:
1421:
750:Stone, Brad; Richtel, Matt (July 16, 2007).
225:For Knowledge's policy on meatpuppetry, see
812:
810:
605:was awarded a $ 2.76 million contract from
2020:
2006:
1998:
1712:"Los Angeles Times Yanks Columnist's Blog"
1445:
1443:
675:On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog
227:Knowledge:Sockpuppetry § Meatpuppetry
670:Conflict-of-interest editing on Knowledge
327:dismissed the charges before sentencing.
1841:
1839:
1023:"Should stealth marketing be regulated?"
818:"Amazon Glitch Unmasks War Of Reviewers"
623:2016 United States presidential election
27:False online identity used for deception
1691:from the original on September 21, 2018
1611:Streitfeld, David (September 4, 2012).
716:
2270:Chinese espionage in the United States
1942:from the original on February 25, 2021
1824:from the original on December 13, 2021
1600:from the original on January 12, 2022.
1489:from the original on February 20, 2021
1195:from the original on November 16, 2020
1164:from the original on February 14, 2021
795:from the original on November 30, 2020
725:"Sock puppet Definition & Meaning"
1722:from the original on January 25, 2021
1565:from the original on January 12, 2022
1387:from the original on December 6, 2010
1293:from the original on February 6, 2011
948:from the original on December 5, 2020
599:state-sponsored Internet sockpuppetry
570:account presented as that of a black
7:
2431:Internet manipulation and propaganda
2265:Chinese intelligence activity abroad
1551:Kerridge, Jake (September 4, 2012).
1238:Stelter, Brian (November 27, 2008).
936:Dredge, Stuart (September 6, 2015).
887:participating institution membership
2331:Interpersonal (HUMINT) intelligence
1893:from the original on April 28, 2020
1812:"Republican Gets BUSTED On Twitter"
1584:Hough, Andrew (September 2, 2012).
1326:from the original on April 26, 2009
593:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
446:, who wrote the best-selling novel
246:Knowledge:Sockpuppet investigations
1755:from the original on March 9, 2021
1741:Aspan, Maria (September 4, 2006).
1625:from the original on March 4, 2013
1477:"Whole Foods Executive Used Alias"
1375:Eligon, John (November 18, 2010).
1356:from the original on March 7, 2021
1257:Tossell, Ivor (December 4, 2008).
1033:from the original on March 8, 2021
905:Matthew Roth (November 19, 2013).
25:
2166:Computer and network surveillance
1928:Christopher Snowden (July 2012).
1679:Weiss, Michael (April 21, 2006).
1312:Zetter, Kim (December 15, 2008).
1051:Thomler, Craig (April 27, 2011).
917:from the original on June 9, 2020
764:from the original on June 4, 2020
2201:Short-range agent communications
1710:Howard, Kurtz (April 21, 2006).
1475:Martin, Andrew (July 16, 2007).
1124:Ahrens, Frank (October 7, 2006)
783:Elsner, K. (November 28, 2013).
259:of suspected sockpuppets. Using
232:Some sources have used the term
1646:"The Reviewer Who Wasn't There"
1507:Richard Lea and Matthew Taylor
601:, in 2011, a US company called
391:User review § Fake reviews
134:Block (Internet) § Evasion
1845:Nick Fielding and Ian Cobain,
1100:Read, Brock (October 9, 2006)
301:Central District of California
236:as a synonym for sock puppet.
1:
1871:Chen, Adrian (June 2, 2015).
1613:"His Biggest Fan Was Himself"
1021:Sweney, Mark (May 21, 2008).
630:Institute of Economic Affairs
240:Investigation of sockpuppetry
1779:"Making Mischief on the Web"
1106:Attack of the 'Meat Puppets'
305:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
106:Wiki-PR editing of Knowledge
91:U.S. News & World Report
57:to manipulate public opinion
53:hand puppet made from a sock
1644:Horn, John (June 2, 2001).
1150:Gent, Edd (April 6, 2017).
1053:"Battle of the sockpuppets"
208:fear, uncertainty and doubt
202:. A particular case is the
2452:
1514:February 18, 2021, at the
1135:February 11, 2017, at the
590:
566:voter having a sockpuppet
388:
360:
336:
277:
243:
224:
217:
178:(sometimes abbreviated as
131:
124:
29:
1433:December 9, 2020, at the
1411:October 30, 2020, at the
1322:. Condé Nast Publishing.
1111:February 8, 2009, at the
874:Oxford English Dictionary
556:reported an example of a
414:During the 2007 trial of
295:In 2008, Thomas O'Brien,
85:Oxford English Dictionary
998:10.1007/3-540-45748-8_24
980:Douceur, John R (2002).
619:Internet Research Agency
380:Examples of sockpuppetry
210:(FUD) within the group.
2151:Covert listening device
2121:Intelligence assessment
1281:"Lori Drew is a meanie"
1058:March 21, 2018, at the
879:Oxford University Press
611:Operation Earnest Voice
587:Government sockpuppetry
552:In late November 2020,
420:Hollinger International
147:the abstract theory of
127:Knowledge:Block evasion
1857:June 10, 2016, at the
1537:March 8, 2021, at the
1455:March 8, 2021, at the
1222:259 F.R.D. 449
830:March 8, 2021, at the
826:, February 14, 2004. (
789:Guardian Liberty Voice
428:Black's criminal trial
297:United States Attorney
44:
32:Knowledge:Sockpuppetry
2400:Targeted surveillance
1777:(December 16, 2006).
1541:, BBC, July 16, 2010.
1350:Sydney Morning Herald
1216:United States v. Drew
855:on February 25, 2012.
434:Book and film reviews
418:, chief executive of
369:tortious interference
280:United States v. Drew
273:United States v. Drew
155:, this is known as a
132:Further information:
42:
2421:Internet terminology
2326:Industrial espionage
2126:competing hypotheses
1269:on December 9, 2008.
986:Peer-to-Peer Systems
607:U.S. Central Command
548:Politically oriented
395:In 2007, the CEO of
102:Wikimedia Foundation
1820:. The Young Turks.
1791:on January 13, 2007
1716:The Washington Post
1593:The Daily Telegraph
1559:The Daily Telegraph
877:(Online ed.).
680:Passing (sociology)
648:twenty-third season
309:interstate commerce
191:manner, advancing "
176:strawman sockpuppet
170:Strawman sockpuppet
2277:Cold War espionage
2244:Front organization
2218:Surveillance tools
2196:Phone surveillance
2191:One-way voice link
2146:Concealment device
1879:The New York Times
1618:The New York Times
1482:The New York Times
1462:The New York Times
1244:The New York Times
1189:blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk
982:"The Sybil Attack"
823:The New York Times
757:The New York Times
637:In popular culture
580:Clemson University
506:American reporter
385:Business promotion
321:breach of contract
153:reputation systems
45:
2426:Internet trolling
2408:
2407:
2062:Agent provocateur
1917:, January 6, 2017
1007:978-3-540-44179-3
885:(Subscription or
597:As an example of
574:man, criticizing
513:Los Angeles Times
496:Columbia Pictures
486:was a fictitious
409:Wild Oats Markets
164:stealth marketing
77:Benjamin Franklin
16:(Redirected from
2443:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1962:"Lisa Goes Gaga"
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1787:. Archived from
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1656:. Archived from
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1522:, April 23, 2010
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1472:
1466:
1465:, July 16, 2007.
1447:
1438:
1425:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1352:. July 3, 2009.
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1229:
1219:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1147:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1082:on July 16, 2011
1072:
1066:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1018:
1012:
1011:
977:
971:
966:Poland, Bailey:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
902:
896:
890:
882:
870:
863:
857:
856:
851:. Archived from
841:
835:
814:
805:
804:
802:
800:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:
721:
561:Republican Party
533:The New Republic
492:Sony Corporation
317:People v. Donell
21:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2378:Sting operation
2287:Black operation
2253:
2249:Limited hangout
2231:
2222:
2186:Numbers station
2138:
2132:
2109:
2049:
2031:
2026:
1993:The Jargon File
1985:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1859:Wayback Machine
1844:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1681:"I Spy Your IP"
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1660:on June 9, 2001
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1539:Wayback Machine
1530:
1526:
1516:Wayback Machine
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1457:Wayback Machine
1448:
1441:
1435:Wayback Machine
1426:
1419:
1413:Wayback Machine
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1183:Yasseri, Taha.
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1137:Wayback Machine
1126:Washington Post
1123:
1119:
1113:Wayback Machine
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:Wayback Machine
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1008:
979:
978:
974:
965:
961:
951:
949:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
904:
903:
899:
884:
865:
864:
860:
845:"Name That Ben"
843:
842:
838:
832:Wayback Machine
815:
808:
798:
796:
782:
781:
777:
767:
765:
749:
748:
744:
734:
732:
729:Merriam-Webster
723:
722:
718:
714:
709:
660:
639:
595:
589:
550:
530:, a writer for
508:Michael Hiltzik
504:
502:Blog commentary
469:Stephen Leather
458:Rachel Polonsky
436:
393:
387:
382:
365:
359:
341:
335:
282:
276:
269:
249:
242:
230:
223:
216:
200:Internet trolls
172:
149:social networks
144:
142:Ballot stuffing
136:
130:
123:
118:
73:Anthony Burgess
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2139:communications
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2058:
2056:Agent handling
2052:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1984:
1983:External links
1981:
1979:
1978:
1953:
1920:
1904:
1863:
1835:
1802:
1775:Cox, Ana Marie
1766:
1733:
1702:
1671:
1636:
1603:
1576:
1543:
1524:
1500:
1467:
1439:
1417:
1398:
1381:New York Times
1367:
1337:
1304:
1272:
1263:Globe and Mail
1249:
1230:
1206:
1175:
1142:
1117:
1093:
1067:
1044:
1013:
1006:
972:
959:
928:
911:Wikimedia blog
897:
895:a sock puppet.
858:
836:
806:
775:
742:
731:. July 9, 2023
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
661:
659:
656:
652:Lisa Goes Gaga
638:
635:
591:Main article:
588:
585:
549:
546:
503:
500:
462:Robert Service
435:
432:
386:
383:
381:
378:
361:Main article:
358:
353:
345:identity theft
339:People v. Golb
337:Main article:
334:
332:People v. Golb
329:
278:Main article:
275:
270:
268:
265:
241:
238:
215:
212:
171:
168:
143:
140:
122:
119:
117:
114:
64:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2448:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:interrogation
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2304:Eavesdropping
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:Steganography
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Invisible ink
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Sleeper agent
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1157:New Scientist
1153:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
976:
973:
969:
963:
960:
947:
943:
939:
932:
929:
916:
912:
908:
901:
898:
894:
888:
880:
876:
875:
869:
868:"sock puppet"
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
813:
811:
807:
799:September 24,
794:
790:
786:
779:
776:
763:
759:
758:
753:
746:
743:
730:
726:
720:
717:
711:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
657:
655:
653:
649:
646:
645:
636:
634:
631:
626:
624:
620:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
594:
586:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
559:
555:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:David Manning
481:
479:
475:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
454:Orlando Figes
451:
450:
449:City of Night
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
424:short sellers
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
392:
384:
379:
377:
373:
370:
364:
357:
354:
352:
350:
346:
340:
333:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
281:
274:
271:
266:
264:
262:
258:
257:writing style
254:
247:
239:
237:
235:
228:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
204:concern troll
201:
196:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
141:
139:
135:
128:
121:Block evasion
120:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
92:
87:
86:
80:
78:
74:
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2383:Surveillance
2171:Cyber spying
2156:Cryptography
2095:Resident spy
2080:Double agent
2060:
1969:. Retrieved
1966:Wikisimpsons
1965:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1923:
1913:
1907:
1897:February 20,
1895:. Retrieved
1878:
1874:"The Agency"
1866:
1851:The Guardian
1850:
1828:November 27,
1826:. Retrieved
1815:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
1782:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1746:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1684:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1649:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1616:
1606:
1591:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1558:
1546:
1527:
1520:The Guardian
1519:
1503:
1493:February 20,
1491:. Retrieved
1480:
1470:
1460:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1330:December 26,
1328:. Retrieved
1317:
1307:
1297:December 12,
1295:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1267:the original
1262:
1252:
1243:
1233:
1214:
1209:
1199:November 11,
1197:. Retrieved
1188:
1178:
1168:December 20,
1166:. Retrieved
1155:
1145:
1128:
1120:
1104:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1070:
1063:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1027:The Guardian
1026:
1016:
985:
975:
967:
962:
950:. Retrieved
942:The Guardian
941:
931:
921:November 21,
919:. Retrieved
910:
900:
872:
861:
853:the original
848:
839:
821:
816:Amy Harmon,
797:. Retrieved
788:
778:
768:February 20,
766:. Retrieved
755:
745:
733:. Retrieved
728:
719:
705:Trojan Horse
644:The Simpsons
642:
640:
627:
615:
596:
564:Donald Trump
551:
531:
526:
521:
511:
505:
482:
466:
447:
437:
416:Conrad Black
413:
394:
374:
366:
355:
342:
331:
325:George H. Wu
316:
313:
294:
283:
272:
253:IP addresses
250:
233:
231:
220:Meat Puppets
197:
179:
175:
173:
161:
157:Sybil attack
145:
137:
96:
89:
83:
81:
69:Walt Whitman
66:
48:
46:
36:
2373:Stay-behind
2282:Recruitment
2239:Canary trap
2137:Devices and
2085:Field agent
1989:Sock puppet
1629:January 29,
1569:January 16,
1391:December 7,
1228: 2009).
554:TYT Network
542:Jon Stewart
538:Sprezzatura
518:Hugh Hewitt
488:film critic
478:R.J. Ellory
474:Jeremy Duns
401:John Mackey
397:Whole Foods
349:Norman Golb
290:Megan Meier
180:strawpuppet
110:Orangemoody
49:sock puppet
18:Alt account
2415:Categories
2368:Sexpionage
2348:COINTELPRO
2341:safe house
2321:False flag
2258:Operations
2232:techniques
2228:Tradecraft
1561:. London.
1319:Wired News
1029:. London.
952:October 6,
889:required.)
712:References
700:Team Jorge
690:Reputation
665:Catfishing
558:white male
528:Lee Siegel
444:John Rechy
440:amazon.com
389:See also:
234:meatpuppet
214:Meatpuppet
184:false flag
2436:Deception
2292:black bag
2176:Dead drop
2105:Spymaster
2029:Espionage
1971:August 7,
1946:April 20,
1887:0362-4331
1795:March 30,
1226:C.D. Cal.
650:episode "
576:Joe Biden
319:, a 1973
193:straw man
98:Knowledge
2358:SHAMROCK
2211:microdot
2114:Analysis
1937:Archived
1891:Archived
1855:Archived
1822:Archived
1759:June 11,
1753:Archived
1748:NY Times
1726:July 27,
1720:Archived
1695:July 27,
1689:Archived
1650:Newsweek
1623:Archived
1598:Archived
1563:Archived
1535:Archived
1512:Archived
1487:Archived
1453:Archived
1431:Archived
1409:Archived
1385:Archived
1360:July 15,
1354:Archived
1324:Archived
1291:Archived
1193:Archived
1162:Archived
1140:Page D01
1133:Archived
1109:Archived
1086:July 28,
1056:Archived
1031:Archived
970:, p. 230
946:Archived
915:Archived
828:Archived
793:Archived
762:Archived
735:July 29,
685:Phishing
658:See also
522:LA Times
299:for the
2353:MINARET
2297:wetwork
1817:YouTube
1664:June 9,
1037:May 23,
603:Ntrepid
568:Twitter
286:MySpace
189:bigoted
182:) is a
63:History
2388:Global
2314:MASINT
2309:SIGINT
2161:Cutout
2045:Assets
2040:Agents
1885:
1224: (
1220:,
1004:
990:251–60
405:Yahoo!
2073:Agent
2068:Cover
1940:(PDF)
1933:(PDF)
1685:Slate
1654:MSNBC
1286:Slate
883:
695:Shill
261:GeoIP
116:Types
2393:Mass
2363:FVEY
2090:Mole
1973:2024
1948:2016
1899:2017
1883:ISSN
1830:2020
1797:2007
1784:Time
1761:2007
1728:2012
1697:2012
1666:2001
1631:2016
1571:2020
1495:2017
1393:2010
1362:2009
1332:2008
1299:2008
1201:2020
1170:2017
1088:2012
1039:2010
1002:ISBN
954:2016
923:2013
893:Gore
801:2019
770:2017
737:2023
628:The
460:and
151:and
82:The
71:and
2230:and
1991:at
994:doi
849:PBS
641:In
572:gay
438:An
2417::
1964:.
1889:.
1881:.
1877:.
1861:).
1849:,
1838:^
1814:.
1781:.
1751:.
1745:.
1718:.
1714:.
1687:.
1683:.
1652:.
1648:.
1621:.
1615:.
1596:.
1590:.
1557:.
1518:,
1485:.
1479:.
1459:,
1442:^
1420:^
1383:.
1379:.
1348:.
1316:.
1283:.
1261:.
1242:.
1191:.
1187:.
1160:.
1154:.
1062:,
1025:.
1000:.
992:.
984:.
944:.
940:.
913:.
909:.
871:.
847:.
834:).
820:,
809:^
791:.
787:.
760:.
754:.
727:.
625:.
613:.
399:,
174:A
159:.
112:.
94:.
79:.
47:A
2021:e
2014:t
2007:v
1975:.
1950:.
1901:.
1832:.
1799:.
1763:.
1730:.
1699:.
1668:.
1633:.
1573:.
1497:.
1415:.
1395:.
1364:.
1334:.
1301:.
1246:.
1203:.
1172:.
1090:.
1041:.
1010:.
996::
956:.
925:.
881:.
803:.
772:.
739:.
248:.
229:.
222:.
129:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
