413:
337:
dead before he could run any farther. Roberts fired into Chaney's lower back and his head. Prosecutors said that
Roberts fired two of the three bullets found in Chaney's body. After the murders James Jordan was accused of saying "well, you didn't leave me nothing but a nigger, but at least I killed me a nigger."
336:
lover?" Roberts asked, his left hand on
Schwerner's shoulder. "Sir, I know just how you feel," Schwerner replied. Roberts then shot him in the heart and then grabbed Goodman, shooting him in the chest near his right shoulder. Chaney ran, but Roberts along with other Klansmen were able to shoot him
325:
sedan. In Horace's car were James Jordan, Jimmy K. Arledge, Jimmy
Snowden, Roberts, and Posey. Posey's car apparently had carburetor problems and broke down on the side of the road. Sharpe and Townsend were ordered to stay with the car and get it running again. Price eventually caught the CORE
320:
The lynch mob, in Horace D. Barnette's and Billy W. Posey's cars, was drinking while arguing who would kill the three men. Eventually
Philadelphia Police Officer Other N. Burkes drove up to Barnette's car and told the mob that "they're going on 19 toward Meridian. Follow them!" After a quick
31:
830:
CBS cameraman
Laurens Pierce, left, struggles for his camera with Alton Wayne Roberts outside the Federal Building in Meridian, Miss., Jan. 27, 1965. Roberts, a defendant in civil rights slayings, punched Pierce moments later. (AP Photo/Jack
375:
cameraman
Laurens Pierce outside the federal courthouse in Meridian where he was on trial at the time. Roberts had grabbed Pierce's camera as he was taking pictures of him, which escalated when Roberts punched Pierce during the struggle.
842:
Alton Wayne
Roberts, right punches CBS cameraman Laurens Pierce outside the Federal Building in Meridian, Miss., Jan. 27, 1965. Roberts, a 26-year-old salesman, was a defendant in the deaths of three civil rights workers. (AP Photo/Jack
321:
rendezvous with
Philadelphia Police Officer Richard Willis, Price was in pursuit of the three civil rights workers. Posey's Chevrolet carried Jerry M. Sharpe, Jimmy L. Townsend, and Alton W. Roberts. Horace Barnette had a two-toned blue
311:
Two
Mississippi Highway Patrol men waited at Pilgrim's Gas Station not far from Philadelphia's city limits. The trio was likely deterred from using a phone at the station. They drove past the station and continued toward Meridian.
3433:
351:
On
December 4, 1964, The Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested several men for engineering a conspiracy to injure, oppress, threaten, and intimidate Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner. Roberts was one of many rounded up that day.
303:
soon arrived and escorted them to the county jail. Price released the trio as soon as the longest day of the year became night which was about 10 p.m. The three were last seen heading south in their Ford station wagon along
226:, but it is debated by some that it was another accomplice, James Jordan, who had killed him. Jordan had identified Roberts as Chaney's killer. In 1967, he was charged and convicted of depriving the slain activists of their
3428:
882:
355:
Roberts was indicted on February 28, 1967. He went to federal trial in Meridian on October 7 of that same year; 13 days later, he was convicted. At the sentencing hearing on December 29, 1967, Judge
291:, which had been attacked and vandalised by the local chapter of the KKK. They left Longdale around 3 p.m. They were to be in Meridian by 4 p.m. that day. The fastest route to Meridian was through
2939:
3403:
3156:
972:
3363:
3213:
3207:
242:, Mississippi. He was the second youngest child of Clyde Cuthell Roberts and Eula Juanita Quinnelly, and grew up with three brothers, Lee, Lyod, and Raymond. Roberts played
2788:
892:
329:
Soon the three civil rights workers would be escorted north on Highway 19 to secluded Rock Cut Road where they would be executed at the hands of Roberts and Jordan.
1624:
2606:
2570:
994:
295:. At the fork of Beacon & Main Street their station wagon sustained a flat tire. It is possible that a shot was fired at the station wagon's tire. Sheriff
3418:
3030:
965:
841:
829:
3423:
3309:
2919:
2828:
380:
took photos of Roberts beating up the reporter, with the incident becoming widely circulated in the U.S. press the next day. In 1968, Roberts filed a
278:
207:
2770:
756:
Dixie's Dirty Secret: The True Story of how the Government, the Media, and the Mob Conspired to Combat Integration and the Vietnam Antiwar Movement
3151:
1872:
677:
3358:
2540:
958:
2700:
3443:
3413:
3136:
3024:
2624:
1472:
681:
854:
2670:
1592:
3408:
2924:
1101:
814:
769:
736:
624:
559:
526:
499:
203:
2891:
2594:
360:
3322:
2976:
2618:
2235:
2163:
3438:
2458:
2355:
1416:
1261:
1560:
2659:
2653:
2600:
1960:
1912:
1301:
1205:
1109:
981:
398:, Roberts was running a "seedy after-hours bar" in 1989. The bar was located on Virginia Drive in Meridian, Mississippi.
3252:
3183:
3035:
2949:
2764:
2493:
2464:
2417:
1696:
1688:
1608:
1512:
1365:
1317:
1269:
1013:
804:
726:
614:
489:
257:
and was worked as a window salesman and a mobile home salesman, at the time of the murders. He previously served in the
516:
3398:
3161:
2112:
2016:
2000:
1992:
1976:
1389:
1349:
1341:
1309:
1133:
288:
211:
2307:
384:
against Pierce, alleging that he had been the one to initiate the altercation, which ultimately did not go to court.
2896:
2794:
2647:
2642:
2516:
2411:
2331:
2283:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2008:
1784:
1728:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1616:
1584:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1464:
1432:
1325:
1277:
1213:
887:
258:
332:
When they arrived, Roberts reportedly pulled Schwerner out of the car, pointing a gun at his chest. "Are you that
2901:
2836:
2806:
2588:
2423:
2032:
1968:
1768:
1504:
1373:
1293:
1141:
1045:
219:
2776:
2511:
2505:
2429:
2347:
2299:
2227:
2187:
2096:
2064:
2056:
2024:
1944:
1904:
1888:
1840:
1712:
1576:
1448:
322:
305:
283:
In the afternoon of June 21, 1964, Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner arrived at Longdale to inspect a burned out
685:
3194:
3189:
3177:
3010:
2718:
2363:
2339:
2315:
2291:
2155:
2104:
1952:
1936:
1864:
1800:
1736:
1720:
1704:
1680:
1456:
1424:
1333:
1285:
1197:
1181:
1117:
262:
3328:
3080:
2911:
2723:
2694:
2682:
2676:
2259:
2195:
1664:
1488:
1237:
914:
467:
346:
646:
3299:
3246:
3200:
3141:
3070:
2846:
2636:
2612:
2582:
2528:
2452:
2440:
2397:
2251:
1984:
1928:
1896:
1824:
1021:
461:
266:
239:
54:
3393:
3388:
3334:
3316:
2954:
2688:
2576:
1920:
1568:
1381:
82:
3342:
3259:
3239:
3090:
2746:
1600:
1520:
1253:
1125:
915:"Alton Wayne Roberts, Appellant, v. Laurens Pierce et al., Appellees, 398 F.2d 954 (5th Cir. 1968)"
586:
431:
254:
93:
3273:
3085:
3017:
2929:
2876:
2706:
2558:
2499:
2219:
1760:
1752:
1440:
1357:
651:
446:
356:
296:
16:
Ku Klux Klan member, co-conspirator in murders of 3 civil rights workers in Mississippi in 1964
3233:
3146:
3115:
3055:
2934:
2840:
2822:
2758:
810:
765:
761:
732:
620:
591:
555:
522:
495:
491:
Manufacturing Hysteria: A History of Scapegoating, Surveillance, and Secrecy in Modern America
394:
243:
215:
199:
30:
3265:
3227:
3218:
3120:
3110:
3075:
2734:
2712:
2564:
2552:
2475:
2323:
2179:
1832:
1792:
1480:
1245:
1229:
1093:
789:
436:
418:
377:
359:
sentenced Roberts to 10 years in federal prison. Roberts served no more than six years in
3283:
2816:
2752:
2522:
2120:
2040:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1069:
859:
126:
3293:
3105:
3095:
3065:
3060:
2944:
2812:
2800:
2740:
2434:
2147:
2048:
1816:
1808:
1776:
1029:
381:
371:
Roberts gained national recognition on January 27, 1965, for getting into a fight with
3382:
3288:
2987:
2959:
2881:
2664:
2546:
2446:
2275:
2203:
1744:
1408:
1053:
1037:
754:
456:
451:
426:
238:
Alton Wayne Roberts, who went by Wayne for most of his life, was born and raised in
3305:
2993:
2981:
2886:
2832:
2487:
2401:
1856:
1496:
1221:
1085:
945:
292:
284:
227:
223:
551:
3100:
2965:
2782:
2405:
2243:
2211:
2171:
1061:
950:
441:
300:
247:
140:
941:
3278:
2728:
2481:
2267:
2139:
1880:
1848:
1189:
1077:
408:
134:
2630:
2534:
2469:
1672:
326:
station wagon heading west toward Union, Mississippi, on state highway 492.
2871:
544:
104:
333:
3434:
People convicted of murder by the United States federal government
2971:
707:
Nevin, David (December 1964). "Day of Accusation in Mississippi".
198:(April 6, 1938 – September 11, 1999) was an American murderer and
2386:
992:
954:
518:
Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement
372:
806:
And One Was a Priest: The Life and Times of Duncan M. Gray Jr
2940:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
3429:
People convicted of depriving others of their civil rights
299:'s home was near the Beacon and Main Street fork. Deputy
3157:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
269:. He was married to Linda Walker and had no children.
210:. He was the one who fatally shot two of the victims,
3351:
3170:
3129:
3048:
3002:
2910:
2864:
2131:
1400:
1005:
179:
171:
159:
154:
146:
132:
122:
110:
100:
89:
78:
62:
40:
21:
753:
678:"Cast of characters from 37 years ago has changed"
543:
3404:American Ku Klux Klan members convicted of murder
2601:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
787:‘Ex-Sheriff Rainey: He's Haunted by the Past’;
728:Lauderdale County, Mississippi: A Brief History
141:Conspiracy to deprive rights (18 U.S.C. § 241)
995:List of lynching victims in the United States
966:
8:
3031:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
2999:
2861:
2847:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
2577:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
2383:
1002:
989:
973:
959:
951:
29:
18:
3323:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
2783:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
1561:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
640:
638:
636:
279:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
855:"24 More Arrests in Alabama Voter Drive"
671:
669:
580:
578:
576:
574:
550:. University Press of Kentucky. p.
222:. Roberts also shot the third activist,
3152:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
480:
720:
718:
2789:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
2695:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
7:
3364:Lynching deaths in the United States
2494:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
494:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
253:Roberts, then 26 years old, owned a
206:, was convicted for his role in the
3419:Military personnel from Mississippi
3025:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
2801:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
2583:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
682:Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal
585:McWhorter, Diane (9 January 1989).
14:
3424:People from Meridian, Mississippi
2925:American Crusade Against Lynching
2571:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
891:. 28 January 1965. Archived from
803:Johnston, Araminta Stone (2010).
676:Faulkner, Leesha (12 June 2005).
204:White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
3137:America's Black Holocaust Museum
2920:American anti-lynching activists
2892:Nadir of American race relations
2482:Steve Long and two half-brothers
2418:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
411:
361:McNeil Island Corrections Center
3343:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2977:National Conference on Lynching
2535:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
2412:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
1753:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
401:He died on September 11, 1999.
363:, and was free on appeal bond.
2459:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
809:. Univ. Press of Mississippi.
793:, September 22, 1974, page 280
1:
3359:Lynching in the United States
2660:Springfield race riot of 1908
1078:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
982:Lynching in the United States
515:Chalmers, David Mark (2005).
96:owner, salesman, truck driver
3253:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
3184:And you are lynching Negroes
3036:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
2771:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
2677:Harris County, GA, lynchings
2619:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
2465:New Orleans massacre of 1866
883:"17 Deny Slaying Plot Guilt"
645:Ladd, Donna (21 June 2004).
521:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3444:White supremacist assassins
3162:Southern Poverty Law Center
2807:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
2435:? Lachenais and four others
1873:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
1190:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
212:Congress of Racial Equality
208:1964 Freedom Summer murders
202:. Roberts, a member of the
73:Meridian, Mississippi, U.S.
3460:
3414:Criminals from Mississippi
2643:1906 Atlanta race massacre
2613:Phoenix, SC, election riot
2589:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
2541:Benjamin and Mollie French
888:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
587:"Since Mississippi Burned"
344:
276:
2950:William O'Connell Bradley
2860:
2689:East St. Louis, IL, riots
2441:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
2424:New York City draft riots
2393:
2382:
1001:
988:
752:Dickerson, James (1998).
725:Putnam, Richelle (2011).
367:Assault of Laurens Pierce
189:
118:
28:
3409:American segregationists
3214:Deaths in police custody
2701:Jenkins County, GA, riot
2512:Chinese massacre of 1871
2430:Detroit race riot (1863)
2065:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
1857:Dick Rowland (attempted)
35:Roberts's mugshot (1964)
3195:Battle of Liberty Place
3190:Attack on John Shillady
3178:James Allen (collector)
3011:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
2795:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
2719:Omaha race riot of 1919
2707:Longview, TX, race riot
2683:Newberry, FL, lynchings
2625:Julia and Frazier Baker
2607:Porter and Spencer (MS)
2559:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
2517:Meridian, MS, race riot
2500:Opelousas, LA, massacre
1473:Paul Reed and Will Cato
1158:Big Nose George Parrott
760:. M.E. Sharpe. p.
616:Witness in Philadelphia
613:Mars, Florence (1989).
263:dishonorably discharged
214:civil rights activists
3329:United States v. Shipp
3081:Rebecca Latimer Felton
2912:Anti-lynching movement
2829:Freedom Summer Murders
2759:Rosewood, FL, massacre
2724:Knoxville riot of 1919
1593:Laura and L. D. Nelson
647:"Down a Southern Road"
468:United States v. Price
347:United States v. Price
273:Freedom Summer murders
3439:United States Marines
3300:Summer in Mississippi
3247:Mississippi Cold Case
3201:The Birth of a Nation
3142:Civil Rights Memorial
3071:Sidney Johnston Catts
3049:Defenders of lynching
2735:Duluth, MN, lynchings
2713:Elaine, AR, race riot
2671:Laura and L.D. Nelson
2637:Watkinsville lynching
2595:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
2553:Hamburg, SC, massacre
2529:Election riot of 1874
2476:Camilla, GA, massacre
2398:Death of Joseph Smith
1022:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
731:. The History Press.
488:Feldman, Jay (2012).
462:Civil Rights Movement
267:absence without leave
167:Michael Schwerner, 24
150:10 years imprisonment
55:Meridian, Mississippi
3018:Costigan-Wagner Bill
2955:Ella Barksdale Brown
2753:Perry, FL, race riot
2665:Slocum, TX, massacre
2565:Mart and Tom Horrell
2523:Colfax, LA, massacre
2506:Bear River City riot
2356:James Craig Anderson
2156:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
1761:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
776:alton wayne roberts.
566:alton wayne roberts.
542:Sims, Patsy (1996).
265:for drunkenness and
261:, from which he was
83:Quitman, Mississippi
3260:The Ox-Bow Incident
3240:Mississippi Burning
3091:John Trotwood Moore
2747:Tulsa race massacre
2741:Ocoee, FL, massacre
2236:Mack Charles Parker
2164:Willie James Howard
942:Alton Wayne Roberts
432:Olen Lovell Burrage
196:Alton Wayne Roberts
23:Alton Wayne Roberts
3399:American assassins
3274:Reconstruction era
3086:John Temple Graves
2930:Jessie Daniel Ames
2877:Indiana White Caps
2547:Ellenton, SC, riot
2470:Reno Brothers Gang
2220:Judge Edward Aaron
1417:Ballie Crutchfield
652:Jackson Free Press
447:Lawrence A. Rainey
357:William Harold Cox
297:Lawrence A. Rainey
165:Andrew Goodman, 20
66:September 11, 1999
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3317:They Won't Forget
3234:Lynching postcard
3147:The Legacy Museum
3116:James K. Vardaman
3056:Theodore G. Bilbo
3044:
3043:
2935:Martin C. Ansorge
2856:
2855:
2841:Michael Schwerner
2648:Kemper County, MS
2488:Pulaski, TN, riot
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2081:Shedrick Thompson
1961:Bernice Raspberry
1681:Name unknown (MS)
1585:Name unknown (TX)
1206:Joseph Vermillion
1174:John Wesley Heath
863:. 28 January 1965
711:. pp. 36–37.
308:toward Meridian.
259:U.S. Marine Corps
216:Michael Schwerner
200:white supremacist
193:
192:
3451:
3171:Related articles
3121:Thomas E. Watson
3111:Benjamin Tillman
3076:Thomas Dixon Jr.
3000:
2862:
2765:Jim and Mark Fox
2453:Memphis massacre
2388:Multiple victims
2384:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2284:Wharlest Jackson
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2180:John Cecil Jones
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2073:Matthew Williams
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1833:Berry Washington
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1697:Anthony Crawford
1692:
1689:Jesse Washington
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1609:Zachariah Walker
1604:
1596:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1569:Grant Richardson
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1513:Earnest Williams
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1366:John Henry James
1361:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1318:Stephen Williams
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1270:Ephraim Grizzard
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1230:Brown Washington
1225:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1134:Arthur St. Clair
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1094:John W. Stephens
1089:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1014:Francis McIntosh
1003:
990:
975:
968:
961:
952:
929:
928:
926:
925:
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
895:on 27 April 2016
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
820:
800:
794:
790:The Boston Globe
785:
779:
778:
759:
749:
743:
742:
722:
713:
712:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
688:on 11 March 2015
684:. Archived from
673:
664:
663:
661:
659:
642:
631:
630:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
582:
569:
568:
549:
539:
533:
532:
512:
506:
505:
485:
437:Edgar Ray Killen
421:
419:Biography portal
416:
415:
414:
182:
163:James Chaney, 21
147:Criminal penalty
137:
69:
50:
48:
33:
19:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3368:
3347:
3284:Scottsboro Boys
3166:
3125:
3040:
2998:
2906:
2852:
2817:Harriette Moore
2777:Tate County, MS
2389:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2324:Arthur McDuffie
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2127:
2121:Elbert Williams
2119:
2113:Austin Callaway
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2017:Thomas Williams
2015:
2007:
2001:Thomas Bradshaw
1999:
1993:Albert Williams
1991:
1983:
1977:Joseph Upchurch
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1633:George Saunders
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1481:Bunk Richardson
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1396:
1390:Benjamin Thomas
1388:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1350:Joseph H. McCoy
1348:
1342:William Andrews
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1310:Richard Puryear
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1166:Charles Thurber
1164:
1156:
1150:Joseph Standing
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1070:Clubfoot George
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
997:
984:
979:
938:
933:
932:
923:
921:
913:
912:
908:
898:
896:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
860:Chicago Tribune
853:
852:
848:
840:
836:
828:
824:
817:
802:
801:
797:
786:
782:
772:
751:
750:
746:
739:
724:
723:
716:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
675:
674:
667:
657:
655:
644:
643:
634:
627:
612:
611:
607:
597:
595:
584:
583:
572:
562:
541:
540:
536:
529:
514:
513:
509:
502:
487:
486:
482:
477:
417:
412:
410:
407:
390:
369:
349:
343:
318:
281:
275:
236:
180:
166:
164:
133:
127:White supremacy
101:Criminal status
74:
71:
67:
58:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3303:
3296:
3294:Stone Mountain
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Goodloe Sutton
3103:
3098:
3096:John T. Morgan
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Julian S. Carr
3063:
3061:Cole L. Blease
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3004:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Flossie Bailey
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2837:Andrew Goodman
2826:
2820:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2631:Pana, IL, riot
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2348:James Byrd Jr.
2344:
2336:
2332:Michael Donald
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2228:Willie Edwards
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2148:Johannes Kunze
2144:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2089:George Armwood
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2009:Winston Pounds
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1817:John Hartfield
1813:
1809:Wesley Everest
1805:
1797:
1793:Wallace Baynes
1789:
1785:Olli Kinkkonen
1781:
1777:Jim McIlherron
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1657:Charles Fisher
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1465:Marie Thompson
1461:
1453:
1445:
1441:J. D. Mayfield
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1278:Samuel J. Bush
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1214:George Meadows
1210:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1102:Alexander Boyd
1098:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1030:Josefa Segovia
1026:
1018:
1009:
1007:
999:
998:
993:
986:
985:
980:
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
949:
948:
937:
936:External links
934:
931:
930:
906:
874:
846:
834:
822:
815:
795:
780:
770:
744:
737:
714:
699:
665:
632:
625:
605:
570:
560:
534:
527:
507:
500:
479:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
423:
422:
406:
403:
389:
386:
382:diversity suit
368:
365:
345:Main article:
342:
339:
317:
314:
289:Neshoba County
277:Main article:
274:
271:
235:
232:
220:Andrew Goodman
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
72:
70:(aged 61)
64:
60:
59:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3456:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Silent Parade
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:Hang 'Em High
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:Strange Fruit
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:Father Divine
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Jim Crow laws
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:Walker family
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2365:
2364:Ahmaud Arbery
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:Yusef Hawkins
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:Betty Gardner
2313:
2309:
2308:Marian Pyszko
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:Carol Jenkins
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:Vernon Dahmer
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:George W. Lee
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:James Cameron
2054:
2050:
2049:George Hughes
2046:
2042:
2041:J. C. Collins
2038:
2034:
2033:Leonard Woods
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Owen Flemming
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Fred N. Selak
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:George Taylor
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:Robert Prager
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:Charles Jones
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:"Mose" Creole
1542:
1538:
1537:Matthew Chase
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:William Burns
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:Fred Rochelle
1406:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:F. W. Stewart
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:John Anderson
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Alfred Blount
1291:
1287:
1286:John Peterson
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Michael Green
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Henry Plummer
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Pancho Daniel
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
953:
947:
943:
940:
939:
935:
920:
916:
910:
907:
894:
890:
889:
884:
878:
875:
862:
861:
856:
850:
847:
844:
838:
835:
832:
826:
823:
818:
816:9781604738292
812:
808:
807:
799:
796:
792:
791:
784:
781:
777:
773:
771:9780765603401
767:
763:
758:
757:
748:
745:
740:
738:9781609490218
734:
730:
729:
721:
719:
715:
710:
703:
700:
687:
683:
679:
672:
670:
666:
654:
653:
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
628:
626:9780807115664
622:
619:. LSU Press.
618:
617:
609:
606:
594:
593:
588:
581:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
561:9780813108872
557:
553:
548:
547:
538:
535:
530:
528:9780742523111
524:
520:
519:
511:
508:
503:
501:9780307388230
497:
493:
492:
484:
481:
474:
470:
469:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:Herman Tucker
455:
453:
452:Jimmy Snowden
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Samuel Bowers
425:
424:
420:
409:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:
392:According to
387:
385:
383:
379:
378:Jack Thornell
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
353:
348:
340:
338:
335:
330:
327:
324:
323:Ford Fairlane
315:
313:
309:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
184:
178:
175:United States
174:
170:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:Conviction(s)
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
90:Occupation(s)
88:
84:
81:
79:Resting place
77:
65:
61:
56:
51:April 6, 1938
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
3335:
3327:
3315:
3306:Sundown town
3298:
3266:
3258:
3245:
3238:
3226:
3219:
3208:The Clansman
3206:
3199:
3023:
3016:
3009:
2994:Ida B. Wells
2982:Paul Robeson
2887:Ku Klux Klan
2833:James Chaney
2823:Anniston, AL
2447:Plummer Gang
2402:Joseph Smith
2300:Henry Marrow
2260:Frank Morris
2188:Willie Earle
2097:Cordie Cheek
2025:Henry Choate
1945:Dan Anderson
1905:Raymond Byrd
1889:Samuel Smith
1841:Willie Baird
1721:Frank Little
1713:Paulo Boleta
1641:Robert Perry
1617:Mary Jackson
1577:King Johnson
1529:James Hodges
1449:George White
1433:Walker Davis
1334:Jacob Henson
1262:Robert Lewis
1222:Ellen Watson
1110:Jim Williams
1086:Wyatt Outlaw
946:Find a Grave
922:. Retrieved
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
886:
877:
865:. Retrieved
858:
849:
837:
825:
805:
798:
788:
783:
775:
755:
747:
727:
708:
702:
690:. Retrieved
686:the original
656:. Retrieved
650:
615:
608:
596:. Retrieved
590:
565:
545:
537:
517:
510:
490:
483:
466:
400:
393:
391:
370:
354:
350:
331:
328:
319:
310:
293:Philadelphia
285:black church
282:
252:
237:
228:civil rights
224:James Chaney
195:
194:
114:Linda Walker
68:(1999-09-11)
3394:1999 deaths
3389:1938 births
3338:(1999 film)
3222:(1936 film)
3101:James Rolph
3003:Legislation
2966:Flag Salute
2406:Hyrum Smith
2252:Lemuel Penn
2244:Louis Allen
2212:Emmett Till
2196:Lamar Smith
2172:Recy Taylor
2105:Claude Neal
1953:Will Sherod
1937:John Carter
1913:James Clark
1865:Henry Lowry
1737:Ell Persons
1625:Rob Edwards
1601:Will Porter
1457:David Wyatt
1425:George Ward
1302:Henry Smith
1198:Amos Miller
1182:Eliza Woods
1118:David Jones
1062:Bill Sketoe
1046:Joshua Boyd
1006:Before 1900
442:Cecil Price
301:Cecil Price
248:high school
185:Mississippi
3383:Categories
3352:Categories
3279:Red Summer
2972:N.A.A.C.P.
2897:Red Shirts
2729:Red Summer
2268:James Reeb
2140:Felix Hall
2132:After 1940
1881:Joe Pullen
1849:Roy Belton
1801:Will Brown
1705:Jeff Brown
1665:John Evans
1649:? Anderson
1553:"Pie" Hill
1521:Jim Miller
1497:Slab Pitts
1489:Ed Johnson
1326:Amos Hicks
1246:Dick Lundy
1238:Jim Taylor
924:2023-04-06
919:Justia Law
475:References
341:Conviction
306:Highway 19
234:Early life
47:1938-04-06
3269:(musical)
1985:Joe Smith
1929:Tom Payne
1897:L. Q. Ivy
1825:Jay Lynch
1673:Leo Frank
1401:1900–1940
843:Thornell)
831:Thornell)
388:Aftermath
316:Lynch mob
3336:Vendetta
2872:Lynching
2843:) (1964)
2408:) (1844)
1382:Sam Hose
692:10 March
658:10 March
598:10 March
546:The Klan
405:See also
244:football
240:Meridian
181:State(s)
105:Deceased
2865:General
1254:Joe Coe
1126:Jo Reed
246:during
172:Country
160:Victims
155:Details
3267:Parade
3255:(1965)
3130:Memory
2849:(1964)
2825:(1961)
2819:(1952)
2809:(1946)
2803:(1945)
2797:(1943)
2791:(1937)
2785:(1933)
2779:(1932)
2773:(1930)
2767:(1927)
2761:(1923)
2755:(1922)
2749:(1921)
2743:(1920)
2737:(1920)
2731:(1919)
2715:(1919)
2709:(1919)
2703:(1919)
2697:(1918)
2691:(1917)
2685:(1916)
2679:(1912)
2673:(1911)
2667:(1910)
2656:(1908)
2650:(1906)
2639:(1905)
2633:(1899)
2627:(1898)
2621:(1898)
2615:(1898)
2609:(1897)
2603:(1892)
2597:(1892)
2591:(1891)
2585:(1880)
2579:(1879)
2573:(1879)
2567:(1878)
2561:(1878)
2555:(1876)
2549:(1876)
2543:(1876)
2537:(1874)
2525:(1873)
2519:(1871)
2508:(1868)
2502:(1868)
2496:(1868)
2490:(1868)
2484:(1868)
2478:(1868)
2472:(1868)
2461:(1866)
2455:(1866)
2449:(1864)
2443:(1864)
2437:(1863)
2426:(1863)
2420:(1862)
2414:(1858)
2366:(2020)
2358:(2011)
2350:(1998)
2342:(1989)
2334:(1981)
2326:(1979)
2318:(1978)
2310:(1975)
2302:(1970)
2294:(1968)
2286:(1967)
2278:(1966)
2270:(1965)
2262:(1964)
2254:(1964)
2246:(1964)
2238:(1959)
2230:(1957)
2222:(1957)
2214:(1955)
2206:(1955)
2198:(1955)
2190:(1947)
2182:(1946)
2174:(1944)
2166:(1944)
2158:(1943)
2150:(1943)
2142:(1941)
2123:(1940)
2115:(1940)
2107:(1934)
2099:(1933)
2091:(1933)
2083:(1932)
2075:(1931)
2067:(1931)
2059:(1930)
2051:(1930)
2043:(1928)
2035:(1927)
2027:(1927)
2019:(1927)
2011:(1927)
2003:(1927)
1995:(1927)
1987:(1927)
1979:(1927)
1971:(1927)
1963:(1927)
1955:(1927)
1947:(1927)
1939:(1927)
1931:(1927)
1923:(1926)
1915:(1926)
1907:(1926)
1899:(1925)
1891:(1924)
1883:(1923)
1875:(1922)
1867:(1921)
1859:(1921)
1851:(1920)
1843:(1920)
1835:(1919)
1827:(1919)
1819:(1919)
1811:(1919)
1803:(1919)
1795:(1919)
1787:(1918)
1779:(1918)
1771:(1918)
1763:(1918)
1755:(1918)
1747:(1918)
1739:(1917)
1731:(1917)
1723:(1917)
1715:(1916)
1707:(1916)
1699:(1916)
1691:(1916)
1683:(1915)
1675:(1915)
1667:(1914)
1659:(1914)
1651:(1913)
1643:(1913)
1635:(1912)
1627:(1912)
1619:(1912)
1611:(1911)
1603:(1911)
1595:(1911)
1587:(1911)
1579:(1911)
1571:(1910)
1563:(1909)
1555:(1909)
1547:(1909)
1539:(1909)
1531:(1909)
1523:(1909)
1515:(1907)
1507:(1907)
1499:(1906)
1491:(1906)
1483:(1906)
1475:(1904)
1467:(1904)
1459:(1903)
1451:(1903)
1443:(1903)
1435:(1903)
1427:(1901)
1419:(1901)
1411:(1901)
1392:(1899)
1384:(1899)
1376:(1898)
1368:(1898)
1360:(1898)
1352:(1897)
1344:(1897)
1336:(1896)
1328:(1894)
1320:(1894)
1312:(1894)
1304:(1893)
1296:(1893)
1288:(1893)
1280:(1893)
1272:(1892)
1264:(1892)
1256:(1891)
1248:(1891)
1240:(1891)
1232:(1890)
1224:(1889)
1216:(1889)
1208:(1889)
1200:(1888)
1192:(1886)
1184:(1886)
1176:(1884)
1168:(1882)
1160:(1881)
1152:(1879)
1144:(1878)
1136:(1877)
1128:(1875)
1120:(1872)
1112:(1871)
1104:(1870)
1096:(1870)
1088:(1870)
1080:(1868)
1072:(1864)
1064:(1864)
1056:(1864)
1048:(1863)
1040:(1858)
1032:(1851)
1024:(1837)
1016:(1836)
899:1 June
867:1 June
813:
768:
735:
623:
592:People
558:
525:
498:
395:People
334:nigger
123:Motive
111:Spouse
85:, U.S.
57:, U.S.
2813:Harry
3310:list
3220:Fury
2902:Jews
2815:and
2531:(AL)
901:2015
869:2015
811:ISBN
766:ISBN
733:ISBN
709:Life
694:2015
660:2015
621:ISBN
600:2015
556:ISBN
523:ISBN
496:ISBN
218:and
63:Died
41:Born
944:at
762:151
552:298
373:CBS
287:in
255:bar
94:Bar
3385::
2839:,
2835:,
2404:,
917:.
885:.
857:.
774:.
764:.
717:^
680:.
668:^
649:.
635:^
589:.
573:^
564:.
554:.
250:.
230:.
3312:)
3308:(
3186:"
3182:"
2990:"
2986:"
2968:"
2964:"
2831:(
2400:(
974:e
967:t
960:v
927:.
903:.
871:.
819:.
741:.
696:.
662:.
629:.
602:.
531:.
504:.
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.